Liquid crystal based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid crystal-based circular polarization medium resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna and belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas.The antenna comprises an elliptical cylindrical medium resonator radiation structure and a sequential rotation feed network on a flexible printed circuit board (FPC) and a liquid crystal phase shifter structure based on a glass plate.The radiation structure and the feed network on the FPC comprise a radiation unit, an FPC layer and a feed network; the liquid crystal phase shifter comprises a glass medium substrate, a liquid crystal layer, an inverted spiral microstrip line and a bias network; the elliptical cylindrical medium resonator radiation structure realizes wide impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth; the antenna array also uses a sequential rotation method, further improves the axial ratio characteristics of the phased array antenna and utilizes the design of an L-shaped microstrip line connected to the inverted spiral microstrip line after sequential rotation, so that the coupling feed structure is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and in particular relates to a liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the accelerated development of the global information industry, the demand for satellite communication systems is growing in defense, commerce, and public welfare sectors. Various industries are increasing their investment in satellite internet technology, hoping to build satellite internet systems with global coverage. Array antennas are widely adopted due to their advantages, such as high gain and narrow beams. Conventional array antennas can only radiate directional beams, but by adding electronically steerable devices such as phase shifters to the feed port of each element, they can achieve spatial scanning of the radiated beam. Such antennas are called phased array antennas. While traditional active phased arrays offer excellent performance, they also have limitations that limit their application, such as high cost, bulky size (high profile), heat dissipation difficulties, and engineering challenges. Phased array antennas based on liquid crystal phase shifting technology offer many advantages, including low cost, lightweight, low profile, low power consumption, high control flexibility, and the ability to implement intelligent reconfigurable features. However, the current performance of liquid crystal phased array antennas, such as operating bandwidth and scanning angle range, still falls short of practical requirements.

[0003] The prior art "Liquid crystal based phased array antenna with improved beamscanning capability" discloses a liquid crystal-based dielectric resonator phased array antenna. This replaces the radiating elements from traditional microstrip patches with dielectric resonators. When the beam scanning range is ±30°, the gain drops by only 1.5dB. However, it can only achieve one-dimensional beam scanning, does not achieve circular polarization, and the process of placing the dielectric resonator on the glass substrate is complex. The prior art "30GHz liquid crystal phased array" discloses a 4*4 liquid crystal phased array operating at 30GHz, with each of the four antennas controlled by a liquid crystal phase shifter. Therefore, it can only achieve one-dimensional beam scanning within a scanning range of ±30°. The prior art "Research on microwave and millimeter wave microstrip phased array antennas based on liquid crystal phase shifting technology" discloses an electrically controlled microstrip patch phased array antenna based on liquid crystal delay line phase shifting. The beam scanning range is (-50° to 50°), the normal gain is 22.85dB, and two-dimensional beam scanning is achieved, but the axial ratio bandwidth is only about 300MHz. How to design a broadband liquid crystal phased array antenna is a difficult point. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna based on a circularly polarized dielectric resonator of liquid crystal, which improves the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth performance of the antenna on the basis of the liquid crystal phased array antenna architecture, while simplifying the coupled feeding structure after sequential rotation.

[0005] The technical problem proposed by the present invention is solved as follows:

[0006] A liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna, comprising a dielectric resonator radiating element layer 1, a flexible printed circuit board 2, a feed network 3, tape 4, a first glass substrate 5, a ground plate 6, a liquid crystal layer 7, an inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer 8, a sealing frame 9, and a second glass substrate 10;

[0007] The dielectric resonator radiation unit layer 1 is located on the upper surface of the flexible printed circuit board 2 and is composed of dielectric resonators 101 arranged in a two-dimensional periodic manner of 2N×2N, where N is a positive integer; the feeding network 3 is located on the lower surface of the flexible printed circuit board 2 and is a two-dimensional periodic arrangement of dielectric resonators 101. N+1 T-shaped microstrip power divider; the ground plate 6 is a copper metal plate, covering the lower surface of the first glass substrate 5, and the area covers the corresponding position of the dielectric resonator radiation unit 1; the inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer 8 is located on the upper surface of the second glass substrate 9, and is composed of an inverted spiral microstrip line 801 arranged in a 2N×2N two-dimensional pattern; tape 4 is applied to the edges of the lower surface of the flexible printed circuit board 2 and bonded to the upper surface of the first glass substrate 5, forming a cavity in the middle; the upper surface of the second glass substrate 10 is connected to the lower surface of the first glass substrate 5 by a sealing frame 9 to form a sealed box body, the interior of which is filled with liquid crystal as a liquid crystal layer 7; the ground plate 6 has a coupling gap at the end of the feed network 3 and the inverted spiral microstrip line 801.

