Solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of intelligent control technology, and discloses a solar air thermal collection and heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage. The system includes a collection module, a heat exchange module, a guide module, a release module, a start module and a switching module. The collection module collects the initial parameters of the system operation; the heat exchange module heats the air based on the temperature threshold to obtain the initial heating airflow; the guide module introduces the excess heat into the pebble heat storage layer and the water storage tank according to the temperature requirement; the release module manages the heat storage and heat release process of the pebble layer to provide heating airflow at night; the start module starts the micro stove for supplementary heating when the heating is insufficient; the switching module monitors each heating airflow and adjusts the working status of the equipment to realize the intelligent operation control of the system. The modules work together to ensure that the system provides continuous heating around the clock. The present application improves the efficiency of solar air thermal collection and heating based on pebble sensible heat storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of intelligent control, and in particular to a solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage. Background Art

[0002] The existing solar air thermal heating system mainly includes solar air collectors, heat storage devices and auxiliary heat source devices. The solar air collector converts solar energy into thermal energy through a transparent cover, a heat collecting plate and thermal insulation materials to heat the air; the heat storage device mainly uses water heat storage or phase change heat storage to store heat; the auxiliary heat source device provides supplementary heat when solar energy is insufficient. Sensible heat storage technology has the advantages of low cost, simple technology and long life, and has been widely used in industrial applications. Pebbles, as a common sensible heat storage material, have the characteristics of large specific heat capacity, good thermal conductivity and low price, and are suitable as a heat storage medium.

[0003] However, the existing solar air thermal heating system has the following shortcomings: first, the coordination between the various components of the system is poor, making it difficult to achieve efficient coordination of the solar collector, heat storage device and auxiliary heat source; second, the heat storage and release process control of the heat storage device is not precise enough, resulting in low heat storage efficiency; third, the system lacks intelligent control strategies and cannot automatically adjust the operating mode according to changes in the indoor and outdoor environment; finally, the heat distribution of the system is not reasonable enough, which easily leads to energy waste. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage, which is used to solve the technical problems of poor coordination of components and low heat storage efficiency in existing solar air thermal heating systems.

[0005] The present application provides a solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage, and the solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage includes: a collection module, which is used to collect and process parameters of the solar air thermal heating system to obtain initial system operation parameters, including collector start-up temperature threshold parameters, room design temperature parameters and pebble layer temperature parameters;

[0006] A heat exchange module is used to absorb short-wave radiation energy and perform convection heat exchange processing on the air entering the solar air collector based on the collector startup temperature threshold parameter to obtain hot air, and distribute the hot air to obtain an initial heating airflow;

[0007] A guiding module is used to perform a diversion process on the initial heating airflow based on the room design temperature parameter to obtain excess hot air, and to perform a guiding process on the excess hot air to obtain a pebble heat storage airflow and a water storage tank heating airflow;

[0008] A release module is used to perform heat storage processing on the pebble heat storage airflow based on the pebble layer temperature parameter to obtain heat of the heat storage layer, and to release the heat of the heat storage layer to obtain a nighttime heating airflow;

[0009] A start-up module, for detecting and processing the heating state of the system based on the temperature parameter of the nighttime heating airflow, obtaining an auxiliary heat source start-up signal, performing heat exchange processing on the smoke of the micro stove, and obtaining a supplementary heating airflow;

[0010] The switching module is used to monitor and process the initial heating airflow, the night heating airflow and the supplementary heating airflow, obtain the operation mode switching signal, adjust the working state of the solar collector, the pebble heat storage layer and the micro stove, and obtain the circulation control parameters.

[0011] In the technical solution provided by the present application, the solar air heat collection heating system based on the sensible heat storage of pebbles collects and processes the system parameters in real time through the collection module, provides accurate initial parameters for the system operation, and ensures the stability and reliability of the system operation. The heat exchange module realizes the efficient utilization of solar energy, and through the precise control of short-wave radiation energy absorption and convection heat exchange process, the air temperature is significantly improved, providing sufficient heating heat source for the building. The guidance module reasonably allocates the flow direction of hot air based on the room temperature demand. When the room temperature reaches the set value, it automatically imports the excess heat into the energy storage system to avoid energy waste. The release module makes full use of the sensible heat storage characteristics of pebbles, stores solar heat during the day, and releases heat for heating at night, effectively solving the intermittent problem of solar heating. The start-up module monitors the heating status in real time, starts the micro stove in time to supplement when the heating is insufficient, and recovers the waste heat through flue gas heat exchange, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system. The switching module 106 realizes the intelligent switching of the three modes of solar heating, heat storage and heat release, and auxiliary heating, ensuring that the system can maintain the best operating state under different working conditions. Through the coordinated work of these modules, the system achieves continuous heating around the clock, significantly improves the efficiency of solar energy utilization, and reduces heating costs. At the same time, pebble heat storage has the characteristics of low cost and long life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage in an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of a solar thermal collector in a house according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of flue gas heat exchange inside a room in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pebble heat storage inlet and outlet of the pebble heat storage layer in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The embodiment of the present application provides a solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage. The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments described here can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "including" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0018] For ease of understanding, the specific process of the embodiment of the present application is described below. Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present application, an embodiment of the solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage includes:

[0019] The acquisition module 101 is used to collect and process the parameters of the solar air thermal heating system to obtain the initial parameters of the system operation, including the collector start-up temperature threshold parameter, the room design temperature parameter and the pebble layer temperature parameter;

[0020] The heat exchange module 102 is used to absorb short-wave radiation energy and perform convection heat exchange processing on the air entering the solar air collector based on the collector startup temperature threshold parameter to obtain hot air, and distribute the hot air to obtain an initial heating airflow;

[0021] A guiding module 103 is used to perform a diversion process on the initial heating airflow based on the room design temperature parameter to obtain excess hot air, and to perform a guiding process on the excess hot air to obtain a pebble heat storage airflow and a water storage tank heating airflow;

[0022] A release module 104 is used to perform heat storage processing on the pebble heat storage airflow based on the pebble layer temperature parameter to obtain heat of the heat storage layer, and to release the heat of the heat storage layer to obtain a nighttime heating airflow;

[0023] The start module 105 is used to detect and process the system heating state based on the temperature parameter of the nighttime heating airflow, obtain an auxiliary heat source start signal, perform heat exchange processing on the smoke of the micro stove, and obtain a supplementary heating airflow;

[0024] The switching module 106 is used to monitor and process the initial heating airflow, the night heating airflow and the supplementary heating airflow, obtain the operation mode switching signal, adjust the working state of the solar collector, the pebble heat storage layer and the micro stove, and obtain the circulation control parameters.

[0025] It is understandable that the execution subject of the present application can be a solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage, or a terminal or a server, which is not limited here. The present application embodiment is described by taking a server as the execution subject as an example.

