Regional habitat ecological network construction method coupling natural environment and man-made interference

Abstract

The invention discloses a regional habitat ecological network construction method coupling natural environment and man-made interference, belongs to the technical field of ecological protection planning and spatial analysis, and relates to a regional habitat ecological network construction method. The invention aims to solve the problem that the interaction defect of natural and human factors is not considered from the perspective of habitat characteristics and species behaviors in the existing habitat ecological network construction technology. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a habitat ecological network index system coupled with natural and human interference factors, and totally selecting 11 factors; extracting a multi-factor composite ecological source land; forming a species migration comprehensive resistance surface; and according to the multi-factor composite ecological source land and the species migration comprehensive resistance surface, generating an ecological corridor, identifying ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points, and constructing a habitat ecological network. The method solves the problem that a habitat ecological network is neglected due to the common influence of natural environment change and man-made interference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological protection planning and spatial analysis, and specifically relates to a method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network. Background Art

[0002] Natural environmental changes (climate warming, drought, etc.) and human interference (urban and agricultural expansion, pollution emissions, landscape fragmentation, etc.) have caused the continuous degradation of species' suitable habitats, changes in species' reproductive strategies and migration routes, and affected the structural composition and functional resilience of habitat ecological networks, posing a huge threat to species diversity and sustainable development of ecosystems. Scientifically constructing habitat ecological networks is an effective way to maintain ecological stability, maintain ecological integrity, and improve ecosystem functions. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively consider the impact of natural environment and human interference in constructing habitat ecological networks.

[0003] At present, the construction of ecological network has formed a general paradigm of "ecological source-comprehensive resistance surface-ecological network". The existing construction methods are mainly based on the supply status of ecosystem services, morphological spatial pattern analysis, minimum cost distance model and other single methods or multiple methods superposition to construct ecological network, focusing on the connection relationship of spatial structural elements of natural environment (ecological patches such as green space and water body), ignoring the characteristic elements of habitat itself, and its interaction with natural environment change and human disturbance, as well as the impact on ecological network. Although some scholars have introduced factors such as land use change, transportation network and pollution as resistance factors to improve the migration cost of species, they have not fully considered the habitat as the breeding ground, foraging ground, migration departure point and destination of species, which is affected by the comprehensive impact of natural environment change and human disturbance. Therefore, they have not effectively integrated the two in the context of comprehensive consideration of multiple ecological and human factors, and lack of systematic integrated methods to construct regional habitat ecological network coupled with natural environment and human disturbance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the existing habitat ecological network construction technology does not consider the interaction between natural and human factors from the perspective of habitat characteristics and species behavior, and to provide a method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network that couples the natural environment and human interference.

[0005] The method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network that couples natural environment and human disturbance is as follows:

[0006] S1. Construct a habitat ecological network indicator system that couples natural environment and human interference factors, integrate natural environment factors and human interference factors, and select a total of 11 factors, which are vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, growing season drought index, land use, protected area planning, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies;

[0007] The natural environmental factors include climate, topography, and vegetation;

[0008] The human interference factors include land use and ecological protection policies;

[0009] S2. Extract multi-factor complex ecological source areas from the perspectives of habitat area, habitat structure, habitat quality, habitat sensitivity and habitat protection planning;

[0010] S3. Construct a single factor resistance surface from six factors: land use, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies, and form a comprehensive resistance surface for species migration;

[0011] S4. Generate ecological corridors, identify ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points, and construct habitat ecological networks based on the multi-factor complex ecological source and species migration comprehensive resistance surface.

[0012] Step S1 constructs a habitat ecological network indicator system that couples the natural environment and human disturbance, comprehensively considering natural environmental factors such as climate, topography, and vegetation, and human disturbance factors such as land use and ecological protection policies, so that the habitat ecological network can fully consider the complex interactions between ecological elements and human activities in the regional habitat. The system conducts a coupling analysis of natural environmental factors and human disturbance factors, aiming to identify habitat areas with key ecological functions in the habitat ecological network, and accurately reflect the behavioral paths of species affected by natural environmental changes and human disturbance during migration.

