Cultivation method for improving saline-alkaline resistance of soybeans

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soybean planting, and discloses a cultivation method for improving saline-alkaline resistance of soybeans, which comprises the following steps: S1, seed selection: selecting soybean seeds with different qualities according to different soil saline-alkaline contents; the method comprises the following steps: removing diseased seeds, insect-eaten seeds, shriveled seeds and impurities in soybean seeds, cleaning the soybean seeds with clear water for 2-3 times, drying the seeds in the sun for 10-20 hours, sieving the soybean seeds, and removing small soybean seeds to obtain carefully selected soybean seeds; s2, soil preparation, wherein soil is cut and turned over in a deep ploughing mode; according to the cultivation method for improving saline-alkaline resistance of the soybeans, the emergence rate and the survival rate can be effectively increased in the cultivation process, due to the fact that the soil improvement fertilizer is formed by mixing the straw mixture, the organic fertilizer and the bacterial fertilizer, the purpose of reducing resource waste can be achieved, meanwhile, sufficient nutrients can be provided for soil through straw returning, and the yield of the soybeans is improved. The environmental pollution caused by straw accumulation and combustion is reduced, and meanwhile, the soil salinization phenomenon can be effectively inhibited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soybean planting, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization is the main adversity that limits crop production worldwide. About 950 million hectares of soil are threatened by salinization, accounting for about 5% of the world's arable land. Especially with the increasing trend of global warming, the problem of soil salinization in low- and mid-latitude areas is becoming more and more obvious, especially in the coastal saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta, where the soil has high salinity, high groundwater level and easy to return to salt. Its development and utilization has become a top priority and cannot be delayed;

[0003] During the soybean cultivation process, if faced with saline-alkali land, if the soil is not specially treated, the emergence rate and survival rate of soybeans will be reduced. However, the existing soybean cultivation methods are simply to add fertilizers to make the soil have sufficient nutrients. This method not only reduces the survival rate of soybean cultivation, but also cannot effectively inhibit soil salinization. In view of this, a cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans, which solves the problem that if the soybeans are cultivated in saline-alkali land without special treatment of the soil, the emergence rate and survival rate of the soybeans will be reduced during the cultivation process. However, the existing soybean cultivation methods are all simply adding fertilizers to make the soil have sufficient nutrients. This method not only reduces the survival rate of soybean cultivation, but also cannot effectively inhibit the salinization of the soil.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Seed selection: Select soybean seeds of different qualities according to the different salinity and alkali content of the soil;

[0010] Remove diseased, insect-eaten, shrunken and impurities from the soybean seeds, wash with clean water for 2-3 times, dry the seeds for 10-20 hours, and then sieve the soybean seeds to remove small soybean seeds to obtain selected soybean seeds;

[0011] S2. Land preparation: Cut and till the soil by deep plowing, and add soil loosening agent during the cutting and tilling process to make the soil looser and more fertile;

[0012] S3. Fertilization: Use soil improvement fertilizer to reduce the salinity and alkali content of the soil, and make the soil nutrient higher under the action of soil improvement fertilizer, so as to ensure that soybeans can get sufficient nutrients after germination;

[0013] Among them, the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, with the straw mixture accounting for 50%-60%, the organic fertilizer accounting for 10%-40%, and the bacterial fertilizer accounting for 10%-30%;

[0014] S4, sowing: using sowing equipment to sow the selected soybean seeds obtained in S1, with a sowing amount of 4-6 kg per mu;

[0015] S5. Top dressing: Apply calcium solution after soybean seedlings emerge, and irrigate at the right time during the jointing and heading period.

[0016] Preferably, after obtaining the selected soybean seeds as described in S1, the seeds are soaked in liquid medicine for coating. By soaking in liquid medicine, the seeds can be prevented from being eaten by insects after sowing, thereby ensuring the germination rate of the seeds.

[0017] Preferably, the drug solution is a mixture of one or more of carbendazim, carbofuran, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl-M.

[0018] Preferably, the deep plowing depth in S2 is 30-50 cm, and the soil loosening agent is rice husk, and the dosage is 20-30 kg per mu.

[0019] Preferably, the straw mixture in S3 is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, and sorghum straw that are crushed and fermented;

[0020] Organic fertilizer is common poultry and livestock manure.

[0021] Preferably, the sowing spacing in S4 is between 40 and 60 cm in row spacing and between 9 and 14 cm in plant spacing.

[0022] (III) Beneficial effects

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans, through the above steps to cultivate soybeans, can not only effectively improve the emergence rate and survival rate during the cultivation process, but also can reduce the waste of resources because the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer. At the same time, returning the straw to the field can provide sufficient nutrients for the soil, reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw stacking and burning, and effectively inhibit soil salinization.