[0026] Specifically, the acquisition module 101 collects the key parameters of the system through a temperature sensor network, which includes multiple temperature sensor points arranged in the solar collector, inside the room, and the pebble heat storage layer. Figure 2 As shown, sunlight shines on the air collector 209, heating the air, which is driven by the fan 208 and distributed through the regulating valve 204. Part of the hot air directly enters the room through the air supply port 203 for heating; another part of the hot air is used to heat the thermal insulation water storage tank 207 to provide domestic hot water, and part of the hot air is introduced into the underground pebble heat storage layer to store heat. When the indoor temperature drops, cold air enters the system through the return air port 206, and is heated by the pebble layer that has stored heat and then reheated. When solar energy is insufficient or at night, the system will start the furnace 205 as an auxiliary heat source, and the generated smoke will be discharged through the chimney 201. The air of the entire system is filtered by the filter 202 to ensure cleanliness. Multiple components work together to form a complete heating cycle system, which not only makes full use of solar energy, but also ensures continuous heating through pebble heat storage, and is equipped with an auxiliary heat source to ensure reliable operation of the system.

[0027] The schematic diagram of flue gas heat exchange inside the room is as follows Figure 3As shown, the heat exchanger consists of two layers of inner and outer pipes, flue gas inlet 301: the high-temperature flue gas generated by the micro stove enters the inner tube from here. Smoke outlet 302: the flue gas after heat exchange is discharged from here. Air outlet 303: the hot air after heat exchange is output from here for heating. Air inlet 304: the cold air to be heated enters the outer tube from here. When the system needs to add heat, the high-temperature flue gas (about 200°C) generated by the micro stove enters the inner tube from the flue gas inlet 301, and the cold air enters the outer tube from the air inlet 304. When the flue gas flows in the inner tube, it transfers heat to the cold air in the outer tube through the tube wall. The temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange is reduced and discharged from the flue gas outlet 302; and the air is heated to about 45°C and output from the air outlet 303 for indoor heating. This coaxial tube design improves the heat exchange efficiency and effectively utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas.

[0028] The schematic diagram of the pebble heat storage inlet and outlet of the pebble heat storage layer is as follows Figure 4 As shown, it includes: an air duct 401: an air circulation channel set in the pebble layer, an air supply port 402: an entrance for hot air to enter the pebble heat storage layer, and a pebble heat storage layer 403: a heat storage medium layer formed by pebble stacking of uniformly sized pebbles. When operating during the day, excess hot air enters the system from the air supply port 402 and flows in the pebble heat storage layer 403 through the air duct 401. Since the pebbles have good heat storage performance, the hot air will transfer heat to the pebbles when flowing through the pebble layer, so that the temperature of the pebbles gradually increases, thereby realizing heat storage. When operating at night, cold air enters from the air supply port 402, flows through the pebble heat storage layer that has stored heat, and exchanges heat with the hot pebbles. The air is heated when flowing through the air duct 401, and is used for indoor heating after the temperature increases.

[0029] The raw data collected by the temperature sensor is processed by digital filtering, and the accurate temperature value is obtained after filtering out the interference signal. For the solar collector, when the internal temperature of the collector reaches 15°C, the start-up temperature threshold parameter is triggered; the room design temperature parameter is set within the range of 20-22°C according to the heating comfort requirements; the pebble layer temperature parameter is monitored by temperature sensors buried at different depths in the heat storage layer. The heat exchange module 102 starts working after receiving the collector start-up instruction. First, the air flow rate entering the collector is measured by the air flow sensor, and the solar radiation intensity is measured at the same time. The transparent cover on the surface of the collector allows short-wave radiation to pass through and be absorbed by the collector. The collector increases the absorption rate of solar energy through the surface coating, and the absorbed heat is transferred to the air flowing through the surface of the collector through convection heat transfer. The temperature of the heated air is significantly increased, usually reaching 70-80°C under ideal weather conditions, and even exceeding 100°C when the sunshine intensity is high. The hot air passes through the distribution valve system and is quantitatively distributed according to the heating needs of each room to form an initial heating airflow.

[0030] The guide module 103 is responsible for the reasonable distribution of heat. By comparing the actual room temperature with the design temperature parameters, when the room temperature reaches or exceeds the design temperature, the excess hot air is automatically directed to the energy storage system. The guide module 103 uses a flow distribution valve group to guide the excess hot air to the pebble heat storage layer and the water storage tank according to the preset ratio. The pebble heat storage air flows into the underground pebble layer through the guide pipe, and the heated air flow in the water storage tank is used to provide domestic hot water, realizing the cascade utilization of energy. The release module 104 manages the heat storage and heat release process of the pebble layer. When the pebble heat storage air flow enters the heat storage layer, the heat is stored in the pebbles through sufficient heat exchange with the pebble particles. The pebble layer uses pebbles with uniform particle size, which have a large specific heat capacity and heat storage density, and the stored heat is fully utilized at night. The release process controls the flow of cold air passing through the pebble layer, so that the temperature rises after heat exchange with the hot pebbles, forming a nighttime heating air flow with a suitable temperature, which continuously heats the building.

[0031] The start-up module 105 intervenes when the temperature of the heating air flow is insufficient at night. By real-time monitoring the temperature parameters of the heating air flow at night, when the temperature is lower than the set threshold, an auxiliary heat source start-up signal is issued. After the micro stove is started, its high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with the air supply duct before being discharged into the chimney to generate a supplementary heating air flow. The flue gas heat exchanger adopts an efficient heat exchange design to ensure that the waste heat of the flue gas is fully utilized. As the central control unit of the system, the switching module 106 continuously monitors the temperature and flow parameters of each heating air flow, and dynamically adjusts the system operation mode according to the monitoring data. When there is sufficient sunshine, solar energy heating is mainly used, and it switches to pebble heat storage and heat release mode at night. Auxiliary heat sources are enabled under special weather conditions. The switching module 106 generates the optimal cycle control parameters by coordinating the working status of each device.