[0008] Furthermore, the dielectric resonator 101 is in the shape of an ellipse cylinder and is used to achieve circularly polarized radiation. The 2N×2N dielectric resonator 101 is divided into several 2×2 subarrays. For each subarray, the upper left corner is taken as the origin, d is the period of the dielectric resonator 101, the dielectric resonator 101 located in the upper left position forms an angle of 45° with the edge of the flexible printed circuit board 2, and the dielectric resonators 101 in the upper right, lower right, and lower left positions of the 2×2 subarray are respectively obtained by rotating the dielectric resonator 101 in the upper left position clockwise by 90°, 180°, and 270° about (d, d) as the center. The 2×2 subarray is extended with the subarray period 2d to form the dielectric resonator radiation unit layer 1.

[0009] Furthermore, the feed network 3 is an N+1-level one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider structure, which is a one-to-two N+1A microstrip power divider. The output microstrip lines of each stage of the one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider are of the same length, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip lines at the input and output ends is 100Ω, and a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer is used at the T-junction branch for impedance transformation. The input microstrip line of the first-stage one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider is cascaded with an impedance-matching microstrip line, serving as the input end of the feed network 3. The ground plate 6 has a first coupling slot perpendicular to the output microstrip line of the (N+1)th stage one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider in the feed network 3.

[0010] Furthermore, the inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer 8 includes a bias network and 2N×2N inverted spiral microstrip lines 801; the 2N×2N inverted spiral microstrip lines 801 are divided into a number of 2×2 inverted spiral microstrip line groups; for each inverted spiral microstrip line group, the upper left corner is taken as the origin, and the inverted spiral microstrip lines 801 at the upper right, lower right, and lower left positions are respectively obtained by rotating the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 at the upper left position clockwise by 90°, 180°, and 270° around (d, d) as the center; for the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 at the upper left position, a length of 4λ is used. g ~6λ g The microstrip line is rotated clockwise, λ g The starting end of the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 is connected to an L-shaped microstrip line, and the two L-shaped microstrip lines adjacent in the horizontal direction are symmetrical about the vertical axis, and the two L-shaped microstrip lines adjacent in the vertical direction are symmetrical about the horizontal axis; the ground plate 6 has a second coupling gap perpendicular to the end of the inverted spiral microstrip line 801; the bias network is a 2N×2N AC bias line 802, which is connected to the corresponding inverted spiral microstrip line 801; the AC bias line 802 is provided with a length of λ g An open transmission line with a diameter of / 4 is used as a radio frequency isolation structure. One end of the open transmission line is connected to the AC bias line 802 at a distance λ from the connection point of the inverted spiral microstrip line 801. g / 4, and the other end is open; the control circuit is connected to the 2N×2N inverted spiral microstrip line 801 through the 2N×2N AC bias line 802, which is used to control the bias voltage of the inverted spiral microstrip line 801. The control circuit is implemented by FPGA.

[0011] Furthermore, N=2.

[0012] Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the glass substrates used in both the first glass substrate 5 and the second glass substrate 9 is 5.8.

[0013] Furthermore, the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal layer 7 is adjusted in the range of 2.5 to 3.52.

[0014] Furthermore, the liquid crystal layer 7 undergoes an alignment treatment, and when no bias voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules point in the same direction, and the liquid crystal material has a minimum dielectric constant; when a bias voltage is applied to the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 through the bias line, the liquid crystal molecules are deflected, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material changes, and the phase shift amount of the equivalent phase shifter of the corresponding inverted spiral microstrip line 801 changes, thereby achieving the adjustment of the phase shift amount.

