An organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, belong to the technical field of organic fertilizer.The present application provides a kind of organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, is prepared by including the following mass fraction of components:80~100 parts of crop straw, 70~90 parts of animal manure, 40~60 parts of wheat bran, 40~60 parts of humic acid, 10~20 parts of bentonite, 5~15 parts of wood vinegar, 10~20 parts of molasses wastewater and 3~5 parts of EM bacterial agent.The organic fertilizer prepared according to the method of the present application, wherein wood vinegar has acidification effect on crop straw, can promote its cellulose decomposition, improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of crop straw, then mixed with each component through aerobic fermentation, can significantly improve the fertility of fertilizer, add bentonite, utilize the adsorption of bentonite, so that organic fertilizer can long keep fertility, application can significantly improve the yield and quality of crop.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer, in particular to an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the world is facing the serious problems of population growth and environmental deterioration, and the large use of inorganic fertilizer in agricultural production will make the environmental deterioration more serious. Inorganic fertilizer generally has high nutrient content, fast fertilizer effect, easy to be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, significant yield increase, and convenient application and storage and transportation. However, inorganic fertilizer does not contain organic matter, and in chemical synthesis and mechanical processing, a large amount of energy is consumed, the environment is polluted, and long-term application of inorganic fertilizer is not conducive to the improvement of soil fertility.

[0003] The advantage of organic fertilizer is that it can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and water retention capacity, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, and improve the aeration and water permeability of soil. In addition, organic fertilizer is helpful for the healthy growth of crops and reduces the use of chemical fertilizer. However, the disadvantage of organic fertilizer is that the nutrient content is relatively low, the release speed is slow, and it cannot meet the demand of crops for a large amount of nutrients at a specific growth stage, and only the application of organic fertilizer cannot improve the yield and quality of crops. The prior art urgently needs an organic fertilizer which can not only improve the yield of crops, but also improve the quality of crops.

[0004] Based on this, the present application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, which is prepared from the following components by mass fraction:

[0008] 80-100 parts of crop straw, 70-90 parts of animal manure, 40-60 parts of wheat bran, 40-60 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 5-15 parts of wood vinegar, 10-20 parts of molasses wastewater and 3-5 parts of EM microbial agent.

[0009] Preferably, the crop straw is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.

[0010] Preferably, the animal manure is one or more of cow dung, pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.

[0011] The present application provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) crushing crop straw into 0.4-0.6 cm, adding vinegar liquid to mix, anaerobic fermentation for 1-3 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0013] (2) mixing the fermentation mixture, animal manure, wheat bran, humic acid and molasses wastewater to obtain a fermentation material, adjusting the water content of the fermentation material to 40-60%, then adding EM bacterial agent to perform aerobic fermentation, turning over the material every 3-5 days, and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain a fermentation material;

[0014] (3) mixing the fermentation material with bentonite, drying, crushing and granulating to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation in step (1) is 50-60℃.

[0016] Preferably, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is 28-32℃.

[0017] The application also provides the use of the organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in improving crop yield and quality.

[0018] The application has the following technical effects and advantages:

[0019] The application provides an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality. The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing crop straw with vinegar liquid to perform anaerobic fermentation, then mixing with animal manure, wheat bran, humic acid, molasses wastewater and EM bacterial agent to perform aerobic fermentation, and finally mixing with bentonite. The vinegar liquid has an acidification effect on the crop straw, can promote the decomposition of cellulose in the crop straw, and improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of the crop straw. Then, after mixing with various components and performing aerobic fermentation, the fertilizer capacity of the fertilizer can be significantly improved. Finally, after mixing with bentonite, the adsorption effect of bentonite is utilized, so that the fertilizer capacity of the organic fertilizer can be maintained for a long time. When the organic fertilizer is applied to crop planting, the yield and quality of crops can be significantly improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The application provides an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, which is prepared from components including the following mass fractions:

[0021] 80-100 parts of crop straw, preferably 90 parts; 70-90 parts of animal manure, preferably 80 parts; 40-60 parts of wheat bran, preferably 50 parts; 40-60 parts of humic acid, preferably 50 parts; 10-20 parts of bentonite, preferably 15 parts; 5-15 parts of vinegar liquid, preferably 10 parts; 10-20 parts of molasses wastewater, preferably 15 parts; and 3-5 parts of EM bacterial agent, preferably 4 parts.

[0022] In the present application, the EM is purchased from Xuzhou Sentian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0023] In the present application, the crop straw is one or several of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.

