Modular container system for indoor firework characteristic training

Abstract

The invention relates to and provides a modular container system for indoor firework characteristic training, which comprises a three-layer container structure constructed by modular structural units and modular functional units, and comprises a first-layer container, a second-layer container and a third-layer container; the modular structure unit comprises an integral module and a matched module; the modular function unit is designed based on the modular structure unit and training content, and comprises a basic module container and a scene module container; the basic module container comprises a backdraft module container, a flashover module container, an obstacle space module container, a closed top structure module container, a control room module container and a user-defined module container; the scene module container comprises a residential building fire module container and a vestibule type building fire module container. The indoor smoke and fire characteristic training safety can be guaranteed, and the indoor smoke and fire characteristic training effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fire fighting, and in particular relates to a modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristic training. Background Art

[0002] Firefighting is a profession characterized by high risk and danger, and firefighting and rescue personnel often need to carry out firefighting and rescue in dangerous and complex environments. Therefore, relying solely on actual combat to improve the firefighting and rescue technical and tactical capabilities of firefighting and rescue personnel will lead to an increase in the casualties of firefighters, which is obviously not advisable.

[0003] To date, the relevant theories and facilities of indoor fire and pyrotechnic characteristics training have been continuously proposed and applied. The corresponding training containers are widely used in actual real smoke and real fire training due to their flexible design and reasonable construction cost. CFBT (Compartment Fire Behavior Training, CFBT, indoor fire and pyrotechnic characteristics training) container facilities can build a safe, controllable and close to real fire training environment. By constantly changing the structure of the training facilities and the distribution of combustion devices, it can simulate various types of building structures and their smoke flow, flashover, backdraft and other fire phenomena, so as to train the fire fighting and rescue skills and tactics of the trainees, improve the psychological quality of the personnel, team spirit, and accumulate fire fighting and rescue experience.

[0004] Domestic and foreign institutions and scholars have conducted many exploratory studies on the design and construction of real smoke and real fire training bases and facilities. The American Fire Protection Association first formulated real fire training standards and fire training center construction standards in the 1980s. After many summaries and feedback, the two standards have established reference specifications for the specific operation procedures, safety assurance and training center construction of real fire training, and improved the scope and efficiency of real fire training. In 2006, my country promulgated the "Fire Training Base Training Facility Construction Standard" (XF / T623-2006), which stipulates the terms and definitions, construction principles, construction scale, training facility composition and construction project requirements of fire training base training facilities.

[0005] In 2011, my country promulgated the "Technical Requirements for Fire Accident Disposal Training Facilities for Chemical Plants" (XF941-2011) and the "Technical Requirements for Grid-Partitioned Smoke and Heat Training Rooms" (XF942-2011), which stipulated the basic composition, functional requirements and technical requirements of the two training facilities, ensuring the scientific and standardized construction of relevant training facilities. In 2012, my country promulgated the "Requirements for Fire Emergency Rescue Training Facilities" (GB / T 29177-2012), which stipulated the composition and functions, construction requirements and safety requirements of a number of training facilities such as training towers and smoke and heat training rooms. However, at this stage, there is still a certain degree of gap in the standards and specifications for the design and construction of indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training facilities.

[0006] Domestic scholars have conducted a lot of work on the design and research of real fire training facilities. In terms of numerical simulation of facilities, Yang Bo simulated different types of fire conditions by setting parameters such as flame height, flame rising speed and fire extinguishing difficulty in the device (Yang Bo. Simulated fire fire training device [J]. Mechanical and electrical product development and innovation, 2012, 25 (03)); Cao Yongqiang et al. introduced the structural characteristics and composition of the combustion device for fire fighting training using gas as fuel (Cao Yongqiang, Du Xi. Combustion device for fire fighting training using gas as fuel [J]. Fire Technology and Product Information, 2011, (12)); Ren Kai et al. used the simulation platform to simulate the flame change control process under the typical action state of personnel extinguishing fire, providing a way to control the fire extinguishing process of new fire training devices (Ren Kai, Pu Jinyun. Parametric simulation method of flame control of new fire training devices [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2013, 32 (08)).

