Breeding method of high-quality hybrid black water phoenix-tailed chicken

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid chicken breeding, and provides a breeding method of high-quality hybrid black-water phoenix-tailed chickens, which comprises the following steps: S1, hybridizing by taking Dazheng broilers as male parents and black-water phoenix-tailed chickens as female parents to obtain offspring, and hatching to obtain F1-generation hybrid chickens; s2, performing mating breeding on the F1-generation hybrid chickens for 2-5 times to obtain F2-generation hybrid chickens; s3, the male of the F2-generation hybrid chicken is selected as a male parent, then a black water phoenix-tailed chicken is adopted as a female parent, backcross is conducted, offspring is obtained and hatched, and F3-generation hybrid chicken is obtained; s4, the F3-generation hybrid chickens are subjected to mating breeding for 3-5 generations, and high-quality hybrid black water phoenix-tailed chickens are obtained; wherein female and male hybrid chickens of the generation F1 are fed respectively, mating breeding is performed after seed selection, and offspring is obtained and hatched to obtain hybrid chickens of the generation F2; the hybrid black water phoenix-tailed chicken bred by the method has the characteristics of large size and high growth speed of Dazheng broiler chicken, good laying rate of the black water phoenix-tailed chicken and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid chicken breeding, and in particular relates to a breeding method for high-quality hybrid black water chickens. Background Art

[0002] Blackwater chicken, a unique poultry breed originating from the Northwest Sichuan Plateau in China, is known for its unique body shape and relatively slow growth rate. This breed of chicken is mainly distributed in the high mountain valleys of Heishui County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Due to the particularity of its growth environment, it has formed unique genetic and biological characteristics. Blackwater chickens are medium-sized, compact, and have solid bones. Roosters are relatively large, with broad chests and well-developed muscles, showing a majestic body. Hens are relatively petite, well-proportioned, and have good egg-laying performance.

[0003] However, compared with other fast-growing large broiler breeds, the growth rate of Black Water Chicken is relatively slow; this is mainly attributed to its unique genetic background and growth environment. Under natural conditions, Black Water Chicken takes a longer time to reach the ideal market weight; its slower growth rate has affected its market competitiveness to a certain extent.

[0004] In the prior art, in order to improve the body shape, growth rate, etc. of chickens, other types of chickens are usually used for hybridization. However, in order to ensure that hybrid chickens with stable and excellent characteristics can be obtained after hybridization, the hybrid chickens after hybridization are usually bred for multiple generations, such as the patent with publication number CN105557629A, which discloses a method for hybridizing white black chickens with native chickens; however, only the method of continuous breeding of the same generation is adopted, and the excellent characteristics of the hybrid chickens are not sustained well. Some target characteristics even fade or even disappear during the breeding period, resulting in unsatisfactory hybridization effects and increased costs.

[0005] Therefore, based on the above description, there is an urgent need for a stable, high-quality, hybrid black water chicken breeding method. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a breeding method for high-quality hybrid black water chickens.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A breeding method for high-quality hybrid black water chickens comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1 uses Daheng broiler chicken as male parent and Heishui Fengwei chicken as female parent, and crosses them to obtain offspring for hatching to obtain F1 generation hybrid chickens;

[0010] S2 conducts 2-5 matings on the F1 generation hybrid chickens to obtain F2 generation hybrid chickens;

[0011] S3 selects male F2 hybrid chickens as the male parent, then uses black water phoenix chickens as the female parent, performs backcrossing, obtains offspring for hatching, and obtains F3 hybrid chickens;

[0012] S4 mates and breeds F3 hybrid chickens for 3-5 generations to obtain high-quality hybrid black water phoenix tail chickens;

[0013] Among them, female and male F1 generation hybrid chickens are raised separately, and then mated and bred after selection, and the offspring are hatched to obtain F2 generation hybrid chickens.

