A mechanical testing tool, testing platform and method for insulators used in nuclear fusion

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of testing devices, and discloses an insulator mechanical testing tool for nuclear fusion, a testing platform and a method, which comprise a center rod, one end of the center rod is arranged on a detection end of a testing machine, the other end of the center rod is connected with an insulator, an insulator positioning frame, the insulator positioning frame or the center rod is connected with a force applying end of the testing machine, and a connecting structure, which is a tensile and compressive performance testing connecting structure, a bending performance testing connecting structure or a torsional performance testing connecting structure, and the tensile and compressive performance testing connecting structure, the bending performance testing connecting structure and the torsional performance testing connecting structure can be replaced with each other. After one performance test is completed, the tool that has been subjected to the performance test can be removed, and other performance test tools are replaced, so that the insulator can be subjected to tensile, compressive, bending and torsional performance tests, the performance of the low-temperature insulator under various loads can be more comprehensively evaluated, and comprehensive detection of the insulator is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing equipment technology, specifically to a mechanical testing fixture, testing platform, and method for insulators used in nuclear fusion. Background Technology

[0002] Insulators are key components in nuclear fusion magnet systems. In nuclear fusion devices (such as ITER), insulators serve as insulating channels for liquid nitrogen and liquid helium in the longitudinal superconducting magnet, poloidal superconducting magnet, internal and external nitrogen shields, and current leads. They also form cooling circuits through pipelines and cryogenic components, and simultaneously provide insulation to ground. The main performance indicators of cryogenic insulators include mechanical strength, electrical performance, cryogenic resistance, gas tightness, and shock resistance. To ensure the safe operation of the nuclear fusion magnet system, all insulators undergo multiple rounds of performance verification tests, including thermal cycling tests, electrical performance tests, mechanical fatigue tests, and helium gas tightness tests.

[0003] Existing insulator mechanical performance testing machines only have the function of tensile and compressive testing at room temperature, and cannot comprehensively evaluate the performance of low-temperature insulators under various loads at low temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a mechanical testing fixture, testing platform and method for insulators used in nuclear fusion, in order to solve the problem that existing insulator mechanical performance testing machines cannot comprehensively evaluate the performance of low-temperature insulators under various loads.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, comprising:

[0006] The center rod is set at one end on the testing end of the testing machine and connected to the insulator at the other end;

[0007] An insulator positioning frame has a first end and a second end, with a central rod movably passing through the first end; the insulator positioning frame or the central rod is connected to the force-applying end of a testing machine to apply a load to the insulator through the force-applying end of the testing machine.

[0008] The connection structure can be a tensile / compression performance testing connection structure, a bending performance testing connection structure, or a torsional performance testing connection structure, and these connection structures can be interchanged. When the connection structure is a tensile / compression performance testing connection structure, one end of the insulator is coaxially connected to the central rod, and the other end of the insulator is connected to the second end of the insulator positioning frame. When the connection structure is a bending performance testing connection structure, one end of the insulator is perpendicularly connected to the central rod, and the other end of the insulator is connected to the insulator positioning frame through the bending performance testing connection structure. When the connection structure is a torsional performance testing connection structure, one end of the insulator is perpendicularly connected to the central rod and is not coplanar with the central rod, and the other end of the insulator is connected to the insulator positioning frame through the bending performance testing connection structure.

[0009] The aforementioned mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion utilizes a connection structure to arrange the insulators in different positions. The connection structures for tensile and compressive performance testing, bending performance testing, and torsional performance testing can be interchanged. After completing one performance test, the fixture that has been tested can be removed and replaced with other performance testing fixtures. This ensures that the mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion can perform tensile, compressive, bending, and torsional performance tests on insulators respectively, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of the performance of cryogenic insulators under various loads and achieving comprehensive testing of the insulators.

[0010] In one optional embodiment, one end of the insulator is provided with a first insulator flange, and the other end of the insulator is provided with a second insulator flange; a center rod connecting flange is provided on the center rod.

[0011] The aforementioned first and second flanges of the insulator facilitate mechanical performance testing.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the connection structure is a tensile and compressive performance testing connection structure. The first flange of the insulator is connected to the central rod connecting flange, and the second flange of the insulator is connected to the insulator positioning frame, thereby making the insulator and the central rod coaxially connected. When the force-applying end of the testing machine applies force to the insulator positioning frame or the central rod, it can drive the insulator to be stretched or compressed, thereby realizing the tensile or compressive performance test of the insulator.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, the connection structure is a bending performance testing connection structure, which includes a fixed flange and a fixed rod. The fixed flange is connected to the first end and / or the second end of the insulator positioning frame via the fixed rod, and the second flange of the insulator is connected to the fixed flange. The center rod is connected to the first flange of the insulator via a first flange connecting rod, and the extension of the centerline of the center rod intersects perpendicularly with the extension of the centerline of the insulator. Thus, when the force-applying end of the testing machine applies force to the insulator positioning frame or the center rod, the load can be applied to the insulator in a direction perpendicular to the insulator axis, causing the insulator to bend and realizing the bending performance test of the insulator.

[0014] In one optional embodiment, the connection structure is a torsional performance testing connection structure, which includes a fixed flange and a fixed rod. The fixed flange is connected to the first end and / or the second end of the insulator positioning frame via the fixed rod, and the second flange of the insulator is connected to the fixed flange. The center rod is connected to the first flange of the insulator via a first flange connecting rod, and the first flange of the insulator is connected to the second end of the insulator positioning frame via a second flange connecting rod. The first flange connecting rod and the second flange connecting rod are located on both sides of the insulator. Thus, when the force-applying end of the testing machine applies force to the insulator positioning frame or the center rod, the load can be applied to the first flange of the insulator in a direction perpendicular to the insulator axis, causing the insulator to torsion and realizing the torsional performance test of the insulator.