[0013] Step S2 calculates the habitat quality, ecological sensitivity, and spatial layout of the landscape structure of the habitat area based on the coupling system of natural and human interference factors, from the perspectives of habitat area, habitat structure, habitat quality, habitat sensitivity, and habitat protection planning, based on vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, growing season drought index, land use, and protected area planning data. It selects high habitat quality, high ecological sensitivity, and landscape core areas, overlays protected area planning data, screens areas according to the activity range of species, extracts important habitats, and forms a multi-factor composite ecological source.

[0014] Step S3 constructs a comprehensive resistance surface for species migration based on the coupling system of natural and human interference factors, and accurately evaluates the difficulty of species migration in the habitat ecological network by quantifying the degree of resistance of different natural and human interference factors to species migration. Six factors, namely land use, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies, are selected to obtain topographic changes, land use types, road injury risks, and pollution emission risks in the areas where species migrate, and evaluate the comprehensive resistance to species migration.

[0015] Step S4 is based on the multi-factor composite ecological source and the comprehensive resistance surface of species migration. According to the adjacent ecological source, the network adjacency method is used to calculate the weighted cost distance and the minimum cost path, and the weighted cost distance threshold is set according to the migration capacity of different species to construct an ecological corridor that conforms to the species migration situation. The minimum cost corridor method and circuit theory are mixed to determine the important connectivity areas that need to be protected first and identify the key ecological pinch points on the ecological corridor. The moving window analysis method is used to set the search radius parameters for mobile obstacle detection, and the maximum improvement score is calculated to identify ecological obstacle points with high restoration value on the ecological corridor.

[0016] The present invention proposes a method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network, which innovatively couples natural environmental changes with human disturbance factors, comprehensively considers the impact of their interaction on the habitat matrix, species migration process and habitat ecological network, and provides a more scientific and comprehensive decision-making support tool in terms of protecting biodiversity, mitigating habitat degradation and responding to human disturbance.

[0017] This method comprehensively considers the impact of the interaction between natural environmental changes and human disturbance on habitat matrix, species migration process and ecological network, and constructs a regional habitat ecological network with the comprehensive influence of multiple factors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a result map of the comprehensive resistance surface of multi-factor complex ecological source and species migration coupled with natural environment and human interference;

[0020] Figure 3 This is the result diagram of constructing the regional habitat ecological network in Experiment 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation modes listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific implementation modes.

[0022] Specific implementation method 1: The method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network coupled with natural environment and human interference described in this implementation method is as follows:

[0023] S1. Construct a habitat ecological network indicator system that couples natural environment and human interference factors, integrate natural environment factors and human interference factors, and select a total of 11 factors, which are vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, growing season drought index, land use, protected area planning, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies;

[0024] The natural environmental factors include climate, topography, and vegetation;

[0025] The human interference factors include land use and ecological protection policies;

[0026] S2. Extract multi-factor complex ecological source areas from the perspectives of habitat area, habitat structure, habitat quality, habitat sensitivity and habitat protection planning;

[0027] S3. Construct a single factor resistance surface from six factors: land use, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies, and form a comprehensive resistance surface for species migration;

[0028] S4. Generate ecological corridors, identify ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points, and construct habitat ecological networks based on the multi-factor complex ecological source and species migration comprehensive resistance surface.

[0029] Specific implementation method 2: The difference between this implementation method and specific implementation method 1 is that step S2 calculates the habitat quality, ecological sensitivity, landscape structure spatial layout or other habitat characteristic parameters and results of the habitat area from the perspective of habitat area, habitat structure, habitat quality, habitat sensitivity and habitat protection planning or other habitat characteristics, based on vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, growing season drought index, land use and protected area planning data or other data reflecting habitat conditions, selects high habitat quality, high ecological sensitivity, and landscape core areas, screens areas according to the activity range of species, extracts important habitats, and superimposes protected area planning data to form a multi-factor composite ecological source. The rest is the same as specific implementation method 1.

