An apple screening and sorting device

Abstract

The present invention discloses an apple screening and sorting device, belonging to the technical field of screening equipment, which includes a bottom plate. A flotation component and an auxiliary component are arranged on the bottom plate. The flotation component includes a flotation tank, and sorting components are symmetrically arranged on the flotation tank. The flotation component can screen the maturity of apples through the buoyancy of water. Apples with low maturity or hard texture and apples with high maturity will be located in the upper layer and the lower layer of the water in the flotation tank respectively. During the process of flotation and sorting of apples in the flotation tank, it can also soak and clean the dust and dirt on the surface of the apples. By setting the sorting components, the mutual cooperation of multiple sorting half-sieves can perform size screening on the apples in the upper layer position of the flotation tank, and the screening and sorting process is carried out in water, effectively reducing the damage to the apples. By setting the cleaning sieve plate, after the screening and sorting of the batch of apples are completed, the remaining apples in the flotation tank can be quickly cleaned out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of screening equipment, and in particular to an apple screening and sorting device. Background Art

[0002] The process of screening and sorting apples is usually very time-consuming. When screening manually, the work efficiency is low and the error rate is high. Therefore, a screening device can quickly process a large number of apples, significantly improve production efficiency, and reduce processing time. When the existing screening device screens apples, the apples fall step by step from multiple levels of sieve plates, and the apples are easily damaged during the falling process. Moreover, it is impossible to quickly remove apples with relatively low maturity or hard texture. Therefore, the present invention provides an apple screening and sorting device. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides an apple screening and sorting device, which overcomes the problems that apples fall step by step from multiple levels of sieve plates, are easily damaged during the falling process of the apples, and it is impossible to quickly remove apples with relatively low maturity or quality problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An apple screening and sorting device includes a bottom plate. A flotation component is arranged on the bottom plate. The flotation component includes a flotation pool. Sorting components are symmetrically arranged on the flotation pool. Each sorting component includes a sorting side box. The sorting side boxes are all slidably installed on the flotation pool. A plurality of sorting sliding plates are slidably installed on each sorting side box. The end of each sorting sliding plate closest to the flotation pool is fixedly installed with a sorting half-sieve plate. The sieve slot widths of the sorting half-sieve plates in the same sorting component are different from each other. When two sorting half-sieve plates with equal sieve slot widths face each other and are joined, they form a complete screening plate. Separation sliding plates are arranged between the sorting components and the flotation pool. The separation sliding plates are used to block the apples in the flotation pool from entering the sorting side boxes. An auxiliary component is further arranged on the bottom plate. The auxiliary component includes an auxiliary sliding seat and a conveying group. A plurality of storage boxes are placed on both sides of the auxiliary sliding seat. The conveying group is used to convey the sorted apples, and the storage boxes are used to store the sorted apples.

[0005] Further, the flotation pool is fixedly installed on the bottom plate. A solenoid valve is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the flotation pool. The flotation of the apples is realized by the buoyancy of the water in the flotation pool. An apple outlet trough plate is fixedly arranged at the position on the flotation pool closest to the conveying group.

[0006] Further, a U-shaped sliding plate is slidably installed on the flotation pool. A cleaning sieve plate is fixedly installed at the end of the U-shaped sliding plate located inside the flotation pool. The cleaning sieve plate is slidably matched with the flotation pool. The cleaning sieve plate is used to clean the unqualified apples in the flotation pool. A displacement lead screw is rotatably installed outside the flotation pool. The displacement lead screw and the end of the U-shaped sliding plate located outside the flotation pool form a screw pair.

[0007] Furthermore, a sorting slide carriage is slidably mounted on the bottom plate, and a lifting lead screw is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate. The sorting slide carriage and the lifting lead screw form a screw pair. A switching slide plate is fixedly arranged between the two sorting side boxes, and the switching slide plate is slidably mounted on the sorting slide carriage. A switching lead screw is rotatably mounted on the sorting slide carriage, and the switching lead screw and the switching slide plate form a screw pair.