[0015] Furthermore, initial polarization phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° are configured for the 2×2 subarray. The required scanning phase for each inverted spiral microstrip line 801 is calculated based on the planar phased array beam pointing principle and the required antenna beam azimuth angle. The scanning phase and the initial polarization phase are superimposed, and the bias voltage value corresponding to the liquid crystal is calculated. The bias voltage is applied to the equivalent phase shifter of each inverted spiral microstrip line 801 through the bias network.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The antenna described in the present invention is the first in the field of liquid crystal phased array antennas to adopt a dielectric resonator radiation structure with a perturbation structure. The dielectric resonator antenna is a radiator composed of a low-loss microwave dielectric material. It radiates through the entire resonator surface except the ground, and has no conductor and surface wave losses. It has a wide impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth, and high radiation efficiency. The dielectric resonator radiation structure is located on the upper surface of the flexible printed circuit board (FPC), avoiding adhesion of the dielectric resonator unit to the glass, making the processing feasible and stable.

[0018] The antenna described in the present invention achieves broadband scanning through a circularly polarized antenna array arrangement based on a sequential rotation method. First, four antenna units are arranged into a 2×2 subarray in a clockwise or counterclockwise order. Then, the four antenna units are given feeding phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. The sequential rotation feeding method utilizes the vector superposition characteristics of electromagnetic waves. By changing the antenna placement and performing phase compensation, the antenna radiation performance and polarization performance are optimized. The 2×2 circularly polarized subarray based on the sequential rotation method is expanded to 2N×2N according to the array formation method of subarray period extension. The above-mentioned 2N×2N array can achieve wider circular polarization performance.

[0019] The antenna of the present invention adjusts the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal of the phase shifter unit to achieve feeding phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° for a 2×2 subarray based on a sequential rotation method. This utilizes the continuous phase modulation property of liquid crystal, avoids designing a complex feeding structure on the feeding network, simplifies the structure and required length of the feeding network, thereby reducing the transmission loss of the feeding network and achieving the feeding phase required for the 2×2 subarray based on the sequential rotation method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a front view of the liquid crystal phased array antenna structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the upper surface of the flexible printed circuit board in the liquid crystal phased array antenna of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the feeding network structure of the liquid crystal phased array antenna of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the positional relationship of the coupling slots on the ground plate of the liquid crystal phased array antenna of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer in the liquid crystal phased array antenna of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is an S11 curve diagram of the liquid crystal phased array antenna described in the embodiment;

[0026] Figure 7 1 is a diagram showing the axis alignment versus frequency of the liquid crystal phased array antenna according to the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0028] This embodiment provides a liquid crystal based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a dielectric resonator radiation unit layer 1, a flexible printed circuit board 2, a feed network 3, tape 4, a first glass substrate 5, a ground plate 6, a liquid crystal layer 7, an inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer 8, a sealing frame 9 and a second glass substrate 10;

[0029] The dielectric resonator radiation unit layer 1 is located on the upper surface of the flexible printed circuit board 2 and is composed of dielectric resonators 101 arranged in a two-dimensional periodic manner of 2N×2N, where N is a positive integer; the feeding network 3 is located on the lower surface of the flexible printed circuit board 2 and is a two-dimensional periodic arrangement of dielectric resonators 101. N+1T-shaped microstrip power divider; the ground plate 6 is a copper metal plate, covering the lower surface of the first glass substrate 5, and the area covers the corresponding position of the dielectric resonator radiation unit 1; the inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer 8 is located on the upper surface of the second glass substrate 9, and is composed of an inverted spiral microstrip line 801 arranged in a 2N×2N two-dimensional pattern; tape 4 is applied to the edges of the lower surface of the flexible printed circuit board 2 and bonded to the upper surface of the first glass substrate 5, forming a cavity in the middle; the upper surface of the second glass substrate 10 is connected to the lower surface of the first glass substrate 5 by a sealing frame 9 to form a sealed box body, the interior of which is filled with liquid crystal as a liquid crystal layer 7; the ground plate 6 has a coupling gap at the end of the feed network 3 and the inverted spiral microstrip line 801.

[0030] In this embodiment, the dielectric resonator 101 is in the shape of an elliptical cylinder. Figure 2 As shown, to achieve circularly polarized radiation, a material with a high dielectric constant (relative dielectric constant greater than 10) (e.g., Rogers RO3010) is selected. The 2N×2N dielectric resonator 101 is divided into several 2×2 subarrays. For each subarray, the upper left corner is designated as the origin, and d is the period of the dielectric resonator 101. The dielectric resonator 101 located in the upper left corner forms a 45° angle with the edge of the flexible printed circuit board 2. The dielectric resonators 101 in the upper right, lower right, and lower left corners of the 2×2 subarray are obtained by rotating the upper left dielectric resonator 101 clockwise by 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively, about (d, d). The 2×2 subarray is extended with a subarray period of 2d to form the dielectric resonator radiating unit layer 1.