[0030] Specific implementation method three: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method one or two in that step S3 selects six factors, namely, land use, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads and distance from water bodies, or other natural environmental factors and human interference factors, to obtain topographic changes, land use types, road injury risks and pollution emission risks in the passage areas during species migration, and evaluate the comprehensive resistance to species migration. The rest is the same as specific implementation method one or two.

[0031] Specific implementation method four: This implementation method is different from specific implementation methods one to three in that step S4 is based on a multi-factor composite ecological source and a comprehensive resistance surface for species migration. According to adjacent ecological sources, the network adjacency method is used to calculate the weighted cost distance and the minimum cost path, and the weighted cost distance threshold is set according to the migration capacity of different species. An ecological corridor that conforms to the species migration situation is constructed, and the minimum cost corridor method and circuit theory are mixed to determine important connectivity areas that need priority protection, identify key ecological pinch points on the ecological corridor, and use a moving window analysis method to set mobile obstacle detection parameters. The minimum search radius, maximum search radius, and step increment threshold are set according to species behavior characteristics, and the maximum improvement score is calculated to identify ecological obstacle points with high restoration value on the ecological corridor. The weighted cost distance threshold and search radius parameters can be determined according to actual needs. The rest is the same as specific implementation methods one to three.

[0032] The following experiments were used to verify the effect of the present invention:

[0033] Experiment 1:

[0034] Taking the construction scheme of the habitat ecological network of Songnen Plain as an example, based on the habitat characteristics and species behavior characteristics of the region, considering multiple natural environmental factors and human interference factors, the construction method of the regional habitat ecological network coupling natural environment and human interference is as follows:

[0035] S1. Construct a habitat ecological network indicator system that couples natural environment and human interference factors, integrate natural environment factors and human interference factors, and select a total of 11 factors, which are vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, growing season drought index, land use, protected area planning, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies;

[0036] The natural environmental factors include climate, topography, and vegetation;

[0037] The human interference factors include land use and ecological protection policies;

[0038] S2. Extract multi-factor complex ecological source areas from the perspectives of habitat area, habitat structure, habitat quality, habitat sensitivity and habitat protection planning;

[0039] S3. Construct a single factor resistance surface from six factors: land use, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies, and form a comprehensive resistance surface for species migration;

[0040] S4. Generate ecological corridors, identify ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points, and construct habitat ecological networks based on the multi-factor complex ecological source and species migration comprehensive resistance surface.

[0041] Step S1 constructs a habitat ecological network indicator system that couples natural and human disturbance factors, taking into account natural environmental factors such as climate, topography, and vegetation, and human disturbance factors such as land use and ecological protection policies, to ensure that the habitat ecological network can fully reflect the complex interactions between ecological elements and human activities in the region. The system conducts a coupling analysis of natural environmental factors and human disturbance factors, aiming to identify habitat areas with key ecological functions in the habitat ecological network, and accurately reflect the behavioral paths of species affected by natural environmental changes and human disturbances during migration.

[0042] (1) Select human disturbance factors: Human disturbance factors include land use, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, distance from water bodies, and protected area planning. These factors represent direct human activities that interfere with habitats:

[0043] 1) Land use: The acquired land use data are reclassified into: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland, construction land and unused land. The land use type directly affects the structure and function of habitat patches. The expansion of cultivated land caused by deforestation and lake reclamation usually comes at the expense of the biodiversity of natural habitats such as forests and wetlands, while providing foraging places for some species. Urban development brings a large demand for construction land, resulting in habitat fragmentation or even loss, blocking the migration and reproduction channels between species, reducing biodiversity, and affecting the stability of the habitat ecological network.

[0044] 2) Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution: Identify the sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in habitat areas. Pollutants from agricultural runoff and urban sewage cause eutrophication of water bodies, affecting water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Assessing nitrogen and phosphorus pollution levels helps understand the negative impacts of human agricultural and industrial activities on the ecological environment of water bodies and develop corresponding pollution control strategies.