[0015] In one optional embodiment, a neck tube is slidably sleeved on the outside of the center rod, one end of the neck tube is connected to the insulator positioning frame, and the other end of the neck tube is connected to a connecting flange;

[0016] The connecting flange is connected to the force-applying end of the testing machine, and the center rod is connected to the fixed end of the testing machine; or the connecting flange is connected to the fixed end of the testing machine, and the center rod is connected to the force-applying end of the testing machine.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention also provides a mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion, comprising:

[0018] Testing machine;

[0019] The aforementioned mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion is mounted on a testing machine;

[0020] The low-temperature chamber, installed on the testing machine, is used to provide a low-temperature environment for the insulators.

[0021] The aforementioned mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion is capable of performing mechanical performance tests on insulators at both room temperature and low temperatures. When conducting low-temperature insulator mechanical performance tests, the insulators can be placed inside a cryogenic chamber for testing within this environment. This invention solves the problem of testing the mechanical properties of cryogenic insulators in low-temperature environments. This platform allows for testing of cryogenic insulators under various loads (tension, compression, bending, torsion, fatigue) at both room temperature and low temperatures, while also testing their low-temperature resistance and impact resistance. This provides support for testing the performance of cryogenic insulators at different temperatures and ensures the safe and reliable operation of nuclear fusion devices.

[0022] In one optional embodiment, the testing machine is a static electronic universal testing machine; the testing machine includes:

[0023] The support frame includes a frame body, a fixed beam, and a movable beam. The movable beam is slidably mounted on the frame body and serves as the force-applying end of the static electronic universal testing machine. The movable beam is connected to a connecting flange.

[0024] A base is located at the bottom of the support frame, and the low-temperature chamber is mounted on the base;

[0025] The first force sensor is located at the bottom of the fixed beam of the testing machine. The first force sensor is the detection end of the static electronic universal testing machine, and the central rod is connected to the first force sensor.

[0026] The aforementioned static electronic universal testing machine eliminates the hydraulic device, utilizing a movable beam to move the neck tube and apply force to the insulator, significantly reducing the tooling size and allowing the insulator positioning frame and insulator to be housed within the liquid nitrogen testing Dewar. Furthermore, this invention uses the insulator positioning frame to position the insulator, and by changing the shape of the liquid nitrogen Dewar according to the arrangement of the insulator and the insulator positioning frame, different shaped liquid nitrogen Dewars can be used to accommodate both the insulator and the insulator positioning frame within the liquid nitrogen Dewar.

[0027] In one optional embodiment, the testing machine is an electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine, the testing machine comprising:

[0028] frame;

[0029] An actuator, mounted on the frame and connected to the central rod, is the force-applying end of the testing machine;

[0030] A fixed frame is mounted on the machine frame. The fixed frame is the fixed end of the testing machine and is connected to the connecting flange.

[0031] The second force sensor is located at the connection between the central rod and the actuator.

[0032] The aforementioned electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine has an actuator that can apply loads to the central rod, and achieve the loading of tensile, compressive, torsional, and bending fatigue loads through the reciprocating motion of the actuator.

[0033] In one optional embodiment, the cryogenic chamber is a liquid nitrogen testing Dewar, which includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, with a hollow interlayer formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder;

[0034] The hollow interlayer is evacuated and / or equipped with high-vacuum multilayer insulation material and / or activated carbon; or, the hollow interlayer is equipped with foamed material and / or reinforcing ribs, which solves the problem that the rectangular liquid nitrogen Dewar deforms and becomes unusable when conventional liquid nitrogen Dewar is evacuated, and at the same time, the foamed material has a good heat insulation effect.

[0035] In one optional embodiment, the liquid nitrogen test Dewar is supplied with liquid nitrogen by a movable liquid nitrogen Dewar, which is located on the side of the support frame, making it convenient and quick to replenish liquid nitrogen.

[0036] And / or, the liquid nitrogen test Dewar can be replaced depending on the type of performance test.

[0037] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a mechanical testing method for insulators used in nuclear fusion, the method being based on the aforementioned mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion, and comprising the following steps:

[0038] The insulator is installed on the insulator positioning frame through the tensile and compressive performance test connection structure, so that the insulator is coaxially connected with the central rod. The load is applied to the insulator through the force application end of the testing machine, and tensile and compressive fatigue tests are carried out in sequence at room temperature and low temperature.

[0039] And / or, by using a bending performance test connection structure, the insulator is installed onto the insulator positioning frame, so that the insulator is perpendicularly connected to the center rod, and the load is applied to the insulator through the force application end of the testing machine, and bending fatigue tests at room temperature and low temperature are carried out in sequence.

[0040] And / or, the insulator is installed on the insulator positioning frame through the torsional performance test connection structure, the insulator is perpendicularly connected to the center rod and is not coplanar with the center rod, the load is applied to the insulator through the force application end of the testing machine, and torsional fatigue tests at room temperature and low temperature are carried out in sequence;

[0041] And / or, install the mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion onto an electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine, and perform dynamic fatigue tests of tension, compression, torsion, and bending in sequence.

[0042] In one alternative implementation, when performing low-temperature tensile, compressive fatigue tests and / or flexural fatigue tests and / or torsional fatigue tests and / or dynamic fatigue tests, the insulator is immersed in liquid nitrogen to cool it to 77K; wherein, the method for determining that the insulator has cooled to 77K is: the insulator is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen and the liquid nitrogen does not boil violently; or, the temperature of the insulator is monitored by a thermometer installed near the insulator.

[0043] This invention can be applied to the static tensile, compressive, bending, and torsional mechanical property testing of cryogenic insulators used in nuclear fusion at room temperature and 77K, as well as dynamic tensile, compressive, bending, and torsional fatigue performance testing, service life assessment, and thermal cycling testing. It can also be applied to the low-temperature static and dynamic mechanical testing, mechanical fatigue testing, low-temperature performance testing, and thermal shock resistance testing of other cryogenic structural components. Its tooling installation and replacement are simple, convenient, and quick, and it is compatible with static electronic universal testing machines and electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machines, enabling comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties, low-temperature resistance, and thermal shock resistance of cryogenic insulators. It provides methodological guidance for obtaining effective and reliable characterization of cryogenic insulators, meets my country's demand for mechanical property data on cryogenic insulators and other cryogenic materials, provides assurance for the safe and reliable operation of nuclear fusion devices, and ensures the information security of my country's core materials in aerospace and military projects. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, for testing tensile and compressive properties.