[0031] In this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the feeding network 3 is an N+1-level one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider structure. N+1 A microstrip power divider. The output microstrip lines of each stage of the one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider are of the same length, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip lines at the input and output ends is 100Ω, and a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer is used at the T-junction branch for impedance transformation. The input microstrip line of the first-stage one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider is cascaded with an impedance-matching microstrip line, serving as the input end of the feed network 3. The ground plate 6 has a first coupling slot perpendicular to the output microstrip line of the (N+1)th stage one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider in the feed network 3.

[0032] In this embodiment, there are two types of coupling gaps on the floor 6, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the two coupling slots have different sizes. For each 2×2 sub-array, there are two first coupling slots and four second coupling slots. The positions of the second coupling slots are obtained by rotating 0, 90°, 180°, and 270° around (d, d).

[0033] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer 8 includes a bias network and 2N×2N inverted spiral microstrip lines 801; the 2N×2N inverted spiral microstrip lines 801 are divided into a number of 2×2 inverted spiral microstrip line groups; for each inverted spiral microstrip line group, the upper left corner is taken as the origin, and the inverted spiral microstrip lines 801 at the upper right, lower right, and lower left positions are respectively obtained by rotating the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 at the upper left position clockwise by 90°, 180°, and 270° around (d, d) as the center; for the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 at the upper left position, a 4λ g ~6λ g The microstrip line is rotated clockwise, λ g The starting end of the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 is connected to an L-shaped microstrip line, and the two L-shaped microstrip lines adjacent in the horizontal direction are symmetrical about the vertical axis, and the two L-shaped microstrip lines adjacent in the vertical direction are symmetrical about the horizontal axis; the ground plate 6 has a second coupling gap perpendicular to the end of the inverted spiral microstrip line 801; the bias network is a 2N×2N AC bias line 802, which is connected to the corresponding inverted spiral microstrip line 801; the AC bias line 802 is provided with a length of λ g An open transmission line with a diameter of / 4 is used as a radio frequency isolation structure. One end of the open transmission line is connected to the AC bias line 802 at a distance λ from the connection point of the inverted spiral microstrip line 801. g / 4, and the other end is open; the control circuit is connected to the 2N×2N inverted spiral microstrip line 801 through the 2N×2N AC bias line 802, which is used to control the bias voltage of the inverted spiral microstrip line 801. The control circuit is implemented by FPGA.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first glass substrate 5 and the second glass substrate 9 are staggered in the direction of the bias line, so that the bias pin is exposed to the air, which facilitates binding the bias pin and the flexible tape connecting the FPGA circuit board together.

[0035] In this embodiment, the first glass substrate 5 and the second glass substrate 9 both use glass substrates with a dielectric constant of 5.8.

[0036] In this embodiment, the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal layer 7 is adjusted in the range of 2.5 to 3.52.

[0037] In this embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 7 has undergone an alignment treatment. When no bias voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules point in the same direction and the liquid crystal material has a minimum dielectric constant. When a bias voltage is applied to the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 through the bias line, the liquid crystal molecules are deflected, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material changes, and the phase shift amount of the equivalent phase shifter of the corresponding inverted spiral microstrip line 801 changes, thereby achieving the adjustment of the phase shift amount.

[0038] In this embodiment, initial polarization phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° are configured for a 2×2 subarray based on a sequential rotation method. The required scanning phase for each inverted spiral microstrip line 801 is calculated based on the beam pointing principle of a planar phased array and the required antenna beam azimuth angle. The scanning phase and the initial polarization phase are superimposed, and the corresponding liquid crystal bias voltage value is calculated. This bias voltage is applied to the equivalent phase shifter of each inverted spiral microstrip line 801 via a bias network. This allows for rapid changes in the radiation state of each unit, enabling two-dimensional continuous dynamic scanning of the beam within the upper half-space.