[0032] For example, the system is installed in a farmhouse with a construction area of ​​200 square meters. On sunny days, the solar collector starts working at 8 o'clock in the morning. The air temperature reaches 75°C after heating, and the initial heating airflow is distributed to each room. When the room temperature reaches the set 21°C at 10 o'clock in the morning, the guide module 103 guides 75% of the excess hot air into the pebble heat storage layer, and 25% is used to heat the water storage tank. After 6 hours of heat charging, the pebble heat storage layer rises from the initial 15°C to 55°C. After 18:00 at night, the system switches to the heat storage and heat release mode, the pebble layer releases heat, and the nighttime heating airflow is maintained at about 35°C. At 23:00 at night, when the nighttime heating airflow temperature drops to 30°C, the start module 105 triggers the micro stove to work, the flue gas temperature is 200°C, and after heat exchange, a supplementary heating airflow of 45°C is generated to ensure that the indoor temperature is maintained above 20°C. During the whole process, the switching module 106 realizes the efficient operation of the heating system by adjusting the opening of each valve and the working state of the equipment.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present application, the solar air heat collection heating system based on the sensible heat storage of pebbles collects and processes the system parameters in real time through the collection module 101, provides accurate initial parameters for the system operation, and ensures the stability and reliability of the system operation. The heat exchange module 102 realizes the efficient use of solar energy. By accurately controlling the absorption of short-wave radiation energy and the convection heat exchange process, the air temperature is significantly improved, providing sufficient heating heat source for the building. The guidance module 103 reasonably allocates the flow direction of hot air based on the room temperature requirements. When the room temperature reaches the set value, it automatically imports excess heat into the energy storage system to avoid energy waste. The release module 104 makes full use of the sensible heat storage characteristics of pebbles, stores solar heat during the day, and releases heat for heating at night, effectively solving the intermittent problem of solar heating. The start-up module 105 monitors the heating status in real time, starts the micro stove in time to supplement when the heating is insufficient, and recovers the waste heat through flue gas heat exchange, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system. The switching module 106 realizes the intelligent switching of the three modes of solar heating, heat storage and heat release, and auxiliary heating, ensuring that the system can maintain the best operating state under different working conditions. Through the coordinated work of these modules, the system realizes all-weather continuous heating, significantly improves the utilization efficiency of solar energy, and reduces heating costs. At the same time, the pebble heat storage has the characteristics of low cost and long life.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the acquisition module 101 is specifically used for:

[0035] (1) collecting and processing sensor data of the heating system to obtain temperature detection data, and filtering the temperature detection data to obtain a temperature effective value;

[0036] (2) performing threshold analysis processing on the effective temperature value to obtain a collector startup temperature threshold parameter, and performing interval division processing on the collector startup temperature threshold parameter to obtain a temperature control interval;

[0037] (3) performing reference temperature calculation processing on the temperature control interval to obtain room design temperature parameters, and performing temperature difference comparison processing on the room design temperature parameters to obtain a temperature adjustment signal;

[0038] (4) measuring and processing the indoor and outdoor temperatures to obtain temperature measurement data, and compensating the temperature measurement data to obtain the pebble layer temperature parameters;

[0039] (5) performing heat balance calculation processing on the temperature parameters of the pebble layer to obtain heat capacity data of the pebble layer, and performing segmented processing on the heat capacity data of the pebble layer to obtain heat storage capacity intervals;

[0040] (6) performing heat storage efficiency calculation processing on the heat storage capacity interval to obtain a heat storage conversion coefficient, and performing proportional distribution processing on the heat storage conversion coefficient to obtain a heat storage control parameter;

[0041] (7) performing heat distribution calculation processing on the pebble layer according to the heat storage control parameters to obtain heat distribution data, and performing heat loss calculation processing on the heat distribution data to obtain effective heat storage;

[0042] (8) Performing heat balance calculation processing on the effective heat storage capacity to obtain system energy distribution data, and performing heat exchange efficiency calculation processing on the system energy distribution data to obtain system operation initial parameters.

[0043] Specifically, the acquisition module 101 collects raw data through temperature sensors distributed at various key positions of the solar air thermal heating system. These sensors include temperature sensors arranged at the entrance and exit of the solar collector, temperature sensors at different heights inside the room, temperature sensors at different depths of the pebble heat storage layer, and outdoor ambient temperature sensors. The raw data collected by the temperature sensor has random noise and interference, so a digital low-pass filter is used for filtering. The filter uses a sliding average algorithm to process the continuously collected temperature data, filter out high-frequency noise, retain the true temperature change trend, and obtain the effective value of the temperature. Threshold analysis is performed on the effective value of the temperature to determine the starting temperature threshold parameter of the solar collector. The threshold analysis is based on the working characteristics of the collector. When the internal temperature of the collector reaches 15°C, the starting condition is triggered. At the same time, considering the temperature fluctuation range, a dead zone of ±1°C is set to avoid frequent start and stop. The starting temperature threshold parameter is divided into multiple temperature control intervals, including a preheating interval (15-30°C), a normal working interval (30-80°C), and a high temperature protection interval (80-100°C) for subsequent operation control.

[0044] Based on the temperature control range, combined with the building's insulation performance and heating needs, the room design temperature parameters are calculated. The design temperature parameters take into account human comfort requirements and are set to 20-22°C, and are dynamically adjusted according to usage needs at different times. The temperature difference comparison process calculates the deviation between the actual room temperature and the design temperature in real time, generates a temperature adjustment signal, and is used to guide the adjustment of the heating intensity.

[0045] Temperature measurement is performed through indoor and outdoor temperature sensors to obtain temperature measurement data. The outdoor temperature sensor is installed on the shady side of the building to avoid the influence of direct sunlight; the indoor temperature sensor is arranged in typical positions in different rooms. The measurement data is compensated, including the inherent error of the sensor, the influence of the temperature gradient at the installation location, etc., and finally the accurate temperature parameters of the pebble layer are obtained. Thermal balance calculation is performed for the temperature parameters of the pebble layer. The calculation takes into account the physical parameters such as the specific heat capacity (about 0.84kJ / kg·K) and density (about 2600kg / m³) of the pebbles, and combines the volume and temperature distribution of the pebble layer to calculate the heat capacity data of the pebble layer. The heat capacity data is divided into multiple heat storage capacity intervals according to the temperature gradient, which is convenient for precise control of the heat storage process.

[0046] The heat storage efficiency is calculated for the heat storage capacity interval, and the heat storage conversion coefficient is obtained by considering factors such as the heat exchange efficiency between pebbles and hot air and heat loss. The heat storage conversion coefficient reflects the ability of the pebble layer to store heat. Through proportional distribution processing, the heat storage in different temperature intervals is reasonably distributed to generate heat storage control parameters. According to the heat storage control parameters, the heat distribution of each area of ​​the pebble layer is calculated. The calculation process considers factors such as the geometric structure of the pebble layer, the air flow path, and the heat conduction characteristics to obtain detailed heat distribution data. The heat loss is calculated for the heat distribution data, considering the heat loss through the ground and side walls, as well as the heat loss caused by air flow, and finally the effective heat storage capacity is obtained.

[0047] The effective heat storage is calculated for heat balance, and the heat input, storage and output of the system are analyzed to obtain the system energy distribution data. By calculating the heat exchange efficiency, the energy conversion efficiency of the system under different working conditions is determined, and finally the initial parameters of the system operation are generated.

