Risk assessment method for human health caused by heavy metal particles carried by atmosphere PM2.5

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of risk assessment, and discloses a method for assessing the risk of heavy metal particles carried by atmospheric PM2.5 on human health. According to the method, through atmospheric PM 2.5-M environment detection, a PM 2.5-M bio-accessibility index and a PM 2.5-M relative bio-availability index are established, and the bio-visibility and the relative bio-availability index of parameters such as PM 2.5-M environment content, metal types and compound types are considered and combined, so that a non-carcinogenic risk quotient risk assessment model aiming at PM 2.5-M characteristics is improved and established; risk assessment can be carried out on water-insoluble, water-insoluble and water-soluble heavy metal particles carried by atmosphere PM2.5.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of risk assessment and specifically relates to an atmospheric PM 2.5 Method for assessing the health risks of particles carrying heavy metals. Background Art

[0002] Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution is one of the global hot environmental issues. 2.5 With unique physical and chemical properties, it is an ideal carrier for the diffusion of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and nickel. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM 2.5 People in the environment are very likely to accumulate PM in their lung tissues. 2.5 Heavy metal particulate matter (PM 2.5 -M). Heavy metals accumulated in the body are not only toxic, but may also induce a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. 2.5 -M has the characteristics of diverse species, rich content, and bioabsorbability, and its potential threat to human health is more serious.

[0003] The bioaccessibility (BA) of heavy metals refers to the ease with which heavy metals are absorbed and utilized by organisms, while the relative bioavailability (RBA) of heavy metals refers to the ratio of the bioavailability of heavy metals to that of soluble reference substances under the same exposure pathway. 2.5 There are two main limitations in the health risk assessment of heavy metal inhalation: First, the environmental concentration is directly used as the key parameter, while PM 2.5 -M particles can only partially dissolve and participate in the body circulation after being deposited in the respiratory tract; secondly, they only focus on bioavailability and do not fully consider the impact of changes in heavy metal forms on the body's absorption efficiency, which increases the uncertainty of the assessment model. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a method for atmospheric PM 2.5 -M-characteristic inhalation exposure health risk assessment method, more comprehensive and accurate quantification of PM 2.5 -M's degree of harm to organisms after inhalation exposure provides a solid basis for formulating effective environmental protection policies and health intervention measures. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the problems existing in the above background technology, the present invention provides an atmospheric PM 2.5 A method for assessing the health risks of particles carrying heavy metals to humans based on PM 2.5 -M content in the environment, combined with different types of PM 2.5-M bioaccessibility in human lung fluid for various compound types, taking into account poorly soluble PM 2.5 -M relative bioavailability to “atmospheric PM 2.5 -M Environmental testing, PM 2.5 -M Establishment of human bioaccessibility indicators, PM 2.5 -M relative bioavailability index establishment, PM 2.5 -M inhalation exposure health risk assessment" assessment procedure, for PM 2.5 -Evaluate the human health risks caused by PM 2.5 -M human health risks after inhalation exposure. Aims to establish a more comprehensive, true and accurate PM 2.5 -M human health risk assessment method provides a solid basis for formulating effective environmental protection policies and health intervention measures.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for assessing the health risks of heavy metal particles carried by atmospheric PM2.5 to human beings comprises the following specific steps:

[0007] S1. Atmospheric PM 2.5 -M environment detection:

[0008] (a) Collect and weigh atmospheric PM 2.5 -M sample, M is heavy metal particles, heavy metal particles M contained in the test sample i The ambient concentration C i , i is the heavy metal category, i = 1, 2...n, C i Normalized calculation to get M i The mass ratio D i ;

[0009] (b) Heavy metal particles M i The mass proportion of j kinds of compound E is ≥ 10% ij Perform normalized calculation, j = 1, 2...n, and get M i The mass ratio of the compound F ij ;

[0010] (c) PM 2.5 -M samples as PM 2.5 -M i Exposure, add saline to make PM 2.5 -M i Suspension;

[0011] S2. Establish PM 2.5 -MHuman bioaccessibility index:

[0012] (a) freeze-drying human lung lavage fluid to prepare lung lavage fluid powder, and re-dissolving it with pure water to prepare human lung fluid;

[0013] (b) PM 2.5 -M i The suspension was added to human lung fluid, incubated at 36-38°C with constant temperature shaking, and then centrifuged to obtain the supernatant and precipitated particles. The total amount of heavy metal ions in the supernatant was detected. i , calculate PM 2.5 -M i Human bioaccessibility index BA i , as shown in equations (1) and (2):

