Application of molybdenum-regulated synergist chrysin in promoting crop growth and root development

Abstract

The application provides application of molybdenum-regulated synergistic substance apigenin in promoting crop growth and root development, and systematically studies effects of exogenous apigenin on soybean growth and on phosphorus form and content in soil. Through comparison of differences between an experimental group and a control group, it is revealed that apigenin promotes development of a soybean root system. Apigenin has a positive influence on photosynthesis and physiological metabolism of soybean, and significantly improves phosphorus absorption and accumulation of a soybean aboveground part, and powerfully promotes an overall growth process of soybean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, specifically to the application of a molybdenum-regulated synergist, apigenin, in promoting crop growth and root development. Background Technology

[0002] Soybeans (Glycine max), as one of the world's most important grain and oil crops, have their growth and yield directly impacting global food security and agricultural economic stability. In China, soybeans are not only a key raw material for the food and feed industries but also a major source of high-quality plant protein and edible oil. However, facing ever-increasing market demand, domestic soybean production falls far short of self-sufficiency, leading to a heavy reliance on imports, which poses a challenge to national food security. Therefore, improving soybean yield and quality, and optimizing cultivation techniques, have become important directions for current agricultural research.

[0003] Root development plays a crucial role in soybean growth. As the primary organ for absorbing water and nutrients, the morphology and structure of the root system directly affect the overall growth vigor, stress resistance, and yield of the plant. Soybean plants with well-developed root systems can more effectively absorb nutrients from the soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, thus supporting vigorous growth and high yield of the above-ground parts. Therefore, promoting soybean root development is one of the key strategies for increasing soybean yield.

[0004] In recent years, the role of flavonoids in plant growth and development has received increasing attention. As secondary metabolites of plants, flavonoids are widely present in plants and possess a variety of biological functions. Among them, flavonoids have shown great potential in promoting plant root development. They can not only act as signaling molecules to regulate root cell division and elongation, but also indirectly promote root growth and development by improving the soil microbial environment and promoting plant-soil interactions. Chrysin, an important flavonoid compound, has seen its application potential in agriculture gradually explored in recent years due to its unique chemical structure and biological activity. Studies have shown that chrysin has significant effects on regulating plant growth and development and improving stress resistance. Especially in promoting plant root development, chrysin may optimize root architecture and improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption by influencing the synthesis and signal transduction of plant hormones. Furthermore, chrysin may also indirectly promote healthy soybean root growth by regulating soil microbial community structure and improving the soil microenvironment; however, the application of chrysin in soybean growth and phosphorus absorption has not yet been studied. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems, this invention provides the application of a molybdenum-regulated synergist, apigenin, in promoting crop growth and root development. The study investigates the effects of exogenous application of apigenin on soybean growth and on the form and content of phosphorus in the soil, and conducts in-depth research on the effects of apigenin on soybean roots, aiming to optimize the root structure of soybeans and thereby improve its nutrient absorption efficiency and growth performance.

[0006] Application of a molybdenum-regulated synergist, apigenin, in promoting crop growth and activating soil phosphorus, wherein the synergist contains apigenin and is used for the following purposes:

[0007] Increase crop plant height, aboveground dry weight, root length, root surface area, root volume, and root dry weight;

[0008] Increase the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate of crops;

[0009] Increase the phosphorus content and phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground parts of crops.

[0010] The crop in question is soybean.

[0011] The synergistic substance is a solution containing apigenin, and the concentration of apigenin in the solution is 1~10 μmol / L.

[0012] Preferably, the concentration of apigenin in the solution is 10 μmol / L.

[0013] The solution contains phosphorus and molybdenum nutrients.

[0014] The molybdenum nutrient is (NH4)6Mo7O. 24 ·4H2O.

[0015] The concentration of the molybdenum nutrient in the solution is 0.02 μM. This invention provides an application of apigenin in promoting soybean growth. At the optimal application concentration of 10 μmol / L, it significantly enhances soybean root development, including increases in root length, root surface area, and root volume, thereby optimizing the photosynthetic efficiency and physiological metabolic capacity of soybeans, improving phosphorus absorption and accumulation, and ultimately promoting the overall growth of soybeans. The invention also explores the potential of apigenin as a high-efficiency, environmentally friendly fertilizer additive to support high-yield and high-quality cultivation of soybeans and other crops. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 The effect of molybdenum application on phosphorus absorption and translocation in soybeans under different phosphorus levels;

[0017] Figure 2 The number of metabolites that are significantly altered by Mo under control treatment;

[0018] Figure 3The number of metabolites that show significant changes mediated by Mo under P treatment;

[0019] Figure 4 Fifty differentially metabolites mediated by Mo under control treatment;

[0020] Figure 5 Ninety-four differential metabolites mediated by Mo under P treatment;

[0021] Figure 6 The variation of salicylin abundance under different phosphorus levels mediated by molybdenum application;

[0022] Figure 7 The effect of different concentrations of acetic acid on soybean growth phenotype;

[0023] Figure 8 The effects of different concentrations of acetic acid on soybean growth indicators;

[0024] Figure 9 The effect of adding different concentrations of acetic acid on phosphorus absorption in soybeans. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the invention.