[0048] Take a single-story farmhouse with a construction area of ​​200 square meters as an example to illustrate the data processing process of the acquisition module 101: On a sunny winter morning, the temperature sensor network collects data once a minute. The original temperature data shows that the collector inlet temperature fluctuates between 7-9°C, and a stable temperature effective value of 8°C is obtained after sliding average filtering. After two hours of sunshine, the internal temperature of the collector rises to 16°C, triggering the start temperature threshold and entering the preheating interval. At this time, the indoor temperature is 12°C, which is 8°C different from the set room temperature of 20°C, generating a large temperature adjustment signal. The temperature of the pebble layer presents a gradient distribution of 15°C to 13°C from the surface to the bottom layer. The total heat capacity of the pebble layer is calculated to be 4200kJ / K. Considering 28% heat loss, the effective heat storage is 3024kJ / K.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the heat exchange module 102 is specifically used for:

[0050] (1) performing temperature gradient calculation processing on the collector startup temperature threshold parameter to obtain temperature distribution data, and performing temperature threshold verification processing on the temperature distribution data to obtain a collector startup instruction;

[0051] (2) measuring the flow rate of air entering the solar air collector to obtain air flow data, and calculating the flow velocity of the air flow data to obtain air flow parameters;

[0052] (3) performing boundary layer analysis processing on the air flow parameters to obtain a convective heat transfer coefficient, and performing heat exchange area calculation processing on the convective heat transfer coefficient to obtain heat exchange area data;

[0053] (4) measuring and processing the solar radiation intensity to obtain radiation energy data, and calculating and processing the absorption coefficient of the radiation energy data to obtain the shortwave radiation absorption;

[0054] (5) performing energy conversion calculation processing on the shortwave radiation absorption to obtain effective thermal energy data, and performing heat accumulation processing on the effective thermal energy data to obtain a hot air temperature value;

[0055] (6) performing temperature distribution calculation processing on the hot air temperature value to obtain hot air temperature field data, and performing heat balance processing on the hot air temperature field data to obtain hot air;

[0056] (7) Performing flow channel distribution calculation processing on the hot air to obtain an airflow distribution plan, and performing flow regulation processing on the airflow distribution plan to obtain an initial heating airflow.

[0057] Specifically, the heat exchange module 102 receives the collector startup temperature threshold parameter and calculates the temperature gradient through the array of temperature sensors arranged at different positions inside the collector. The temperature sensor is arranged at a measuring point every 10 cm from the bottom to the top of the collector to obtain the temperature distribution in the vertical direction. The temperature gradient calculation takes into account the temperature change trend of the air during the flow process to ensure uniform heat distribution and avoid local overheating or insufficient temperature. The temperature distribution data is processed through threshold verification. When the temperature of all measuring points exceeds 15°C and the temperature gradient is less than 5°C / m, the collector startup instruction is generated. An air flow sensor is installed at the collector inlet to measure the flow of air entering the solar air collector. The flow sensor uses a thermal mass flow meter, which can accurately measure the mass flow of air, and obtain the volume flow data under standard conditions through temperature and pressure compensation. The air flow data is combined with the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel inside the collector to calculate the air flow rate and form air flow parameters. The flow parameters include characteristic parameters such as the velocity field distribution and Reynolds number of the air.

[0058] Based on the air flow parameters, the boundary layer analysis is carried out to determine the flow state of the air on the surface of the collector. The boundary layer analysis takes into account the viscosity of the air, the geometric dimensions of the flow channel, the surface roughness and other factors, and calculates the convective heat transfer coefficient. The convective heat transfer coefficient reflects the heat transfer capacity between the air and the collector, and is an important indicator for evaluating the heat exchange effect. Combined with the actual size and effective contact area of ​​the collector, the heat exchange area data is calculated. A solar radiation intensity meter is used to measure the solar radiation intensity received on the collector surface. The radiation intensity meter is installed at the same inclination angle as the collector surface to record the radiation energy data in real time. According to the optical characteristic parameters such as the transmittance of the collector transparent cover and the absorptivity of the collector surface, the short-wave radiation absorption is calculated. The typical value of the absorptivity is 0.92-0.96, which reflects the efficiency of the collector in utilizing solar radiation energy.

[0059] The amount of short-wave radiation absorbed is calculated through energy conversion, taking into account factors such as the photothermal conversion efficiency and heat loss coefficient of the collector to obtain the actual available effective thermal energy data. Effective thermal energy is continuously accumulated through air circulation, causing the air temperature to continue to rise. The heat accumulation process is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor to record the changing trend of the hot air temperature value. The hot air temperature value is processed through temperature distribution calculation to obtain the temperature field data of the collector outlet section. The temperature field calculation takes into account the influence of factors such as the unevenness of air flow and the side wall effect to ensure a reasonable temperature distribution. A heat balance analysis is performed on the temperature field data to calculate the heat gain and loss per unit time, and finally a stable hot air flow is obtained.

[0060] The hot air is transported to the distribution system through the main pipeline for flow channel distribution calculation. The distribution calculation determines the optimal airflow distribution plan based on factors such as the heating demand of each room and the pipeline resistance characteristics. The distribution plan adjusts the flow rate by adjusting the electric regulating valves on each branch pipe, and finally forms the initial heating airflow that meets the needs of each room.

[0061] For example: In a farmhouse with a construction area of ​​200 square meters, a solar air collector array with a total area of ​​40 square meters is installed. When the work starts at 8 o'clock in the morning, the temperature gradient calculation inside the collector shows that the bottom temperature is 13℃, the top temperature is 17℃, and the temperature gradient is 4℃ / m, which meets the start-up conditions. The air flow sensor measures the inlet air flow rate to be 1200m³ / h, corresponding to a flow rate of 2.5m / s. At this time, the measured solar radiation intensity is 800W / m². After passing through the transparent cover (transmittance 0.92) and the collector plate (absorption rate 0.95), the actual absorbed short-wave radiation energy is 700W / m². After half an hour of continuous operation, the air temperature rises from the initial 15℃ to 75℃, and the hot air is distributed to each room, of which the master bedroom is allocated 30%, the living room is allocated 40%, and the other rooms are allocated 30%. The corresponding heating air flow rates are 360m³ / h, 480m³ / h and 360m³ / h, respectively, achieving uniform heating.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the guidance module 103 is specifically used to:

[0063] (1) performing temperature difference calculation processing on the room design temperature parameter to obtain room temperature difference data, and performing threshold comparison processing on the room temperature difference data to obtain a shunt control signal;

[0064] (2) performing flow measurement processing on the initial heating air flow to obtain air flow data, and performing flow balance calculation processing on the air flow data to obtain an air flow distribution ratio;

[0065] (3) performing pipeline distribution calculation processing on the airflow distribution ratio to obtain airflow direction data, and performing flow resistance analysis processing on the airflow direction data to obtain excess hot air;

[0066] (4) performing temperature field measurement processing on the excess hot air to obtain heat distribution data, and performing heat balance calculation processing on the heat distribution data to obtain a heat distribution plan;

[0067] (5) performing flow channel allocation processing on the heat distribution scheme to obtain airflow guide data, and performing flow regulation processing on the airflow guide data to obtain guide air flow;

[0068] (6) performing pebble layer flow distribution processing on the guide air flow to obtain a pebble heat storage airflow, and performing temperature measurement processing on the pebble heat storage airflow to obtain a heat storage inlet temperature;

[0069] (7) performing a water tank flow distribution process on the guide air flow to obtain a water tank heated air flow, and performing a temperature measurement process on the water tank heated air flow to obtain a heating inlet temperature.