[0008] Furthermore, position-adjusting slide seats are symmetrically and slidably mounted on the sorting slide carriage, and position-adjusting lead screws are symmetrically and rotatably mounted on the sorting slide carriage. The position-adjusting slide seats and the corresponding position-adjusting lead screws form a screw pair. The end of the position-adjusting slide seat farthest from the axis of the position-adjusting lead screw is fixedly provided with a cross-shaped push plate, and chutes for cooperating with the cross-shaped push plate are provided on the sorting slide plates.

[0009] Furthermore, cross-shaped limit plates are symmetrically and fixedly mounted on both sides of the sorting slide carriage. The cross-shaped push plate is located between the corresponding two cross-shaped limit plates. The projections of the two cross-shaped limit plates on the same side of the sorting slide carriage and the corresponding cross-shaped push plate on the lower surface of the bottom plate coincide, and the distance between the two cross-shaped limit plates on the same side of the sorting slide carriage is equal to the thickness of the cross-shaped push plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the partition slide plates are all in sliding fit with the flotation tank. There is a clearance between the surface of the partition slide plate closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate and the flotation tank. The clearance between the surface of the partition slide plate closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate and the flotation tank is equal to the thickness of the sorting half sieve plate. Two engaging long rods are fixedly provided on each of the position-adjusting slide seats, and two through holes for cooperating with the engaging long rods are provided on each of the partition slide plates.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate is parallel to the inner surface of the fruit outlet trough plate, and the upper surface of the sorting half sieve plate is parallel to the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate. Shading plates are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, and the shading plates are used to prevent apples from falling off the conveying group.

[0012] Furthermore, dryers are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate, and the dryers are used to dry the apples conveyed by the conveying group. An auxiliary slide seat is slidably mounted on the bottom plate, and an auxiliary lead screw is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate. The auxiliary slide seat and the auxiliary lead screw form a screw pair.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: (1) By setting up the flotation component, the present invention can screen the maturity of apples through the buoyancy of water. Apples with low maturity or hard texture and apples with high maturity will be located in the upper layer and the lower layer of the water in the flotation tank respectively. (2) By setting up the flotation tank, during the process of flotation classification of apples, the dust and dirt on the apple surface can also be soaked and cleaned. (3) By setting up the sorting component, the mutual cooperation of multiple sorting half-sieves can screen the apples in the upper layer position of the flotation tank by size, and the screening and classification process is carried out in water, effectively reducing the damage to the apples. (4) By setting up the auxiliary component, the classified apples can be quickly transported and classified and stored, and the water on the apple surface can also be dried. (5) By setting up the cleaning sieve plate, after the screening and classification of this batch of apples are completed, the remaining apples in the flotation tank can be quickly cleaned out. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the auxiliary sliding seat of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the displacement lead screw of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the flotation tank of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 is Figure 5 a partial enlarged schematic diagram at A in

[0020] Figure 7 is Figure 5 a partial enlarged schematic diagram at B in

[0021] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the partition slide plate of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 is Figure 8 a partial enlarged schematic diagram at C in

