Supporting module of tunnel test piece and full-scale model test equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a supporting module of a tunnel test piece and full-scale model test equipment, and relates to the technical field of tunnel full-scale model tests.The supporting module of the test piece comprises a back-leaning structure and a counter-force structure used for providing counter-force for the test piece, one end of the back-leaning structure is fixedly connected with a loading mechanism of the test piece, and the other end of the back-leaning structure is fixedly connected with a loading mechanism of the test piece; and the other end is rotationally connected with the counter-force structure. By means of the arrangement, the defects that in different full-scale model tests, a large number of different replacement cushion blocks need to be designed and produced in a customized mode, cost is high, and consumed time is long are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel full-scale model testing, and in particular to a supporting module of a tunnel specimen and full-scale model testing equipment. Background Art

[0002] Full-scale model testing is an engineering experimental method that simulates actual working conditions by applying loads, stresses or other forces to a complete structure of actual size to evaluate the performance, behavior and safety of the structure. With the rapid increase in the stock of railway shield tunnels in recent years, full-scale model testing of railway shield tunnels is very necessary.

[0003] In the full-scale model test, the jack, the back-supporting structure and the reaction frame are devices used to apply load and provide support to the test specimen. The reaction frame is arranged on the peripheral side of the test specimen to provide stable support and fixing points for the test specimen, and to provide reaction force to the jack. The jack is arranged between the test specimen and the reaction frame to apply pressure to the test specimen. At the same time, it applies a reverse force to the reaction frame through the back-supporting structure. The back-supporting structure is arranged on the inner side of the reaction frame for the jack to be installed and fixed on the reaction frame, and ensures that the jack is arranged along the radial direction of the test specimen so that the jack can apply force to the test specimen. In the prior art, the back-supporting structure often uses a pad.

[0004] During the full-scale model test, according to the actual situation of the railway, the tunnel specimens present a variety of shapes, including circular, horseshoe, rectangular, etc., and the reaction frame is usually assembled with an arc-shaped or straight-line structure. Therefore, the angles between the reaction frames at different positions and the test specimens they face are not the same, and the jacks at different positions are all set along the radial direction of the test specimens, so the angles between the jacks at different positions and the reaction frames are also different. In order to install the jacks on the reaction frames, a large number of pads of different shapes need to be designed, which is costly and time-consuming. For different full-scale model tests, a large number of replacement pads need to be customized and designed and produced. The reuse rate of the pads is low, which is not convenient for promotion and application. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the defects that different full-scale model tests require customized design and production of a large number of replacement pads of different shapes, which is costly and time-consuming, the present invention proposes a support module for a tunnel specimen and a full-scale model test equipment.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a support module for a tunnel specimen, including a back-leaning structure and a reaction force structure for providing a reaction force to the specimen, one end of the back-leaning structure is fixedly connected to the loading mechanism of the specimen, and the other end is rotatably connected to the reaction force structure.

[0007] Preferably, it further comprises an axle pin, and the rear leaning structure and the reaction force structure are rotatably connected via the axle pin.

[0008] Preferably, the reaction force structure protrudes on one side close to the specimen to form a first connecting member, and the first connecting member has a plurality of first holes extending vertically along its length direction; the rear leaning structure includes a second connecting member, and the second connecting member has a second hole extending vertically; the first hole and the second hole are simultaneously plugged and fixed with the axle pin.

[0009] Preferably, the second connecting member is two ear plates arranged up and down, and a second hole is respectively provided on the two ear plates facing each other; the first connecting member is arranged between the two ear plates, and the first hole is located between a pair of the second holes.

[0010] Preferably, a locking nut is further included, a thread matching the locking nut is provided on the surface of the shaft pin, and the upper and lower ends of the shaft pin extending out of a pair of the second holes are respectively locked with the locking nut.

[0011] Preferably, the inner diameters of the first hole and the second hole are the same, and are both the same as the outer diameter of the shaft pin.

[0012] Preferably, the rear leaning structure also includes an end plate and a stiffening rib, the ends of the two ear plates are fixedly connected to a side surface of the end plate, the vertical and adjacent ends of the stiffening rib are respectively fixedly connected to the side surface of the end plate and the surface of the ear plate, and the side surface of the end plate away from the ear plate is fixedly connected to the loading mechanism of the specimen.

[0013] Preferably, a bracket is further included, and a side of the end plate away from the ear plate is fixedly connected to a side of the bracket, and the loading mechanism of the specimen is fixedly connected to the other side of the bracket facing the end plate.

[0014] Preferably, the backrest structure further comprises an extension rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to a side of the end plate away from the ear plate, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the bracket.