[0014] The technical mechanism and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] By using Daheng broiler chickens as the male parent and Black Water Phoenix Tail chickens as the female parent for hybridization, F1 hybrid chickens with large size and faster growth rate can be obtained; further, in order to consolidate the excellent characteristics of hybrid chickens such as large size and growth rate, the F1 hybrid chickens are first raised separately for females and males, and then mated and bred after selection. Among them, by raising and selecting separately, the excellent characteristics of the F1 hybrid chickens can be reduced while the breeding generations can be reduced; in order to further consolidate the excellent characteristics, Black Water Phoenix Tail chickens are used as the female parent for backcrossing to ensure the original excellent characteristics of Black Water Phoenix Tail chickens such as high egg production rate; among them, by first selecting the males of the F generation hybrid chickens and then hybridizing them with the Black Water Phoenix Tail chicken female parent, the characteristics of Daheng broiler chickens with large size and fast growth rate can be further consolidated, and the fewer hybrid generations, the better the stabilization effect.

[0016] In the present invention, in step S2, after each mating and breeding of the F1 generation hybrid chickens, the offspring are first screened and then hatched, and the screening method includes:

[0017] S21 uses the light method to conduct preliminary screening of hatching eggs 3-5 days after they are laid;

[0018] S22 pre-incubates the preliminarily screened breeding eggs for 3-5 hours at a temperature of 37.8-38.5°C, a relative humidity of 65%-70%, and an average pressure of 0.5-0.8MPa, and then performs a secondary screening to obtain fertilized breeding eggs.

[0019] The screening technology mechanism and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] By using the light method to initially eliminate unfertilized eggs, and then simulating the temperature, relative humidity and other conditions in the early stage of incubation, and conducting a quality test on the eggs under uniform conditions, the eggs are tested again with an egg candling device after the test, and the eggs with biased air chambers are removed, thereby obtaining high-quality fertilized eggs with a high hatching rate.

[0021] Among them, air cell deviation is due to the influence of uneven pressure, temperature, humidity, etc. on the breeding eggs during the storage process before incubation, and tiny cracks or deformations of the eggshell will also cause the air chamber position to shift. Breeding eggs with air cell deviation, even if they have been fertilized, will affect the exchange efficiency of oxygen and carbon dioxide during the incubation process because the air chamber is the main channel for the embryo to breathe and exchange gases, thereby affecting the survival rate and hatching rate of the embryo. Therefore, before the formal incubation, by simulating the temperature and humidity conditions of the initial incubation and using appropriate equal pressure, the breeding eggs that are prone to air cell deviation and eggshell micro-cracks will be removed in advance, thereby fully improving the survival rate and hatching rate of the embryo, improving the efficiency of hybridization, and reducing the cost of hybridization.

[0022] In the present invention, in step S2 to step S4, the hatched offspring are fed with the first functional auxiliary material in combination with chicken feed within 0-1 week of age, and the weight ratio of the first functional auxiliary material to chicken feed is 1-2:8-9.

[0023] In the present invention, the first functional auxiliary material comprises the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of phosphorus supplement, 20-25 parts of calcium supplement, 5-8 parts of digestive enzyme, 2-5 parts of lysine, 2-5 parts of methionine, and 1-3 parts of vitamin D. 、 1-2 parts of vitamin A, 1-2 parts of thiamine and 1-2 parts of riboflavin.

[0024] In the present invention, in step S2 to step S4, the hatched offspring are fed with the second functional auxiliary material in combination with chicken feed within 2-4 weeks of age, and the weight ratio of the second functional auxiliary material to chicken feed is 1-2:4-7.

[0025] In the present invention, the second functional auxiliary material comprises the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of phosphorus supplement, 20-25 parts of calcium supplement, 5-8 parts of digestive enzyme, 2-3 parts of vitamin D, and 1-2 parts of vitamin A.

[0026] In the present invention, the phosphorus supplement comprises at least one of ammonium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate; the calcium supplement comprises at least one of calcium formate, calcium lactate, and calcium gluconate; and the complex enzyme preparation comprises at least one of protease, phytase, cellulase, and β-glucanase.

[0027] The technical mechanism and beneficial effects of the staged feeding in the present invention are:

[0028] In step S2, the F1 generation hybrid chickens are mated and bred 2-5 times to obtain F2 generation hybrid chickens; this breeding process is aimed at consolidating the excellent characteristics of the hybrid chickens, such as large size, fast growth, good meat quality, strong resistance and good stability; in this consolidation process, it is necessary to further supplement functional nutrients for chicks aged 0-4 weeks, so that the chicks can quickly absorb the chick feed and supplement the nutrients required for this stage, so as to achieve the ideal body shape, growth and speed, etc.