[0023] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure at the sealing slide plate of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 11 is a front view of the structure at the sorting slide frame of the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals: 101-bottom plate; 102-auxiliary slide; 103-storage frame; 104-auxiliary screw rod; 105-auxiliary motor; 106-flotation tank; 107-sorting side box; 108-conveying group; 109-fruit outlet plate; 110-conveying motor; 111-shielding plate; 112-drying machine; 113-cleaning screen plate; 114-sorting half screen plate; 115-separation slide plate; 116-U-shaped slide plate; 117-positioning slide seat; 1 18-joining long rod; 119-adjusting screw rod; 120-sorting slide; 121-sorting slide plate; 122-cross limit plate; 123-cross push plate; 124-double-headed adjusting motor; 125-clearance; 126-sealing slide plate; 127-shifting screw rod; 128-shifting motor; 129-solenoid valve; 130-upward motor; 131-upward screw rod; 132-switching motor; 133-switching screw rod; 134-switching slide plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Example: Reference Figures 1 - 11 An apple screening and sorting device includes a bottom plate 101, on which a flotation assembly is arranged, the flotation assembly includes a flotation tank 106, the flotation tank 106 is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 101, and a solenoid valve 129 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the flotation tank 106. The flotation of apples is achieved by the buoyancy of water in the flotation tank 106 on the apples. Apples with high maturity are located in the upper layer of the water in the flotation tank 106 due to their low density and high water content, and apples with low maturity are located in the lower layer of the water in the flotation tank 106 due to their high density and low water content. These apples located in the lower layer of the water in the flotation tank 106 may be immature or hard in texture, or may have other quality problems.

[0028] A U-shaped slide plate 116 is slidably installed on the flotation tank 106, and a cleaning screen plate 113 is fixedly installed on the end of the U-shaped slide plate 116 located on the inner side of the flotation tank 106. The cleaning screen plate 113 and the flotation tank 106 are slidably matched, and the cleaning screen plate 113 is used to clean unqualified apples in the flotation tank 106. A shift screw rod 127 is rotatably installed on the outer side of the flotation tank 106, and the shift screw rod 127 and the end of the U-shaped slide plate 116 located on the outer side of the flotation tank 106 form a spiral pair. A shift motor 128 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the flotation tank 106, and the output shaft of the shift motor 128 is fixedly connected to the shift screw rod 127.

[0029] The initial position is that the cleaning sieve plate 113 is located in the flotation tank 106 at the position closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101. Therefore, apples with a relatively large density and low water content will accumulate on the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate 113. When it is necessary to take out this part of the apples, the shifting motor 128 is started to drive the shifting lead screw 127 to rotate, which causes the U-shaped slide plate 116 to move upward, and the cleaning sieve plate 113 moves upward synchronously, thereby causing the apples on the cleaning sieve plate 113 to move upward.

[0030] A conveying group 108 is movably arranged on the bottom plate 101. The conveying group 108 includes two conveying rollers and a conveyor belt. The two conveying rollers in the conveying group 108 are symmetrically and rotatably installed on the bottom plate 101. The conveyor belt in the conveying group 108 is arranged on the two conveying rollers in the conveying group 108. A conveying motor 110 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 101. The output shaft of the conveying motor 110 is fixedly connected to the corresponding conveying roller. An apple outlet chute plate 109 is fixedly arranged at the position on the flotation tank 106 closest to the conveying group 108. The upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate 113 is parallel to the inner surface of the apple outlet chute plate 109. The distance between the end surface of the cleaning sieve plate 113 closest to the apple outlet chute plate 109 and the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 is less than the distance between the end of the cleaning sieve plate 113 farthest from the apple outlet chute plate 109 and the lower surface of the bottom plate 101, that is, the cleaning sieve plate 113 is in an inclined state relative to the bottom plate 101. Therefore, when the cleaning sieve plate 113 moves upward until the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate 113 and the inner surface of the apple outlet chute plate 109 are in the same plane, the apples on the cleaning sieve plate 113 will roll along the cleaning sieve plate 113 and the apple outlet chute plate 109 onto the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108. By starting the conveying motor 110 to drive the corresponding conveying roller to rotate, the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108 is caused to rotate, thereby realizing the conveying of the apples. Shield plates 111 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 101. The shield plates 111 are used to prevent the apples from falling off the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108.