[0007] In terms of training system monitoring, management and control, Zhang Yanfang used a three-layer network monitoring system based on fieldbus technology to design and implement an intelligent simulation training system for a training base (Zhang Yanfang. Design and implementation of a fire simulation training system based on ControlNet bus [D]. South China University of Technology, 2009); Wang Tong et al. introduced a fire simulation training automation control system that can realistically simulate the fire environment through industrial automation control technology and electronic computer technology, and monitor, record and analyze training process data in real time (Wang Tong, Liu Xiaolin. Fire simulation training ground automation control system [J]. Guangdong Automation and Information Engineering, 2005, (02)); Zhu Junhua proposed an intelligent control strategy for the fire simulation process, designed and developed fire simulation process control software, and applied the system to the indoor training scene of a training base (Zhu Junhua. Research and development of fire simulation training intelligent control system [D]. Northeastern University, 2017).

[0008] In terms of training system design, Yang Lixian introduced the characteristics of several typical firefighting projects and the corresponding design methods of firefighting simulation training systems, providing reference for the construction of firefighting simulation training systems (Yang Lixian. Design of common firefighting project simulation training systems [J]. Journal of Civil Aviation University of China, 2012, 30(04)); Guo Huafang et al. analyzed the current development status of firefighting simulation training systems, and summarized the characteristics, system composition structure and software functions of modern simulation training systems at home and abroad (Guo Huafang, Li Zhiwen. Preliminary exploration of firefighting simulation training systems [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2007, (01)); Wei Wei et al. conducted a comparative analysis of the research status of real fire simulation training facilities at home and abroad, and analyzed the simulation and training functions that building real fire simulation training facilities should have (Wei Wei, Wang Changjiang, Ma Yijia. Exploration of the design of building real fire simulation training facilities [J]. Fire Technology and Product Information, 2016, (08)); Yang Xiaojian et al. proposed a fire real fire simulation training system to achieve fire simulation training through controllable flames, smoke and sound environment (Yang Xiaojian, Yi Xing, Peng Zheng, et al. Preliminary study on the design of real fire simulation training system [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2015, 34(09)); Xie Hao first analyzed and studied the types and scene layout requirements of indoor real fire training facilities in buildings, and the development trends of indoor real fire training facilities in buildings. He then proposed a set of building real fire simulation training facility combustion system composition, and developed an atmospheric combustion device suitable for fire simulation training system (Xie Hao. Analytical study of indoor real fire training facilities in buildings [J]. Fire Technology and Product Information, 2015; Xie Hao, Jin Longzhe, Jing Rong. Design of combustion system of building real fire simulation training facilities [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2016, 35(11); Xie Hao. Development and experimental research of typical fire simulation training system [D]. University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2022).

[0009] In recent years, firefighting teams at all levels and in all regions have begun to be exposed to indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training theory and related training facilities have begun to be valued and gradually formed a scale. More and more fire rescue teams have included indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training in team building and actual combat training, and indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training containers have begun to be built and put into use. However, due to factors such as team building capabilities, training purpose requirements, and especially facility construction standards, the built CFBT containers have great differences in scale, function, and utilization. Due to the lack of facility construction standards, the functional design is single, the training content is not scientific enough, and safety issues cannot be guaranteed.

[0010] Based on the above content, it can be seen that there are certain gaps in the design, construction, and training of real smoke and fire training facilities, including indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training. Although domestic and foreign scholars have conducted research to varying degrees in the theoretical simulation, control system, ignition and combustion device of training facilities, there is still a big gap in the overall facility design, especially the complete design of indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training containers. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristic training. Starting from the actual needs of the team, the container structure is modularly designed for the overall facilities and supporting facilities; at the same time, the common training contents of CFBT and the fire data analysis results in recent years are summarized to carry out modular design of container functions, so as to obtain various functional modules, and finally a complete set of CFBT container design solutions are given according to the modular design contents, so as to promote the standardization of such training facilities, ensure the safety of indoor pyrotechnic characteristic training, improve the effect of indoor pyrotechnic characteristic training, so as to solve the problems of single function, lack of standards and low utilization rate in the design of indoor pyrotechnic characteristic containers affected by factors such as team building capacity, facility construction standards and training purposes.