[0014]

[0015] M Ti =C i ×InhR human ×EF human ×ED human (2)

[0016] In the formula: BA i For PM 2.5 -M i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0017] IM i is the total amount of heavy metal ions in the supernatant, mg;

[0018] M Ti For PM 2.5 -M i The mass of each category of heavy metals before incubation, mg;

[0019] C i PM 2.5 -MHeavy metal particles in samples M i Environmental concentration, μg / m 3 ;

[0020] IhR human is the normal human respiratory rate, m 3 / d;

[0021] EF human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i frequency, d / w;

[0022] ED human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w;

[0023] S3. Establish PM 2.5-M Relative bioavailability index in mice

[0024] (a) will BA i <90%M i Classified as insoluble heavy metals ISM i , BAi ≥ 90% of M i Classified as soluble heavy metals SM i ;

[0025] (b) ISM for each heavy metal category i Compound E ij The standard sample is divided into the following proportions: ij Mix and ball-mill until the particle size is less than 2.5 μm, and add physiological saline to prepare a concentration of C i ISM i suspension, and prepare water-soluble WM with the same concentration i Solution;

[0026] (C) The mice were exposed to ISM by respiratory inhalation. i Suspension and water-soluble WM i Solution inhalation exposure, as shown in formula (3):

[0027]

[0028] Where: ADD ISMi The average daily inhaled ISM of mice i Exposure, mg / kg / d;

[0029] ADD WMi is the average daily WM inhalation of mice i Exposure, mg / kg / d;

[0030] PM 2.5 -ISM in M ​​samples i Concentration, μg / m 3 ;

[0031] IhR mouse is the respiratory rate of mice, m 3 / d;

[0032] EF mouse Inhalation of ISHM in mice i Frequency of exposure, d / w;

[0033] ED mouse Inhalation of ISHM in mice i Exposure period, w;

[0034] BW mouse is the average weight of mice, kg;

[0035] AT is ISHM inhaled by mice i Average exposure time, d;

[0036] (d) Monitor the M ion concentration in the mouse urine during the exposure period, and terminate the exposure when the M ion concentration reaches equilibrium. Detect and obtain ISM i Suspension and water-soluble WM i After solution exposure, the M accumulation concentration of tissues other than lung tissues of mice was Tissue (ISM i )k and Tissue(WM i )k, and blood heavy metal accumulation concentration Blood (ISM i ) and Blood(WM i ) ; Calculate ISM i Relative bioavailability index RBA T-i , as shown in equations (4)-(6):

[0037]

[0038] Where: RBA T-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index, %;

[0039] RBA Tissue-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index of mouse tissue k, %;

[0040] RBA Blood-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index of mouse blood, %;

[0041] Tissue(ISM i ) k and Blood (ISM i ) is the insoluble heavy metal ISM i After exposure, the concentrations of K in mouse tissues and M ions in blood, mg / kg and mg / mL;

[0042] Tissue(WM i )k and Blood(WM i ) is water-soluble WM i After exposure, the concentrations of K in mouse tissues and M ions in blood, mg / kg and mg / mL;

[0043] S4.PM 2.5 -M Health Risk Assessment of Human Inhalation Exposure

[0044] Based on atmospheric PM 2.5 -Mi The ambient concentration C i , Human lung fluid bioaccessibility BA i and ISM i Relative bioavailability RBA T-i , default soluble heavy metal SM i The relative bioavailability is 100%, and the human health risk assessment is performed as shown in formulas (7)-(8):

[0045]

[0046] Where: HQ is the non-carcinogenic risk quotient;

[0047] TDD i The average daily PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Total amount, mg / kg / d;

[0048] D i PM 2.5 -PM in M ​​samples 2.5 -M i Mass ratio, %;

[0049] BA il ISM i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0050] BA im Soluble heavy metals SM i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0051] RBA T-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index, %;

[0052] ω is the model correction factor;

[0053] Month fD is the reference dose for adverse reactions to inhalation, mg / kg / d;

[0054] IhR mouse is the respiratory rate of normal mice, m 3 / d;

[0055] IhR human is the normal human respiratory rate, m 3 / d;

[0056] ED mouse PM inhalation in mice 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w;

[0057] ED humanPM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w;

[0058] BW mouse is the average body weight of normal adult mice, kg;

[0059] BW human is the average weight of a normal adult, kg;

[0060] When HQ≤1, PM 2.5 -M does not have a cancer risk; when HQ>1, it is judged that PM 2.5 -M has a carcinogenic risk and will cause harm to human health.

