Method for updating and transforming wind prevention and sand fixation forest in high and cold sand area

Abstract

The invention relates to a renewal and transformation method for a wind prevention and sand fixation forest in a high and cold sand area, in particular to a renewal and transformation method for a wind prevention and sand fixation forest. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, sequentially numbering salix mongolica perpendicular to a sand wind direction in a transformation area from near to far from a sand wind front by taking rows as units; 2, retaining the salix psammophila in odd-numbered rows, stumping the salix psammophila in even-numbered rows, and sowing artemisia seeds between the retained salix psammophila rows n and stumped salix psammophila rows n + 1 to form a transformation zone; and 3, forming a mode that the salix psammophila mature forest, the salix psammophila stumping forest and the artemisia desertorum are distributed alternately in the protection system when the stumping salix psammophila and the artemisia desertorum in even rows grow stably. According to the method, an original mature salix psammophila forest is transformed and utilized through a method of combining stumping and planting, that is, inter-line stumping is conducted on an original salix psammophila forest belt at the front edge of wind and sand, and artemisia desertorum seeds are sown in stumping lines and non-stumping lines of the forest belt respectively. And after the salix psammophila and the planted artemisia desertorum have a protection effect after stumping, stumping the reserved salix psammophila, and updating by using the same method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a renewal and transformation method for a windbreak and sand-fixing forest. Background Art

[0002] The windbreak and sand-fixing forest system in the high-cold sandy area is a protective barrier in the high-cold area and an important guarantee for production and life in the high-cold sandy area. The selection of plant species is the key in the construction of the windbreak and sand-fixing forest system in the high-cold sandy area. Selecting windbreak and sand-fixing plants with strong adaptability is the basic prerequisite for the protection benefits of the ecological protection system in the high-cold sandy area. Salix psammophila is an excellent windbreak and sand-fixing plant. It plays an important role in preventing wind and sand.

[0003] However, as the growth years of Salix psammophila increase, it will gradually decline and die. How to renovate and rationally utilize the declining Salix psammophila forest is the key to ensuring that the Salix psammophila forest protection system can play its protective function normally. Therefore, it is very important to explore and establish a renovation method that can be widely used (especially for the construction of ecological protection system in high-cold sandy areas).

[0004] There are many windbreak and sand-fixing forests built in the 1990s in the Shazhuyu area of ​​the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai. Salix psammophila is an important species in the local ecological protection system and plays an important role in the construction of the ecological protection system and windbreak and sand fixation. Salix psammophila is a shrub or small tree. At present, the plant spacing of Salix psammophila is 1.0m×1.5m and the average plant height is 2.78m. Salix psammophila has strong resistance to adversity, is relatively drought-resistant, and likes water and humidity; it is resistant to wind and sand, salt and alkali, severe cold and heat. It is one of the first choices for the "Three North Shelterbelts" and an important ecological barrier to improve the ecology and environment and protect agricultural and animal husbandry production. However, due to the old age of the trees and other reasons, Salix psammophila in the Shazhuyu area of ​​the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai is currently experiencing growth decline and death. Therefore, the renewal and transformation of Salix psammophila can not only provide a certain amount of timber for the local area, but also provide technical methods for the construction of an optimized model for the windbreak and sand-fixing forest system in high-cold sandy areas. This technical achievement will provide a technical approach for the renewal and transformation of ecological protection species in the Shazhuyu area of ​​the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai or other areas with similar conditions. Therefore, it has important application value.

