Thermal knife power method for supercapacitor-based satellite solar array deployment

Abstract

The application relates to the field of aerospace technology and discloses a thermal knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on a super capacitor, which comprises a super capacitor module for storing electric energy; a thermal knife assembly made of high-resistance material, which generates heat through instant power-on and is used for cutting the fixing device of a solar panel; and a control circuit comprising a charging module, a discharge control module and a temperature monitoring module; the super capacitor module comprises an MXene and COF composite electrode, and the composite electrode is prepared through the following steps: step one, etching TiVAlC powder to obtain TiVCTx MXene; and step two, mixing and dissolving tetraaminophenylene diamine and trialkyltrianiline and heating to react to obtain COF. In order to realize effective combination of COF particles and MXene, a hydrothermal assisted synthesis method is adopted in the research. The method utilizes chemical reactions under hydrothermal conditions to enable COF particles to grow in situ on the surface of MXene, thereby forming a novel MXene / COF (MCF) composite material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace technology, specifically to a hot knife power supply method for deploying satellite solar panels based on supercapacitors. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of aerospace technology, an increasing number of satellites are being successfully launched into space. As a crucial component of the power subsystem, the satellite's solar array plays a vital role. Its function is not only to provide a stable power supply but also to directly impact the satellite's overall operation and lifespan. Therefore, designing an efficient, stable, and reliable solar array deployment and recovery mechanism has become a key research focus in order to improve satellite energy harvesting efficiency and extend its service life.

[0003] In existing technologies, traditional satellite solar panels are typically secured using pyrotechnic devices such as cutters, and then unlocked by detonation of the pyrotechnics after orbit insertion. These devices offer advantages such as high load-bearing capacity, short operating time, and high synchronization, but also have insurmountable drawbacks, including poor safety, non-reusability, difficulty in verifying reliability, large impact loads, and potential pollution. Supercapacitors, as a novel energy storage device, possess immense application value in military satellite systems due to their ultra-high reliability, stability, tolerance to harsh environments, and ability to support ultra-high current rapid charging and discharging. Therefore, non-pyrotechnic connection and separation devices based on supercapacitors have become a research hotspot.

[0004] The main problems with existing technologies are that traditional pyrotechnic devices suffer from poor safety, non-reusability, and difficulty in verifying reliability during the deployment and recovery of satellite solar panels. These shortcomings not only increase the operational risks of the satellite but may also shorten the lifespan of the solar panels in the space environment, thereby affecting the overall performance of the satellite. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a hot knife power supply method for deploying satellite solar panels based on supercapacitors. This method solves the problems that traditional solar panels may encounter during deployment and recovery, such as complex structure, difficult operation, and easy damage, which affect their stability and service life.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hot knife power supply method for deploying satellite solar panels based on supercapacitors, comprising:

[0007] Supercapacitor modules are used to store electrical energy;

[0008] The hot knife assembly, made of high-resistivity material, heats up instantly when energized and is used as a fixing device for cutting solar panels;

[0009] The control circuit comprises a charging module, a discharging control module and a temperature monitoring module.

[0010] The supercapacitor module comprises a MXene and COF composite electrode, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0011] Step one, etching TiVAlC powder to obtain TiVCTxMXene;

[0012] Step two, mixing and dissolving tetraaminophenyl diamine and trialdehyde triphenylamine and heating to react to obtain COF;

[0013] Step three, reacting MXene with tetraaminophenyl diamine and trialdehyde triphenylamine solution under hydrothermal conditions to form MXene / COF composite material.

[0014] Preferably, in the step three, the specific capacitance of the electrode material is calculated by the formula:

[0015]

[0016] Wherein, I is the discharge current, Δt is the discharge time, m is the mass of the electrode material, Δv

[0017] is the voltage change.