[0045] 3) Distance from roads: Calculate the distance between each location in the habitat area and the nearest road. This factor helps to identify core ecological areas that are less disturbed by roads and protect species migration corridors. Road construction and operation form traffic barriers, causing habitat fragmentation, so that species in some habitats can only or mainly breed through inbreeding, reducing the level of biodiversity and increasing the risk of casualties when species cross roads. Use GIS tools to generate distance raster maps of road impacts.

[0046] 4) Distance to water bodies: Assess the distance from each location in the habitat area to the nearest river, lake or wetland. Water bodies are key resources for the survival and reproduction of many species. Water bodies are important for many species, and corresponding distance grid maps are generated to reflect the accessibility of these water bodies.

[0047] 5) Protected area planning: The implementation of ecological protection policies and the demarcation of nature reserves have restricted human development and construction activities, reduced the intensity of human interference, focused on protecting key habitats for rare and endangered species, and provided an important place for the free flow of species within a certain range.

[0048] (2) Select natural environmental factors: Natural environmental factors include temperature, precipitation, elevation, slope, vegetation coverage and growing season drought index. These factors together determine the basic conditions and evolution trends of the regional ecosystem:

[0049] 1) Temperature: Collect climate data and map the spatial distribution of annual average temperature. Temperature affects vegetation growth cycles, species distribution, and ecosystem productivity. Extreme temperature events (such as heat waves or cold snaps) can also have a significant impact on species survival and reproduction.

[0050] 2) Precipitation: Collect and analyze annual precipitation data and draw an annual average precipitation distribution map to reflect the water resource status in the region. Precipitation determines the water supply of the habitat area and is an important factor affecting vegetation type and ecosystem function. Drought or heavy rain extreme precipitation events will put pressure on species survival and change species migration behavior.

[0051] 3) Elevation: Use digital elevation model (DEM) to represent the topographic features of the area. Elevation affects climate conditions and vegetation distribution and is an important factor in habitat suitability.

[0052] 4) Slope: The slope within the habitat area is calculated based on the elevation model (DEM) data. The slope will affect the light intensity, vegetation growth and the distribution of species survival resources, and limit the migration path of specific species.

[0053] 5) Vegetation coverage: The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used to assess vegetation coverage and vegetation health, which is an important indicator for measuring habitat quality.

[0054] 6) Growing season drought index: The non-stationary standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (NSPEI) during the growing season (May-August) is used to represent the occurrence of extreme climate, reflect the impact of climate change on the balance of water supply and demand, and evaluate its impact on the stability of the habitat ecological network.

[0055] The system aims to identify multi-factor complex ecological source areas that are affected by the combined effects of natural environment and human interference factors, that is, key areas that still maintain important habitat functions under multiple influences, and construct a comprehensive resistance surface for species migration based on the actual difficulty of species movement.

[0056] Through the coupled analysis of natural environment and human disturbance factors, it is possible to more accurately identify areas that are critical to the connectivity and stability of the habitat ecological network, visualize restricted and unobstructed areas during species migration, and thus provide a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of regional habitats. The identification of these key areas is of great significance for maintaining the overall health of the ecosystem, promoting species migration, and adapting to climate change and human disturbance.

[0057] Step S2 calculates the habitat quality, ecological sensitivity, and spatial layout of the landscape structure of the habitat area based on the coupling system of natural and human interference factors, from the perspectives of habitat area, habitat structure, habitat quality, habitat sensitivity, and habitat protection planning, based on vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, growing season drought index, land use, and protected area planning data. It selects high habitat quality, high ecological sensitivity, and landscape core areas, overlays protected area planning data, screens areas according to the activity range of species, extracts important habitats, and forms a multi-factor composite ecological source.