[0005] In addition, the Shazhuyu area of ​​the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai belongs to the high-cold sand area in the transition zone between arid desert steppe and semi-arid steppe. Its characteristics are: the average annual temperature is 2.8℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 33.7℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is -33.5℃. The average annual relative humidity is 51.75%, the average annual precipitation is 350.1mm, and the rainfall events are mainly concentrated in July to September, of which night rain accounts for 67%. The wind direction is mainly northwest wind, with an average annual wind speed of 2.7m / s, a maximum wind speed of 40m / s, and an average annual sandstorm of 20.7 days. The wind and sand activities are intense, and sandstorms are frequent, mainly concentrated in the winter and spring seasons of each year. Under such extreme environmental conditions, it is very important to create an ecological protection system with a reasonable species configuration and appropriate forest belt structure. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention provides a method for renewing and transforming a windbreak and sand-fixing forest in a high-cold sandy area.

[0007] The method for renovating and transforming the windbreak and sand-fixing forest in high-cold sandy areas of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:

[0008] 1. The tamarisk trees in the transformation area that are perpendicular to the direction of the sandstorm are numbered in rows from near to far from the front of the sandstorm;

[0009] 2. Keep the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and prune the even-numbered rows of Salix psammophila, and sow Artemisia ordosica seeds between the preserved Salix psammophila row n and the pruning Salix psammophila row n+1 to form a transformation belt;

[0010] 3. After the even-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and Artemisia ordosica grow stably and can play a protective role, the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila are pruned, and Artemisia ordosica seeds are sown between the odd-numbered Salix psammophila row m and the previous Salix psammophila row m-1 to form a new transformation zone;

[0011] This forms a pattern of interactive distribution of mature Salix tamarisk forests, Salix tamarisk forests and Artemisia ordosica within the protection system, thus realizing the renewal and transformation of windbreak and sand-fixing forests in high-altitude sandy areas.

[0012] Furthermore, n and m in step 2 and step 3 are positive integers respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, after the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and Artemisia ordosica to be pruned in step three have grown stably and have exerted their protective benefits, repeat steps two and three.

[0014] The protective benefit in step three of the present invention refers to the growth height of the Salix psammophila after pruning reaching 25-30 cm and the crown width reaching more than 30 cm.

[0015] The present invention transforms and utilizes the declining Salix psammophila forest based on the growth characteristics of Salix psammophila. That is, the method proposes plant configuration in the renewal and transformation of windbreak and sand-fixing forests in high-altitude sandy areas based on the biological and ecological characteristics of different plants; and realizes the sustainable management of the renewal and transformation of protective forests in high-altitude sandy areas based on the water utilization characteristics of different plants.

[0016] The present invention transforms and utilizes the original mature Salix psammophila forest through a method combining stubble and planting. That is, the original Salix psammophila forest belt is stubbed between rows at the front of the wind and sand (retain a row of Salix psammophila and stub a row of Salix psammophila; retain another row of Salix psammophila and stub another row of Salix psammophila, and so on), and Artemisia ordosica seeds are sown in the stubbled rows and unstubbled rows of the forest belt respectively. The retained Salix psammophila is used to carry out early protection of the tillering branches and Artemisia ordosica seedlings grown after stubble, so as to protect the survival and growth of the tillering branches and Artemisia ordosica seedlings grown after stubble. After the Salix psammophila and the planted Artemisia ordosica have a certain protective effect after stubble, the retained Salix psammophila is stubbed again, and the same method is used for renewal. Thereby, the healthy growth, protective function and virtuous cycle of providing timber of the windbreak and sand-fixing forest belt in the high-cold sandy area are realized.

[0017] The invention is based on the transformation and utilization of the existing Salix psammophila windbreak and sand fixation forest system, which is an active exploration of methods for creating a manageable ecological system. The renovation of Salix psammophila in the invention can not only provide a certain amount of timber for the local area, but also provide a technical method for constructing an optimized model for the windbreak and sand fixation forest system in high-cold sandy areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of stubble.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the two-year renovation;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of windproof effects;

[0021] Figure 4 This is the horizontal wind speed result diagram after cropping. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0024] Specific implementation method 1: The renovation method of the windbreak and sand-fixing forest in the high-cold sandy area of ​​this implementation method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0025] 1. The tamarisk trees in the transformation area that are perpendicular to the direction of the sandstorm are numbered in rows from near to far from the front of the sandstorm;