[0061] Preferably, the heavy metal particles M in step S1(a) are lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, chromium or mercury.

[0062] Preferably, in step S2(b), the PM 2.5 -M i The ratio of the mass of the exposed object to the volume of human lung fluid is 1g: (4000~5000)mL; the conditions of constant temperature oscillation incubation are: temperature of 36~38℃, oscillation rate of 120~140rpm, incubation time of 24~48h, and centrifugation time of 10~15min.

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0064] 1. The present invention targets atmospheric PM 2.5 Carrying heavy metal characteristics, introducing different types of PM 2.5 Carrying heavy metals and combining with different types of PM 2.5 Establishment of bioaccessibility index of human lung fluid for various compounds carrying heavy metals, taking into account the poorly soluble PM 2.5 Relative bioavailability of PM carrying heavy metals 2.5 The human health risk assessment method of heavy metals is more comprehensive and accurate in quantifying PM2.5 than the single heavy metal risk assessment method based on toxicological effects. 2.5 -M The degree of harm to the human body after inhalation exposure.

[0065] 2. Atmospheric PM of the present invention 2.5 A method for assessing the human health risk of heavy metals in combination with PM 2.5 -M environmental content, metal type, compound type and other parameters of biovisibility and relative bioavailability indicators, in order to improve and establish the PM 2.5 -M characteristic non-carcinogenic risk quotient risk assessment model for atmospheric PM 2.5All types of water-insoluble, poorly water-soluble and water-soluble heavy metal particles can be risk assessed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for assessing the health risks of heavy metal particles carried by atmospheric PM2.5 to the human body according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The content of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but it should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If not specifically indicated, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] A type of atmospheric PM 2.5 Methods for assessing the health risks of particles carrying heavy metals, such as Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0070] 1. Atmospheric PM 2.5 -M environment detection:

[0071] (a) Collect and weigh atmospheric PM 2.5 -M sample, M is heavy metal particles, heavy metal particles M contained in the test sample i The ambient concentration C i , i is the heavy metal category, i = 1, 2...n, C i Normalized calculation to get M i The mass ratio D i ;

[0072] (b) Heavy metal particles M i The mass proportion of j kinds of compound E is ≥ 10% ij Perform normalized calculation, j = 1, 2...n, and get M i The mass ratio of the compound F ij ;

[0073] (c) PM 2.5 -M samples as PM 2.5 -M i Exposure, add saline to make PM 2.5 -M i Suspension;

[0074] 2. Establish PM 2.5 -MHuman bioaccessibility index:

[0075] (a) freeze-drying human lung lavage fluid to prepare lung lavage fluid powder, and re-dissolving it with pure water to prepare human lung fluid;

[0076] (b) PM 2.5 -M i The suspension was added to human lung fluid, incubated at 36-38°C with constant temperature shaking, and then centrifuged to obtain the supernatant and precipitated particles. The total amount of heavy metal ions in the supernatant was detected. i , calculate PM 2.5 -HM i Human bioaccessibility index BA i , as shown in equations (1) and (2):

[0077]

[0078] M Ti =C i ×InhR human ×EF human ×ED human (2)

[0079] In the formula: BA i For PM 2.5 -M i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0080] IM i is the total amount of heavy metal ions in the supernatant, mg;

[0081] M Ti For PM 2.5 -M i The mass of each category of heavy metals before incubation, mg;

[0082] C i PM 2.5 -MHeavy metal particles in samples M i Environmental concentration, μg / m 3 ;

[0083] IhR human is the normal human respiratory rate, m 3 / d;

[0084] EF human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i frequency, d / w;

[0085] ED human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w;

[0086] 3. Establish PM 2.5-M relative bioavailability index

[0087] (a) will BA i <90% of M i Classified as insoluble heavy metals ISM i , B.A. i ≥90% of M i Classified as soluble heavy metals SM i ;

[0088] (b) ISM for each heavy metal category i Compound E ij The standard sample is divided into the following proportions: ij Mix and ball-mill until the particle size is less than 2.5 μm, and add physiological saline to prepare a concentration of C i ISM i suspension, and prepare water-soluble WM with the same concentration i Solution;