[0070] Specifically, when the guidance module 103 calculates the room temperature difference, it compares the collected real-time room temperature data with the room design temperature parameters, and uses the temperature sensor to sample the temperature at multiple measuring points in the room. The sampling frequency is once every 5 seconds, and the sampling points are set at the four corners and the center of the room. After data acquisition and processing, the room temperature difference data is obtained. When the room temperature difference data is compared with the preset temperature threshold, a diversion control signal is generated. For example, when the room temperature reaches 22°C and the design temperature is 20°C, the temperature difference data is 2°C, which exceeds the preset 1.5°C threshold. At this time, a control signal to turn on the diversion will be generated. For the flow measurement of the initial heating airflow, a hot wire anemometer is used to install measurement points in the main pipeline and each branch pipeline to monitor the airflow velocity in real time. Through flow balance calculation and processing, the airflow distribution ratio between different pipelines is obtained. The flow balance calculation uses the following formula:

[0071]

[0072] in: is the total system flow rate (m³ / h), is the flow coefficient of the ith pipe (dimensionless), is the air density in the ith pipe (kg / m³), is the air velocity in the ith pipe (m / s),

[0073] is the cross-sectional area of ​​the i-th pipe (m²), is the correction coefficient of the ith pipeline (dimensionless), and n is the total number of pipelines.

[0074] After obtaining the airflow distribution ratio, the pipeline distribution calculation is performed, and the geometric parameters and flow resistance of each pipeline are comprehensively considered to generate the airflow direction data. The flow resistance analysis adopts the pipe network calculation method, taking into account the friction resistance and local resistance of the pipeline, and finally determines the flow rate and direction of the excess hot air.

[0075] When measuring the temperature field of excess hot air, a temperature sensor array is arranged in the pipeline to obtain heat distribution data. The heat balance calculation process uses the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] in: is the system heat balance (kJ), is the thermal conductivity of the jth heat distribution area (W / m·K), is the specific heat capacity of air in the jth region (kJ / kg·K), is the temperature difference of the jth region (K), is the air mass flow rate in the jth area (kg / s), is the thermal efficiency coefficient of the jth zone (dimensionless), and m is the total number of heat distribution zones.

[0078] According to the heat distribution plan, the airflow is distributed in the flow channel. The precise guidance of the airflow is achieved by adjusting the valve opening of each pipeline. The control of the guide air flow adopts the PID control algorithm to adjust the opening of the electric valve in real time to ensure the accuracy of the airflow distribution. In the pebble layer flow distribution link, the guide air flow is reasonably distributed according to the temperature state and heat storage demand of the pebble heat storage layer. The pebble heat storage airflow is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor arranged at the entrance of the pebble layer, and the heat storage inlet temperature data is recorded. Similarly, the water tank heating airflow also needs corresponding flow distribution and temperature monitoring.

[0079] For example: In a certain operation, the solar air collector heats the incoming normal temperature air to 75℃, and the total initial heating airflow is 1200m³ / h. The measured room temperature is 22.5℃, which exceeds the set threshold of 20℃, triggering the diversion control. Through the flow balance calculation, it is determined that 600m³ / h is used for room heating, and the remaining 600m³ / h is distributed as excess hot air. The heat balance calculation shows that the current heat storage capacity of the pebble heat storage layer is 4500kJ and the water temperature of the water storage tank is 45℃. Based on this, the excess hot air is distributed to the pebble heat storage layer and the water storage tank in a ratio of 7:3, that is, the pebble heat storage airflow is 420m³ / h, and the water storage tank heating airflow is 180m³ / h. After temperature monitoring, the pebble heat storage inlet temperature is maintained at around 70℃, and the water storage tank heating inlet temperature is around 68℃, achieving efficient operation of the system.

[0080] In a specific embodiment, the release module 104 is used to:

[0081] (1) performing temperature distribution measurement processing on the temperature parameters of the pebble layer to obtain temperature field data of the pebble layer, and performing temperature gradient calculation processing on the temperature field data of the pebble layer to obtain heat storage capacity parameters;

[0082] (2) measuring the flow velocity of the pebble heat storage airflow to obtain airflow velocity data, and calculating the flow distribution of the airflow velocity data to obtain a heat storage airflow distribution value;

[0083] (3) performing heat exchange area calculation processing on the heat storage air flow distribution value to obtain a contact heat exchange area, and performing heat transfer coefficient calculation processing on the contact heat exchange area to obtain a heat conduction parameter;

[0084] (4) performing heat storage rate calculation processing on the heat conduction parameters to obtain heat accumulation data, and performing heat distribution analysis processing on the heat accumulation data to obtain heat of the heat storage layer;

[0085] (5) performing temperature drop rate calculation processing on the heat of the heat storage layer to obtain heat release data, and performing temperature field analysis processing on the heat release data to obtain a heat release temperature value;

[0086] (6) performing airflow heating calculation processing on the heat release temperature value to obtain return air temperature data, and performing temperature balance processing on the return air temperature data to obtain a heating temperature value;

[0087] (7) Performing flow distribution calculation processing on the heating temperature value to obtain a nighttime heating airflow, and performing temperature monitoring processing on the nighttime heating airflow to obtain a nighttime heating temperature.

[0088] Specifically, it starts with the measurement of the temperature distribution of the pebble layer. Temperature field data is collected by arranging an array of temperature sensors at different depths and positions in the pebble heat storage layer. The temperature sensors are arranged in a three-dimensional grid structure, with a layer set every 20 cm in the vertical direction and a measuring point set for each 1 square meter area in the horizontal direction, so as to obtain complete temperature field data of the pebble layer. The temperature gradient calculation is based on the temperature data of these measuring points, and the temperature change rate between adjacent measuring points is calculated to obtain the heat storage capacity parameters. A hot wire anemometer is used to measure the flow rate of the pebble heat storage airflow, and measuring devices are installed at the inlet and outlet of the heat storage layer and at key nodes. The frequency of collecting airflow velocity data is once per second. The heat storage airflow distribution value is obtained by calculating the time domain average and spatial distribution of the velocity data. The heat exchange area is calculated using the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] in: is the total heat exchange area (m²), is the average diameter of the i-th type of pebble (m), is the shape coefficient of the i-th type of pebble (dimensionless), is the number density of the i-th type of pebble (pieces / m³), is the surface roughness coefficient of the i-th type of pebble (dimensionless), and n is the total number of pebble categories.