[0026] Example 1: Effect of molybdenum application on phosphorus uptake in soybeans

[0027] The experiment included two phosphorus addition levels: 0.015 g / kg (to ensure normal early crop growth), denoted as Control; and 0.15 g / kg, denoted as P. Two molybdenum addition levels were also included: 0 mg / kg, denoted as -Mo; and 0.15 mg / kg, denoted as +Mo. There were four treatments in total: Control-Mo, Control+Mo, P-Mo, and P+Mo, with four replicates for each treatment, for a total of 16 pots. The tested soybean variety was Tianlong No. 1. Soil was simultaneously placed in the inner and outer chambers of the root box and compacted. Soybean seeds were sown in the inner chamber for growth. Each pot, including the root box, contained 8.0 kg of soil.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown in the comparative analysis, at the same molybdenum addition level, phosphorus treatment significantly increased the aboveground phosphorus content, phosphorus translocation coefficient, aboveground phosphorus accumulation, root phosphorus accumulation, and overall phosphorus accumulation in soybeans, but had no significant effect on root phosphorus content. On the other hand, at the same phosphorus level, compared with no molybdenum treatment, molybdenum treatment not only significantly increased the aboveground phosphorus content, phosphorus translocation coefficient, and aboveground and whole-plant phosphorus accumulation in soybeans, but also significantly reduced the root phosphorus content and accumulation at both phosphorus levels. This indicates that molybdenum application can effectively improve the phosphorus absorption efficiency of soybeans at different phosphorus levels and promote the translocation of phosphorus from roots to aboveground parts, thereby increasing aboveground phosphorus accumulation and reducing root phosphorus accumulation.

[0029] Example 2: Effects of molybdenum application on soybean rhizosphere metabolites

[0030] Since molybdenum application can significantly increase the available phosphorus content in the soil, metabolomics methods can be used to systematically screen substances whose metabolite abundance in soybean roots changes significantly under molybdenum application treatment.

[0031] Figures 2-5 The results showed that, through detailed analysis in both positive and negative ion modes, we identified 584 metabolites. Figure 2 and Figure 4 In the control treatment with phosphorus addition, molybdenum application had a significant effect on metabolites. The abundance of 19 metabolites was increased after molybdenum application, while the abundance of 31 metabolites was decreased. The abundance of the remaining 534 metabolites did not change significantly. Figure 3 and Figure 5 Under P treatment conditions, among the metabolites affected by molybdenum and phosphorus, the abundance of 33 metabolites significantly increased after molybdenum application, while the abundance of 61 metabolites significantly decreased. Further KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that under P+Mo treatment, differentially enriched metabolites were mainly concentrated in four key metabolic pathways: flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, caprolactam degradation, and carbohydrate digestion and absorption.

[0032] Figure 6In the study, under the phosphorus supplementation level P, the enrichment of differential metabolites was more widespread, significantly distributed across 20 metabolic pathways. Particularly, pathways such as ABC transporter, galactose metabolism, cysteine ​​and methionine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, thermogenesis, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, mineral absorption, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance showed significant enrichment. Given that differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway at both phosphorus levels, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the flavonoids showing differential changes under these two phosphorus levels. Under P treatment, the addition of molybdenum significantly increased the abundance of Vignafulan, phlorizin, neoisalloside, hesperidin 5-O-glucoside, and catechin 7-glucoside. Under molybdenum treatment, the abundance of one flavonoid, apigenin, showed a significant difference, as shown in the following figures. Figure 6 As shown, flavonoids have the advantages of low cost and wide availability compared to other flavonoids.

[0033] Example 3: Determining the concentration of apigenin

[0034] The growth-promoting effect of chrysin (Cs) on soybeans was tested. The nutrient solution culture experiment was conducted in the glass greenhouse of the College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University. The growth conditions were set at 25℃, with 14 h of light. Plastic boxes (30.3 × 20.5 × 8.5 cm) were used as culture containers. Both the plastic boxes and foam board lids were opaque, and each container contained 3 L of nutrient solution. The nutrient solution formula was: 4 mM Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, 1 mM NH4NO3, 1 mM KH2PO4, 5 mM KNO3, 2 mM MgSO4·7H2O, 9.55 μM MnSO4·4H2O, 46.28 μM H3BO3, 0.77 μM ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.32 μM CuSO4·5H2O, and 0.02 μM (NH4)6Mo7O. 24 • 4H2O, 98.09μM EDTA-Fe, change the nutrient solution every 4 days.

[0035] The flavonoids were dissolved in 0.5 mL of 80% methanol and added to the nutrient solution. The concentrations of flavonoids in the nutrient solution were set at 0 μmol / L, 0.5 μmol / L, 1 μmol / L, 2 μmol / L, 5 μmol / L, and 10 μmol / L. The control treatment received the same amount of 80% methanol, and each treatment was repeated three times. Soybeans were harvested after 30 days of growth, and the dry matter and phosphorus content of the plants were measured. Intact, plump soybean seeds were selected, disinfected by soaking in a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 minutes, rinsed with ultrapure water, and soaked for 3 hours to allow the soybeans to fully absorb water and expose the embryo. The seeds were then evenly sown into vermiculite for seedling cultivation. Four days later, when the seedlings reached approximately 5 cm in height and the cotyledons were unfolded, they were transplanted. Six soybean seedlings of uniform growth were selected and planted in each pot, using a sponge to hold the soybeans in place to prevent slippage. Soybeans were harvested after 30 days of growth.