[0015] The present invention also provides a full-scale model test equipment, comprising the above-mentioned tunnel specimen support module.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The rear leaning structure is rotatably connected to the reaction structure, so when it is necessary to connect loading mechanisms at different positions, or when full-scale tests of specimens of other shapes are required, there is no need to redesign and produce the rear leaning structure. Instead, the existing rear leaning structure only needs to be rotated to change the angle between it and the reaction structure at the corresponding position. The loading mechanism fixedly connected to the rear leaning structure can be arranged along the radial direction of the specimen, which is convenient for the loading mechanism to apply load to the specimen and simulate the actual working conditions of the specimen. There is no need to customize the design and produce a large number of replacement pads of different shapes, which is low in cost and reduces extra time. No customized production is required, which is convenient for promotion and application, reusable, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0019] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a support module of a tunnel specimen in an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a support module of a tunnel specimen in another embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a top view of the rear leaning structure;

[0022] Figure 4 It is the front view of the rear leaning structure;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a side view of the backrest structure.

[0024] 10. reaction force structure; 11. first connecting member; 12. shaft pin;

[0025] 20. Back structure; 21. Second connecting piece; 22. Second hole; 23. End plate; 231. Screw hole; 24. Rib; 25. Extension rod;

[0026] 30. Bracket; 301. Universal wheel; 31. Loading mechanism; 32. Test piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar components or components with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0028] In one embodiment, Figure 1As shown, a support module for a tunnel specimen used for a full-scale model test includes a reaction force structure 10 and a back-support structure 20. The reaction force structure 10 is used to provide a reaction force to the specimen 32. It can provide a reaction force to the specimen 32 by relying on its own gravity, or by being fixed on the ground. One end of the back-support structure 20 is fixedly connected to the loading mechanism 31 of the specimen 32, and the other end is rotatably connected to the reaction force structure 10, so that the back-support structure 20 installs and fixes the loading mechanism 31 to the reaction force structure 10, so that the loading mechanism 31 applies force to the test specimen 32. The backrest structure 20 is rotatably connected to the reaction structure 10, so when it is necessary to connect the loading mechanism 31 at different positions, or when it is necessary to conduct a full-scale test of a specimen 32 of other shapes, there is no need to redesign and produce the backrest structure 20. It is only necessary to rotate the existing backrest structure 20 to change the angle between it and the reaction structure 10 at the corresponding position, so that the loading mechanism 31 fixedly connected to the backrest structure 20 can be set along the radial direction of the specimen 32, which is convenient for the loading mechanism 31 to apply a load to the specimen 32 and simulate the actual working conditions of the specimen 32. There is no need to customize the design and production of a large number of replacement pads of different shapes, which is low in cost, reduces extra time, does not require customized production, is easy to promote and apply, can be reused, and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Among them, the loading mechanism 31 is a force-applying mechanism such as a jack.

[0029] In one embodiment, the support module of the tunnel specimen further includes an axle pin 12, and the back structure 20 is rotatably connected to the reaction structure 10 through the axle pin 12. Specifically, the reaction structure 10 protrudes on one side close to the specimen 32 to form a first connecting member 11, and the first connecting member 11 has a plurality of first holes extending vertically along its length direction; the back structure 20 includes a second connecting member 21, and the second connecting member 21 has a second hole 22 extending vertically; the first hole and the second hole 22 are simultaneously plugged and fixed to the axle pin 12.

[0030] Furthermore, the second connecting member 21 is two ear plates arranged up and down, that is, a double ear plate structure. The second holes 22 are arranged in a pair, and the pair of second holes 22 are arranged in opposite positions, respectively opened on the upper and lower ear plates. The first connecting member 11 is inserted between the two ear plates of the second connecting member 21; the first hole is located between the pair of second holes 22. By setting the second connecting member 21 as a double ear plate structure, the first connecting member 11 is clamped in the middle of the second connecting member 21. On the one hand, the relative displacement of the first connecting member 11 and the second connecting member 21 in the vertical direction is limited, and on the other hand, the contact area between the second hole 22 and the shaft pin 12 in the horizontal direction is increased, so that the shaft pin 12 is more stable in plugging and fixing the first connecting member 11 and the second connecting member 21, and has stronger pressure resistance.