[0089] (C) The mice were exposed to ISM by respiratory inhalation. i Suspension and water-soluble WM i Solution inhalation exposure, as shown in formula (3):

[0090]

[0091] Where: ADD ISMi The average daily inhaled ISM of mice i Exposure, mg / kg / d;

[0092] ADD WMi is the average daily WM inhalation of mice i Exposure, mg / kg / d;

[0093] PM 2.5 -ISM in M ​​samples i Concentration, μg / m 3 ;

[0094] IhR mouse is the respiratory rate of mice, m 3 / d;

[0095] EF mouse Inhalation of ISHM in mice i Frequency of exposure, d / w;

[0096] ED mouse Inhalation of ISHM in mice i Exposure period, w;

[0097] BW mouseis the average weight of mice, kg;

[0098] AT is ISHM inhaled by mice i Average exposure time, d;

[0099] (d) Monitor the M ion concentration in the mouse urine during the exposure period, and terminate the exposure when the M ion concentration reaches equilibrium. Detect and obtain ISM i Suspension and water-soluble WM i After solution exposure, the M accumulation concentration of tissues other than lung tissues of mice was Tissue (ISM i )k and Tissue(WM i )k, and blood heavy metal accumulation concentration Blood (ISM i ) and Blood(WM i ) ; Calculate ISM i Relative bioavailability index RBA T-i , as shown in equations (4)-(6):

[0100]

[0101] Where: RBA T-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index, %;

[0102] RBA Tissue-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index of mouse tissue k, %;

[0103] RBA Blood-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index of mouse blood, %;

[0104] Tissue(ISM i )k and Blood(ISM i ) is the insoluble heavy metal ISM i After exposure, the concentrations of K in mouse tissues and M ions in blood, mg / kg and mg / mL;

[0105] Tissue(WM i )k and Blood(WM i ) is water-soluble WM i After exposure, the concentrations of K in mouse tissues and M ions in blood, mg / kg and mg / mL;

[0106] 4.PM 2.5 -M Health Risk Assessment for Inhalation Exposure

[0107] Based on atmospheric PM 2.5 -Mi The ambient concentration C i , Human lung fluid bioaccessibility BA i and ISM i Relative bioavailability RBA T-i , default soluble heavy metal SM i The relative bioavailability is 100%, and the human health risk assessment is performed, as shown in formulas (7) and (8):

[0108]

[0109] Where: HQ is the non-carcinogenic risk quotient;

[0110] TDD i The average daily PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Total amount, mg / kg / d;

[0111] D i For PM 2.5 -M i Mass ratio, %;

[0112] BA il ISM i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0113] BA im Soluble heavy metals SM i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0114] RBA T-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index, %;

[0115] ω is the model correction factor;

[0116] Month fD is the reference dose for adverse reactions to inhalation, mg / kg / d;

[0117] IhR mouse is the respiratory rate of normal mice, m 3 / d;

[0118] IhR human is the normal human respiratory rate, m 3 / d;

[0119] ED mouse PM inhalation in mice 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w;

[0120] ED human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -Mi Exposure period, w;

[0121] BW mouse is the average body weight of normal adult mice, kg;

[0122] BW human is the average weight of a normal adult, kg;

[0123] When HQ≤1, PM 2.5 -M does not have a cancer risk; when HQ>1, it is judged that PM 2.5 -M has a carcinogenic risk and will cause harm to human health.

[0124] Example 2

[0125] 1. Atmospheric PM 2.5 -M Environmental testing

[0126] (a) Using a medium-flow intelligent TSP sampler to collect and weigh atmospheric PM 2.5 -M samples, heavy metal particles contained in the samples were detected by X-ray diffractometer i (i is the heavy metal category, i = 1, 2...n) and its environmental concentration C i , C i Perform normalization calculation M i The mass ratio D i , as shown in Table 1:

[0127] Table 1 Atmospheric PM 2.5 -Concentration and mass ratio of heavy metals contained in M

[0128]

[0129] (b) Detection of heavy metal particles M Pb 、M Ni 、M Cd j kinds (j=1, 2...n) of compound E with a mass content of ≥10wt% ij , E ij Perform normalization calculation M Pb 、M Ni 、M Cd The mass ratio of the compound F Pbj 、F Cdj 、F Nij , as shown in Table 2:

[0130] Table 2 Atmospheric M i Types of compounds in the particles and their mass ratios