[0018] Preferably, the preparation step of the TiVCTxMXene specifically comprises:

[0019] 1.0g of lithium fluoride is added to 20.0mL of 9M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and stirred for 20 minutes;

[0020] 1.0g of TiVAlC powder is slowly added and transferred to an oil bath pot, and reacted at 45℃ for 48 hours;

[0021] After the reaction is completed, the supernatant is removed by centrifugation at 3500rpm for 5 minutes using a high-speed centrifuge, and the washing is repeated until the pH is neutral to obtain a TiVCTxMXene aqueous solution;

[0022] The obtained TiVCTxMXene aqueous solution is freeze-dried to obtain TiVCTxMXene powder. Preferably, the preparation step of the COF specifically comprises:

[0023] 0.015mM of tetraaminophenyl diamine and 0.02mM of trialdehyde triphenylamine are dissolved in 10mL of mixed solvent of o-dichlorobenzene and n-butanol with a volume ratio of 1:1;

[0024] Heating at 120℃ for 48 hours;

[0025] After the reaction is completed, the COF solid is separated by suction filtration and washed with anhydrous ethanol;

[0026] The solvent and moisture in the COF are removed by freeze-drying method to obtain COF powder. Preferably, the preparation steps of the MXene / COF composite material specifically include:

[0027] Dissolve 2 mg of MXene and 7 mg of tetraaminophenylene diamine in 20 mL of mixed solvent of o-dichlorobenzene and n-butanol with a volume ratio of 1:1, and use ultrasonic treatment to ensure uniform dispersion;

[0028] Add 6.587 mg of tri-aldehyde triphenylamine and 100 μL of acetic acid to the solution and transfer it to a 100 mL reaction kettle;

[0029] React for 48 hours in a constant temperature environment of 60°C;

[0030] After the reaction is completed, the MXene / COF composite material is separated and washed with anhydrous ethanol;

[0031] The solvent and moisture are removed by freeze-drying method to obtain the MXene / COF composite material

[0032] powder.

[0033] Preferably, the power density calculation formula of the electrode material of the supercapacitor module is:

[0034] P = E

[0035] Δt

[0036] Wherein, E is the energy density, and Δt is the discharge time.

[0037] Preferably, the control circuit comprises:

[0038] A charging module for pre-charging the supercapacitor module on the ground;

[0039] A discharge control module for starting the supercapacitor module after the satellite is launched into orbit to discharge the hot knife assembly;

[0040] A temperature monitoring module for real-time monitoring of the hot knife temperature to ensure that it works within a safe range.

[0041] Preferably, the electrolyte configuration step in step three specifically includes:

[0042] Dissolve 9.25 m of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) and 21 m of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) in dimethyl carbonate and deionized water, respectively;

[0043] Mix them at a mass ratio of 1:1 to prepare an electrolyte.

[0044] Preferably, step three further includes an electrode preparation step, which can be used to prepare an electrode using any one of MXene, COF, or MXene / COF (MCF) powder as the active material, specifically including:

[0045] Mix MXene, COF, or MXene / COF (MCF) powder with N-methylpyrrolidone to form a slurry;

[0046] Apply the slurry to the current collector, ensuring uniform distribution;

[0047] The electrode sheet was obtained by vacuum drying at 80°C for 12 hours.

[0048] Preferably, step three further includes a step for preparing an activated carbon electrode, specifically including:

[0049] Activated carbon, conductive carbon black as the conductive agent, and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion as the binder are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1:1 and ground until homogeneous.

[0050] The mixed slurry is rolled into sheets to ensure uniform thickness;

[0051] Dry at room temperature for 12 hours;

[0052] Cut the pieces into 12mm diameter round pieces using a cutting machine for later use.