[0091] Based on the calculated contact heat exchange area and the material heat transfer characteristics, the heat transfer parameters are calculated. The heat storage rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] in: is the heat storage rate (kW), is the heat transfer efficiency of the jth layer of pebbles (dimensionless), is the influence factor of the airflow velocity at the jth layer (m / s), is the temperature gradient coefficient of the jth layer (K / m), is the contact area utilization of the jth layer (dimensionless), is the thermal resistance correction coefficient of the jth layer (K·m² / W), and m is the total number of pebble layers.

[0094] The heat accumulation data is obtained by time-integrating the heat storage rate, and the specific distribution of the heat in the heat storage layer is obtained by combining the spatial distribution analysis. The temperature drop rate calculation is based on the law of heat release, taking into account the thermal conductivity of the pebble material and the change in ambient temperature, and the heat release data is calculated. The temperature field analysis obtains the heat release temperature value by dynamically monitoring the temperature change during the release process. The airflow heating calculation combines the heat release temperature value with the return air system parameters to calculate the return air temperature data. The temperature balance processing achieves stable control of the heating temperature by adjusting the ratio of the return air volume to the fresh air volume. Finally, according to the heating temperature value, the distribution plan of the night heating airflow is determined through the flow distribution calculation, and the heating effect is ensured through temperature monitoring.

[0095] For example: In a specific application scenario, the initial temperature field measurement of the pebble heat storage layer shows that the bottom layer temperature is 75°C, the middle layer temperature is 70°C, and the top layer temperature is 65°C. The pebble layer uses round pebbles with a diameter of 3-5 cm. The total heat exchange area is 120 square meters calculated by heat exchange area. The inlet velocity of the heat storage airflow is 2.5m / s. After the flow distribution calculation, the airflow velocity of each layer is determined: 2.0m / s for the top layer, 2.3m / s for the middle layer, and 2.5m / s for the bottom layer. The heat storage rate calculation shows that under stable working conditions, the heat storage rate of the system is 15kW. After 8 hours of heat storage process, the cumulative stored heat reaches 432000kJ. When heating starts at night, the initial heat release temperature is 65°C. Through the temperature drop rate calculation, it is determined that the temperature drop is about 2°C per hour. The control target of the return air temperature is set to 35°C, and the stable heating temperature is maintained by adjusting the return air valve opening. The total amount of heating air flow at night is 800m³ / h. After temperature monitoring, the supply air temperature can still be maintained at around 38℃ 2 hours after the heating starts.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, the startup module 105 is specifically used to:

[0097] (1) performing temperature field measurement processing on the temperature parameters of the nighttime heating airflow to obtain nighttime heating temperature data, and performing temperature difference calculation processing on the nighttime heating temperature data to obtain a heating deviation value;

[0098] (2) performing a temperature threshold comparison process on the heating deviation value to obtain a temperature compensation requirement, and performing a heat calculation process on the temperature compensation requirement to obtain an auxiliary heat source start-up signal;

[0099] (3) performing temperature measurement processing on the smoke of the micro stove to obtain smoke temperature data, and performing heat calculation processing on the smoke temperature data to obtain an available heat value;

[0100] (4) performing heat exchange area calculation processing on the available heat value to obtain heat exchanger parameters, and performing heat transfer coefficient calculation processing on the heat exchanger parameters to obtain heat exchange efficiency value;

[0101] (5) Performing air heating calculation processing on the heat exchange efficiency value to obtain a supplementary air temperature, and performing temperature balance processing on the supplementary air temperature to obtain a supplementary heating air flow.

[0102] Specifically, the temperature sensor network arranged on the heating pipe by the start module 105 measures the temperature field of the night heating airflow. The sensor sets a measuring point every 5 meters along the pipe to form a complete temperature monitoring chain. The measured temperature data is digitally filtered to remove noise, and accurate night heating temperature data is obtained. The temperature data is calculated with the room design temperature parameters. The calculation result shows the deviation between the current heating temperature and the target temperature, forming a heating deviation value. The heating deviation value then enters the threshold comparison link and is compared with the preset temperature threshold (usually set to 3°C). When the heating deviation value exceeds the threshold, it indicates that the existing night heating is no longer sufficient to maintain the indoor temperature and the auxiliary heat source needs to be started. The temperature compensation demand is processed by heat calculation to determine the amount of supplementary heat required, and an auxiliary heat source start signal is generated accordingly to trigger the micro stove to start working.

[0103] After the micro stove is started, the high-temperature thermocouple installed on the flue measures the flue gas temperature in real time. The flue gas temperature sensor uses a K-type thermocouple with a measurement range of 0-800°C, which can accurately capture the temperature changes of the flue gas. The flue gas temperature data is combined with parameters such as flue gas flow rate and specific heat capacity, and the heat value that can be recycled in the flue gas is obtained through heat calculation processing. The available heat value is used to determine the design parameters of the heat exchanger. The heat exchange area calculation takes into account factors such as flue gas temperature, flow rate, and heat exchange requirements, selects the appropriate type and size of the heat exchanger, and obtains the key parameters of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger parameters are calculated through the heat transfer coefficient, combined with the structural characteristics and material properties of the heat exchanger, and finally the actual heat exchange efficiency value is obtained.

[0104] The heat exchange efficiency value directly determines the effect of supplementary heating. Through air heating calculation, the temperature rise value that can be achieved by the supply air under given heat exchange conditions is determined to obtain the supplementary air temperature. The supplementary air temperature is processed by temperature balance, taking into account the heat loss during the transportation process, to form the final supplementary heating airflow.

[0105] For example: When the outdoor temperature drops to -10°C, the temperature monitoring shows that the temperature of the nighttime heating air flow drops from the original 35°C to 28°C. Compared with the set heating temperature of 35°C, a heating deviation value of 7°C is generated. This deviation exceeds the preset threshold of 3°C, triggering an auxiliary heat source startup signal. After the micro furnace starts, the flue gas temperature quickly rises to 300°C, and the flue gas flow rate is 200 m³ / h. Through the heat exchanger to recover the heat of the flue gas, the fresh air is heated from 15°C to 45°C, forming a supplementary heating air flow of 600 m³ / h, effectively making up for the deficiency of the original heating. Through this precise temperature control and timely heat supplement, the stability of the indoor temperature in cold weather is ensured.