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] (c) Atmospheric PM 2.5 -M samples as PM 2.5 -M i Exposure, add saline to make PM 2.5 -M i Suspension;

[0134] 2. Establish PM 2.5 -M Human bioaccessibility index

[0135] (a) freeze-drying human lung lavage fluid to prepare lung lavage fluid powder, using BCA kit and lipid assay to detect the protein and lipid contents of the lung lavage fluid powder to be 20.133 mg / g and 32.889 mg / g, and re-dissolving the lung lavage fluid powder with pure water to prepare human lung fluid PS (phospholipid content 1 mg / mL);

[0136] (b) The mass of each type of heavy metal is M Ti PM 2.5 -M i The suspension was added to human lung fluid at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:5000 mL, incubated at 37 °C and 120 rpm for 24 h, and centrifuged at 4 °C and 8000 g for 15 min to separate the supernatant and the particle precipitate. The total amount of heavy metal ions M in the supernatant was detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. i , M Pb =0.33mg, M Ni =0.36mg, M Cd = 0.09 mg. Calculate PM 2.5 -M i Human bioaccessibility index BA i , as shown in equations (1) and (2):

[0137]

[0138] M Ti =C i ×InhR human ×EF human ×ED human (2)

[0139] In the formula: BA i For PM 2.5 -M i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0140] M i is the total amount of heavy metal ions in the supernatant, mg;

[0141] M TiFor PM 2.5 -M i The mass of each category of heavy metals before incubation, mg;

[0142] C i PM 2.5 -MHeavy metal particles in samples M i Environmental concentration, μg / m 3 ;

[0143] IhR human is the normal human respiratory rate, m 3 / d;

[0144] EF human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i frequency, d / w;

[0145] ED human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w;

[0146] InhR human =14.5m 3 / d, EF human =4d / w, ED human =1w.

[0147] Calculate BA Pb =16.45%, BA Ni =92.09%, BA Cd =52.96%.

[0148] 3. Establish PM 2.5 -M relative bioavailability index

[0149] (a) will BA i <90% of heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are classified as insoluble heavy metals (ISM) i ; will BA i ≥90% of heavy metal nickel Ni is classified as soluble heavy metal SM i ;

[0150] (b) According to their mass ratio F Pbj 、F Cdj ISM Pb and ISM Cd Compound E Pbj 、E Cdj The standard products were mixed and ball-milled to a particle size of less than 2.5 μm, and physiological saline was added to prepare a concentration of C Pb , C Cd ISMPb 、ISM Cd Pb(AC)2 and CdCl2 were selected as water-soluble WM Pb and water-soluble WM Cd , prepare water-soluble WM of the same concentration Pb 、WM Cd Solution;

[0151] (C) The mice were exposed to ISM by respiratory inhalation. Pb 、ISM Cd Suspension and water-soluble WM Pb 、WM Cd Solution inhalation exposure, as shown in formula (3):

[0152]

[0153] Where: ADD ISMi The average daily inhaled ISM of mice i Exposure, mg / kg / d;

[0154] ADD WMi is the average daily WM inhalation of mice i Exposure, mg / kg / d;

[0155] PM 2.5 -ISM in M ​​samples i Concentration, μg / m 3 ;

[0156] IhR mouse is the respiratory rate of mice, m 3 / d;

[0157] EF mouse Inhalation of ISM in mice i Frequency of exposure, d / w;

[0158] ED mouse Inhalation of ISM in mice i Exposure period, w;

[0159] BW mouse is the average weight of mice, kg;

[0160] AT is ISM inhaled by mice i Average exposure time, d;

[0161] InhR mouse =0.043m 3 / d, EF mouse =3d / w, ED mouse =4d / w, BWmouse =0.03kg, AT=28d.

[0162] Calculate ADD Pb =0.042mg / kg / d, ADD Cd =0.004mg / kg / d.