[0046] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during tensile and compressive performance testing;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during bending performance testing.

[0048] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during bending performance testing;

[0049] Figure 5This is a partial structural diagram of a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during torsional performance testing.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during torsional performance testing.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during tensile and compressive performance testing.

[0052] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during bending performance testing.

[0053] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure during the liquid nitrogen removal test using the Dewar radiator;

[0054] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during torsional performance testing.

[0055] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure during the liquid nitrogen removal test using the Dewar radiator;

[0056] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion, provided by the present invention, during dynamic fatigue testing.

[0057] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0058] 100. Static electronic universal testing machine; 101. Support frame; 1001. Fixed beam; 1002. Movable beam; 102. Base; 103. First force sensor;

[0059] 200. Low temperature box;

[0060] 300. Electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine; 301. Frame; 302. Actuator; 303. Second force sensor; 304. Fixture.

[0061] 400, center rod;

[0062] 500. Insulator positioning frame; 501. First flange; 502. Second flange; 503. Support rod;

[0063] 600. Neck tube; 601. Connecting flange;

[0064] 700. Connection structure; 701. Center rod connecting flange; 702. Insulator first flange; 703. Insulator second flange; 704. Fixing rod; 705. Fixing flange; 706. Center connecting rod; 707. First flange connecting rod; 708. Second flange connecting rod.

[0065] 800. Insulators;

[0066] 900. Mobile liquid nitrogen Dewar. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] Insulators are key components in nuclear fusion magnet systems. In nuclear fusion devices (such as ITER), insulators serve as insulating channels for liquid nitrogen and liquid helium in the longitudinal superconducting magnet, poloidal superconducting magnet, internal and external nitrogen shields, and current leads. They also form cooling circuits through pipelines and cold-mass components, and simultaneously provide insulation to ground. The main performance indicators of cryogenic insulators include: 1) Mechanical strength: At low temperatures, insulators need to maintain sufficient mechanical strength to withstand various loads and prevent brittle fracture. 2) Electrical performance: Under low-temperature conditions, the volume resistivity, electrical strength, and other electrical properties of the insulator should remain stable to ensure insulation performance. 3) Low-temperature resistance: The insulator material should have good low-temperature resistance, maintaining its physical and chemical properties in low-temperature environments. 4) Hermetically tight performance: For certain specific applications, such as the ITER epoxy-based composite axial insulators, good cryogenic hermetically tight performance is required to ensure sealing and hermetically tightness at low temperatures. 5) Impact resistance: Insulators should be able to withstand cryogenic shocks and thermal cycles, maintaining structural integrity and functional reliability. To ensure the safe operation of the nuclear fusion magnet system, all insulators need to undergo multiple rounds of performance verification tests, including thermal cycling tests, electrical performance tests, mechanical fatigue tests, and helium tightness tests.

[0069] Currently, domestic and international research on insulators mainly focuses on changes in their electrical properties, with few studies paying attention to changes in their mechanical properties. Furthermore, the corresponding testing equipment is even more lacking, which brings many inconveniences to studying the impact of extreme low-temperature environments on the mechanical properties of insulators.

[0070] BEST insulators for nuclear fusion are required to maintain a leakage rate of less than 1×10⁻⁶ during thermal shock and pressure tests. -9Pa·m 3 The airtightness requirement also requires that the airtightness performance be maintained after mechanical fatigue tests (2000N tensile, 2000N compression, 100Nm bending, and 100Nm torque). Existing insulator mechanical performance testing machines only have tensile and compression testing capabilities, and cannot comprehensively evaluate the performance of cryogenic insulators under various loads.

[0071] Based on this, the present invention provides a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, which is configured as a replaceable fixture structure. When performing different mechanical performance tests, the position of the insulator can be changed very conveniently. Thus, this fixture can not only perform tensile and compressive performance tests, but also bending and torsional performance tests.

[0072] Existing insulator mechanical property testing machines are mainly divided into two types: vertical and horizontal. Both use hydraulic devices to apply mechanical stress to the insulators. However, both vertical and horizontal testing machines are relatively large and cannot be placed in liquid nitrogen Dewar, which brings inconvenience to the study of the mechanical properties of low-temperature insulators.

[0073] Based on this, the present invention eliminates the hydraulic device and uses a movable beam to drive the neck tube to move, thereby applying force to the insulator, greatly reducing the tooling size and allowing the insulator positioning frame and insulator to be housed in the liquid nitrogen testing Dewar. Furthermore, the present invention uses the insulator positioning frame to position the insulator, and by changing the shape of the liquid nitrogen Dewar according to the arrangement of the insulator and the insulator positioning frame, the insulator and the insulator positioning frame can be housed within the liquid nitrogen Dewar.

[0074] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion (first aspect of the present invention), the mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion (second aspect of the present invention), and the mechanical testing method for insulators used in nuclear fusion (third aspect of the present invention).

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a first aspect, a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion is provided, combined with... Figures 1 to 6 As shown, it includes a center rod 400, an insulator positioning frame 500, and a connecting structure 700.

[0076] One end of the center rod 400 is set on the testing end of the testing machine, and the other end is connected to the insulator 800.

[0077] The insulator positioning frame 500 has a first end and a second end, and the center rod 400 moves through the first end of the insulator positioning frame. The insulator positioning frame 500 or the center rod 400 is connected to the force-applying end of the testing machine to apply a load to the insulator 800 through the force-applying end of the testing machine.