[0036] The following phenotypic indicators and photosynthetic parameters of soybeans were determined: (1) Plant height: The height of the main stem of soybeans was measured with a tape measure at harvest; (2) Dry weight: The samples of each part of soybeans were blanched at 105℃ for 30 min and dried at 60℃ to constant weight, and the dry weight was recorded; (3) Photosynthetic parameters: Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were measured using a portable photosynthesis instrument (LICOR-6400XT) at 8-11 am on a sunny day; (4) Determination of plant phosphorus content: 0.1500 g of plant sample was weighed and put into a 50 ml digestion tube. 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was added and the sample was left to stand overnight. The sample was then preheated at 160℃ in an infrared digestion oven for 10-15 minutes. The temperature was then increased to 280℃. The sample was removed and cooled slightly in the middle. A small amount of 30% H2O2 was added and the process was repeated several times until the digestion liquid became clear. After making up the volume and filtering, the phosphorus content was determined using a flow analyzer.

[0037] After scanning the root system using an Epson Scan System (V700PHOTO, Epson, Japan), the root length, root volume, root surface area, and root diameter were analyzed using the root imaging analysis software WinRHI-ZO Version 2009 PRO (Quebec, Canada). The analysis results are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1 Effects of guarcin on soybean root morphology

[0039]

[0040] As shown in Table 1, the experimental results reveal that soybean root length and volume exhibited a significant increasing trend with increasing concentrations of apigenin. Specifically, when the treatment concentration reached 10 μmol / L, both root length and volume reached their maximum values, with root length increasing significantly by 13% and root volume by 10% compared to the control group. Furthermore, a similar increasing trend was observed in the root surface area, which increased by 19% compared to the control group. However, no significant changes were observed in the root diameter of soybean at any of the apigenin treatment concentrations. These experimental results further confirm the positive promoting effect of apigenin on soybean root growth.

[0041] Furthermore, apigenin not only promoted soybean root development, but this promoting effect also led to a significant increase in photosynthesis. Specifically, with increasing apigenin concentration, soybean roots were strengthened, resulting in a gradual increase in net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration, as shown in Table 2. This enhancement was maximized at apigenin concentrations of 5 and 10. In particular, at 10 μmol / L apigenin treatment, due to significant root development, the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular apigenin concentration, and transpiration rate of soybeans increased significantly by 28.07%, 19.49%, and 17.91%, respectively, while no significant change in stomatal conductance was observed due to apigenin treatment. These results indicate that apigenin enhances soybean photosynthetic capacity by promoting root development.

[0042] Table 2 Effects of guarcin on soybean photosynthetic rate

[0043]

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown, a concentration of 10 μmol / L of salicumin (Cs) significantly increased the dry weight of soybean roots by 18.70%, indicating that salicumin has a significant promoting effect on the growth and development of soybean roots. Furthermore, good root development lays a solid foundation for the vigorous growth of the aboveground parts, which in turn led to significant increases in plant height and aboveground dry weight of 19.55% and 26.19%, respectively.

[0045] like Figure 9 As shown, salicumin (Cs) significantly promoted the phosphorus content and phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground parts of soybean. Specifically, after applying different concentrations of salicumin, the phosphorus content and phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground parts of soybean showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching peak values ​​under the Cs1, Cs2, and Cs5 treatments. This trend indicates that salicumin optimizes the allocation of phosphorus to the aboveground parts by promoting root development.

[0046] This invention provides an application of astaxanthin in promoting soybean growth. It systematically studies the effect of molybdenum application on astaxanthin in soybean roots, and investigates the effects of exogenous molybdenum application on soybean growth, soybean roots, and the forms and contents of phosphorus in the soil. Please note that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection. Various equivalent substitutions and modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and essence of this method. Although the invention has been specifically described in conjunction with various specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention should not be limited to these specific embodiments. In fact, various modifications as described above that are obvious to those skilled in the art to obtain the invention should be included within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. The application of a molybdenum-regulated synergist, apigenin, in promoting crop growth and root development, wherein the synergist is used for the following purposes: Increase crop plant height, aboveground dry weight, root length, root surface area, root volume, and root dry weight; Increase the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate of crops; Increase the phosphorus content and phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground parts of crops; The synergistic substance is a solution containing apigenin, and the concentration of apigenin in the solution is 1~10 μmol / L; The solution contains phosphorus and molybdenum nutrients, and the crop is selected from soybeans.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of apigenin in the solution is 10 μmol / L.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molybdenum nutrient is (NH4)6Mo7O. 24 ·4H2O.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, The concentration of the molybdenum nutrient in the solution is 0.02 μM.

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