[0024] In the present application, the animal manure is one or several of cow dung, pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.

[0025] The present application provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) crushing the crop straw into 0.4-0.6 cm, preferably 0.5 cm, adding vinegar liquid for mixing, anaerobic fermentation for 1-3 days, preferably 2 days, to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0027] (2) mixing the fermentation mixture, animal manure, wheat bran, humic acid and molasses wastewater to obtain a fermentation material, adjusting the water content of the fermentation material to 40-60%, preferably 50%, then adding EM agent for aerobic fermentation, turning over the material every 3-5 days, and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain a fermentation material;

[0028] The turning over time is preferably 4 days, and the fermentation time is preferably 25 days;

[0029] (3) mixing the fermentation material with bentonite, drying, crushing and granulating to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0030] In the present application, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation in step (1) is 50-60℃, preferably 55℃.

[0031] In the present application, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is 28-32℃, preferably 30℃.

[0032] The present application also provides the application of the organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in improving crop yield and quality.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in combination with examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] The EM agent in the examples is purchased from Xuzhou Sentian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the category is fermentation special type.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The 90 kg corn straw is crushed into 0.5 cm in size, 10 kg of wood vinegar is added and mixed evenly, and then put into a fermentation tank for high-temperature anaerobic fermentation at 55℃. After 2 days of fermentation, a fermentation mixture is obtained. The fermentation mixture is mixed with 80 kg of cow dung, 50 kg of wheat bran, 50 kg of humic acid, and 15 kg of molasses wastewater to obtain a fermentation material. The water content of the fermentation material is adjusted to 50%, and then 4 kg of EM bacterial agent is added. The mixture is put into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation at 30℃. The mixture is turned over every 4 days, and the fermentation is carried out for 25 days to obtain a fermentation material. The fermentation material is mixed with 15 kg of bentonite, dried, crushed, and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] The 80 kg of wheat straw and rice straw are crushed into 0.5 cm in size, 5 kg of wood vinegar is added and mixed evenly, and then put into a fermentation tank for high-temperature anaerobic fermentation at 55℃. After 2 days of fermentation, a fermentation mixture is obtained. The fermentation mixture is mixed with 70 kg of pig manure, 40 kg of wheat bran, 40 kg of humic acid, and 10 kg of molasses wastewater to obtain a fermentation material. The water content of the fermentation material is adjusted to 50%, and then 3 kg of EM bacterial agent is added. The mixture is put into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation at 30℃. The mixture is turned over every 4 days, and the fermentation is carried out for 25 days to obtain a fermentation material. The fermentation material is mixed with 10 kg of bentonite, dried, crushed, and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] The 100 kg of wheat straw, rice straw, and corn straw are crushed into 0.5 cm in size, 15 kg of wood vinegar is added and mixed evenly, and then put into a fermentation tank for high-temperature anaerobic fermentation at 55℃. After 2 days of fermentation, a fermentation mixture is obtained. The fermentation mixture is mixed with 90 kg of chicken manure and sheep manure, 60 kg of wheat bran, 60 kg of humic acid, and 20 kg of molasses wastewater to obtain a fermentation material. The water content of the fermentation material is adjusted to 50%, and then 5 kg of EM bacterial agent is added. The mixture is put into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation at 30℃. The mixture is turned over every 4 days, and the fermentation is carried out for 25 days to obtain a fermentation material. The fermentation material is mixed with 20 kg of bentonite, dried, crushed, and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is the same as that of Example 1, except that no wood vinegar is added.

[0043] Comparative Example 2

[0044] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is the same as that of Example 1, except that the anaerobic fermentation step is omitted.

[0045] Comparative Example 3

[0046] The organic fertilizer was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that bentonite was not added.

[0047] Test Example

[0048] Planting crop: corn "Denghai 605";

[0049] Application of fertilizer: the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3;

[0050] Test method: select a plot with uniform soil fertility, divide it into 5 subplots, marked as No. 1-5, each sub-plot is 20-30 m, No. 1 sub-plot applies the organic fertilizer of Example 1, No. 2 sub-plot applies the organic fertilizer of Comparative Example 1, No. 3 sub-plot applies the organic fertilizer of Comparative Example 2, No. 4 sub-plot applies the organic fertilizer of Comparative Example 3, the organic fertilizer of No. 1-4 sub-plots is applied as basal fertilizer once into the soil tillage layer, the application amount is 3200 kg / hm 2 , No. 5 sub-plot is blank control group, no fertilizer is applied. After fertilization, "Denghai 605" is planted, no fertilizer is applied during the whole corn growth period, other management measures remain the same.