[0031] When in use, the first connecting member 11 is stacked with the second connecting member 21 so that the first hole and the second hole 22 are facing each other, and the backrest structure 20 is rotated around the center of the first hole / second hole 22 so that the loading mechanism 31 fixedly connected to the backrest structure 20 is arranged along the radial direction of the test piece 32. The shaft pin 12 is inserted into the first hole and the second hole 22 in sequence, and the shaft pin 12 is respectively interference-fitted with the first hole and the second hole 22, so that the first connecting member 11 and the second connecting member 21 are fixedly connected by the shaft pin 12. The reaction force structure 10 can apply reaction force to the loading mechanism 31 and the test piece 32 through the first connecting member 11, the shaft pin 12 and the second connecting member 21 in sequence, providing stable support for the test piece 32. In addition, the angle between the first connecting member 11 and the second connecting member 21 can be quickly changed by installing and removing the shaft pin 12 and rotating the second connecting member 21, which is simple and easy to operate.

[0032] In one embodiment, the support module further includes a locking nut, and a thread matching the locking nut is provided on the surface of the shaft pin 12. After the shaft pin 12 passes through the first hole, the upper and lower ends of the second holes 22 are respectively locked with the locking nut. Compared with the interference fit, which requires pressure installation, in this embodiment, only the locking nut and the shaft pin 12 threads are locked to complete the fixing of the first connecting member 11 and the second connecting member 21, and the installation method is simpler.

[0033] In one embodiment, the inner diameters of the first hole and the second hole 22 are the same, and are both the same as the outer diameter of the axle pin 12, so that when the axle pin 12 is inserted into the first hole and the second hole 22, the first connecting member 11 and the second connecting member 21 will not be relatively displaced, the connection is more stable, the reaction force applied by the reaction force structure 10 to the specimen 32 is more reliable, and the diameter of the axle pin 12 does not need to be changed, so the production and manufacturing is simple and the cost is low.

[0034] In one embodiment, the first connector 11 and the second connector 21 are both configured to be plate-shaped. The plate-shaped structure has a large length and width and a relatively small thickness. This geometric shape enables the plate-shaped structure to resist bending and torsion deformation when subjected to external loads, thereby maintaining its rigidity and stability. The first connector 11 and the second connector 21 with a small thickness can also facilitate the selection and installation of the shaft pin 12 and the locking nut. By designing the first connector 11 and the second connector 21 to be plate-shaped, the contact area between them can be increased, the force and stress on the connection part can be dispersed, the possibility of concentrated stress can be reduced, and the strength and durability of the connection can be improved.

[0035] In one embodiment, Figure 3-5As shown, the backrest structure 20 also includes an end plate 23 and a stiffening rib 24. The ends of the two ear plates are fixedly connected to one side of the end plate 23, so that the end plate 23 connects the two ear plates. The stiffening rib 24 is provided with a right angle, and the two ends forming the right angle are vertical and adjacent. The two vertical and adjacent ends of the stiffening rib 24 are respectively fixedly connected to the side of the end plate 23 and the surface of the ear plate, and the side of the end plate 23 away from the ear plate is fixedly connected to the loading mechanism 31 of the specimen 32. The provision of the stiffening rib 24 further strengthens the connection between the ear plate and the end plate 23, improves the compressive resistance of the ear plate, and greatly increases the stability and strength of the overall backrest structure 20.

[0036] In one embodiment, the support module of the tunnel specimen further includes a bracket 30, and a side of the end plate 23 away from the ear plate is fixedly connected to a side of the bracket 30, and a loading mechanism 31 of the specimen 32 is fixedly connected to the other side of the bracket 30 opposite to the end plate 23. The bracket 30 provides vertical support for the back structure 20, reduces the shear stress on the back structure 20, and improves the reliability of the back structure 20. Among them, the loading mechanism 31 and the end plate 23 can be fixedly connected to the bracket 30 by screw fixing, welding, etc. For example, screw holes 231 are provided at the four corners of the end plate 23, and screw holes facing each other are provided on the bracket 30, and then the end plate 23 and the bracket 30 are screw-locked by four matching bolts. In the vertical direction, one bracket 30 can support multiple back structures 20 of different heights respectively. The bottom end of the bracket 30 is set on the ground. In order to facilitate the movement of the position of the bracket 30 so as to be suitable for back structures 20 at different positions, a universal wheel 301 can be provided at the bottom end of the bracket 30.

[0037] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the backrest structure 20 further includes an extension rod 25, one end of which is fixedly connected to a side of the end plate 23 away from the ear plate, and the other end of the extension rod 25 is fixedly connected to the bracket 30. The net distance between the reaction structure 10 at different positions and the test specimen 32 facing it may also be different, while the length of the loading mechanism 31 at different positions is consistent. Therefore, it is only necessary to change the length of the extension rod 25 to meet different net distance requirements, so that the loading mechanism 31 can be installed and fixed to the reaction structure 10 through the backrest structure 20, so that the reaction structure 10 can stably apply reaction force to the loading mechanism 31 and the specimen 32, and the loading mechanism 31 can simulate the actual working conditions of the specimen 32, so that the full-scale test can be carried out smoothly.