[0031] Sorting components are symmetrically arranged on the flotation tank 106. Each sorting component includes a sorting side box 107. The sorting side boxes 107 are all slidably installed on the flotation tank 106. A sorting slide frame 120 is slidably installed on the bottom plate 101. An upward movement lead screw 131 is rotatably installed on the bottom plate 101. The sorting slide frame 120 and the upward movement lead screw 131 form a screw pair. An upward movement motor 130 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 101. The output shaft of the upward movement motor 130 is fixedly connected to the upward movement lead screw 131. A switching slide plate 134 is fixedly arranged between the two sorting side boxes 107. The switching slide plate 134 is slidably installed on the sorting slide frame 120. A switching lead screw 133 is rotatably installed on the sorting slide frame 120. The switching lead screw 133 and the switching slide plate 134 form a screw pair. A switching motor 132 is fixedly installed on the sorting slide frame 120. The output shaft of the switching motor 132 is fixedly connected to the switching lead screw 133. Sealing slide plates 126 are fixedly arranged on the sorting side boxes 107. The sealing slide plates 126 are all in sliding fit with the flotation tank 106. When the sorting side boxes 107 slide relative to the flotation tank 106, under the action of the sealing slide plates 126, there will be no gap at the joint between the flotation tank 106 and the sorting side boxes 107.

[0032] A plurality of sorting slide plates 121 are slidably installed on each sorting side box 107. The adjacent two sorting slide plates 121 in the same sorting side box 107 are in sliding fit with each other. The end of the sorting slide plate 121 closest to the flotation tank 106 is fixedly installed with a sorting half sieve plate 114. The upper surface of the sorting half sieve plate 114 is parallel to the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate 113. The sieve slot widths of the sorting half sieve plates 114 in the same sorting component are different from each other. The closer the sorting half sieve plate 114 is to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 in the same sorting component, the larger the sieve slot width. When the two sorting half sieve plates 114 with equal sieve slot widths face each other and are joined, they form a complete screening plate.

[0033] Partition slide plates 115 are arranged between the sorting components and the flotation tank 106. The partition slide plates 115 are all in sliding fit with the flotation tank 106. The partition slide plates 115 are used to prevent the apples in the flotation tank 106 from entering the sorting side boxes 107. There is a clearance gap 125 between the surface of the partition slide plate 115 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 and the flotation tank 106. The clearance gap 125 between the surface of the partition slide plate 115 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 and the flotation tank 106 is equal to the thickness of the sorting half sieve plate 114.

[0034] A positioning slide 117 is symmetrically slidably installed on the sorting slide 120, a positioning screw 119 is symmetrically rotatably installed on the sorting slide 120, a double-head positioning motor 124 is fixedly installed on the sorting slide 120, the output shafts at both ends of the double-head positioning motor 124 are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding positioning screw 119, the spiral directions of the two positioning screws 119 are opposite, the positioning slide 117 and the corresponding positioning screw 119 form a spiral pair, the end of the positioning slide 117 farthest from the axis of the positioning screw 119 is fixedly provided with a cross push plate 123, and the sorting slide 121 is provided with a slide groove that cooperates with the cross push plate 123.

[0035] Cross limit plates 122 are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the sorting slide 120, and the cross push plate 123 is located between the corresponding two cross limit plates 122. The two cross limit plates 122 and the corresponding cross push plates 123 on the same side of the sorting slide 120 coincide with each other in projection relative to the lower surface of the base plate 101. The distance between the two cross limit plates 122 on the same side of the sorting slide 120 is equal to the thickness of the cross push plate 123. Two engaging long rods 118 are fixedly provided on the adjusting slide 117, and two through holes cooperating with the engaging long rods 118 are provided on the separating slide 115.

[0036] In the initial position, the separation slide 115 and the sorting slide 120 are both located at the position closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101, and the sorting side box 107 is located at the position farthest from the lower surface of the sorting slide 120. At this time, the sorting half-sieve plate 114 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 in the sorting side box 107 is located at the position farthest from the lower surface of the bottom plate 101, that is, at this time, the sorting half-sieve plate 114 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 in the sorting side box 107 is in contact with the separation slide 115 and the floating The clearance gap 125 between the selection pools 106 is butted, and the two adjustment slides 117 are at the farthest positions apart. The slide groove and the cross push plate 123 on the sorting slide 121 farthest from the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 are in a engaged state. Under the action of the two partition slides 115, the flotation pool 106 and the two sorting side boxes 107 are divided into three chambers, and the sorting half-sieve plates 114 in the two sorting components are respectively located on the inner sides of the chambers on both sides of the flotation pool 106.