[0026] 2. Keep the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and prune the even-numbered rows of Salix psammophila, and sow Artemisia ordosica seeds between the preserved Salix psammophila row n and the pruning Salix psammophila row n+1 to form a transformation belt;

[0027] 3. After the even-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and Artemisia ordosica grow stably and can play a protective role, the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila are pruned, and Artemisia ordosica seeds are sown between the odd-numbered Salix psammophila row m and the previous Salix psammophila row m-1 to form a new transformation zone;

[0028] This forms a pattern of interactive distribution of mature Salix tamarisk forests, Salix tamarisk forests and Artemisia ordosica within the protection system, thus realizing the renewal and transformation of windbreak and sand-fixing forests in high-altitude sandy areas.

[0029] Specific implementation method 2: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that n and m in step 2 and step 3 are respectively positive integers. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation method 1.

[0030] Specific implementation method three: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method one in that the step three gradually exerts the protection benefit means that the height of the Salix psammophila after pruning reaches 25-30cm, and the crown width reaches more than 30cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of specific implementation method one.

[0031] Specific implementation method 4: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that in step 4, after the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and Artemisia ordosica to be pruned grow stably and exert their protective benefits, steps 2 and 3 are repeated. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation method 1.

[0032] Example 1 In 2002, in the Shazhuyu area of ​​the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai, the method of the present invention was used to renovate the windbreak and sand-fixing forest in the high-cold sandy area. The method is:

[0033] 1. The tamarisk trees in the transformation area that are perpendicular to the direction of the sandstorm are numbered in rows from near to far from the front of the sandstorm;

[0034] 2. Keep the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and prune the even-numbered rows of Salix psammophila, and sow Artemisia ordosica seeds between the preserved Salix psammophila row n and the pruning Salix psammophila row n+1 to form a transformation belt;

[0035] 3. When the even-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and Artemisia ordosica grow stably, and the Salix psammophila grows to a height of 25-30cm and a crown width of more than 30cm after pruning, and can play a protective role, the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila are pruned, and Artemisia ordosica seeds are sown between the odd-numbered Salix psammophila row m and the previous Salix psammophila row m-1 to form a new transformation zone;

[0036] This forms a pattern of interactive distribution of mature Salix tamarisk forests, Salix tamarisk forests and Artemisia ordosica within the protection system, thus realizing the renewal and transformation of windbreak and sand-fixing forests in high-altitude sandy areas.

[0037] The specific method is:

[0038] 1. There are 25 rows of Salix psammophila in the wind and sand front in the area to be renovated, that is, a row of Salix psammophila forest belt is retained in the original protective forest belt at the wind and sand front to form the first belt of renovation;

[0039] Second, after the first belt, the original Salix psammophila was slashed and planted, and Artemisia ordosica seeds were sown to form a second belt of renewal and reconstruction;

[0040] 3. Keep another row of Salix psammophila after the second zone to form the third zone of renewal and reconstruction;

[0041] Fourth, after the third zone, the original Salix psammophila is stubbed and planted, and Artemisia ordosica seeds are sown to form a fourth zone of renewal and reconstruction, and so on;

[0042] 5. After the growth of the pruning Salix tamarisk forests and Artemisia siler has stabilized and their protective benefits have gradually been exerted, the retained Salix tamarisk forest belts and Artemisia siler will be pruned again, thus forming a pattern of alternating distribution of mature Salix tamarisk forests, pruning Salix tamarisk forests and Artemisia siler within the protection system; thus realizing the renewal and transformation of windbreak and sand-fixing forests in high-altitude sandy areas.

[0043] The schematic diagram of the transformation method described in this embodiment in the sand-pearl area of ​​the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai Province in the high-cold sandy area is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the schematic diagram of two years of transformation (two years of flat cutting) is as follows Figure 2 As shown, from Figure 2 It can be seen that the transformation effect is very good.