[0038] In one embodiment, the backrest structure 20 is rotatably connected to the reaction structure 10 through a ball pin. Specifically, the side of the reaction structure 10 close to the specimen 32 is concave along its length direction to form a plurality of ball pin seats, and the end of the backrest structure 20 away from the specimen 32 is convex to form a ball pin that matches the ball pin seat. The ball pin seat is designed to be a spherical structure that can accommodate a ball pin to rotate freely. Due to its spherical structure, the ball pin can rotate freely in any direction without leaving the ball pin seat. Therefore, when it is necessary to connect the loading mechanism 31 at different positions, or when it is necessary to conduct a full-scale test of a specimen 32 of other shapes, there is no need to redesign and produce the backrest structure 20. It is only necessary to rotate the ball pin in the existing ball pin seat to change the angle between the backrest structure 20 and the reaction structure 10 connected thereto, so that the loading mechanism 31 fixedly connected to the backrest structure 20 can be set along the radial direction of the specimen 32, which is low in cost and can be reused.

[0039] In one embodiment, a full-scale model test equipment, including the support module of the test piece 32 described above, can be applied to different full-scale tests, is easy to promote and apply, reduces costs, and improves test efficiency.

[0040] In the description of this specification, if the terms "embodiment one", "this embodiment", "in an embodiment" and the like appear, it means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in the invention or at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example; moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in an appropriate manner.

[0041] In the description of this specification, the terms "connect", "install", "fix", "set", "have", etc. are all understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In the description of this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0043] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate ordinary technicians in the technical field to understand and apply the technology of this case. People familiar with the technology in this field can obviously easily make various modifications to these examples and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, this case is not limited to the above embodiments. Modifications to the following situations should all be within the scope of protection of this case: ① A new technical solution implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention and combined with existing common knowledge, the technical effect produced by the new technical solution does not exceed the technical effect of the present invention; ② The equivalent replacement of some features of the technical solution of the present invention by using known technology, the technical effect produced is the same as the technical effect of the present invention; ③ The technical solution of the present invention can be expanded, and the substantive content of the expanded technical solution does not exceed the technical solution of the present invention; ④ The equivalent transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention is directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields.

Claims

1. A support module for a tunnel specimen, characterized in that: It comprises a back-leaning structure and a reaction force structure for providing a reaction force to the specimen, one end of the back-leaning structure is fixedly connected to the loading mechanism of the specimen, and the other end is rotatably connected to the reaction force structure.

2. The support module for the tunnel specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an axle pin, and the rear leaning structure and the reaction force structure are rotatably connected through the axle pin.

3. The support module for the tunnel specimen according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reaction force structure protrudes on one side close to the specimen to form a first connecting member, and the first connecting member has a plurality of first holes extending vertically along its length direction; the rear leaning structure includes a second connecting member, and the second connecting member has a second hole extending vertically; the first hole and the second hole are simultaneously plugged and fixed with the axle pin.

4. The support module for the tunnel specimen according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second connecting member is two ear plates arranged up and down, and a second hole is respectively opened on the two ear plates opposite to each other; the first connecting member is arranged between the two ear plates, and the first hole is located between a pair of the second holes.

5. The supporting module for the tunnel specimen according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a locking nut. The surface of the shaft pin is provided with a thread matching the locking nut. The upper and lower ends of the shaft pin extending out of a pair of the second holes are respectively locked with the locking nut.

6. The supporting module of the tunnel specimen according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner diameters of the first hole and the second hole are the same, and are both the same as the outer diameter of the shaft pin.

7. The specimen support module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rear leaning structure also includes an end plate and a stiffening rib, the ends of the two ear plates are fixedly connected to a side surface of the end plate, the vertical and adjacent ends of the stiffening rib are respectively fixedly connected to the side surface of the end plate and the surface of the ear plate, and the side of the end plate away from the ear plate is fixedly connected to the loading mechanism of the specimen.

8. The supporting module for the tunnel specimen according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a bracket, wherein one side of the end plate away from the ear plate is fixedly connected to one side of the bracket, and the loading mechanism of the specimen is fixedly connected to the other side of the bracket facing the end plate.

9. The supporting module for the tunnel specimen according to claim 8, characterized in that: The backrest structure also includes an extension rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to a side surface of the end plate away from the ear plate, and the other end of the extension rod is fixedly connected to the bracket.

10. A full-scale model test equipment, characterized in that: A support module comprising a tunnel specimen according to any one of claims 1-9.

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