[0037] After the apples are placed in the water of the flotation tank 106, the sorting of the apples is completed under the action of the buoyancy generated by the water in the flotation tank 106. Then, the switching motor 132 is started to drive the switching lead screw 133 to rotate, so that the switching slide plate 134 moves downward relative to the sorting carriage 120, that is, the two sorting side boxes 107 move downward relative to the sorting carriage 120, and further the chute on the sorting slide plate 121 corresponding to the sorting half sieve plate 114 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 in the two sorting side boxes 107 is engaged with the corresponding cross push plate 123. At this time, the chutes on the other sorting slide plates 121 are in an engaged state with the cross limit plate 122. Under the action of the cross limit plate 122, the other sorting slide plates 121 cannot move. Then, the double-headed positioning motor 124 is started to drive the two positioning lead screws 119 to rotate synchronously, that is, the two positioning slide seats 117 move in the direction of approaching each other, the connecting long rod 118 moves in the direction of approaching the corresponding partition slide plate 115, and the two cross push plates 123 move in the direction of approaching each other. Under the action of the cross push plates 123, the two sorting half sieve plates 114 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 move in the direction of approaching each other, and finally the end faces of the two sorting half sieve plates 114 that are farthest apart are engaged. At this time, the two sorting half sieve plates 114 form a complete screening plate, that is, the combination of the screening plate with the largest screen gap width is completed. The apples that meet the requirements are all located above the screening plate. At this time, the connecting long rod 118 is in an engaged state with the through hole on the corresponding partition slide plate 115.

[0038] Then, the lifting motor 130 is started to drive the lifting lead screw 131 to rotate, so that the sorting carriage 120 moves upward, and the sorting side box 107 and the switching slide plate 134 move upward synchronously. Under the action of the connecting long rod 118, the sorting half sieve plate 114 and the partition slide plate 115 both move upward synchronously. Under the action of the two sorting half sieve plates 114 that are combined into a complete screening plate, the apples that meet the screen gap width of the screening plate stay on the screening plate, and the apples smaller than the screen gap width of the screening plate pass through the screen gap of the screening plate and move to the lower part of the screening plate, that is, the apples that meet the requirements of the screening plate move upward. Under the action of the partition slide plate 115, the apples on the screening plate are prevented from falling. Under the action of the sealing slide plate 126, the water in the flotation tank 106 is prevented from leaking when the sorting side box 107 moves. Finally, the upper surface of the screening plate formed by the two sorting half sieve plates 114 and the inner surface of the fruit outlet trough plate 109 are on the same plane. Then, the apples on the screening plate fall along the fruit outlet trough plate 109 onto the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108, and then driving the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108 to rotate realizes the conveying of the apples of this specification.

[0039] Repeat the above steps to screen the apples by combining different sorting half-sieve plates 114 into a screening plate with different sieve slot widths, so as to classify the sizes of the apples that meet the maturity requirements. When classifying the sizes of the apples, it should be noted that when using the screening plate, the sieve slot width needs to ensure that the apples are screened from large to small.

[0040] An auxiliary component is also arranged on the bottom plate 101. The auxiliary component includes an auxiliary sliding seat 102. A plurality of storage boxes 103 are placed on both sides of the auxiliary sliding seat 102. The storage boxes 103 are used to store apples of different specifications after sorting. The auxiliary sliding seat 102 is slidably installed on the bottom plate 101. An auxiliary lead screw 104 is rotatably installed on the bottom plate 101. The auxiliary sliding seat 102 and the auxiliary lead screw 104 form a screw pair. An auxiliary motor 105 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 101. The output shaft of the auxiliary motor 105 is fixedly connected to the auxiliary lead screw 104. Drying machines 112 are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate 101. The drying machines 112 are used to dry the apples conveyed by the conveying group 108. The drying machines 112 are fixedly connected to the mountain surfaces of the shielding plates 111.