[0058] (1) Habitat quality:

[0059] Habitat quality reflects the ability of a habitat to provide species with the conditions they need for long-term survival and development, and is affected by both natural factors and human activities. Taking into account the suitability of the habitat type itself, the distance of impact of factors threatening habitat quality, spatial weights, and the restrictions of relevant ecological protection regulations (see Tables 1 and 2), the quality of the habitat is determined through three indicators: the ecological quality index, the ecological degration index, and the ecological rarity index, as well as the recovery capacity of biodiversity.

[0060] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Where: Q xj represents the habitat quality of pixel x on land cover type j; H j is the habitat suitability of type j land cover;

[0063] Table 1 Threat factor parameters

[0064]

[0065] Table 2 Habitat suitability and sensitivity to threat factors of each land use type

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] (2) Ecological sensitivity:

[0069] Habitat ecological sensitivity is the degree to which important habitats reflect human disturbance and natural changes. It explains the difficulty and possibility of functional degradation of habitats, and reflects the response of habitats to climate change and human activities. According to the importance of different habitat types to species survival and the extent to which they are affected by temperature, precipitation and extreme climate in the growing season, sensitivity is assigned. The assignment level is divided into five levels (1, 3, 5, 7, 9), and they are superimposed according to weights to obtain the ecological sensitivity results of habitats. Areas with high sensitivity represent important habitats that are susceptible to natural ecological changes and human disturbance. The ecological sensitivity assignment levels and weights of different natural and human factors are shown in Table 3.

[0070] Table 3 Habitat ecological sensitivity assignment table

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] (3) Landscape core area:

[0074] The habitat is composed of core areas, connecting bridges, edge areas, branches, roundabouts, isolated islands, and pores (Table 4). The core area of ​​the landscape is an ecological patch that maintains the biodiversity of the habitat and plays an important role in the construction of the habitat ecological network. Based on the mathematical morphological principles of erosion, expansion, opening operation, and closing operation, the spatial morphology of the regional habitat types is measured, selected, and segmented to extract the precise landscape structure and its spatial distribution.

[0075] Important habitats were set as ecological data, other areas as background data, foreground connectivity and edge width parameters were set, and the eight-neighborhood analysis method was used for feature identification to obtain the spatial distribution of each landscape type and extract the distribution range of the "core area" of the habitat landscape. Paddy fields, high-coverage grasslands with forests, rivers, canals, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, tidal flats and beaches were used as habitat patches, and other land use types were used as background data. The habitat connectivity threshold was set to 4 and the edge width was set to 3 to extract the core area of ​​the landscape.

[0076] Table 4 Landscape types and their ecological implications

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] The habitat quality results were divided into five levels: low habitat quality (0-0.2), relatively low habitat quality (0.2-0.4), medium habitat quality (0.4-0.6), relatively high habitat quality (0.6-0.8), and high habitat quality (0.8-1). The ecological sensitivity results were divided into five levels: low sensitivity (1), relatively low sensitivity (3), medium sensitivity (5), relatively high sensitivity (7), and high sensitivity (9). High habitat quality (0.8-1), relatively high and high sensitivity (7 and 9), and habitat key core areas larger than 100km were selected. 2 The patches are taken as potential habitat sources, and the data of ecological protection areas are superimposed to obtain multi-factor complex ecological sources.

[0080] Step S3 constructs a comprehensive resistance surface for species migration based on the coupling system of natural and human interference factors. By quantifying the degree of resistance of different natural and human factors to species migration, the difficulty of species migration in the habitat ecological network is accurately evaluated. Six factors, namely land use, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads and distance from water bodies, are selected to obtain the topographic changes, land use types, road injury risks and pollution emission risks in the passage areas during species migration, and evaluate the comprehensive resistance to species migration. The specific parameters are shown in Table 5:

[0081] (1) Land use: Different types of land use (such as cultivated land, forest, and construction land) have different resistances to species migration. Construction land has a greater resistance to species migration due to frequent human activities, while forest land and wetlands have less resistance.

[0082] (2) Altitude: High altitude areas may pose migration barriers to most species.

[0083] (3) Slope: Steep slopes may increase the difficulty of species migration, especially under extreme slope conditions, the cost of species migration increases significantly.