[0053] This invention provides a hot knife power supply method for deploying satellite solar panels based on supercapacitors. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] 1. This invention employs a hydrothermal-assisted synthesis method to achieve effective bonding between COF particles and MXene. This method utilizes a chemical reaction under hydrothermal conditions to allow COF particles to grow in situ on the surface of MXene, thereby forming a novel MXene / COF (MCF) composite material. This synthesis strategy not only ensures a tight bond between COF particles and MXene but also helps maintain the original two-dimensional structure and high conductivity of MXene. By precisely controlling the hydrothermal reaction conditions, such as temperature, time, and precursor concentration, the growth process of COF on the MXene surface can be optimized, resulting in an MCF composite material with ideal structure and properties.

[0055] 2、The present application combines the high conductivity of MXene with the porous structure of COF, the MCF composite not only increases its specific surface area, but also improves the ion migration efficiency. The conductivity of MXene provides a way for the rapid transmission of electrons, while the porous structure of COF provides abundant channels for ion diffusion and migration. This synergistic effect makes the MCF composite exhibit excellent performance in electrochemical applications, such as supercapacitors, batteries and electrocatalysis. In addition, increasing the specific surface area also helps to increase the number of active sites of the material, thereby further improving its electrochemical performance.

[0056]

[0057] 3、The present application makes an innovative change to the deployment and recovery method of satellite solar panels, which significantly improves the efficiency of electrical energy use. Through optimization design, the new deployment and recovery mechanism not only simplifies the structure, reduces potential failure points, but also improves the reliability and efficiency of operation. This improvement can ensure that the solar panels operate more stably and durably in space environment, thereby improving the energy collection efficiency of the satellite, prolonging the life of the satellite, and reducing the maintenance cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of COF of the present application;

[0059] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the XRD spectrum of TiVAlCMAX and TiVCTxMXene of the present application;

[0060] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the XRD spectrum of TiVCTxMXene, COF and MCF of the present application;

[0061] Figure 4 is an infrared spectrum of MXene, COF and MCF of the present application;

[0062] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the SEM image of the material of the present application;

[0063] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the contact angle of the present application;

[0064] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the capacitance value at different scan speeds calculated by the integral area of the CV curve of the present application;

[0065] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the CV curve of the present application;

[0066] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the GCD curve of the present application;

[0067] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the Nyquist plot of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION​

[0068] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of, not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0069] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of, not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0070] Embodiment one:

[0071] Please refer to FIG. 1-FIG. 10, the present application embodiment provides a hot knife power supply method based on super capacitor for satellite solar panel deployment, comprising:

[0072] A super capacitor module for storing electrical energy;

[0073] A hot knife assembly made of high-resistance material, which generates heat through instantaneous power supply, used to cut the fixing device of the solar panel;

[0074] A control circuit including a charging module, a discharging control module and a temperature monitoring module;

[0075] The super capacitor module includes a MXene and COF composite electrode, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0076] Step one, etching TiVAlC powder to obtain TiVCTxMXene;

[0077] Step two, mixing and dissolving p-phenylenediamine and trialkaline triphenylamine and heating to react to obtain COF;

[0078] Step three, reacting MXene with p-phenylenediamine and trialkaline triphenylamine solution under hydrothermal conditions to form MXene / COF composite material.

[0079] Step 1: Material selection

[0080] In this embodiment, TiVCTxMXene and COF (covalent organic framework) are selected as the composite material. TiVCTxMXene has high conductivity, and COF has high specific surface area. The combination of the two can construct high-performance electrode materials. Through this material combination, the electrochemical performance of the super capacitor can be effectively improved, providing higher energy density and power density.

[0081] Step 2: Composite electrode preparation.

[0082] In this embodiment, COF is grown in situ between MXene nanosheets through a hydrothermal-assisted synthesis method, ensuring effective bonding of COF particles to MXene. The specific steps are as follows:

[0083] Mixed solution preparation: Dissolve 2mg of MXene and 7mg of Tp (tetraaminophenyl diamine) in 20mL of mixed solvent (o-dichlorobenzene and n-butanol, volume ratio 1:1).

[0084] Ultrasonic treatment: Use ultrasonic treatment to ensure uniform dispersion of MXene and Tp in the solvent.