[0106] In a specific embodiment, the switching module 106 is specifically configured to:

[0107] (1) Perform temperature monitoring processing on the initial heating air flow to obtain the daytime heating temperature value, and perform temperature monitoring processing on the nighttime heating air flow to obtain the nighttime heating temperature value;

[0108] (2) Perform temperature monitoring processing on the supplementary heating air flow to obtain the auxiliary heating temperature value, and perform temperature field analysis processing on the daytime heating temperature value, the nighttime heating temperature value, and the auxiliary heating temperature value to obtain temperature distribution data;

[0109] (3) Perform heating state judgment processing on the temperature distribution data to obtain an operation mode switching signal, and perform state allocation processing on the operation mode switching signal to obtain working mode data;

[0110] (4) Perform equipment state calculation processing on the working mode data to obtain solar collector control parameters, pebble heat storage layer control parameters, and micro furnace control parameters, and perform state adjustment processing on the solar collector control parameters, the pebble heat storage layer control parameters, and the micro furnace control parameters to obtain equipment operation data;

[0111] (5) Perform parameter integration processing on the equipment operation data to obtain cycle control parameters, and perform feedback control processing on the cycle control parameters to obtain system operation instructions.

[0112] Specifically, the switching module 106 serves as the central control unit of the entire heating system, and comprehensively monitors the heating airflow through temperature sensors arranged on various pipelines. On the initial heating pipeline, the temperature sensor monitors the daytime heating temperature in real time, with a data sampling frequency of 1 time / minute, and records the temperature changes during direct heating by the solar thermal collection system. At the same time, the temperature sensor on the nighttime heating pipeline monitors the heating temperature when the pebble heat storage is released to form the nighttime heating temperature value. The temperature sensor set on the supplementary heating pipeline is responsible for monitoring the auxiliary heating temperature provided by the micro-stove to obtain the auxiliary heating temperature value. These three channels of temperature data are processed through temperature field analysis, and a multi-point weighted average algorithm is used to comprehensively consider the temperature and flow characteristics of each heating airflow to generate complete temperature distribution data, reflecting the current heating status of the system.

[0113] The temperature distribution data enters the state judgment unit, and the operating mode that the system should adopt is determined according to the preset judgment rules. The judgment rules generate the operating mode switching signal based on multiple factors such as sunshine conditions, indoor and outdoor temperature difference, and heat storage layer temperature. The switching signal is processed by state allocation, and the heating tasks in different time periods are allocated to the corresponding equipment to form detailed working mode data.

[0114] The working mode data is used to calculate the operating parameters of each device. For solar collectors, the control parameters include fan speed, valve opening, etc.; for pebble heat storage layers, the control parameters include heat storage temperature, heat release rate, etc.; for micro stoves, the control parameters include combustion intensity, heat exchange efficiency, etc. These parameters are processed by state adjustment to ensure that the equipment operates in the best working state and generate equipment operation data. The equipment operation data is processed by parameter integration to form a complete set of loop control parameters. The loop control parameters are adjusted in real time through the feedback control system to ensure timely system response and stable operation, and finally generate specific system operation instructions.

[0115] For example: at 6 o'clock in the morning, the temperature sensor monitoring shows that the outdoor temperature is -5℃ and the indoor temperature is 15℃. After the sun rises at 8 o'clock in the morning, the daytime heating temperature gradually increases from the initial 20℃ to 75℃, and the system enters the solar direct heating mode. At 12 o'clock noon, when the room temperature reaches the set value of 21℃, the excess heat is introduced into the pebble heat storage layer for heat storage. At 18:00 in the evening, the solar heating weakens, and the system switches to the pebble heat storage and heat release mode, at which time the nighttime heating temperature is 35℃. At 23:00 at night, when the pebble heat storage temperature drops to 30℃, the micro stove starts to provide 45℃ supplementary heating air flow. During the whole process, the switching module 106 adjusts the speed of the solar collector fan between 300-1200rpm, controls the valve opening of the pebble heat storage layer between 20%-100%, and maintains the micro stove stable operation at 70% load state, so as to achieve a smooth transition and continuous heating of the heating system.

[0116] Through the cooperation of the above components, the solar air thermal heating system based on the sensible heat storage of pebbles collects and processes the system parameters in real time through the collection module 101, provides accurate initial parameters for the system operation, and ensures the stability and reliability of the system operation. The heat exchange module 102 realizes the efficient use of solar energy. By accurately controlling the absorption of short-wave radiation energy and the convection heat exchange process, the air temperature is significantly improved, providing sufficient heating heat source for the building. The guidance module 103 reasonably allocates the flow direction of hot air based on the room temperature requirements. When the room temperature reaches the set value, it automatically imports the excess heat into the energy storage system to avoid energy waste. The release module 104 makes full use of the sensible heat storage characteristics of pebbles, stores solar heat during the day, and releases heat for heating at night, effectively solving the intermittent problem of solar heating. The start-up module 105 monitors the heating status in real time, starts the micro stove in time to supplement when the heating is insufficient, and recovers the waste heat through flue gas heat exchange, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system. The switching module 106 realizes the intelligent switching of the three modes of solar heating, heat storage and heat release, and auxiliary heating, ensuring that the system can maintain the best operating state under different working conditions. Through the coordinated work of these modules, the system realizes all-weather continuous heating, significantly improves the utilization efficiency of solar energy, and reduces heating costs. At the same time, the pebble heat storage has the characteristics of low cost and long life.

[0117] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage, characterized in that: The solar air heat collection heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage includes: The acquisition module is used to collect and process the parameters of the solar air thermal heating system to obtain the initial parameters of the system operation, including the collector start-up temperature threshold parameter, the room design temperature parameter and the pebble layer temperature parameter; A heat exchange module is used to absorb short-wave radiation energy and perform convection heat exchange processing on the air entering the solar air collector based on the collector startup temperature threshold parameter to obtain hot air, and distribute the hot air to obtain an initial heating airflow; A guiding module is used to perform a diversion process on the initial heating airflow based on the room design temperature parameter to obtain excess hot air, and to perform a guiding process on the excess hot air to obtain a pebble heat storage airflow and a water storage tank heating airflow; A release module is used to perform heat storage processing on the pebble heat storage airflow based on the pebble layer temperature parameter to obtain heat of the heat storage layer, and to release the heat of the heat storage layer to obtain a nighttime heating airflow; A start-up module, for detecting and processing the heating state of the system based on the temperature parameter of the nighttime heating airflow, obtaining an auxiliary heat source start-up signal, performing heat exchange processing on the smoke of the micro stove, and obtaining a supplementary heating airflow; The switching module is used to monitor and process the initial heating airflow, the night heating airflow and the supplementary heating airflow, obtain the operation mode switching signal, adjust the working state of the solar collector, the pebble heat storage layer and the micro stove, and obtain the circulation control parameters.