[0044] The windbreak benefits of the existing uncut sand forest and the cut sand willow forest of this embodiment are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 For the comparison chart of wind protection benefits, Figure 3 CK in the figure is the windproof performance in the wilderness. Figure 3 It can be seen that the wind-proof efficiency of the uncut and stubbled Salix psammophila forests both show a decreasing trend with the increase of height, and the wind-proof efficiency of the stubbled forest at different heights are 94.68%, 92.54%, 88.69%, 70.58%, 58.36% and 25.10%, respectively, which are all higher than the wind speed of the uncut Salix psammophila forest and the open field. The method of the present invention has a good wind-proof effect. Figure 4 This is the horizontal wind speed result diagram after stubble in this embodiment, from Figure 4 It can be seen that the relative wind speed of Salix psammophila in the forest belt and at the same height after pruning for two years is lower than that in the open field, and with the increase of the distance behind the forest belt, it first decreases and then increases, and gradually approaches the wind speed in the open field after 10 hours in the forest belt. Figure 4 a) 100cm( Figure 4 b) At the height of the forest belt, the relative wind speed of the stubbled Salix psammophila forest was lower than that of the unstubbled forest. Behind the forest belt, the relative wind speed of the unstubbled Salix psammophila forest and the stubbled Salix psammophila forest reached the lowest value at 1 hour behind the forest belt, which was 0.20 ( Figure 4 a), 0.16( Figure 4 a). is 0.33( Figure 4 b) and 0.28( Figure 4 b).

[0045] On the one hand, the transformation method of the present invention effectively protects the stubble forest through mature forests to ensure that it can grow normally in a harsh environment and gradually exert a stable protection benefit; on the other hand, a certain amount of biomass can be harvested by stubble of mature forest belts to meet a certain degree of local timber demand. On this basis, the renewal and transformation of windbreak and sand-fixing forests in high-altitude sandy areas is gradually realized. The present invention has been applied in the Shazhuyu area of ​​the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai, a high-altitude sandy area, and it is planned to promote and apply the technology to other areas with similar conditions.

Claims

1. A method for renovating and transforming windbreak and sand-fixing forests in high-cold sandy areas, characterized in that The renewal and transformation method of windbreak and sand-fixing forest in high-cold sandy areas is carried out according to the following steps:

1. The tamarisk trees in the transformation area that are perpendicular to the direction of the sandstorm are numbered in rows from near to far from the front of the sandstorm; 2. Keep the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and prune the even-numbered rows of Salix psammophila, and sow Artemisia ordosica seeds between the preserved Salix psammophila row n and the pruning Salix psammophila row n+1 to form a transformation belt; 3. After the even-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and Artemisia ordosica grow stably and can play a protective role, the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila are pruned, and Artemisia ordosica seeds are sown between the odd-numbered Salix psammophila row m and the previous Salix psammophila row m-1 to form a new transformation zone; This forms a pattern of interactive distribution of mature Salix tamarisk forests, Salix tamarisk forests and Artemisia ordosica within the protection system, thus realizing the renewal and transformation of windbreak and sand-fixing forests in high-altitude sandy areas.

2. The method for renovating and transforming a windbreak and sand-fixing forest in a high-cold sandy area according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 2 and step 3, n and m are positive integers respectively.

3. The method for renovating and transforming a windbreak and sand-fixing forest in a high-cold sandy area according to claim 1, characterized in that The protective benefit in step three means that the growth height of the tamarisk after pruning reaches 25-30cm, and the crown width reaches more than 30cm.

4. The method for renewing and reconstructing the windbreak and sand-fixing forest in high-cold sandy areas according to claim 1, characterized in that Repeat steps two and three after the odd-numbered rows of Salix psammophila and Artemisia ordosica to be pruned in step three have grown stably and have exerted their protective benefits.

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