[0084] (4) Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution: Severely polluted areas may lead to a decline in habitat quality and interference with species migration. The natural breakpoint method is used to assign larger resistance values ​​to areas with higher pollution levels.

[0085] (5) Distance from roads: Roads are an important barrier to species migration. The closer an area is to a road, the greater the resistance a species faces.

[0086] (6) Distance from water bodies: Some species are dependent on water bodies, so areas farther from water bodies may pose a certain resistance and be assigned a larger value.

[0087] Table 5 Comprehensive resistance surface parameters

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Step S4 is based on the multi-factor composite ecological source and the comprehensive resistance surface of species migration. According to the adjacent ecological source, the network adjacency method is used to calculate the weighted cost distance and the minimum cost path, and the weighted cost distance threshold is set according to the migration capacity of different species to construct an ecological corridor that conforms to the species migration situation. The minimum cost corridor method and circuit theory are mixed to determine the important connectivity areas that need priority protection and identify the key ecological pinch points on the ecological corridor. The moving window analysis method is used to set the search radius parameters for mobile obstacle detection, and the maximum improvement score is calculated to identify ecological obstacle points with high restoration value on the ecological corridor.

[0091] (1) Ecological corridors:

[0092] Adjacent ecological sources were determined, and the network adjacency method was used to construct ecological corridors between adjacent ecological sources in space using Euclidean distance and cost-weighted distance to evaluate the connectivity between habitats. Cost-weighted distance is calculated by considering the degree of obstruction to biological movement caused by terrain, land use type and other environmental factors, which can better reflect the difficulty of biological movement in the actual environment, such as complex terrain and areas with significant land use changes (mixed landscapes of forests, cities and farmlands); Euclidean distance is calculated based on the straight-line distance between habitats, without considering any obstacles in the middle, and is suitable for situations where terrain and environmental obstacles have little effect on biological movement, such as open plains or the movement of aquatic organisms in open waters. Combining the two methods can be applied to the actual conditions of different habitats, and the cost raster is calculated to represent the degree of obstruction of biological movement for each pixel. The total cost of species moving between two habitats is calculated by accumulating the cost value of each grid unit. A weighted cost distance threshold is set according to the migration capacity of different species. Corridors exceeding this threshold are considered to be too costly or too far away and are unlikely to be actually used by organisms. Based on the length of migration corridors for amphibians (0.5-5km), small and medium-sized mammals (5-20km) and birds (100-1000km) and the area of ​​regional habitats, ecological corridors with different threshold parameters (20km, 40km, 50km, 60km, 70km) are constructed. Finally, 70km is selected as the cost-weighted distance threshold for ecological corridor construction to ensure that all corridors in the habitat ecological network are within the reasonable movement range of species, making the habitat ecological network biologically and geographically feasible.

[0093] (2) Ecological pinch point:

[0094] Based on the constructed ecological corridors, the habitat pattern is abstracted as a conductive surface in the process of ecological pinch point identification. The organisms are wanderers. The landscape types that are conducive to the migration of organisms are given lower resistance values, while the types that hinder the migration of organisms are given higher resistance values. When the resistance value of a habitat is small, its current density is large, that is, the possibility of organisms flowing through this area during migration is high or extremely frequent, or such areas are the only way for organisms to flow, and there is no other alternative path. If the pinch point is removed or destroyed, it will have a great impact on the stability of the habitat ecological network. Such areas are ecological pinch point areas. Combining the minimum cost corridor method and circuit theory, key ecological pinch points are identified. Compared with areas with low connectivity, these areas can be given priority in ecological protection and management. The current is run through each corridor connecting adjacent habitats, and the cost-weighted cutoff distance threshold (CWD cutoff distance) is set as the corridor width. The current is limited to the area below the threshold in each corridor, so that the current value is embedded in all corridors, that is, the ecological pinch point areas on corridors of different widths are identified. According to the length of the constructed migration corridor (70 km) and the area range of the regional habitat, ecological pinch points with different threshold parameters (10 km, 30 km, and 60 km) were selected, and 30 km was selected as the cost-weighted cutoff distance threshold for ecological pinch point identification.