[0163] (d) The M ion concentration in the mouse urine was monitored during the exposure period. The M ion concentration reached equilibrium in the eighth week after exposure, at which time the exposure was terminated and the ISM was obtained. Pb 、ISM Cd Suspension and water-soluble WM Pb 、WM Cd After solution exposure, the M accumulation concentration of tissues other than lung tissues of mice was Tissue (ISM i )k and Tissue(WM i )k, and blood heavy metal accumulation concentration Blood (ISM i ) and Blood(WM i ) ; Calculate ISM Pb 、ISM Cd Relative bioavailability index RBA T-Pb , RBA T-Cd , as shown in equations (4)-(6):

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] Where: RBA T-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index, %;

[0167] RBA Tissue-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index of tissues, %;

[0168] RBA Blood-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index of blood, %;

[0169] Tissue(ISM i )k and Blood(ISM i ) is the insoluble heavy metal ISM i After exposure, the concentrations of K in mouse tissues and M ions in blood, mg / kg and mg / mL;

[0170] Tissue(WM i )k and Blood(WM i) is water-soluble WM i After exposure, the concentrations of K in mouse tissues and M ions in blood, mg / kg and mg / mL;

[0171] ISM Pb 、ISM Cd Suspension and water-soluble WM Pb 、WM Cd After solution exposure, the M accumulation concentration of mouse tissues other than lung tissue was Tissue (ISM i )k and Tissue(WM i )k, and blood heavy metal accumulation concentration Blood (ISM i ) and Blood(WM i ) data are shown in Table 3, and RBA is calculated T-Pb =62.1%, RBA T-Cd =38.9%.

[0172] Table 3 Heavy metal accumulation concentrations in mouse tissues and blood

[0173]

[0174] 4.PM 2.5 -M Health Risk Assessment for Inhalation Exposure

[0175] Based on atmospheric PM 2.5 -M i The ambient concentration C Pb , C Cd , C Ni , human lung fluid bioaccessibility BA Pb BA Cd BA Ni and ISM Pb 、ISM Cd Relative bioavailability RBA T-Pb , RBA T-Cd , default soluble heavy metal SM Ni The relative bioavailability is 100%, and the human health risk assessment is performed as shown in formulas (7)-(8):

[0176]

[0177] Where: HQ is the non-carcinogenic risk quotient;

[0178] TDD i The average daily PM inhaled by humans 2.5 1M i Total amount, mg / kg / d;

[0179] D i For PM2.5 -M i Mass ratio, %;

[0180] BA il ISM i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0181] BA im Soluble heavy metals SM i Bioaccessibility index, %;

[0182] RBA T-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index, %;

[0183] ω is the model correction factor;

[0184] Month fD is the reference dose for adverse reactions to inhalation, mg / kg / d;

[0185] IhR mouse is the respiratory rate of normal mice, m 3 / d;

[0186] IhR human is the normal human respiratory rate, m 3 / d;

[0187] ED mouse PM inhalation in mice 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w;

[0188] ED human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w;

[0189] BW mouse is the average body weight of normal adult mice, kg;

[0190] BW human is the average weight of a normal adult, kg;

[0191] Where, RfD = 0.0035 mg / kg / d, BW human =60kg; calculated HQ = 3.77>1, indicating PM 2.5 -M has a carcinogenic risk and will cause harm to human health.