[0029] Among them, young chickens aged 0-1 week have relatively large demands for nutrients such as protein, energy, vitamins, and amino acids. In order to meet the rapid growth needs of young chickens, in addition to supplementing nutrients such as calcium and phosphorus, they also need to supplement complex enzyme preparations to improve the efficiency of young chickens in digestion and absorption of nutrients in feed. In addition, the immunity and metabolic capacity of young chickens at this stage are low. In addition to the need for injections of immune drugs, they also need to supplement specific B vitamins, namely thiamine and riboflavin, to improve the immunity and metabolic capacity of young chickens and promote the metabolic absorption of calcium, phosphorus, protein, etc.

[0030] Among them, young chickens aged 2-4 weeks have higher demands for phosphorus and calcium due to the development of their bones, muscles and organs, and therefore need to further add sufficient functional auxiliary materials to ensure the healthy development of the young chickens.

[0031] In the present invention, Daheng broiler chickens of 180-220 days old and weighing 2.5-3.0 kg are used as the male parent of F1 generation hybrid chickens; Heishui Fengwei chickens of 200-250 days old and weighing 1.8-2.0 kg are used as the female parent of F1 generation hybrid chickens and F3 generation hybrid chickens.

[0032] In the present invention, in step S2, the chest width and keel length of F1 hybrid chickens aged 200-250 days and weighing 1.8-2.5 kg are measured, and male F1 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 4-6 cm and a keel length of 13-17 cm are taken as the father of F2 hybrid chickens.

[0033] In the present invention, in step S3, the chest width and keel length of male F2 hybrid chickens aged 200-220 days and weighing 2.1-2.5 kg are measured, and male F2 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 4-6 cm and a keel length of 13-17 cm are taken as the father of F3 hybrid chickens.

[0034] The selection mechanism and beneficial effects of the present invention for the male parent and the female parent are:

[0035] By selectively selecting the best paternal and maternal breeder chickens of each generation, we can consolidate the excellent characteristics such as large size, fast growth, good meat quality, strong resistance and good stability, and we can efficiently and quickly breed high-quality hybrid Black Water Chickens.

[0036] Among them, using Daheng broiler chickens as the father can pass on the excellent characteristics of Daheng broiler chickens such as large size and fast growth rate to the hybrid offspring bred with Black Water Chickens as the mother; similarly, in the subsequent hybridization or mating process, male breeding chickens are also screened to select high-quality fathers to continue to improve and consolidate the excellent characteristics of offspring such as large size and fast growth rate.

[0037] Among them, the selection of high-quality sires, in addition to having a certain weight, also requires measurement and selection of their chest width and keel length to ensure that the offspring inherit the excellent characteristics of large size. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a breeding method for high-quality hybrid black water chickens, comprising the following steps:

[0041] 1. Hybridization and Hatching

[0042] Father selection: Select Daheng broiler chickens that are 180 days old and weigh 2.5 kg.

[0043] Mother selection: Choose 200-day-old Black Water Chickens weighing 1.8 kg.

[0044] Hybridization: Use Daheng broiler as the male parent and Blackwater broiler as the female parent to obtain offspring breeding eggs.

[0045] Hatching: Hatching the breeding eggs to obtain F1 generation hybrid chickens.

[0046] 2. Mating, breeding and screening

[0047] Feeding and management: F1 hybrid chickens are raised in double-layer stepped enclosures for both females and males to ensure a good feeding environment and nutritional supply.

[0048] Mating and breeding: The F1 generation hybrid chickens are mated and bred 4 times. Before each mating, the male F1 generation hybrid chickens are selected to select high-quality paternal parents, and the breeding eggs are screened after mating.

[0049] Selection of sires for F2 hybrid chickens: Measure the chest width and keel length of male F1 hybrid chickens of 200-250 days old and 1.8-2.5 kg in weight, and select male F1 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 4 cm and a keel length of 13 cm as the sires of F2 hybrid chickens.