[0025] 2. The cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans can effectively inhibit soil salinization and improve the survival rate of soybeans by applying soil conditioners to ensure soil fertility. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment 1:

[0028] A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1. Seed selection: Select soybean seeds of different qualities according to the different salinity and alkali content of the soil;

[0030] Remove diseased, insect-eaten, shrunken and impurities from the soybean seeds, wash them twice with clean water, dry them for 10 hours, and then sieve the soybean seeds to remove small soybean seeds to obtain selected soybean seeds;

[0031] Among them, after obtaining the selected soybean seeds, the seeds are soaked in liquid medicine for coating. Soaking in liquid medicine can prevent the seeds from being eaten by insects after sowing, thus ensuring the germination rate of the seeds;

[0032] The liquid medicine is a mixture of one or more of carbendazim, carbofuran, fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M;

[0033] S2. Land preparation: Cut and till the soil by deep plowing, and add soil loosening agent during the cutting and tilling process to make the soil looser and more fertile;

[0034] The deep tillage depth is 30cm, and the soil loosening agent is rice husk, with a dosage of 20kg per mu;

[0035] S3. Fertilization: Use soil improvement fertilizer to reduce the salinity and alkali content of the soil, and make the soil nutrient higher under the action of soil improvement fertilizer, so as to ensure that soybeans can get sufficient nutrients after germination;

[0036] Among them, the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, with the straw mixture accounting for 50%, the organic fertilizer accounting for 10% and the bacterial fertilizer accounting for 10%;

[0037] The straw mixture is made by crushing and fermenting one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and sorghum straw;

[0038] Organic fertilizer is common poultry and livestock manure;

[0039] By applying soil conditioners, soil fertility can be ensured while effectively inhibiting soil salinization, thereby increasing the survival rate of soybeans;

[0040] S4, sowing: using sowing equipment to sow the selected soybean seeds obtained in S1, with a sowing amount of 6 kg per mu;

[0041] The sowing spacing is 40 cm between rows and 9 cm between plants;

[0042] S5. Top dressing: Apply calcium solution after soybean seedlings emerge, and irrigate at the right time during the jointing and heading period.

[0043] By cultivating soybeans through the above steps, not only can the emergence rate and survival rate be effectively improved during the cultivation process, but also the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, which can reduce the waste of resources. At the same time, returning the straw to the field can provide sufficient nutrients for the soil, reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw stacking and burning, and effectively inhibit soil salinization.

[0044] Embodiment 2:

[0045] A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. Seed selection: Select soybean seeds of different qualities according to the different salinity and alkali content of the soil;

[0047] Remove diseased, insect-eaten, shrunken and impurities from the soybean seeds, wash them twice with clean water, dry them for 20 hours, sieve the soybean seeds, remove small soybean seeds, and obtain selected soybean seeds;

[0048] Among them, after obtaining the selected soybean seeds, the seeds are soaked in liquid medicine for coating. Soaking in liquid medicine can prevent the seeds from being eaten by insects after sowing, thus ensuring the germination rate of the seeds;

[0049] The liquid medicine is a mixture of one or more of carbendazim, carbofuran, fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M;

[0050] S2. Land preparation: Cut and till the soil by deep plowing, and add soil loosening agent during the cutting and tilling process to make the soil looser and more fertile;

[0051] The deep tillage depth is 50cm, and the soil loosening agent is rice husk, with a dosage of 30kg per mu;

[0052] S3. Fertilization: Use soil improvement fertilizer to reduce the salinity and alkali content of the soil, and make the soil nutrient higher under the action of soil improvement fertilizer, so as to ensure that soybeans can get sufficient nutrients after germination;

[0053] Among them, the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, with the straw mixture accounting for 60%, the organic fertilizer accounting for 30% and the bacterial fertilizer accounting for 10%;

[0054] The straw mixture is made by crushing and fermenting one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and sorghum straw;

[0055] Organic fertilizer is common poultry and livestock manure;

[0056] By applying soil conditioners, soil fertility can be ensured while effectively inhibiting soil salinization, thereby increasing the survival rate of soybeans;

[0057] S4, sowing: using sowing equipment to sow the selected soybean seeds obtained in S1, with a sowing amount of 5 kg per mu;

[0058] The sowing spacing is 60 cm between rows and 14 cm between plants;

[0059] S5. Top dressing: Apply calcium solution after soybean seedlings emerge, and irrigate at the right time during the jointing and heading period.

[0060] By cultivating soybeans through the above steps, not only can the emergence rate and survival rate be effectively improved during the cultivation process, but also the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, which can reduce the waste of resources. At the same time, returning the straw to the field can provide sufficient nutrients for the soil, reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw stacking and burning, and effectively inhibit soil salinization.