[0095] (3) Ecological obstacles:

[0096] Ecological barriers affect the quality and / or location of ecological corridors. During the identification of ecological barriers, the maximum improvement score is calculated. The larger the value, the greater the value of repairing such areas. The maximum improvement score of the habitat is displayed in the ecological corridor. When the score is higher, the restoration of this area will contribute more to the overall landscape connectivity of the habitat. This model aims to find the barrier points that affect the operation of ecological flows in the regional habitat, and enhance the landscape connectivity in the regional habitat by repairing the barrier points. The moving window analysis method is used to set the search radius of the moving barrier detection to calculate the improvement score. The minimum search radius is half of the minimum length of the recoverable area and should be greater than or equal to the resistance surface grid cell size. If the radius is close to the cell size, the improvement score may be exaggerated due to rounding errors; the maximum search radius is half of the maximum length of the recoverable area; the radius step is the radius increment of each progressive window size, and the difference between the minimum radius and the maximum radius should be divisible by this value. Taking into account the distance of species migration and diffusion and combining regional habitat characteristics, we set 200 m as the minimum search radius, 1000 m as the maximum search radius, and 200 m as the step increment to identify ecological barrier points with high restoration value.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network that couples natural environment and human disturbance, characterized by The method for constructing the regional habitat ecological network coupling the natural environment and human disturbance is as follows: S1. Construct a habitat ecological network indicator system that couples natural environment and human interference factors, integrate natural environment factors and human interference factors, and select a total of 11 factors, which are vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, growing season drought index, land use, protected area planning, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies; The natural environmental factors include climate, topography, and vegetation; The human interference factors include land use and ecological protection policies; S2. Extract multi-factor complex ecological source areas from the perspectives of habitat area, habitat structure, habitat quality, habitat sensitivity and habitat protection planning; S3. Construct a single factor resistance surface from six factors: land use, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads, and distance from water bodies, and form a comprehensive resistance surface for species migration; S4. Generate ecological corridors, identify ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points, and construct habitat ecological networks based on the multi-factor complex ecological source and species migration comprehensive resistance surface.

2. The method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network coupling natural environment and human disturbance according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S2 calculates the habitat quality, ecological sensitivity, spatial layout of landscape structure or other habitat characteristic parameters and results of the habitat area from the perspective of habitat area, habitat structure, habitat quality, habitat sensitivity and habitat protection planning or other habitat characteristics, based on vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, growing season drought index, land use and protected area planning data or other data reflecting the habitat conditions, selects high habitat quality, high ecological sensitivity, and landscape core areas, screens the area according to the activity range of species, extracts important habitats, and superimposes the protected area planning data to form a multi-factor composite ecological source.

3. The method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network coupling natural environment and human disturbance according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S3 selects six factors, namely, land use, elevation, slope, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, distance from roads and distance from water bodies, or other natural environmental factors and human interference factors, to obtain topographic changes, land use types, road injury risks and pollution emission risks in the passage areas during species migration, and evaluate the comprehensive resistance to species migration.

4. The method for constructing a regional habitat ecological network coupling natural environment and human disturbance according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S4 is based on the multi-factor composite ecological source and species migration comprehensive resistance surface. According to the adjacent ecological source, the network adjacency method is used to calculate the weighted cost distance and the minimum cost path. The weighted cost distance threshold is set according to the migration ability of different species. The threshold can be determined according to actual needs. An ecological corridor that conforms to the species migration situation is constructed. The minimum cost corridor method and circuit theory are mixed to determine the important connectivity areas that need priority protection, identify the key ecological pinch points on the ecological corridor, use the moving window analysis method, set the mobile obstacle detection parameters, set the minimum search radius, maximum search radius and step increment threshold according to the species behavior characteristics, the threshold can be determined according to actual needs, and calculate the maximum improvement score to identify the ecological obstacle points with high restoration value on the ecological corridor.

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