[0041] Working principle: Put the apples to be sorted into the water in the flotation tank 106. The apples with high maturity are located in the upper area of the water, and the apples with low maturity are located in the lower area of the water. Then start the switching motor 132 to drive the switching slide plate 134 to move, that is, make the two sorting side boxes 107 move synchronously, and then make the sorting slide plate 121 corresponding to the sorting half-sieve plate 114 with the required sieve slot width engage with the cross push plate 123. Then start the double-headed positioning motor 124 to make the two positioning slide seats 117 move towards each other, and then make the two sorting half-sieve plates 114 with the required sieve slot width move towards each other. Finally, make the end faces of the two sorting half-sieve plates 114 that are closest to each other engage, that is, the two sorting half-sieve plates 114 form a complete screening plate. Start the auxiliary motor 105 to drive the auxiliary lead screw 104 to rotate, that is, make the auxiliary sliding seat 102 rotate relative to the bottom plate 101, and then make the storage box 103 corresponding to the apples of this size on the auxiliary sliding seat 102 move to the end of the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108.

[0042] And at this time, the joint long rod 118 is joined with the through holes on the corresponding partition slide plate 115. Then, the upward movement motor 130 is started to drive the sorting carriage 120 to move upward, and the screening plates formed by the two sorting half-screen plates 114 move upward synchronously. The apples that conform to the screening plates move upward synchronously under the action of the screening plates. Finally, the screening plates are joined with the fruit outlet trough plate 109, and the apples on the screening plates fall onto the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108 along the fruit outlet trough plate 109. At the same time, the conveying motor 110 is started to drive the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108 to rotate. Under the action of the baffle plate 111, it is prevented that the apples fall from the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108. Under the action of the dryer 112, the apples are dried. Finally, under the action of the conveying group 108, the apples of this size fall into the storage box 103 for storing the apples of this size.

[0043] Repeat the above steps, so that the screening plates with different sieve slot widths screen the apples, and then the apples of different sizes are respectively stored in the corresponding storage boxes 103. When the storage box 103 is full, take away the storage box 103 and replace it with a new storage box 103.

[0044] After the screening of the apples that meet the requirements in the upper area of the water in the flotation tank 106 is completed, the displacement motor 128 is started to drive the displacement lead screw 127 to rotate, that is, the cleaning screen plate 113 and the U-shaped slide plate 116 move upward synchronously. Under the action of the cleaning screen plate 113, the apples that do not meet the requirements remaining in the flotation tank 106 move upward. Finally, this part of the apples falls onto the conveying group 108 along the fruit outlet trough plate 109. Under the action of the conveying group 108, this part of the apples is stored in the corresponding storage box 103. When it is necessary to replace the water in the flotation tank 106, just open the solenoid valve 129.