[0051] Determination of corn yield

[0052] During the corn harvest period, 30 consecutive fruiting ears with consistent growth in No. 1-5 sub-plots are collected, corn yield (t / hm 2 ), 100-grain weight (g), ear thickness (mm), and ear length (cm) are determined, and the corn yield of different fertilizers is determined, the results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1 Corn yield of different fertilizers

[0054] Hundred grain weight (g) Ear diameter (mm) Ear length (cm) Yield (t / hm 2 )]]> Example 1 31.24 50.23 25.42 11.24 Comparative Example 1 28.23 49.85 22.34 9.65 Comparative Example 2 29.41 49.84 23.40 9.87 Comparative Example 3 27.97 48.89 22.57 9.24 Blank control 25.2 49.23 18.85 7.20

[0055] According to Table 1, the 100-grain weight, ear thickness, ear length, and yield of corn applying the organic fertilizer of Example 1 are significantly higher than those of corn applying the organic fertilizer of Comparative Examples 1-3, which indicates that the organic fertilizer prepared by the fertilizer component combination and preparation method of the present application can significantly improve the yield of crops.

[0056] Determination of corn quality

[0057] During the corn harvest period, 30 consecutive fruiting ears with consistent growth in No. 1-5 sub-plots are collected, 50 randomly selected corn kernels are measured for protein content, lysine content, and oil content. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2 Corn quality of different fertilizers

[0059] Protein content (%) Lysine content (%) Oil content (%) Example 1 12.31 0.46 5.72 Comparative Example 1 10.22 0.38 4.52 Comparative Example 2 9.87 0.35 4.61 Comparative Example 3 9.98 0.39 4.32 Blank control 8.24 0.32 4.24

[0060] According to Table 2, the protein content, lysine content and oil content of corn applying the organic fertilizer of Example 1 are significantly higher than those of corn applying the organic fertilizer of Comparative Examples 1-3, which indicates that the organic fertilizer prepared by combining the fertilizer components and the preparation method of the application can significantly improve the quality of crops.

[0061] From the above examples, the application provides an organic fertilizer capable of improving the yield and quality of crops. The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing crop straw with wood vinegar under anaerobic fermentation, then mixing with animal manure, wheat bran, humic acid, molasses wastewater and EM bacterial agent under aerobic fermentation, and finally mixing with bentonite. The wood vinegar has an acidification effect on the crop straw, can promote the decomposition of cellulose in the crop straw, and improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of the crop straw. Then, after mixing with each component and aerobic fermentation, the fertilizer capacity of the organic fertilizer can be significantly improved. Finally, after mixing with bentonite, the adsorption of bentonite can make the organic fertilizer maintain the fertilizer capacity for a long time. When the organic fertilizer is applied for crop planting, the yield and quality of crops can be significantly improved.

[0062] The above description is only the preferred embodiments of the application, and it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, characterized in that: Prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of crop straw, 70-90 parts of animal manure, 40-60 parts of wheat bran, 40-60 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 5-15 parts of wood vinegar, 10-20 parts of molasses wastewater and 3-5 parts of EM bacterial agent; The method for preparing the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) crushing the crop straw into pieces of 0.4 to 0.6 cm, adding wood vinegar, and mixing, and anaerobically fermenting for 1 to 3 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; (2) mixing the fermentation mixture, animal feces, wheat bran, humic acid and molasses wastewater to obtain a fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 40-60%, then adding EM bacterial agent to perform aerobic fermentation, turning the material every 3-5 days, and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain a fermented material; (3) mixing the fermented material with bentonite, drying, crushing, and granulating to obtain an organic fertilizer; The temperature of the anaerobic fermentation in step (1) is 50-60°C; The temperature of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is 28-32°C.

2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The crop straw is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.

3. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The animal manure is one or more of cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.

4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) crushing the crop straw into pieces of 0.4 to 0.6 cm, adding wood vinegar, and mixing, and anaerobically fermenting for 1 to 3 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; (2) mixing the fermentation mixture, animal feces, wheat bran, humic acid and molasses wastewater to obtain a fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 40-60%, then adding EM bacterial agent to perform aerobic fermentation, turning the material every 3-5 days, and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain a fermented material; (3) The fermented material is mixed with bentonite, dried, crushed, and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

5. Use of the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4 in improving crop yield and quality.