[0192] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of atmospheric PM 2.5 A method for assessing the risk of heavy metal particles to human health, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Atmospheric PM 2.5 -M environment detection: (a) Collect and weigh atmospheric PM 2.5 -M sample, M is heavy metal particles, heavy metal particles M contained in the test sample i The ambient concentration C i , i is the heavy metal category, i = 1, 2...n, C i Normalized calculation to get M i The mass ratio D i ; (b) Heavy metal particles M i The mass proportion of j kinds of compound E is ≥ 10% ij Perform normalized calculation, j = 1, 2...n, and get M i The mass ratio of the compound F ij ; (c) PM 2.5 -M samples as PM 2.5 -M i Exposure, adding saline, making PM 2.5 -M i Suspension; S2. Establish PM 2.5 -MHuman bioaccessibility index: (a) freeze-drying human lung lavage fluid to prepare lung lavage fluid powder, and re-dissolving it with pure water to prepare human lung fluid; (b) PM 2.5 -M i The suspension was added to human lung fluid, incubated at 36-38°C with constant temperature shaking, and then centrifuged to obtain the supernatant and precipitated particles. The total amount of heavy metal ions in the supernatant was detected. i , calculate PM 2.5 -M i Human bioaccessibility index BA i , as shown in equations (1) and (2): M Ti =C i ×InhR human ×EF human ×ED human (2) In the formula: BA i For PM 2.5 -M i Bioaccessibility index, %; IM i is the total amount of heavy metal ions in the supernatant, mg; M Ti For PM 2.5 -M i The mass of each category of heavy metals before incubation, mg; C i PM 2.5 -MHeavy metal particles in samples M i Environmental concentration, μg / m 3 ; IhR human is the normal human respiratory rate, m 3 / d; EF human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i frequency, d / w; ED human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w; S3. Establish PM 2.5 -M Relative bioavailability index in mice (a) will BA i <90% of M i Classified as insoluble heavy metals ISM i , B.A. i ≥90% of M i Classified as soluble heavy metals SM i ; (b) ISM for each heavy metal category i Compound E ij The standard sample is divided into the following proportions: ij Mix and ball-mill until the particle size is less than 2.5 μm, and add physiological saline to prepare a concentration of C i ISM i suspension, and prepare water-soluble WM with the same concentration i Solution; (C) The mice were exposed to ISM by respiratory inhalation. i Suspension and water-soluble WM i Solution inhalation exposure, as shown in formula (3): Where: ADD ISMi The average daily inhaled ISM of mice i Exposure, mg / kg / d; ADD WMi is the average daily WM inhalation of mice i Exposure, mg / kg / d; PM 2.5 -ISM in M ​​samples i Concentration, μg / m 3 ; IhR mouse is the respiratory rate of mice, m 3 / d; EF mouse Inhalation of ISHM in mice i Frequency of exposure, d / w; ED mouse Inhalation of ISHM in mice i Exposure period, w; BW mouse is the average weight of mice, kg; AT is ISHM inhaled by mice i Average exposure time, d; (d) Monitor the M ion concentration in the mouse urine during the exposure period, and terminate the exposure when the M ion concentration reaches equilibrium. Detect and obtain ISM i Suspension and water-soluble WM i After solution exposure, the M accumulation concentration of tissues other than lung tissues of mice was Tissue (ISM i )k and Tissue(WM i )k, and blood heavy metal accumulation concentration Blood (ISM i ) and Blood(WM i ) ; Calculate ISM i Relative bioavailability index RBA T-i , as shown in equations (4)-(6): Where: RBA T-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index, %; RBA Tissue-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index of mouse tissue k, %; RBA Blood-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index of mouse blood, %; Tissue(ISM i ) k and Blood (ISM i ) is the insoluble heavy metal ISM i After exposure, the concentrations of K in mouse tissues and M ions in blood, mg / kg and mg / mL; Tissue(WM i )k and Blood(WM i ) is water-soluble WM i After exposure, the concentrations of K in mouse tissues and M ions in blood, mg / kg and mg / mL; S 4.PM 2.5 -M Health Risk Assessment of Human Inhalation Exposure Based on atmospheric PM 2.5 -M i The ambient concentration C i , Human lung fluid bioaccessibility BA i and ISM i Relative bioavailability RBA T-i , default soluble heavy metal SM i The relative bioavailability is 100%, and the human health risk assessment is performed, as shown in formulas (7) and (8): Where: HQ is the non-carcinogenic risk quotient; TDD i The average daily PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Total amount, mg / kg / d; D i PM 2.5 -PM in M ​​samples 2.5 -M i Mass ratio, %; BA il ISM i Bioaccessibility index, %; BA im Soluble heavy metals SM i Bioaccessibility index, %; RBA T-i ISM i Relative bioavailability index, %; ω is the model correction factor; RfD is the reference dose for adverse reactions due to inhalation, mg / kg / d; IhR mouse is the respiratory rate of normal mice, m 3 / d; IhR human is the normal human respiratory rate, m 3 / d; ED mouse PM inhalation in mice 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w; ED human PM inhaled by humans 2.5 -M i Exposure period, w; BW mouse is the average body weight of normal adult mice, kg; BW human is the average weight of a normal adult, kg; When HQ≤1, PM 2.5 -M does not have a carcinogenic risk; when HQ>1, it is judged that PM 2.5 -M has a carcinogenic risk and will cause harm to human health.

2. The atmospheric PM according to claim 1 2.5 A method for assessing the risk of heavy metal particles to human health, characterized in that: The heavy metal particles M in step S1(a) are lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, chromium or mercury.

3. The atmospheric PM according to claim 1 2.5 A method for assessing the risk of heavy metal particles to human health, characterized in that: The PM in step S2(b) 2.5 -M i The ratio of the mass of the exposed object to the volume of human lung fluid is 1g: (4000-5000)mL; the conditions for constant temperature oscillation incubation are: temperature of 36-38°C, oscillation rate of 120-140rpm, incubation time of 24-48h, and centrifugation time of 10-15min.

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