[0078] The connection structure 700 is a tensile and compressive performance test connection structure, a bending performance test connection structure, or a torsional performance test connection structure, and these connection structures can be interchanged with each other.

[0079] When the connection structure 700 is a tensile and compressive performance test connection structure, one end of the insulator 800 is coaxially connected to the center rod 400, and the other end of the insulator 800 is connected to the second end of the insulator positioning frame. The tensile and compressive performance test connection structure, the insulator positioning frame 500, and the center rod 400 together constitute the tensile and compressive performance test fixture.

[0080] When the connection structure 700 is a bending performance test connection structure, one end of the insulator 800 is perpendicularly connected to the center rod 400, and the other end of the insulator 800 is connected to the insulator positioning frame 500 through the bending performance test connection structure. The bending performance test connection structure, the insulator positioning frame 500, and the center rod 400 together constitute the bending performance test fixture.

[0081] When the connection structure 700 is a torsion performance test connection structure, one end of the insulator 800 is perpendicularly connected to the center rod 400 and is not coplanar with the center rod 400. The other end of the insulator 800 is connected to the insulator positioning frame 500 through the bending performance test connection structure. The torsion performance test connection structure, the insulator positioning frame 500, and the center rod 400 together constitute the bending performance test fixture.

[0082] The aforementioned mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion utilizes the connecting structure 700 to arrange insulators 800 at different positions. The connecting structures for tensile and compressive performance testing, bending performance testing, and torsional performance testing can be interchanged. After completing one performance test, the fixture that has been tested can be removed and replaced with other performance testing fixtures. This ensures that the mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion can perform tensile, compressive, bending, and torsional performance tests on insulators 800 respectively, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of the performance of cryogenic insulators under various loads and achieving comprehensive testing of insulators 800.

[0083] To facilitate mechanical performance testing, insulator 800 has argon-arc welded flanges at both ends. One end of insulator 800 is equipped with a first insulator flange 702, and the other end is equipped with a second insulator flange 703, which has a threaded rod. A center rod connecting flange 701 is provided on the center rod 400.

[0084] In one specific embodiment, the insulator positioning frame 500 includes a first flange 501 (upper flange), a second flange 502 (lower flange), and support rods 503, wherein multiple support rods 503 are provided and connect the first flange 501 and the second flange 502. The first flange 501 is the first end of the insulator positioning frame, and the second flange 502 is the second end of the insulator positioning frame.

[0085] In one embodiment, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the connection structure 700 is a connection structure for tensile and compressive performance testing. The first flange 702 of the insulator is connected to the central rod connecting flange 701, and the second flange 703 of the insulator is connected to the insulator positioning frame 500, thereby making the insulator 800 and the central rod 400 coaxially connected. When the force-applying end of the testing machine applies force to the insulator positioning frame 500 or the central rod 400, it can drive the insulator 800 to be stretched or compressed, thereby realizing the tensile or compressive performance test of the insulator 800.

[0086] As an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the connection structure 700 is a bending performance test connection structure, which includes a fixed flange 705 and a fixed rod 704. The fixed flange 705 is connected to the first end and / or the second end of the insulator positioning frame via the fixed rod 704. The second flange 703 of the insulator is connected to the fixed flange 705. The first flange 702 of the insulator is provided with multiple first threaded holes or through holes, and the first flange connecting rod 707 is provided with second threaded holes or through holes. The center rod 400 is connected to the first flange 702 of the insulator via the first flange connecting rod 707. More specifically, the center rod 400 is connected to one of the first threaded holes on the first flange 702 of the insulator via bolts or to two through holes via pins. The center line extension of the center rod 400 intersects perpendicularly with the center line extension of the insulator 800. Thus, when the force-applying end of the testing machine applies force to the insulator positioning frame 500 or the center rod 400, the load can be applied to the insulator 800 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the insulator 800, so that the insulator 800 can bend, thereby realizing the bending performance test of the insulator 800.

[0087] As an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the connection structure 700 is a torsional performance testing connection structure, which includes a fixed flange 705 and a fixed rod 704. The fixed flange 705 is connected to the first end and / or the second end of the insulator positioning frame via the fixed rod 704. The second flange 703 of the insulator is connected to the fixed flange 705. The center rod 400 is connected to the first flange 702 of the insulator via a first flange connecting rod 707. The first flange 702 of the insulator is connected to the second end of the insulator positioning frame via a second flange connecting rod 708. The first flange connecting rod 707 and the second flange connecting rod 708 are located on the left and right sides of the insulator 800. Therefore, when the force-applying end of the testing machine applies force to the insulator positioning frame 500 or the center rod 400, the load can be applied to the first flange 702 of the insulator in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the insulator 800, so that the insulator 800 can be torsion, thereby realizing the torsional performance test of the insulator 800.

[0088] In one embodiment, a neck tube 600 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the center rod 400. One end of the neck tube 600 is connected to the insulator positioning frame 500, and the other end of the neck tube 600 is connected to a connecting flange 601. The connecting flange 601 is connected to the force-applying end of the testing machine, and the center rod 400 is connected to the fixed end of the testing machine; or the connecting flange 601 is connected to the fixed end of the testing machine, and the center rod 400 is connected to the force-applying end of the testing machine.

[0089] In this embodiment, when the force-applying end of the testing machine moves the center rod 400 or the connecting flange 601, the center rod 400 or the connecting flange 601 applies force to the insulator.

[0090] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a second aspect, a mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion is provided, combined with... Figures 1 to 12 As shown, the system includes a testing machine, a mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion, and a cryogenic chamber 200. The mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion is mounted on the testing machine. The cryogenic chamber 200 is mounted on the testing machine and is used to provide a cryogenic environment for the insulator 800.