[0061] Embodiment three:

[0062] A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans comprises the following steps:

[0063] S1. Seed selection: Select soybean seeds of different qualities according to the different salinity and alkali content of the soil;

[0064] Remove diseased, insect-eaten, shrunken and impurities from the soybean seeds, wash them with clean water for 3 times, dry them for 15 hours, sieve the soybean seeds, remove small soybean seeds, and obtain selected soybean seeds;

[0065] Among them, after obtaining the selected soybean seeds, the seeds are soaked in liquid medicine for coating. Soaking in liquid medicine can prevent the seeds from being eaten by insects after sowing, thus ensuring the germination rate of the seeds;

[0066] The liquid medicine is a mixture of one or more of carbendazim, carbofuran, fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M;

[0067] S2. Land preparation: Cut and till the soil by deep plowing, and add soil loosening agent during the cutting and tilling process to make the soil looser and more fertile;

[0068] The deep tillage depth is 40cm, and the soil loosening agent is rice husk, with a dosage of 25kg per mu;

[0069] S3. Fertilization: Use soil improvement fertilizer to reduce the salinity and alkali content of the soil, and make the soil nutrient higher under the action of soil improvement fertilizer, so as to ensure that soybeans can get sufficient nutrients after germination;

[0070] Among them, the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, with the straw mixture accounting for 55%, the organic fertilizer accounting for 25% and the bacterial fertilizer accounting for 20%;

[0071] The straw mixture is made by crushing and fermenting one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and sorghum straw;

[0072] Organic fertilizer is common poultry and livestock manure;

[0073] By applying soil conditioners, soil fertility can be ensured while effectively inhibiting soil salinization, thereby increasing the survival rate of soybeans;

[0074] S4, sowing: using sowing equipment to sow the selected soybean seeds obtained in S1, with a sowing amount of 4 kg per mu;

[0075] The sowing spacing is 50 cm between rows and 12 cm between plants.

[0076] S5. Top dressing: Apply calcium solution after soybean seedlings emerge, and irrigate at the right time during the jointing and heading period.

[0077] By cultivating soybeans through the above steps, not only can the emergence rate and survival rate be effectively improved during the cultivation process, but also the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, which can reduce the waste of resources. At the same time, returning the straw to the field can provide sufficient nutrients for the soil, reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw stacking and burning, and effectively inhibit soil salinization.

[0078] Embodiment 4:

[0079] A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans comprises the following steps:

[0080] S1. Seed selection: Select soybean seeds of different qualities according to the different salinity and alkali content of the soil;

[0081] Remove diseased, insect-eaten, shrunken and impurities from the soybean seeds, wash them with clean water for 3 times, dry them for 18 hours, and then sieve the soybean seeds to remove small soybean seeds to obtain selected soybean seeds;

[0082] Among them, after obtaining the selected soybean seeds, the seeds are soaked in liquid medicine for coating. Soaking in liquid medicine can prevent the seeds from being eaten by insects after sowing, thus ensuring the germination rate of the seeds;

[0083] The liquid medicine is a mixture of one or more of carbendazim, carbofuran, fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M;

[0084] S2. Land preparation: Cut and till the soil by deep plowing, and add soil loosening agent during the cutting and tilling process to make the soil looser and more fertile;

[0085] The deep tillage depth is 50cm, and the soil loosening agent is rice husk, with a dosage of 20kg per mu;

[0086] S3. Fertilization: Use soil improvement fertilizer to reduce the salinity and alkali content of the soil, and make the soil nutrient higher under the action of soil improvement fertilizer, so as to ensure that soybeans can get sufficient nutrients after germination;

[0087] Among them, the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, with the straw mixture accounting for 60%, the organic fertilizer accounting for 10% and the bacterial fertilizer accounting for 10%;

[0088] The straw mixture is made by crushing and fermenting one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and sorghum straw;

[0089] Organic fertilizer is common poultry and livestock manure;

[0090] By applying soil conditioners, soil fertility can be ensured while effectively inhibiting soil salinization, thereby increasing the survival rate of soybeans;

[0091] S4, sowing: using sowing equipment to sow the selected soybean seeds obtained in S1, with a sowing amount of 5 kg per mu;

[0092] The sowing spacing is 50 cm between rows and 9 cm between plants;

[0093] S5. Top dressing: Apply calcium solution after soybean seedlings emerge, and irrigate at the right time during the jointing and heading period.

[0094] By cultivating soybeans through the above steps, not only can the emergence rate and survival rate be effectively improved during the cultivation process, but also the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, which can reduce the waste of resources. At the same time, returning the straw to the field can provide sufficient nutrients for the soil, reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw stacking and burning, and effectively inhibit soil salinization.