[0012] The present invention provides a modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training, including a three-layer container structure constructed by modular structural units and modular functional units, including a first-layer container, a second-layer container and a third-layer container;

[0013] The modular structural unit includes an integral module and a supporting module;

[0014] The modular functional unit is designed based on the modular structural unit and the training content, and includes a basic module container and a scenario module container;

[0015] The basic module container includes a backfire module container, a flashover module container, an obstacle space module container, a dead roof structure module container, a control room module container, and a custom module container;

[0016] The scene module containers include residential building fire module containers and corridor building fire module containers;

[0017] The first-floor container includes a first-floor structure, a second-floor structure, and a third-floor structure; the first-floor structure is a residential building fire module container; the second-floor structure is composed of the flashover module container and the custom module container, and is used to achieve a comprehensive fire environment; the third-floor structure is a control room module container, and a passage space and a training door are reserved to connect the first-floor structure and the second-floor structure, and the reserved passage is used as an attack passage or a smoke spread path; sufficient space is reserved outside the first-floor container, and an external staircase is set up for climbing to the external platform of the second-floor container;

[0018] The second-floor container includes a first structure part on the second floor, a second structure part on the second floor, and a third structure part on the second floor; the first structure part on the second floor is a corridor-type building fire module container; the second structure part on the second floor is an obstacle space module container; the third structure part on the second floor is a custom module container, which is used to connect the first structure part on the second floor and the second structure part on the second floor. In addition to the custom function, the custom module container also serves as a training buffer area; an external platform is arranged outside the second-floor container, and an external staircase is connected to the outside of the first-floor container and the outside of the third-floor container;

[0019] The three-layer container is composed of a dead-top structure module container, which is arranged on the upper part of the obstacle space module container of the second-layer container, and an external platform and an external staircase are arranged on the outside;

[0020] The flashback module container is separately provided and is not connected to other module containers, so as to simulate the flashback fire phenomenon.

[0021] Furthermore, the overall module is constructed using standard containers of two sizes, 20 feet and 40 feet. Fire-resistant fireproof panels are installed on the container ceiling and side walls, and fire-resistant bricks are laid on the ground. Internal and external stairs, internal and external doors and windows, external platforms, demolition openings, observation windows, movable partitions, fireproof partitions, combustion beds, and fire stoves are installed. The demolition materials and fire-resistant fireproof panels are designed to be replaceable, and positions are reserved for subsequent upgrades.

[0022] The supporting modules include a fixed ignition and combustion device, a mobile combustion plate, an automatic ignition device, a sprinkler device, an emergency lighting and broadcasting device, an air supply and smoke exhaust device, a drainage grate, a drainage pipe of sufficient diameter, a drainage outlet, a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a combustible gas detector, a toxic gas detector, a video acquisition device, an emergency stop device, smoke and wastewater treatment facilities, and a control room.

[0023] Furthermore, the backfire module container is provided with two outward-opening training doors at one end in the length direction, a training window and an observation window with a window frame are provided in the length direction, a steel combustion bed is provided inside the container for placing combustibles, and fixed points are provided on the side walls and ceiling of the box body to install steel frames and iron chains for loading combustibles on the side walls and ceiling. The ignition method is manual ignition of Class A fire.

[0024] Furthermore, the flashover module container is provided with two outward-opening training doors at one end in the length direction, and a fixed combustion device is installed at the other end. Training windows and observation windows with window frames are provided in the length direction, and fireproof partitions and movable partition walls are provided inside. Class B fire or Class C fire is used to ignite wood to produce a real indoor Class A fire to simulate a fire environment. When necessary, a comprehensive fire scene can be formed with other module containers by providing movable partition walls and internal training doors.