[0091] The aforementioned mechanical testing platform for insulators used in nuclear fusion is capable of performing mechanical performance tests on insulators at both room temperature and low temperatures. When conducting low-temperature insulator mechanical performance tests, insulator 800 can be placed inside a low-temperature chamber 200 for testing. This embodiment solves the problem of testing the mechanical properties of low-temperature insulators in low-temperature environments. This platform can test low-temperature insulators under various loads (tension, compression, bending, torsion, fatigue) at both room temperature and low temperatures, and can also test their low-temperature resistance and impact resistance. It provides methodological guidance for obtaining effective and reliable characterization of low-temperature insulators and meets my country's demand for mechanical performance data on low-temperature materials such as low-temperature insulators. This ensures the safe and reliable operation of nuclear fusion devices and guarantees the information security of my country's core materials in aerospace and military projects.

[0092] In one embodiment, combined Figures 7 to 11 As shown, the testing machine is a static electronic universal testing machine 100. The testing machine includes a support frame 101, a base 102, and a first force sensor 103. The support frame 101 includes a frame body, a fixed beam 1001, and a movable beam 1002. The movable beam 1002 is slidably mounted on the frame body and serves as the force-applying end of the static electronic universal testing machine. The movable beam 1002 is connected to a connecting flange 601. The base 102 is located at the bottom of the support frame 101, and the low-temperature chamber 200 is mounted on the base 102. The first force sensor 103 is located at the bottom of the fixed beam 1001 of the testing machine. The first force sensor 103 serves as the detection end of the static electronic universal testing machine. The central rod 400 is connected to the first force sensor 103 and is used for real-time load monitoring and control of the insulator 800.

[0093] In this embodiment, the movable beam 1002 drives the connecting flange 601, the neck tube 600, and the insulator positioning frame 500 to rise and fall. The neck tube 600 then applies force to the first flange 501 of the insulator positioning frame 500, transferring the load to the insulator 800. This embodiment eliminates the hydraulic device, utilizing the movable beam 1002 to move the neck tube 600 to apply force to the insulator, significantly reducing the tooling size and allowing the insulator positioning frame and insulator to be housed within the liquid nitrogen test Dewar. Furthermore, this embodiment uses the insulator positioning frame 500 to position the insulator 800, and by changing the shape of the liquid nitrogen Dewar according to the arrangement of the insulator 800 and the insulator positioning frame 500, the insulator and the insulator positioning frame can be housed within the liquid nitrogen Dewar.

[0094] As an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 12As shown, the testing machine is an electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine 300. The testing machine includes a frame 301, an actuator 302, and a fixed frame 304. The actuator 302 is mounted on the frame 301 and connected to the central rod 400, serving as the force-applying end of the testing machine. The fixed frame 304 is mounted on the frame 301 and serves as the fixed end of the testing machine, connected to a connecting flange 601. A second force sensor 303 is located at the connection between the central rod 400 and the actuator 302. In this embodiment, the actuator 302 can apply loads to the central rod 400, and the reciprocating motion of the actuator 302 achieves the loading of tensile, compressive, torsional, and bending fatigue loads.

[0095] Obtaining extremely low temperatures using cryogenic refrigerators requires highly complex equipment, significantly increasing costs and resulting in slow cooling rates, making it impossible to precisely control the sample temperature down to -196°C. To address this technical problem, in one embodiment, the cryogenic chamber 200 is a liquid nitrogen testing Dewar. The advantages of using a liquid nitrogen Dewar in this embodiment are that obtaining the extremely low temperature condition of -196°C is convenient, simple, and rapid. Furthermore, the liquid nitrogen immersion cooling method can quickly and accurately cool the sample to the liquid nitrogen temperature of -196°C with minimal temperature fluctuations. The Dewar is simple to use, and liquid nitrogen is inexpensive, resulting in low experimental costs.

[0096] In one embodiment, the liquid nitrogen test Dewar is cylindrical or rectangular. The liquid nitrogen test Dewar can be replaced depending on the type of performance test, thus enabling this embodiment to meet different performance test requirements.

[0097] The liquid nitrogen testing Dewar consists of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, with a hollow interlayer between them.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, a self-sealing vacuum valve is installed on the cylindrical test Dewar. The hollow interlayer is a high-vacuum interlayer, evacuated to a high-vacuum state before the experiment. A high-vacuum multilayer insulation material (MLI) is placed within the hollow interlayer. The multilayer insulation material exhibits excellent insulation performance in a high-vacuum environment. The structure of the multilayer insulation material consists of alternating reflective layers and spacer layers. Internal heat transfer is divided into radiative heat transfer, residual gas conduction, and solid conduction. The reflective layers of the multilayer insulation material are typically made of or coated with materials with high reflectivity and low emissivity. Therefore, radiative heat from the previous layer can be partially reflected by the radiation screen of the current layer, while the remaining energy is transferred to the next layer and reflected again. The spacer layers are mainly composed of materials with low thermal conductivity, such as glass fiber, nylon, wire mesh, and foam, reducing solid conduction between adjacent reflective layers. Multilayer insulation materials are often used in high-vacuum environments to avoid convective heat transfer. The multilayer insulation material mainly uses aluminized polyester film as the reflective layer and polyester mesh as the spacer layer. Activated carbon can also be installed inside the hollow interlayer to adsorb trace amounts of gas inside the hollow interlayer and maintain the long-term vacuum of the hollow interlayer.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, a hollow interlayer is formed between the outer and inner cylinders of the rectangular test Dewar. The hollow interlayer is filled with foamed material and / or reinforcing ribs, which solves the problem that the rectangular liquid nitrogen Dewar deforms and becomes unusable when a conventional liquid nitrogen Dewar is vacuumed. At the same time, the foamed material has good heat insulation properties.

[0100] In one embodiment, the liquid nitrogen test Dewar has an open top, resulting in some liquid nitrogen consumption. Liquid nitrogen needs to be added during testing to ensure the insulator is completely submerged. Therefore, this embodiment uses a liquid nitrogen Dewar with good thermal insulation properties to reduce liquid nitrogen consumption. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen test Dewar is supplied via a movable liquid nitrogen Dewar 900, which is positioned beside the support frame 101.