[0095] Embodiment five:

[0096] A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans comprises the following steps:

[0097] S1. Seed selection: Select soybean seeds of different qualities according to the different salinity and alkali content of the soil;

[0098] The diseased, insect-eaten, shrunken and impurities in the soybean seeds were removed, and the seeds were washed with clean water for 3 times. After drying for 13 hours, the soybean seeds were sieved to remove small soybean seeds, and the selected soybean seeds were obtained;

[0099] Among them, after obtaining the selected soybean seeds, the seeds are soaked in liquid medicine for coating. Soaking in liquid medicine can prevent the seeds from being eaten by insects after sowing, thus ensuring the germination rate of the seeds;

[0100] The liquid medicine is a mixture of one or more of carbendazim, carbofuran, fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M;

[0101] S2. Land preparation: Cut and till the soil by deep plowing, and add soil loosening agent during the cutting and tilling process to make the soil looser and more fertile;

[0102] The deep tillage depth is 30cm, and the soil loosening agent is rice husk, with a dosage of 30kg per mu;

[0103] S3. Fertilization: Use soil improvement fertilizer to reduce the salinity and alkali content of the soil, and make the soil nutrient higher under the action of soil improvement fertilizer, so as to ensure that soybeans can get sufficient nutrients after germination;

[0104] Among them, the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, with the straw mixture accounting for 50%, the organic fertilizer accounting for 40% and the bacterial fertilizer accounting for 10%;

[0105] The straw mixture is made by crushing and fermenting one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and sorghum straw;

[0106] Organic fertilizer is common poultry and livestock manure;

[0107] By applying soil conditioners, soil fertility can be ensured while effectively inhibiting soil salinization, thereby increasing the survival rate of soybeans;

[0108] S4, sowing: using sowing equipment to sow the selected soybean seeds obtained in S1, with a sowing amount of 6 kg per mu;

[0109] The sowing spacing is 55 cm between rows and 14 cm between plants;

[0110] S5. Top dressing: Apply calcium solution after soybean seedlings emerge, and irrigate at the right time during the jointing and heading period.

[0111] By cultivating soybeans through the above steps, not only can the emergence rate and survival rate be effectively improved during the cultivation process, but also the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, which can reduce the waste of resources. At the same time, returning the straw to the field can provide sufficient nutrients for the soil, reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw stacking and burning, and effectively inhibit soil salinization.

[0112] The following table shows the specific experimental data of the soybean cultivation method of the present invention:

[0113]

[0114] Cultivation by the method of the present invention can not only ensure the germination rate and the survival rate, but also be low-cost and convenient.

[0115] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybeans, comprising the following steps: S1. Seed selection: Select soybean seeds of different qualities according to the different salinity and alkali content of the soil; Remove diseased, insect-eaten, shrunken and impurities from the soybean seeds, wash with clean water for 2-3 times, dry the seeds for 10-20 hours, and then sieve the soybean seeds to remove small soybean seeds to obtain selected soybean seeds; S2. Land preparation: Cut and till the soil by deep plowing, and add soil loosening agent during the cutting and tilling process; S3. Fertilization: Use soil improvement fertilizer to control soil salinity; Among them, the soil improvement fertilizer is a mixture of straw mixture, organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, with the straw mixture accounting for 50%-60%, the organic fertilizer accounting for 10%-40%, and the bacterial fertilizer accounting for 10%-30%; S4, sowing: using sowing equipment to sow the selected soybean seeds obtained in S1, with a sowing amount of 4-6 kg per mu; S5. Top dressing: Apply calcium solution after soybean seedlings emerge, and irrigate at the right time during the jointing and heading period.

2. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: After obtaining the selected soybean seeds as described in S1, the seeds are soaked in a medicinal solution for coating.

3. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drug solution is a mixture of one or more of carbendazim, carbofuran, fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M.

4. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep tillage depth described in S2 is 30-50 cm, and the soil loosening agent is rice husk, and the dosage is 20-30 kg per mu.

5. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw mixture in S3 is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, and sorghum straw that are crushed and fermented; Organic fertilizer is common poultry and livestock manure.

6. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing spacing described in S4 is a row spacing between 40 and 60 centimeters.

7. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing spacing described in S4 is between 9 and 14 cm.

8. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 5, characterized in that: The straw mixture is fermented for 15 days and needs to be turned over during the fermentation process.

9. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 8, characterized in that: The straw mixture was fermented at a temperature of 40 degrees and turned at least twice a day.

10. A cultivation method for improving the salt-alkali tolerance of soybean according to claim 5, characterized in that: The straw mixture can be fermented together with the organic fertilizer or separately.

Images