2. The solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating module is used for: Collecting and processing the sensor data of the heating system to obtain temperature detection data, and filtering the temperature detection data to obtain a temperature effective value; Performing threshold analysis processing on the effective temperature value to obtain a collector startup temperature threshold parameter, and performing interval division processing on the collector startup temperature threshold parameter to obtain a temperature control interval; Performing reference temperature calculation processing on the temperature control interval to obtain room design temperature parameters, and performing temperature difference comparison processing on the room design temperature parameters to obtain a temperature adjustment signal; Measuring and processing the indoor and outdoor temperatures to obtain temperature measurement data, and compensating the temperature measurement data to obtain the pebble layer temperature parameters; Performing heat balance calculation processing on the temperature parameters of the pebble layer to obtain heat capacity data of the pebble layer, and performing segment processing on the heat capacity data of the pebble layer to obtain heat storage capacity intervals; Performing heat storage efficiency calculation processing on the heat storage capacity interval to obtain a heat storage conversion coefficient, and performing proportional distribution processing on the heat storage conversion coefficient to obtain a heat storage control parameter; Performing heat distribution calculation processing on the pebble layer according to the heat storage control parameters to obtain heat distribution data, and performing heat loss calculation processing on the heat distribution data to obtain effective heat storage; The effective heat storage amount is subjected to heat balance calculation processing to obtain system energy distribution data, and the system energy distribution data is subjected to heat exchange efficiency calculation processing to obtain system operation initial parameters.

3. The solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat exchange module is used for: Performing temperature gradient calculation processing on the collector startup temperature threshold parameter to obtain temperature distribution data, and performing temperature threshold verification processing on the temperature distribution data to obtain a collector startup instruction; Performing flow measurement processing on the air entering the solar air collector to obtain air flow data, and performing flow velocity calculation processing on the air flow data to obtain air flow parameters; Performing boundary layer analysis processing on the air flow parameters to obtain a convective heat transfer coefficient, and performing heat exchange area calculation processing on the convective heat transfer coefficient to obtain heat exchange area data; The solar radiation intensity is measured and processed to obtain radiation energy data, and the absorption coefficient of the radiation energy data is calculated and processed to obtain the short-wave radiation absorption; Performing energy conversion calculation processing on the shortwave radiation absorption to obtain effective thermal energy data, and performing heat accumulation processing on the effective thermal energy data to obtain a hot air temperature value; Performing temperature distribution calculation processing on the hot air temperature value to obtain hot air temperature field data, and performing heat balance processing on the hot air temperature field data to obtain hot air; The hot air is subjected to flow channel distribution calculation processing to obtain an airflow distribution scheme, and the airflow distribution scheme is subjected to flow regulation processing to obtain an initial heating airflow.

4. The solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The guiding module is used for: Performing temperature difference calculation processing on the room design temperature parameter to obtain room temperature difference data, and performing threshold comparison processing on the room temperature difference data to obtain a shunt control signal; Performing flow measurement processing on the initial heating airflow to obtain airflow flow data, and performing flow balance calculation processing on the airflow flow data to obtain an airflow distribution ratio; Performing pipeline distribution calculation processing on the airflow distribution ratio to obtain airflow direction data, and performing flow resistance analysis processing on the airflow direction data to obtain excess hot air; Performing temperature field measurement processing on the excess hot air to obtain heat distribution data, and performing heat balance calculation processing on the heat distribution data to obtain a heat distribution plan; Performing flow channel distribution processing on the heat distribution scheme to obtain airflow guide data, and performing flow regulation processing on the airflow guide data to obtain guide air flow; Performing pebble layer flow distribution processing on the guide air flow to obtain a pebble heat storage airflow, and performing temperature measurement processing on the pebble heat storage airflow to obtain a heat storage inlet temperature; The guide air flow is processed by water tank flow distribution to obtain a water tank heated air flow, and the water tank heated air flow is processed by temperature measurement to obtain a heating inlet temperature.

5. The solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The release module is used for: Performing temperature distribution measurement processing on the pebble layer temperature parameters to obtain pebble layer temperature field data, and performing temperature gradient calculation processing on the pebble layer temperature field data to obtain heat storage capacity parameters; Performing flow velocity measurement processing on the pebble heat storage airflow to obtain airflow velocity data, and performing flow distribution calculation processing on the airflow velocity data to obtain a heat storage airflow distribution value; Performing heat exchange area calculation processing on the heat storage airflow distribution value to obtain a contact heat exchange area, and performing heat transfer coefficient calculation processing on the contact heat exchange area to obtain a heat conduction parameter; Performing heat storage rate calculation processing on the heat conduction parameters to obtain heat accumulation data, and performing heat distribution analysis processing on the heat accumulation data to obtain heat of the heat storage layer; Performing temperature drop rate calculation processing on the heat of the heat storage layer to obtain heat release data, and performing temperature field analysis processing on the heat release data to obtain a heat release temperature value; Performing airflow heating calculation processing on the heat release temperature value to obtain return air temperature data, and performing temperature balance processing on the return air temperature data to obtain a heating temperature value; The heating temperature value is processed by flow distribution calculation to obtain a nighttime heating airflow, and the nighttime heating airflow is processed by temperature monitoring to obtain a nighttime heating temperature.

6. The solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The startup module is used to: Performing temperature field measurement processing on the temperature parameters of the nighttime heating airflow to obtain nighttime heating temperature data, and performing temperature difference calculation processing on the nighttime heating temperature data to obtain a heating deviation value; Performing temperature threshold comparison processing on the heating deviation value to obtain a temperature compensation demand, and performing heat calculation processing on the temperature compensation demand to obtain an auxiliary heat source start-up signal; Performing temperature measurement processing on the smoke of the micro stove to obtain smoke temperature data, and performing heat calculation processing on the smoke temperature data to obtain an available heat value; The available heat value is processed by heat exchange area calculation to obtain heat exchanger parameters, and the heat transfer coefficient is calculated to obtain heat exchange efficiency value; The heat exchange efficiency value is subjected to air heating calculation processing to obtain a supplementary air temperature, and the supplementary air temperature is subjected to temperature balance processing to obtain a supplementary heating air flow.

7. The solar air thermal heating system based on pebble sensible heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The switching module is used for: Performing temperature monitoring processing on the initial heating airflow to obtain a daytime heating temperature value, and performing temperature monitoring processing on the nighttime heating airflow to obtain a nighttime heating temperature value; Performing temperature monitoring processing on the supplementary heating airflow to obtain an auxiliary heating temperature value, and performing temperature field analysis processing on the daytime heating temperature value, the nighttime heating temperature value and the auxiliary heating temperature value to obtain temperature distribution data; Performing heating state judgment processing on the temperature distribution data to obtain an operation mode switching signal, and performing state allocation processing on the operation mode switching signal to obtain working mode data; Performing equipment state calculation processing on the working mode data to obtain solar collector control parameters, pebble heat storage layer control parameters and micro stove control parameters, and performing state adjustment processing on the solar collector control parameters, pebble heat storage layer control parameters and micro stove control parameters to obtain equipment operation data; The equipment operation data is subjected to parameter integration processing to obtain cycle control parameters, and the cycle control parameters are subjected to feedback control processing to obtain system operation instructions.

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