[0045] The present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various changes starting from the above concepts without creative labor, and all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apple screening and sorting device, comprising a bottom plate (101), characterized in that: The bottom plate (101) is provided with a flotation assembly, the flotation assembly includes a flotation tank (106), and the flotation tank (106) is symmetrically provided with a sorting assembly, each of the sorting assemblies includes a sorting side box (107), each of the sorting side boxes (107) is slidably mounted on the flotation tank (106), and each of the sorting side boxes (107) is slidably mounted with a plurality of sorting slides (121), and each of the ends of the sorting slides (121) closest to the flotation tank (106) is fixedly mounted with a sorting half-sieve plate (114), the sieve slot widths of the sorting half-sieve plates (114) in the same sorting assembly are different from each other, and two opposite sorting half-sieve plates (114) with equal sieve slot widths form a complete screening plate when joined, and a partition slide (115) is provided between the sorting assembly and the flotation tank (106), and the partition slide (115) is used to prevent apples in the flotation tank (106) from entering the sorting side box (107); An auxiliary component is also provided on the bottom plate (101), the auxiliary component comprising an auxiliary slide (102) and a conveying group (108), a plurality of storage frames (103) are placed on both sides of the auxiliary slide (102), the conveying group (108) is used to convey the sorted apples, and the storage frames (103) are used to store the sorted apples; A sorting slide (120) is slidably mounted on the bottom plate (101), an upward moving screw rod (131) is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate (101), the sorting slide (120) and the upward moving screw rod (131) form a spiral pair, a switching slide plate (134) is fixedly arranged between the two sorting side boxes (107), the switching slide plate (134) is slidably mounted on the sorting slide (120), a switching screw rod (133) is rotatably mounted on the sorting slide (120), and the switching screw rod (133) and the switching slide plate (134) form a spiral pair; The sorting slide (120) is symmetrically slidably mounted with a position adjustment slide (117), and the sorting slide (120) is symmetrically rotatably mounted with a position adjustment screw (119), the position adjustment slide (117) and the corresponding position adjustment screw (119) form a spiral pair, and a cross push plate (123) is fixedly mounted on the end of the position adjustment slide (117) farthest from the axis of the position adjustment screw (119), and a slide groove cooperating with the cross push plate (123) is arranged on the sorting slide plate (121); Cross limit plates (122) are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the sorting slide (120); a cross push plate (123) is located between two corresponding cross limit plates (122); the projections of the two cross limit plates (122) and the corresponding cross push plates (123) on the same side of the sorting slide (120) relative to the lower surface of the bottom plate (101) overlap; and the distance between the two cross limit plates (122) on the same side of the sorting slide (120) is equal to the thickness of the cross push plate (123); The partition slides (115) are slidably matched with the flotation tank (106); a clearance gap (125) exists between the surface of the partition slide (115) closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate (101) and the flotation tank (106); the clearance gap (125) between the surface of the partition slide (115) closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate (101) and the flotation tank (106) is equal to the thickness of the sorting half-sieve plate (114); two engaging long rods (118) are fixedly provided on the position adjustment slide (117); and two through holes engaging with the engaging long rods (118) are provided on the partition slide (115).

2. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flotation tank (106) is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate (101); a solenoid valve (129) is fixedly disposed at the lower end of the flotation tank (106); the flotation of the apples is achieved through the buoyancy of water in the flotation tank (106) on the apples; and a fruit outlet trough plate (109) is fixedly disposed at a position on the flotation tank (106) closest to the conveying group (108).

3. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A U-shaped slide plate (116) is slidably mounted on the flotation tank (106); a cleaning screen plate (113) is fixedly mounted on the end of the U-shaped slide plate (116) located inside the flotation tank (106); the cleaning screen plate (113) and the flotation tank (106) are slidably matched; the cleaning screen plate (113) is used to clean unqualified apples in the flotation tank (106); a shift screw rod (127) is rotatably mounted on the outside of the flotation tank (106); the shift screw rod (127) and the end of the U-shaped slide plate (116) located outside the flotation tank (106) form a spiral pair.

4. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate (113) is parallel to the inner surface of the fruit outlet trough plate (109); the upper surface of the sorting half sieve plate (114) is parallel to the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate (113); and shielding plates (111) are symmetrically fixedly provided on the bottom plate (101); the shielding plates (111) are used to prevent apples from falling from the conveying group (108).

5. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A dryer (112) is symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate (101), and the dryer (112) is used to dry the apples transported by the transport group (108). The auxiliary slide (102) is slidably mounted on the bottom plate (101), and an auxiliary screw rod (104) is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate (101). The auxiliary slide (102) and the auxiliary screw rod (104) form a spiral pair.

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