[0025] Furthermore, the obstacle space module container is provided with an openable training door, an openable training window, a movable combustion tray, a narrow space facility, and an obstacle baffle. An obstacle passage is provided on one side of the container, and a narrow space is provided on the other side. It is used to travel along the set route according to training requirements to complete the narrow space passing technology in a dark environment, the narrow space demolition technology, and the air respirator technology training subjects.

[0026] Furthermore, the dead-roof structure module container simulates the dead-roof structure of the building, is used to carry out dead-roof structure demolition technology training, and conducts ventilation and smoke exhaust technology training by demolition openings at different positions. It is set on the top floor of the second floor and above, and is built by the ceiling of the lower module container and the slope roof of this floor. It is equipped with a movable combustion plate, a fixed combustion area, and an openable training window; two different types of demolition openings are set on the ceiling of the lower module container, and three demolition openings are set along the ridge of the slope roof. .

[0027] Furthermore, the control room module container is connected to other module containers to ensure fire and smoke prevention requirements. A control cabinet, monitoring screen, and control system are arranged inside the control room to display and record detector information of temperature, flame, smoke, and combustible gas concentration, and various image information, and to control the water sprinkler, emergency lighting, and air supply and smoke exhaust facilities in the training facility, and to issue instructions in time in an emergency to realize a one-button stop function.

[0028] Furthermore, the custom module container is set up as a 40-foot or 20-foot standard container, the quantity of which is determined according to training needs, and the relevant hardware facilities and subjects are determined according to the training objectives; it serves as a connecting module between two module containers to further simulate the spread of fire and smoke flow.

[0029] Furthermore, the residential building fire module container is used to simulate residential building fires including high-rise residential buildings and self-built residential buildings, and the residential buildings include bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, corridors, and stairwells; a fixed combustion area is set in the middle of the living and dining room, and a mobile combustion plate is set in the kitchen area or the bedroom area to simulate kitchen fire and bed fire respectively, and openable training windows, openable training doors, demolition doors, and internal stairs are set to carry out different technical and tactical subjects;

[0030] The residential building fire module container is also used to carry out training subjects such as the use of firefighting infrared thermal imagers, personal protection techniques, internal attack and marching, water hose management and water gun jetting by setting up fire-fighting and rescue training scenes; and to carry out special technical or tactical training subjects by setting up relevant facilities.

[0031] Furthermore, the corridor-type building fire module container is used to simulate typical corridor-type building fires such as student dormitories, unit office buildings, and hotels. Fixed combustion areas and movable combustion trays are set in different rooms or locations according to training requirements, and openable training windows, openable training doors, movable partition walls, and internal stairs are set to carry out different technical and tactical subjects;

[0032] The corridor-type building fire module container is also used to carry out training subjects such as the use of fire-fighting infrared thermal imagers, personal protection techniques, internal attack and marching, water hose management and water gun jetting by setting up fire-fighting and rescue training scenes; and to carry out special technical or tactical training subjects by setting up relevant facilities.

[0033] Through the above scheme, through the modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training, in view of the lack of standard specifications, single function, less overall design and other problems in the design process of CFBT containers, starting from the actual needs of the team, common training content and fire data analysis, with structural modularization and functional modularization as the design ideas, relevant standards and technical specifications are proposed for the overall facilities and supporting facilities of the container, and various functional modules are designed based on actual needs. Finally, a set of CFBT container design scheme is given. This scheme has clear design ideas, replicable design, unified design content standards, and complete, flexible and extensible design functions. It can provide a reference for the construction of design standards for such training facilities, and play a positive role in improving the team's training level and the scientific development of the industry.