[0085] Reaction solution preparation: Add 6.587mg of TFA (trifunctional triphenylamine) and 100μL of acetic acid to the solution.

[0086] Hydrothermal reaction: Transfer the reaction solution to a 100mL reaction kettle and react at a constant temperature of 60°C for 48 hours.

[0087] Cleaning and drying: After the reaction is complete, separate and clean the obtained MXene / COF composite material with anhydrous ethanol, and then freeze-dry to obtain MXene / COF composite material powder.

[0088] Through the above steps, the obtained MXene / COF composite material can significantly improve the conductivity and ion conduction efficiency of the electrode, providing a guarantee for the high performance of supercapacitors.

[0089] Preparation of TiVCTxMXene

[0090] In this embodiment, the preparation steps of TiVCTxMXene include:

[0091] Solution configuration: Add 1.0g of lithium fluoride to 20.0mL of 9M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and stir for 20 minutes.

[0092] Add TiVAlC: Slowly add 1.0g of TiVAlC powder and transfer to an oil bath pot, react at 45°C for 48 hours.

[0093] Centrifugation and washing: After the reaction is complete, centrifuge the solution at 3500rpm for 5

[0094] minutes with a high-speed centrifuge, remove the supernatant, and repeat the washing until the pH is neutral to obtain a TiVCTxMXene aqueous solution.

[0095] Freeze-drying: Freeze-dry the TiVCTxMXene aqueous solution to obtain TiVCTxMXene powder.

[0096] This step ensures the purity and performance of MXene materials through fine chemical treatment and physical separation, providing high-quality base materials for subsequent electrode preparation.

[0097] Preparation of COF

[0098] In this embodiment, the COF preparation steps specifically include:

[0099] Solution configuration: Dissolve 0.015mM of tetraaminophenyl diamine (Tp) and 0.02mM of tri-aldehyde triphenylamine (TFA) in 10mL of mixed solvent of o-dichlorobenzene and n-butanol, volume ratio 1:1.

[0100] Heating reaction: heat at 120℃ for 48 hours.

[0101] Separation and washing: after the reaction is completed, the COF solid is separated by suction filtration and washed with anhydrous ethanol.

[0102] Freeze-drying: use freeze-drying method to remove solvent and moisture in COF, get COF powder.

[0103] Through the above steps, the preparation process of COF can ensure that it has high specific surface area and good electrochemical activity, providing high-quality materials for the preparation of composite electrodes.

[0104] Configuration of electrolyte

[0105] In this embodiment, the electrolyte configuration steps specifically include:

[0106] Dissolution process: dissolve 9.25mL iTFSI and 21mL iTFSI in DMC (dimethyl carbonate) and deionized water respectively.

[0107] Mixing process: mix the two solvents in a mass ratio of 1:1 to configure the electrolyte.

[0108] This electrolyte configuration process ensures the high conductivity and stability of the electrolyte, suitable for efficient charging and discharging of supercapacitors.

[0109] Preparation of electrode sheet

[0110] In this embodiment, the electrode sheet preparation steps specifically include:

[0111] Preparation of MXene, COF, MXene / COF (MCF) electrode sheet

[0112] Slurry preparation: Mix MXene, COF, MXene / COF (MCF) powder with NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) uniformly to form a slurry.

[0113] Coating process: Apply the slurry on the current collector (such as copper foil or aluminum foil) to ensure uniform distribution.

[0114] Drying process: Dry the electrode sheet in a vacuum at 80°C for 12 hours.

[0115] Material mixing: Mix activated carbon, conductive agent SuperP, and binder PTFE dispersion liquid in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and grind until uniform.

[0116] Rolling into a sheet: Roll the mixed slurry into a sheet to ensure uniform thickness.

[0117] Sheet cutting process: Dry at room temperature for 12 hours, and cut into 12mm diameter circles with a sheet cutting machine for standby.