[0101] The mechanical testing platform and method for insulators used in nuclear fusion of the present invention will be described in detail below, in conjunction with tensile and compressive performance tests, bending performance tests, torsional performance tests, and dynamic fatigue tests.

[0102] 1. Tensile and compressive property tests

[0103] The principle of BEST insulator room temperature and low temperature tensile and compressive load performance testing is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, one end of the insulator is fixed, and the other end is directly subjected to tensile and compressive loads.

[0104] The connecting flange 601 is bolted to the underside of the movable beam 1002. The neck tube 600 is threaded to both ends of the connecting flange and the first flange 501, respectively. The first flange 501 and the second flange 502 are connected by several support rods 503 and secured with nuts.

[0105] The cryogenic insulator is located between the first flange 501 and the second flange 502. One end of the insulator, i.e., the lower flange with a threaded rod, passes through the second flange 502 and is connected to the bottom flange of the test bracket by a nut. The other end is connected to the center rod via a threaded rod on the center rod connecting flange. The center rod connecting flange and the upper flange of the insulator are fastened together by bolts. It should be ensured that the insulator and the center rod are on the same axis.

[0106] The tensile and compressive loads on the insulators are applied by moving the movable beam 1002 of the driving testing machine up and down. The speed at which the tensile end force load is applied is controlled by a computer.

[0107] Among these methods, a cylindrical liquid nitrogen test Dewar is used to enable liquid nitrogen temperature testing of cryogenic insulators. Tensile and compression testing fixtures are placed inside the liquid nitrogen test Dewar. Liquid nitrogen is injected from the movable liquid nitrogen Dewar into the test Dewar, completely immersing the cryogenic insulator. After the cryogenic insulator reaches a temperature of 77K, cryogenic tensile and compression fatigue tests are then performed.

[0108] The tensile fatigue test procedure at room temperature is as follows:

[0109] S1. Assembly and zeroing;

[0110] S2. The movable beam is loaded with a load to F1 at a specific speed, held for 5 minutes, and then restored to 0 N at the same speed, held for 5 minutes.

[0111] S3. Repeat step S2 to perform 25 tensile cycle fatigue tests.

[0112] The compression fatigue test procedure is as follows:

[0113] S10. Assembly and zeroing;

[0114] S20. The movable beam is loaded with a load to F2 at a specific speed, held for 5 minutes, and then restored to 0 N at the same speed, held for 5 minutes.

[0115] S30. Repeat step S20 to perform 25 compression cycle fatigue tests.

[0116] Low-temperature tensile and compressive fatigue testing:

[0117] The insulators were cooled to 77K by immersing them in liquid nitrogen. The above steps were repeated to perform tensile and compressive fatigue tests at 77K.

[0118] 2. Bending performance test

[0119] A schematic diagram of the bending performance test is shown below. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown. The electronic universal testing machine and the center rod have the same structure as those used in the tensile and compressive performance tests, and will not be described again. The difference lies in the bending test fixture. The first flange 501 is threaded to the neck pipe, and the first flange 501 and the second flange 502 are fixedly connected by nuts via several support rods. The fixed flange is connected to the upper flange and the lower flange via nuts via fixing rods, and the fixed flange is perpendicular to the first flange 501 and the second flange 502. The first flange 501 of the cryogenic insulator is fixed to the fixed flange with bolts, and the upper part of the second flange 502 is connected to the center connecting rod with bolts or pins. The center connecting rod 706 is threaded to the center rod. After installation, the cryogenic insulator should be perpendicular to the center rod. The bending load on the insulator is achieved by driving the second flange 502 of the testing machine to move up and down.

[0120] The bending test apparatus is placed inside a rectangular liquid nitrogen tank. Liquid nitrogen is injected into the rectangular liquid nitrogen tank to immerse the cryogenic insulator, and the temperature is raised to 77K before the bending performance test is performed. Foam material can be used to fill the space between the inner and outer walls of the rectangular liquid nitrogen tank.

[0121] The procedure for flexural fatigue testing at room temperature is as follows:

[0122] S100. Assembly and zeroing;

[0123] S200. Based on the design length L1 from the fixed point to the tension point in the testing device, the length L2 of the insulator itself, and the corresponding bending moment M1, M1 = F3 * L1, the magnitude of F3 can be calculated.

[0124] S300. The movable beam is loaded with a load to F3 at a specific speed (lasting 10 minutes), held for 5 minutes, and then returned to 0 N at the same speed, held for 5 minutes.

[0125] S400. Repeat step S300 and perform 25 bending cycle fatigue tests.

[0126] The procedure for low-temperature bending fatigue testing is as follows:

[0127] S100'. Assembly and zeroing;

[0128] S200'. Based on the design length L1 from the fixed point to the tension point in the test device, the length L2 of the insulator itself, and the corresponding bending moment M1, M1 = F3 * L1, the size of F3 can be calculated.

[0129] S300'. Immerse the insulator in liquid nitrogen to cool it to 77K;

[0130] S400'. The movable beam is loaded with a load to F3 at a specific speed (lasting 10 minutes), held for 5 minutes, and then returned to 0 N at the same speed, held for 5 minutes.

[0131] S500'. Repeat step S300' and perform 25 bending cycle fatigue tests.

[0132] 3. Torsional performance test

[0133] A schematic diagram of the torsional performance test is shown below. Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 10 , Figure 11As shown. Other components are similar to those used in the bending performance test, but the torsion test fixture differs slightly. Specifically, the central connecting rod is located on one side of the second flange of the insulator and is connected to it via bolts or pins. One end of the second flange connecting rod 708 is connected to the other side of the first flange of the insulator via bolts or pins, and the other end of the second flange connecting rod 708 is fixed to the second flange 502 with a nut. The holes on both sides of the second flange 703 of the insulator should be on the same horizontal plane as the insulator. Torsional load is applied to the insulator by moving the movable beam 1002 up and down in the driving test machine.

[0134] All the above tooling is made of stainless steel 304 or stainless steel 316, which ensures the strength of the mechanical test at low temperature.