[0039] In this embodiment, N=2, and the liquid crystal phased array antenna adopts a multi-layer slot-coupled feeding structure. The RF signal of the output microstrip line of the N+1-level one-to-two T-junction power divider on the feeding network 3 is coupled to the inverted spiral microstrip line 801 for transition through the first coupling slot on the ground plane 6. Then, the phase of the RF signal changes after passing through the inverted spiral microstrip line 801. Then, the RF signal of the phase shifter layer is coupled to the dielectric resonator radiation structure for feeding through the second coupling slot on the ground plane 6.

[0040] The antenna described in this embodiment was simulated using the commercial electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite. The results are as follows: Figure 6 、 Figure 7 The antenna's S11 is less than -10 dB in the 18.8 GHz to 24 GHz range. The axial ratio at 20 GHz is approximately 0.5 dB, and the axial ratio bandwidth is 18.85 GHz to 21.15 GHz. Overall, the antenna described in this embodiment exhibits good broadband performance.

[0041] The antenna described in this invention innovatively utilizes a perturbation-structured dielectric resonator radiating structure for the first time in the field of liquid crystal phased array antennas. The dielectric resonator antenna, comprised of a radiator made of low-loss microwave dielectric material, radiates across the entire resonator surface, excluding the ground plane, without conductor or surface wave losses. This results in a wide impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth, and high radiation efficiency. The dielectric resonator radiating structure is located on the top surface of the FPC, preventing adhesion of the dielectric resonator unit to the glass and ensuring fabrication feasibility and stability. Furthermore, the radiating structure, feed network, and liquid crystal phase shifter are designed and fabricated separately, resulting in a higher degree of fault tolerance.

[0042] The antenna described in the present invention achieves broadband scanning through a circularly polarized antenna array arrangement based on a sequential rotation method. First, four antenna units are arranged into a 2×2 subarray in a clockwise or counterclockwise order. Then, the four antenna units are given feeding phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. The sequential rotation feeding method utilizes the vector superposition characteristics of electromagnetic waves. By changing the antenna placement and performing phase compensation, the antenna radiation performance and polarization performance are optimized. The 2×2 circularly polarized subarray based on the sequential rotation method is expanded to 2N×2N in a periodic extension array mode. The above-mentioned 2N×2N array can achieve wider circular polarization performance.

[0043] The antenna of the present invention adjusts the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal of the phase shifter unit to achieve feeding phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° for a 2×2 subarray based on a sequential rotation method. This utilizes the continuous phase modulation property of liquid crystal, avoids designing a complex feeding structure on the feeding network, simplifies the structure and required length of the feeding network, thereby reducing transmission loss of the feeding network and achieving the feeding phase required for the 2×2 subarray based on the sequential rotation method.

[0044] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. Any feature disclosed in this specification, unless otherwise stated, can be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features with similar purposes; all disclosed features, or all steps in the methods or processes, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any way.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a dielectric resonator radiation unit layer (1), a flexible printed circuit board (2), a feed network (3), tape glue (4), a first glass substrate (5), a ground plate (6), a liquid crystal layer (7), an inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer (8), a sealing frame (9) and a second glass substrate (10); The dielectric resonator radiation unit layer (1) is located on the upper surface of the flexible printed circuit board (2) and is composed of 2 N ×2 N It is composed of two-dimensional periodically arranged dielectric resonators (101), N is a positive integer; The feed network (3) is located on the lower surface of the flexible printed circuit board (2). The feed network (3) is a 2-way N+1 The T-shaped microstrip power divider; the ground plate (6) is a copper metal plate, which covers the lower surface of the first glass substrate (5) and covers the corresponding position of the dielectric resonator radiation unit layer (1); the inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer (8) is located on the upper surface of the second glass substrate (10), and is composed of 2 N ×2 N The invention is composed of an inverted spiral microstrip line (801) arranged in a two-dimensional manner; tape glue (4) is applied to the edges of the lower surface of the flexible printed circuit board (2) and adhered to the upper surface of the first glass substrate (5), forming a cavity in the middle; the upper surface of the second glass substrate (10) and the lower surface of the first glass substrate (5) are connected by a sealing frame (9) to form a sealed box body, the interior of which is filled with liquid crystal as a liquid crystal layer (7); the ground plate (6) is provided with a coupling gap at the tail of the feeding network (3) and the inverted spiral microstrip line (801); The dielectric resonator (101) is in the shape of an elliptical cylinder and is used to realize circular polarization radiation; N ×2 N The dielectric resonator (101) is divided into a plurality of 2×2 sub-arrays; for each sub-array, the upper left corner point is recorded as the origin, d is the period of the dielectric resonator 101, the dielectric resonator (101) located at the upper left position forms an angle of 45° with the edge of the flexible printed circuit board (2), and the dielectric resonators (101) at the upper right position, the lower right position and the lower left position in the 2×2 sub-array are respectively obtained by rotating the dielectric resonator (101) at the upper left position clockwise by 90°, 180° and 270° with (d, d) as the center; the 2×2 sub-array is extended with the sub-array period 2d to form a dielectric resonator radiation unit layer (1).