[0034] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the modular container system design for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is the main training content and classification of CFBT in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a plan view of a Class A fire flashback module container in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is a plan view of a flashover module container in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a plan view of a modular container for a residential building fire in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a plan view of a corridor-type building fire module container in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 is a plan view of an obstacle space module container in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a plan view of a modular container with a blocked roof structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig. 9 is a plan view of the first floor in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.10 It is a plan view of the second floor in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.11 It is a three-layer plane in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0047] This patent summarizes and analyzes the training container bidding materials of teams at different levels, some fire data analysis results, and common CFBT training content, and provides a complete CFBT container design solution based on structural modularization and functional modularization. The content structure of this patent is as follows: Figure 1 As shown:

[0048] Table 1 Overall module design content

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Table 2 Design content of supporting modules

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] 2. Modular design of CFBT container structure based on team demand analysis

[0055] In order to accurately carry out the structural demand analysis of indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training containers, this patent is based on the tender materials for real fire training facilities and indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training facilities disclosed during the period of 2018-2024, and analyzes and summarizes the container needs of teams at all levels. A total of 34 tender materials were analyzed, including 3 at the team level, 23 at the detachment level, and 8 at the brigade level. After analysis and summary, the CFBT container structure design is divided into two parts, the overall module and the supporting module, according to the idea of ​​"from the whole to the part, from the outside to the inside", and each module is analyzed according to the corresponding logic from the structural function requirements to the design content. The specific contents are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, among which D 1i , F 1i Respectively represent the structural functional requirements and corresponding design contents of the i-th module of the whole module. Similarly, D 2i , F 2i They respectively represent the i-th structural and functional requirements and corresponding design contents of the supporting modules.

[0056] 3. CFBT container functional modular design based on training content

[0057] Based on the above container structure modular design content, common CFBT training content is summarized, such as Figure 2 As shown, the basic module container based on the training content is obtained, including the backfire module container, the flashover module container, the obstacle space module container, the suffocating structure module container, etc. In addition, according to the analysis results of some fire data, for example: in 2022, compared with 2021, the number of high-rise building fires increased by 276%, the number of deaths increased by 44.4%, and the number of injuries increased by 53.7%. Compared with 2021, the number of fires in small business premises increased by 15.4%, the number of deaths increased by 13.8%, and the number of injuries increased by 31.6%; from January to October 2023, 244,000 fires occurred in various types of residences, causing 979 deaths and 1,244 injuries, accounting for 32.8%, 70.9% and 60.3% of the total respectively; from January to May 2024, the number of deaths in residences increased by 25.4% compared with the same period in 2023, and the number of fires in public gathering places such as hotels and restaurants increased by 40.5% compared with the same period in 2023. It can be concluded that the proportion of building fires is large, residential fires including high-rise buildings and self-built houses have increased significantly, and fires in small business premises and public gathering places are more harmful. In order to simulate the above scenarios and fire types, scenario module containers based on training content are proposed, including residential building fire module containers and corridor building fire module containers.

[0058] 3.1 Class A fire backdraft modular container, flashover modular container

[0059] Class A fire flashback module containers should be set up separately to ensure that they are connected to other module containers. This module is modified from a single 20-foot standard container. Two training doors that open outwards are set at one end of the container in the length direction, and training windows and observation windows with window frames are set in the length direction. A steel combustion bed is set inside the container to place combustibles. Fixed points are set on the side walls and ceiling of the box for installing steel frames and iron chains for loading combustibles on the side walls and ceiling. The ignition method is mainly manual ignition of Class A fire. The floor plan of this module container is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, its function is to simulate the extreme fire phenomenon of backdraft.

[0060] The flashover module container is modified from a set of 40-foot standard size containers. Two training doors that open outward are set at one end of the length direction of the container, and a fixed combustion device is installed at the other end. Training windows and observation windows with window frames are set in the length direction. Fireproof partitions and movable partitions are set inside. Class B or C fire is used to ignite wood to produce a real indoor Class A fire to simulate the fire environment. The floor plan of this module container is as follows Figure 4 As shown, it is mainly used to realize the observation of fire phenomena, such as rolling, flashing, and smoke layer changes. When necessary, it can be combined with other training containers to form a comprehensive fire scene by setting movable partitions and internal training doors.

[0061] 3.2 Modular containers for residential building fires

[0062] This module is used to simulate fires in residential buildings, including high-rise residential buildings and self-built residential buildings. The residential buildings include bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, corridors, stairwells and other parts. The module has a total of 3 sets of 40-foot standard containers, a fixed combustion area is set in the middle of the living and dining room, and a mobile combustion plate is set in the kitchen area or bedroom area to simulate kitchen fire and bed fire respectively. Openable training windows, openable training doors, demolition doors, and internal stairs are set to carry out different technical and tactical subjects. The floor plan of this module container is as follows Figure 5 shown.