[0118] Electrochemical test

[0119] In this example, the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor is tested by the following steps: three-electrode system test

[0120] Electrode configuration: MXene, COF, MXene / COF (MCF) electrodes are used as working electrodes, Ag / AgCl electrode as reference electrode, and activated carbon as counter electrode to form a three-electrode system.

[0121] Electrochemical test: Perform cyclic voltammetry (CV) test and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) test under three-electrode system.

[0122] The specific capacitance of the electrode material is calculated by the formula:

[0123]

[0124] Asymmetric supercapacitor assembly and test

[0125] Supercapacitor assembly: Assemble an asymmetric supercapacitor with MCF as the negative electrode and activated carbon as the positive electrode.

[0126] Electrochemical performance test: Perform CV test, GCD test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test.

[0127] The energy density of the supercapacitor is calculated by the formula:

[0128] Where C is the capacitance and ΔV is the working voltage.

[0129] The power density of the supercapacitor is calculated as follows:

[0130]

[0131] Where E is the energy density, and ΔV is the discharge time.

[0132] Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to analyze the impedance characteristics of the capacitor and determine the ion transport and charge transfer impedance.

[0133] Hot knife power system composition

[0134] In this embodiment, the composition of the hot knife power system specifically includes:

[0135] Supercapacitor module: provides high-power pulses for instant heating of the hot knife.

[0136] Hot knife assembly: made of high-resistance material, generates heat instantaneously through electrification, used for cutting the fixing device of the solar sail.

[0137] Control circuit: includes charging module, discharge control module, and temperature monitoring module, ensures the stability and safety of the system.

[0138] The design and combination of these components ensure the efficient operation and reliability of the hot knife power system.

[0139] Working principle of hot knife power

[0140] In this embodiment, the working principle of the hot knife power is as follows:

[0141] Charging: the supercapacitor module is charged in advance on the ground to store electrical energy.

[0142] Discharge: after the satellite enters the orbit, the control circuit starts the supercapacitor module to discharge the hot knife assembly.

[0143] Heating: the hot knife assembly generates heat instantaneously, cutting the fixing device of the solar sail, and releasing the solar sail to unfold.

[0144] Monitoring: the temperature monitoring module in the discharge process monitors the temperature of the hot knife in real time to ensure it works within a safe range.

[0145] Through the above working principle, the reliable unfolding of the satellite solar sail and the efficient operation of the system are ensured.

[0146] System integration and optimization

[0147] In this embodiment, the system integration and optimization steps specifically include:

[0148] Optimize supercapacitor design: adjust the composite ratio of MXene and COF to increase the specific surface area and ion migration efficiency of the electrode material.

[0149] Introducing conductive materials: Introducing carbon nanotubes in the MXene / COF composite material to further improve the conductivity and electron transmission rate of the material.

[0150] Improving the hot knife design: Using high-efficiency heat-conducting materials to improve the working efficiency and service life of the hot knife. In a preferred embodiment, the improved supercapacitor module design

[0151] This preferred embodiment is based on the previous implementation, further optimizing the design of the supercapacitor module, especially the optimization of electrode materials and the selection of electrolyte.

[0152] Improved supercapacitor module design

[0153] Optimization of electrode materials

[0154] In this embodiment, the composite ratio of MXene and COF is further optimized, and carbon nanotubes are introduced as additional conductive materials. The specific steps are as follows:

[0155] Preparation of composite materials:

[0156] Preparation of MXene: TiVCTxMXene is prepared by the aforementioned method.

[0157] Preparation of COF: COF is prepared by the aforementioned method.

[0158] Preparation of composite materials: Add an appropriate amount of carbon nanotubes to the solution of MXene and COF, uniformly disperse by ultrasonic, and react the solution in a constant temperature environment of 60°C for 48 hours to obtain MXene / COF / CNT composite material.