[0135] The low-temperature torsional fatigue test procedure is as follows:

[0136] S1000. Assembly and zeroing;

[0137] S2000. Calculate the size of F4 according to the torque: F4 = M1 / L2, where L2 is the distance from the center of the bolt hole of the central connecting rod to the center of the bolt hole of the second flange connecting rod.

[0138] S3000. Immerse the insulator in liquid nitrogen to cool it to 77K.

[0139] S4000. Load the load to F4 at a specific compression rate (takes 10 minutes), hold for 5 minutes, then return to 0N at the same rate and hold for 5 minutes;

[0140] S5000. Repeat step S3000 and perform 25 cycles of torsional fatigue test.

[0141] 4. Dynamic fatigue test

[0142] By adapting tensile, compression, torsion, and bending fixtures to an electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine, tensile, compression, torsion, and bending fatigue load tests can be completed. The central crossbeam is fixed, and the actuator 302 is connected to the central rod 400. The reciprocating motion of the actuator 302 achieves the loading of tensile, compression, torsion, and bending fatigue loads. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the torsion testing fixture installed on an electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine.

[0143] Low-temperature 77K fatigue test procedure:

[0144] 1) Tensile fatigue test: After assembly and zeroing, perform a specified number of fatigue tensile tests at 77K, with a maximum load of F1 / 2, a minimum load of F1 / 20, and a frequency of 1.25Hz;

[0145] 2) Compression fatigue test: After assembly and zeroing, perform a specified number of fatigue compression tests at 77K, with a maximum load of F2 / 2, a minimum load of F2 / 20, and a frequency of 1.25Hz;

[0146] 3) M1 / 2 bending fatigue test: After assembly and zeroing, perform the specified number of fatigue bending tests at 77K, with a maximum load of F3 / 2, a minimum load of F3 / 20, and a frequency of 1Hz;

[0147] 4) M1 / 2 Torsional Fatigue Test: Assembly, zeroing, and a specified number of torsional fatigue tests at 77K, with a maximum load of F4 / 2, a minimum load of F4 / 20, and a frequency of 1.2Hz. The specific method for the torsional fatigue test is as follows: The torsional fatigue testing fixture and insulator are installed on a fatigue testing machine. The insulator is immersed in liquid nitrogen. When the temperature reaches 77K, the host computer sets the corresponding parameters and steps to conduct the fatigue test.

[0148] In this invention, when performing low-temperature tensile and compressive fatigue tests and / or bending fatigue tests and / or torsional fatigue tests and / or dynamic fatigue tests, the insulator 800 is immersed in liquid nitrogen to cool the insulator 800 to 77K.

[0149] The reason for raising the temperature of insulator 800 to 77K is that cryogenic insulators serve as insulating channels for cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen in nuclear fusion applications. Liquid nitrogen flows through the insulator, maintaining electrical insulation between its two ends. Therefore, during mechanical testing, it is necessary to immerse it in liquid nitrogen to reach the liquid nitrogen temperature of 77K.

[0150] The method to determine if the insulator 800 has cooled down to 77K is as follows:

[0151] If insulator 800 is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen and no violent boiling is observed, it can be determined that the sample has cooled to the liquid nitrogen temperature of 77K. Since the temperature of liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure is -196℃, as long as the insulator is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the insulator can be considered to be the same as the temperature of the liquid nitrogen.

[0152] Alternatively, the temperature of insulator 800 can be monitored using a thermometer installed near it. The thermometer can be a rhodium-iron thermometer, platinum resistance thermometer, etc., connected to a temperature display instrument for real-time temperature monitoring. The thermometer should be placed at the same height as the insulator.

[0153] This invention can be applied to the static tensile, compressive, bending, and torsional mechanical property testing of cryogenic insulators used in nuclear fusion at room temperature and 77K, as well as dynamic tensile, compressive, bending, and torsional fatigue performance testing, service life assessment, and thermal cycling testing. It can also be applied to the low-temperature static and dynamic mechanical testing, mechanical fatigue testing, low-temperature performance testing, and thermal shock resistance testing of other cryogenic structural components. Its tooling installation and replacement are simple, convenient, and quick, and it is compatible with static electronic universal testing machines and electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machines, enabling comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties, low-temperature resistance, and thermal shock resistance of cryogenic insulators. It provides methodological guidance for obtaining effective and reliable characterization of cryogenic insulators, meets my country's demand for mechanical property data on cryogenic insulators and other cryogenic materials, provides assurance for the safe and reliable operation of nuclear fusion devices, and ensures the information security of my country's core materials in aerospace and military projects.