[0063] By setting up fire-fighting and rescue training scenes, this module can carry out training subjects such as the use of fire-fighting infrared thermal imagers, personal protection techniques, internal attack marching, hose management and water gun jets; in addition, according to Figure 5 The module settings and facility switches shown can also be used to carry out special technical or tactical training subjects. The specific contents are shown in Table 4.

[0064] Table 4 Subjects and setting conditions for technical and tactical training in residential building fire module containers

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] 3.3 Corridor-type building fire module container

[0068] This module simulates typical corridor-style building fires such as student dormitories, office buildings, and hotels. A total of three sets of 40-foot standard containers are set up. Fixed combustion areas and mobile combustion trays are set up in different rooms or locations according to training needs. Openable training windows, openable training doors, movable partition walls, and internal stairs are set up to carry out different technical and tactical subjects. The floor plan of the module container is as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0069] By setting up fire-fighting and rescue training scenes, this module can also carry out training subjects such as the use of fire-fighting infrared thermal imagers, personal protection techniques, internal attack marching, hose management and water gun jets; in addition, according to Figure 6 The module settings and facility switches shown can carry out special technical or tactical training subjects. The specific contents are shown in Table 5.

[0070] Table 5 Technical and tactical training subjects and setting conditions for corridor-type building fire module containers

[0071]

[0072] 3.4 Obstacle Space Module Container

[0073] The module is mainly equipped with 2 sets of 40-foot standard containers. In addition to the openable training door, openable training window, and movable combustion tray, it can also be equipped with narrow space facilities and obstacle baffles. The floor plan of the module container is as follows: Figure 7 shown.

[0074] One side of the module is used to set up an obstacle channel, and the other side is used to set up a narrow space. According to training needs, you can move along the 1# or 2# line to complete training subjects such as narrow space passing technology in dark environments, narrow space demolition technology, and air respirator technology.

[0075] 3.5 Blocked roof structure modular container

[0076] This module is used to simulate the roof structure of a building. This module is set on the top floor of the second floor and above. The roof structure is built by the ceiling of the lower module and the slope roof of this floor. It is equipped with a mobile combustion plate, a fixed combustion area, and an openable training window. Two different types of demolition openings are set on the ceiling of the lower module, and three demolition openings are set along the ridge of the slope roof, such as Figure 8 This module is mainly used to carry out technical training on the demolition of the roof structure, and to carry out technical training on ventilation and smoke exhaust by demolishing the demolition openings at different locations.

[0077] 3.6 Control room module container

[0078] The control room module is connected to other modules to ensure fire and smoke prevention requirements. The control cabinet, monitoring screen, control system and other facilities are set up inside, which can display and record detector information such as temperature, flame, smoke, and combustible gas concentration, various image information, and can control the water sprinkler, emergency lighting, air supply and smoke exhaust and other fire-fighting facilities in the training facility, and issue instructions in time in an emergency to achieve a one-button stop function.

[0079] 3.7 Custom module container

[0080] The custom training module sets up a 40-foot or 20-foot standard container. The quantity is determined according to the training needs. The relevant hardware facilities and subjects are determined according to the training objectives. At the same time, this module can also be used as a connecting module between two modules to further simulate the spread of fire and smoke flow.

[0081] 4CFBT container design

[0082] According to the design ideas of structural modularization and functional modularization, a set of CFBT container design schemes is comprehensively given to complete the "hardware + software" design. Considering the area and floor requirements of each module, this design scheme has 3 layers, including flashover module container, residential building fire module container, corridor building fire module container, obstacle space module container, dead-end structure module container, control room module container and custom module container; in addition, the backfire module container is set separately.