[0159] Cleaning and drying: After the reaction is completed, the obtained MXene / COF / CNT composite material is separated and cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, and then freeze-dried to obtain a composite material powder.

[0160] Preparation of electrode sheet:

[0161] Preparation of slurry: Mix the MXene / COF / CNT powder with NMP uniformly to form a slurry.

[0162] Coating and drying: Coat the slurry on the current collector (such as copper foil or aluminum foil) to ensure uniform distribution. Vacuum dry at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain a dry electrode sheet.

[0163] Selection of electrolyte

[0164] In this embodiment, the selection of electrolyte is further optimized as follows:

[0165] Mixed electrolyte: 9.25 mL iTFSI and 21 mL iTFSI were dissolved in a mixed solvent of DMC (dimethyl carbonate), PC (propylene carbonate), and EC (ethylene carbonate) (volume ratio 2:2:1) to ensure higher conductivity and stability of the electrolyte.

[0166] Configuration process: mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, configured as an electrolyte.

[0167] Through the above optimization, the supercapacitor module of the preferred embodiment has significantly improved energy density and power density, as well as higher cycle stability and longer service life.

[0168] These optimization measures ensure the high performance and reliability of the system, adapting to the harsh conditions of space environment.

[0169] In a preferred embodiment, the improved hot knife assembly design

[0170] Optimization of hot knife material

[0171] In this embodiment, the material selection of the hot knife is further optimized, using a composite material with high thermal conductivity and high resistivity, with the following specific steps:

[0172] Hot knife material preparation:

[0173] Material selection: Silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum nitride (AlN) are selected as the main materials of the hot knife, ensuring high thermal conductivity and high resistivity.

[0174] Material synthesis: By high-temperature sintering method, silicon carbide and aluminum nitride are mixed to prepare high-performance composite material hot knife.

[0175] Forming processing: The synthesized composite material is processed into the shape and size required by the hot knife, ensuring that it can effectively heat and cut the fixing device of the solar sail during work.

[0176] Improved control circuit design

[0177] Optimization of control circuit

[0178] In this embodiment, the design of the control circuit is further optimized, as follows:

[0179] Charging module: Increased current control and voltage monitoring functions to ensure the safety and stability of the supercapacitor module during ground charging.

[0180] Discharge control module: Intelligent control chip is adopted to realize precise control of the hot knife assembly, ensuring the stability and efficiency during discharge.

[0181] Temperature monitoring module: added multi-point temperature monitoring function, real-time monitoring of hot knife temperature changes, to ensure that it works within a safe range.

[0182] Experimental evidence:

[0183] Material characterization

[0184] X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis

[0185] Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, TiVAlCMAX, TiVCTxMXene, COF, MXene / COF (MCF) were tested, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0186] Figure 1(a) shows that TiVAlC has a clear (002) diffraction peak at 7.36 ° after selective etching, which proves the successful preparation of TiVCTxMXene.

[0187] Figure 2(b) shows that after the assembly of MXene and COF, the crystal face diffraction peak of MXene moves from 7.36 ° to 7.29 °, indicating that the addition of COF expands the interlayer spacing of the electrode material.

[0188] Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT IR) analysis

[0189] In order to understand the distribution of functional groups on the surface of the sample, infrared spectroscopy test was conducted on MXene, COF and MCF samples, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0190] MXene has obvious characteristic peaks at 3441, 1596 and 1366 cm-1, corresponding to the vibration of hydroxyl functional group and the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O.

[0191] The COF sample has characteristic peaks at 1500, 1593 and 1264 cm-1, which are related to the vibration of C=C and the stretching vibration of two C-O.

[0192] Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis

[0193] Through scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, the microstructure of the material was observed, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0194] Figure 5(a) shows that TiVAlCMAX phase powder has a ladder-like morphology.

[0195] Figure 5(b) shows that after etching and peeling of the MAX phase, flaky TiVCTxMXene is successfully prepared.