2. The liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding network (3) is N +1 level one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider structure, is a one-to-two N+1 The output microstrip line of each stage of the one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider is the same length, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line at the input and output ends is 100, and a 1 / 4 waveguide wavelength impedance converter is used at the T-junction branch for impedance transformation; the input microstrip line of the first stage of the one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider is cascaded with an impedance matching microstrip line as the input end of the feed network (3); the ground plate (6) is located at the first stage of the feed network (3) N A first coupling gap perpendicular to the output microstrip line of the +1-stage one-to-two T-junction microstrip power divider is provided.

3. The liquid crystal based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The inverted spiral microstrip line phase shifter layer (8) includes a bias network and 2 N ×2 N An inverted spiral microstrip line (801); 2 N ×2 N An inverted spiral microstrip line (801) is divided into a number of 2×2 inverted spiral microstrip line groups; for each inverted spiral microstrip line group, the upper left corner point is recorded as the origin, and the inverted spiral microstrip lines (801) at the upper right, lower right and lower left positions are respectively obtained by rotating the inverted spiral microstrip line (801) at the upper left position by 90°, 180° and 270° clockwise with (d, d) as the center; for the inverted spiral microstrip line (801) at the upper left position, it is formed by rotating a microstrip line of length d in a clockwise manner, which is the waveguide wavelength; the starting end of the inverted spiral microstrip line (801) is connected to an L-shaped microstrip line, and the two L-shaped microstrip lines adjacent in the horizontal direction are in a vertical axis symmetrical structure, and the two L-shaped microstrip lines adjacent in the vertical direction are in a horizontal axis symmetrical structure; the ground plate (6) is provided with a second coupling gap perpendicular to the inverted spiral microstrip line (801) at the end position; the bias network is 2 N ×2 N The AC bias line (802) is connected to the corresponding inverted spiral microstrip line (801) respectively; an open transmission line with a length of is provided on the AC bias line (802) as a radio frequency isolation structure, one end of the open transmission line is connected to the point on the AC bias line (802) at a distance from the connection point with the inverted spiral microstrip line (801), and the other end is open; the control circuit is connected to the inverted spiral microstrip line (801) by 2 N ×2 N The AC bias line (802) is respectively connected to 2 N ×2 N The inverted spiral microstrip line (801) is connected to the inverted spiral microstrip line (801) and is used to control the bias voltage of the inverted spiral microstrip line (801), and the control circuit is implemented by FPGA.

4. The liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: N=2。 5. The liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the glass substrates used in both the first glass substrate (5) and the second glass substrate (10) is 5.

8.

6. The liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal layer (7) is adjustable in the range of 2.5 to 3.

52.

7. The liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid crystal layer (7) undergoes an alignment process, and when no bias voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the same direction, and the liquid crystal material has a minimum dielectric constant; when a bias voltage is applied to the inverted spiral microstrip line (801) via a bias line, the liquid crystal molecules are deflected, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material changes, and the phase shift amount of the equivalent phase shifter corresponding to the inverted spiral microstrip line (801) changes, thereby achieving adjustment of the phase shift amount.

8. The liquid crystal-based circularly polarized dielectric resonator two-dimensional beam scanning phased array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: Initial polarization phases of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° are configured for a 2×2 subarray; a scanning phase required for each inverted spiral microstrip line (801) is calculated based on the beam pointing principle of a planar phased array and a required antenna beam azimuth angle; the scanning phase and the initial polarization phase are superimposed; a bias voltage value corresponding to the liquid crystal is calculated; and a bias voltage is applied to an equivalent phase shifter of each inverted spiral microstrip line (801) through a bias network.

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