[0083] like Fig. 9 As shown, the first-floor container consists of three parts. The first part is a residential building fire module container; the second part is composed of a flashover module container and a custom module container to achieve a comprehensive fire environment; the third part is a control room module container, and a passage space and a training door are reserved to connect the first two parts. The reserved passage can be used as an attack passage or a smoke spread path. Sufficient space is reserved outside the container, and an external staircase is set up for climbing to the second-floor external platform.

[0084] like Fig.10 As shown, the second-floor container consists of three parts. The first part is a corridor-type building fire module container; the second part is an obstacle space module container; the third part is a custom module container, which connects the first two parts. In addition to the custom function, it can also be used as a training buffer area. An external platform is set outside the container, and the external stairs are connected to the outside of the first-floor container and the outside of the third-floor container.

[0085] like Fig.11As shown, the three-layer container is mainly composed of a dead-top structure module, which is arranged on the upper part of the obstacle space module on the second floor, and an external platform and an external staircase are arranged on the outside.

[0086] According to the design ideas and contents of this patent, compared with the traditional design ideas and designs, the characteristics of the CFBT container design scheme of this patent are shown in Table 6.

[0087] Table 6 Features of the patented CFBT container design

[0088]

[0089] In the design process of CFBT containers, there are problems such as lack of standard specifications, single functions, and less overall design. This patent starts from the actual needs of the team, common training content and fire data analysis, takes structural modularization and functional modularization as the design ideas, and proposes relevant standards and technical specifications for the overall facilities and supporting facilities of the container, and designs various functional modules based on actual needs. Finally, a set of CFBT container design solutions is given. This solution has clear design ideas, replicability, unified design content standards, and completeness, flexibility, and scalability of design functions. It is hoped that it can provide a reference for the construction of design standards for such training facilities, and play a positive role in improving the team's training level and the scientific development of the industry.

[0090] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training, characterized in that: It includes a three-layer container structure constructed by modular structural units and modular functional units, including a first-layer container, a second-layer container and a third-layer container; The modular structural unit includes an integral module and a supporting module; The modular functional unit is designed based on the modular structural unit and the training content, and includes a basic module container and a scenario module container; The basic module container includes a backfire module container, a flashover module container, an obstacle space module container, a dead roof structure module container, a control room module container, and a custom module container; The scene module containers include residential building fire module containers and corridor building fire module containers; The first-floor container includes a first-floor structure, a second-floor structure, and a third-floor structure; the first-floor structure is a residential building fire module container; the second-floor structure is composed of the flashover module container and the custom module container, and is used to achieve a comprehensive fire environment; the third-floor structure is a control room module container, and a passage space and a training door are reserved to connect the first-floor structure and the second-floor structure, and the reserved passage is used as an attack passage or a smoke spread path; sufficient space is reserved outside the first-floor container, and an external staircase is set up for climbing to the external platform of the second-floor container; The two-layer container includes a first structure part on the second layer, a second structure part on the second layer and a third structure part on the second layer; the first structure part on the second layer is a corridor-type building fire module container; The second structure part of the second floor is an obstacle space module container; the third structure part of the second floor is a custom module container, which is used to connect the first structure part of the second floor and the second structure part of the second floor. In addition to the custom function, the custom module container also serves as a training buffer area; an external platform is set outside the second floor container, and the external stairs are connected to the outside of the first floor container and the outside of the third floor container; The three-layer container is composed of a dead-top structure module container, which is arranged on the upper part of the obstacle space module container of the second-layer container, and an external platform and an external staircase are arranged on the outside; The flashback module container is separately provided and is not connected to other module containers, so as to simulate the flashback fire phenomenon.

2. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall module is constructed using standard containers of 20 feet and 40 feet in size. Fire-resistant fireproof panels are installed on the container ceiling and side walls, and fire-resistant bricks are laid on the floor. Internal and external stairs, internal and external doors and windows, external platforms, demolition openings, observation windows, movable partitions, fireproof partitions, combustion beds, and fire stoves are installed. The demolition materials and fire-resistant fireproof panels are designed to be replaceable, and positions are reserved for subsequent upgrades. The supporting modules include a fixed ignition and combustion device, a mobile combustion plate, an automatic ignition device, a sprinkler device, an emergency lighting and broadcasting device, an air supply and smoke exhaust device, a drainage grate, a drainage pipe of sufficient diameter, a drainage outlet, a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a combustible gas detector, a toxic gas detector, a video acquisition device, an emergency stop device, smoke and wastewater treatment facilities, and a control room.

3. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 2, characterized in that: The backfire module container is provided with two outward-opening training doors at one end in the length direction, a training window and an observation window with a window frame are provided in the length direction, a steel combustion bed is provided inside the container to place combustibles, and fixed points are provided on the side walls and ceiling of the box to install steel frames and iron chains for loading combustibles on the side walls and ceiling. The ignition method is manual ignition of Class A fire.

4. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flashover module container is provided with two outward-opening training doors at one end in the length direction, and a fixed combustion device is installed at the other end. Training windows and observation windows with window frames are provided in the length direction, and fireproof partitions and movable partition walls are provided inside. Class B fire or Class C fire is used to ignite wood to produce a real indoor Class A fire to simulate a fire environment. When necessary, a comprehensive fire scene can be formed with other module containers by setting movable partition walls and internal training doors.

5. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 4, characterized in that: The obstacle space module container is provided with an openable training door, an openable training window, a movable burning plate, narrow space facilities, and an obstacle baffle. An obstacle passage is provided on one side of the container, and a narrow space is provided on the other side. It is used to travel along a set route according to training requirements to complete the narrow space passing technology in a dark environment, the narrow space demolition technology, and the air respirator technology training subjects.

6. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dead roof structure module container simulates the dead roof structure of the building, is used to carry out dead roof structure demolition technology training, and conducts ventilation and smoke exhaust technology training by demolition openings at different positions. It is set on the top floor of the second floor and above, and is built by the ceiling of the lower module container and the slope roof of this floor. It is equipped with a mobile combustion plate, a fixed combustion area, and an openable training window; two different types of demolition openings are set on the ceiling of the lower module container, and three demolition openings are set along the ridge of the slope roof. .

7. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control room module container is connected to other module containers to ensure fire and smoke prevention requirements. A control cabinet, monitoring screen, and control system are installed inside the control room to display and record detector information of temperature, flame, smoke, and combustible gas concentration, and various image information, and to control the water sprinkler, emergency lighting, and air supply and smoke exhaust facilities in the training facility. In an emergency, instructions can be issued in time to realize a one-button stop function.

8. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 7, characterized in that: The custom module container is set as a 40-foot or 20-foot standard container, the quantity of which is determined according to training needs, and the relevant hardware facilities and subjects are determined according to the training objectives; it serves as a connecting module between two module containers to further simulate the spread of fire and smoke flow.

9. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 8, characterized in that: The residential building fire module container is used to simulate residential building fires including high-rise residential buildings and self-built residential buildings. The residential buildings include bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, corridors, and stairwells. A fixed combustion area is set in the middle of the living and dining room, and a mobile combustion plate is set in the kitchen area or the bedroom area to simulate kitchen fire and bed fire respectively. Openable training windows, openable training doors, demolition doors, and internal stairs are set for carrying out different technical and tactical subjects. The residential building fire module container is also used to carry out training subjects such as the use of firefighting infrared thermal imagers, personal protection techniques, internal attack and marching, water hose management and water gun jetting by setting up fire-fighting and rescue training scenes; and to carry out special technical or tactical training subjects by setting up relevant facilities.

10. The modular container system for indoor pyrotechnic characteristics training according to claim 9, characterized in that: The corridor-type building fire module container is used to simulate typical corridor-type building fires such as student dormitories, office buildings, and hotels. Fixed burning areas and mobile burning trays are set in different rooms or locations according to training requirements. Openable training windows, openable training doors, movable partition walls, and internal stairs are set to carry out different technical and tactical subjects. The corridor-type building fire module container is also used to carry out training subjects such as the use of fire-fighting infrared thermal imagers, personal protection techniques, internal attack and marching, water hose management and water gun jetting by setting up fire-fighting and rescue training scenes; and to carry out special technical or tactical training subjects by setting up relevant facilities.

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