[0196] Figure 5(c) shows that the COF powder is spherical.

[0197] Figure 5(d) shows that the cross-section of the MXene electrode is stacked layer by layer.

[0198] Figure 5(e) shows that the MCF electrode plane is wrinkled, which expands the contact area and facilitates the infiltration of the electrolyte.

[0199] Figure 5(f) shows that in the cross-section of the MCF electrode, the COF is spherical and attached to the electrode layer.

[0200] Contact angle test

[0201] In order to explore the infiltration ability of electrolyte on different electrode materials, electrolyte was added on MXene, COF, and MCF electrode materials respectively, and the contact angle was measured, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0202] Figure 6(a) shows that the contact angle of electrolyte droplet on MXene material is 71.653 °. Figure 6(b) shows that the contact angle of electrolyte droplet on COF material is 41.964 °.

[0203] Figure 6(c) shows that the contact angle of electrolyte droplet on MCF material is 38.754 °.

[0204] As can be seen, MCF material has better infiltration ability to electrolyte, which is more conducive to contact with ions in electrolyte, increases the charge transfer efficiency, and promotes the improvement of electrochemical performance.

[0205] Electrochemical performance test

[0206] Three-electrode test:

[0207] The electrochemical performance of MXene, COF, and MCF electrodes was tested in a three-electrode system, and the CV curve results are shown in Figures 7(a), (b), and (c), which show good reversibility.

[0208] Figure 7(d) shows that at 2mV / s, the mass specific capacitance of MXene electrode is 27.0F / g, COF electrode is 26.1F / g, and MCF electrode is 42.3F / g, indicating that the specific capacitance of the composite material is significantly improved.

[0209] MCF / / AC supercapacitor electrochemical performance test:

[0210] MCF / / AC supercapacitors were assembled and tested for electrochemical performance, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0211] Figure 8(a) shows that the CV curves of the MCF / / AC supercapacitor have good electrochemical response at 5mV / s and 8mV / s, with a voltage window of 2.0V.

[0212] Figure 9(b) shows that the GCD curve has a quasi-triangular shape, with a good coulombic efficiency (98%).

[0213] Figure 10(c) shows that the Nyquist plot has a large slope in the low-frequency region, indicating excellent ion transport capability.

[0214] Comparative Example 1:

[0215] Pulse modulation hot knife power supply system:

[0216] Using pulse width modulation (PWM) control technology, the discharge speed and current size of the supercapacitor can be finely adjusted, thereby accurately controlling the temperature and heating time of the hot knife. This system can be programmed with different PWM modes to adapt to different operating scenarios, such as deployment tasks at different ambient temperatures. PWM technology also helps to reduce energy waste and improve overall energy efficiency.

[0217]

[0218] Comparative Example 2:

[0219] Reusable hot knife cycle power supply system:

[0220] This system is designed to allow multiple deployment operations during different task phases, and the supercapacitor allows rapid charging after partial discharge, eliminating the need to wait for complete discharge. This design increases the flexibility and application range of the system, suitable for the needs of multiple deployment of solar panels in long-term tasks. The selection and management system of the capacitor will ensure the long-term stability and reliability of the capacitor.

[0221]

[0222] Table 1

[0223] Through comparison of experimental data, Example 1 shows significant advantages in energy density, power density, cycle life and heating efficiency, thus the preferred embodiment of the present application significantly improves the performance and reliability of the hot knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on supercapacitors, suitable for more severe space environments and meets the actual application requirements.