[0154] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An insulator mechanical testing platform for nuclear fusion, characterized in that, include: Testing machine; Mechanical testing fixtures for insulators used in nuclear fusion are mounted on a testing machine; The low-temperature chamber (200), installed on the testing machine, is used to provide a low-temperature environment for the insulators (800); The mechanical testing fixture for insulators used in nuclear fusion includes: The center rod (400) is set at one end on the testing end of the testing machine and the other end is connected to the insulator (800); An insulator positioning frame (500) has a first end and a second end, and a central rod (400) moves through the first end of the insulator positioning frame; the insulator positioning frame (500) or the central rod (400) is connected to the force-applying end of the testing machine to apply a load to the insulator (800) through the force-applying end of the testing machine; The connecting structure (700) is a tensile and compressive performance test connecting structure, a bending performance test connecting structure, or a torsional performance test connecting structure, and the tensile and compressive performance test connecting structure, the bending performance test connecting structure, and the torsional performance test connecting structure can be interchanged with each other. One end of the insulator (800) is provided with an insulator first flange (702), and the other end of the insulator (800) is provided with an insulator second flange (703); the center rod (400) is provided with a center rod connecting flange (701); When the connection structure (700) is a tensile and compressive performance test connection structure, one end of the insulator (800) is coaxially connected to the center rod (400), and the other end of the insulator (800) is connected to the second end of the insulator positioning frame; When the connection structure (700) is a bending performance test connection structure, one end of the insulator (800) is perpendicularly connected to the center rod (400), and the other end of the insulator (800) is connected to the insulator positioning frame (500) through the bending performance test connection structure. When the connection structure (700) is a torsion performance test connection structure, one end of the insulator (800) is perpendicularly connected to the center rod (400) and is not coplanar with the center rod (400). The other end of the insulator (800) is connected to the insulator positioning frame (500) through the bending performance test connection structure. The torsion performance test connection structure includes a fixed flange (705) and a fixed rod (704). The fixed flange (705) is connected to the insulator positioning frame through the fixed rod (704). One end is connected to the second end of the insulator positioning frame, and the second flange (703) of the insulator is connected to the fixed flange (705); the center rod (400) is connected to the first flange (702) of the insulator through the first flange connecting rod (707), and the first flange (702) of the insulator is connected to the second end of the insulator positioning frame through the second flange connecting rod (708). The first flange connecting rod (707) and the second flange connecting rod (708) are located on both sides of the insulator (800); The testing machine is an electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine (300) or a static electronic universal testing machine (100); The low-temperature box (200) is a liquid nitrogen test Dewar, which comprises an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, and a hollow interlayer is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder; the hollow interlayer is provided with foamed material and / or reinforcing ribs; A neck pipe (600) is sleeved outside the center rod (400), one end of the neck pipe (600) is connected with the insulator positioning frame (500), and the other end of the neck pipe (600) is connected with a connecting flange (601); the connecting flange (601) is connected to the force applying end of the testing machine, and the center rod (400) is connected to the fixed end of the testing machine; or the connecting flange (601) is connected to the fixed end of the testing machine, and the center rod (400) is connected to the force applying end of the testing machine.

2. The mechanical testing platform for insulators for nuclear fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting structure (700) is a tensile and compressive property testing connecting structure, the insulator first flange (702) is connected with the center rod connecting flange (701), and the insulator second flange (703) is connected with the insulator positioning frame (500).

3. The mechanical testing platform for insulators for nuclear fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting structure (700) is a bending property testing connecting structure, which comprises a fixed flange (705) and a fixed rod (704), the fixed flange (705) is connected with the first end of the insulator positioning frame and / or the second end of the insulator positioning frame through the fixed rod (704), and the insulator second flange (703) is connected with the fixed flange (705); the center rod (400) is connected with the insulator first flange (702) through a first flange connecting rod (707), and the center line extension line of the center rod (400) and the center line extension line of the insulator (800) are perpendicular to each other.

4. The insulator mechanical testing platform for nuclear fusion of claim 1, wherein, When the testing machine is a static electronic universal testing machine (100), the testing machine comprises: a support frame (101) comprising a frame body, a fixed beam (1001) and a movable beam (1002), the movable beam (1002) being slidably arranged on the frame body, the movable beam (1002) being the force applying end of the static electronic universal testing machine, and the movable beam (1002) being connected with the connecting flange (601); a base (102) arranged at the bottom of the support frame (101), and the low-temperature box (200) being arranged on the base (102); a first force sensor (103) arranged at the bottom of the fixed beam (1001) of the testing machine, the first force sensor (103) being the detection end of the static electronic universal testing machine, and the center rod (400) being connected with the first force sensor (103).

5. The mechanical testing platform for insulators for nuclear fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the testing machine is an electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine (300), the testing machine comprises: a machine frame (301); an actuator (302) arranged on the machine frame (301) and connected with the center rod (400), the actuator (302) being the force applying end of the testing machine; a fixed frame (304) arranged on the machine frame (301), the fixed frame (304) being the fixed end of the testing machine, and the fixed frame (304) being connected with the connecting flange (601); a second force sensor (303) arranged at the connection between the center rod (400) and the actuator (302).

6. The insulator mechanical testing platform for nuclear fusion of claim 1, wherein, The liquid nitrogen test Dewar supplies liquid nitrogen by moving a liquid nitrogen Dewar (900) arranged beside the support frame (101) ; And / or, the liquid nitrogen test Dewar can be replaced according to the type of performance test.

7. A method for mechanical testing of insulators for nuclear fusion, characterized in that, The method is carried out based on the mechanical test platform for insulators for nuclear fusion according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising the following steps: The insulator (800) is installed on the insulator positioning frame (500) through the tensile and compressive performance test connecting structure, the insulator (800) is coaxially connected with the center rod (400), the insulator (800) is loaded by the force applying end of the testing machine, and the tensile and compressive fatigue tests at normal temperature and low temperature are sequentially carried out; And / or, the insulator (800) is installed on the insulator positioning frame (500) through the bending performance test connecting structure, the insulator (800) is perpendicularly connected with the center rod (400), the insulator (800) is loaded by the force applying end of the testing machine, and the bending fatigue tests at normal temperature and low temperature are sequentially carried out; And / or, the insulator (800) is installed on the insulator positioning frame (500) through the torsional performance test connecting structure, the insulator (800) is perpendicularly connected with the center rod (400) and does not share a plane with the center rod (400), the insulator (800) is loaded by the force applying end of the testing machine, and the torsional fatigue tests at normal temperature and low temperature are sequentially carried out; And / or, the mechanical test tooling for insulators for nuclear fusion is installed on the electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine (300), and the tensile, compressive, torsional and bending dynamic fatigue tests are sequentially carried out.

8. The insulator mechanical testing method for nuclear fusion as claimed in claim 7, wherein When the tensile and compressive fatigue tests and / or the bending fatigue tests and / or the torsional fatigue tests and / or the dynamic fatigue tests at low temperature are carried out, the insulator (800) is immersed in liquid nitrogen, and the insulator (800) is cooled to 77K; wherein, the method for determining that the insulator (800) has been cooled to 77K is that the insulator (800) is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen does not boil violently; or, the temperature of the insulator (800) is monitored by a thermometer installed near the insulator (800).

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