[0224] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.​

Claims

1. A hot knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on supercapacitors, characterized in that, include: Supercapacitor modules are used to store electrical energy; The hot knife assembly, made of high-resistivity material, heats up instantly when energized and is used as a fixing device for cutting solar panels; The control circuit includes a charging module, a discharging control module, and a temperature monitoring module; The supercapacitor module includes an MXene and COF composite electrode, which is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: Etch TiVAlC powder to obtain TiVCTxMXene; Step 2: Mix and dissolve tetraaminophenylenediamine and trialdehyde triphenylamine and heat to react to obtain COF; Step 3: MXene is reacted with tetraaminophenylenediamine and trialdehyde triphenylamine solutions under hydrothermal conditions to form MXene / COF composite material; The specific steps for preparing the MXene / COF composite material include: 2 mg MXene and 7 mg tetraaminophenylenediamine were dissolved in 20 mL of a mixed solvent of o-dichlorobenzene and n-butanol at a volume ratio of 1:1, and ultrasonic treatment was used to ensure uniform dispersion. Add 6.587 mg of trialdehyde triphenylamine and 100 μL of acetic acid to the solution, and transfer it to a 100 mL reaction vessel; The reaction was carried out at a constant temperature of 60℃ for 48 hours. After the reaction was completed, the MXene / COF composite material was separated and washed with anhydrous ethanol; Solvent and moisture were removed by freeze drying to obtain MXene / COF composite powder; The control circuit includes: The charging module is used to precharge the supercapacitor module on the ground. The discharge control module is used to activate the supercapacitor module after the satellite enters orbit to discharge the hot knife assembly; The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature of the hot knife in real time to ensure that it operates within a safe range.

2. The hot knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the specific capacitance of the electrode material is calculated using the following formula: Where I is the discharge current, Δt is the discharge time, m is the mass of the electrode material, and Δv is the voltage change.

3. The hot knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation steps of TiVCTxMXene specifically include: Add 1.0 g of lithium fluoride to 20.0 mL of 9 M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and stir for 20 minutes; Slowly add 1.0 g TiVAlC powder, transfer to an oil bath, and react at 45°C for 48 hours; After the reaction was completed, the mixture was centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 minutes using an ultra-high speed centrifuge to remove the supernatant. The mixture was then washed repeatedly until the pH was neutral to obtain an aqueous solution of TiVCTxMXene. The obtained TiVCTxMXene aqueous solution was freeze-dried to obtain TiVCTxMXene powder.

4. The deployment of satellite solar panels based on supercapacitors as described in claim 1. The hot knife power supply method is characterized by, The specific steps for preparing the COF include: Dissolve 0.015 mM tetraaminophenylenediamine and 0.02 mM trialdehyde triphenylamine in 10 mL of a mixed solvent of o-dichlorobenzene and n-butanol, at a volume ratio of 1:

1. The reaction was carried out at 120°C for 48 hours. After the reaction was complete, the COF solid was separated by vacuum filtration and washed with anhydrous ethanol; The solvent and moisture in COF were removed by freeze drying to obtain COF powder.

5. The hot knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power density calculation formula for the electrode material of the supercapacitor module is as follows: P = E Δt Where E is the energy density and Δt is the discharge time.

6. The hot knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step three also includes the preparation of the electrolyte, specifically including: 9.25m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 21m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were dissolved in dimethyl carbonate and deionized water, respectively; Mix them at a mass ratio of 1:1 to prepare an electrolyte.

7. The hot knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step three also includes an electrode preparation step, which can be used to prepare electrodes using any one of MXene, COF, or MXene / COF (MCF) powder as the active material, specifically including: Mix MXene, COF, or MXene / COF (MCF) powder with N-methylpyrrolidone to form a slurry; Apply the slurry to the current collector, ensuring uniform distribution; The electrode sheet was obtained by vacuum drying at 80°C for 12 hours.

8. The hot knife power supply method for satellite solar panel deployment based on supercapacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step three also includes the preparation of the activated carbon electrode, specifically including: Activated carbon, conductive carbon black as the conductive agent, and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion as the binder are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1:1 and ground until homogeneous. The mixed slurry is rolled into sheets to ensure uniform thickness; Dry at room temperature for 12 hours; Cut the pieces into 12mm diameter round pieces using a cutting machine for later use.

Images