[0050] Egg selection

[0051] Preliminary screening: Use the light method to conduct preliminary screening on the hatching eggs 3 days after they are laid to remove unfertilized eggs.

[0052] Pre-incubation treatment: The pre-screened eggs were pre-incubated for 4 hours at a temperature of 37.8°C, a relative humidity of 65%, and an average pressure of 0.5 MPa.

[0053] Secondary screening: Use an egg candling device to conduct secondary screening on the pre-incubated eggs, remove the eggs with cracks in the eggshell and deviated air chambers, and obtain fertilized eggs.

[0054] Hatching: Hatching the fertilized eggs to obtain F2 generation hybrid chickens.

[0055] 3. Backcrossing and Hatching

[0056] Breed selection: Measure the chest width and keel length of male F2 hybrid chickens that are 200-220 days old and weigh 1.8-2.5 kg, and select male F2 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 5 cm and a keel length of 14 cm as the father of the F3 hybrid chickens.

[0057] Backcrossing: Use the selected F2 generation hybrid chicken male as the male parent, and select the 240-day-old, 1.9 kg Black Water Chicken as the female parent for backcrossing to obtain offspring breeding eggs.

[0058] Hatching: Hatch the breeding eggs to obtain F3 generation hybrid chickens.

[0059] 4. Mating, breeding and final selection

[0060] Mating and breeding: The F3 hybrid chickens are mated and bred for three generations to ensure genetic stability.

[0061] Breeding: Through continuous breeding, high-quality hybrid Black Water Chickens are obtained.

[0062] 5. Feeding and management

[0063] For chicks 0-1 week old:

[0064] The first functional auxiliary material (calculated by weight, 30 parts of phosphorus supplement, 22 parts of calcium supplement, 6 parts of digestive enzyme, 3 parts of lysine, 3 parts of methionine, 2 parts of vitamin D, 1 part of vitamin A, 1 part of thiamine, 1 part of riboflavin) is used in combination with young chicken feed for feeding. The weight ratio of the first functional auxiliary material to young chicken feed is 1:8.

[0065] For chicks 2-4 weeks old:

[0066] The second functional auxiliary material (30 parts by weight of phosphorus supplement, 22 parts by weight of calcium supplement, 6 parts by weight of digestive enzyme, 2 parts by weight of vitamin D, and 1 part by weight of vitamin A) is used in combination with chicken feed for feeding. The ratio of the second functional auxiliary material to chicken feed is 1:4 by weight.

[0067] In this embodiment, the feed for raising adult chickens is selected from the high-yield laying hen compound feed provided by the Hope Feed Company in Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province; the feed for young chickens is selected from the 531S broiler chicken compound feed provided by the Hope Feed Company in Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] 1. Hybridization and Hatching

[0070] Father selection: Select Daheng broiler chickens that are 200 days old and weigh 2.8 kg.

[0071] Mother selection: Choose black water chickens that are 240 days old and weigh 1.8 kg.

[0072] Hybridization: Use Daheng broiler as the male parent and Blackwater broiler as the female parent to obtain offspring breeding eggs.

[0073] Hatching: Hatching the breeding eggs to obtain F1 generation hybrid chickens.

[0074] 2. Mating, breeding and screening

[0075] Feeding and management: Female and male F1 hybrid chickens are raised separately to ensure a good feeding environment and nutritional supply.

[0076] Mating and breeding: The F1 generation hybrid chickens are mated and bred 4 times. Before each mating, the male F1 generation hybrid chickens are selected to select high-quality paternal parents, and the breeding eggs are screened after mating.

[0077] Selection of the sire of F2 hybrid chickens: Measure the chest width and keel length of male F1 hybrid chickens of 200-250 days old and 1.8-2.5 kg in weight, and select male F1 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 5 cm and a keel length of 15 cm as the sire of F2 hybrid chickens.

[0078] Egg screening:

[0079] Preliminary screening: Use the light method to conduct preliminary screening on the hatching eggs 4 days after they are laid to remove unfertilized eggs.

[0080] Pre-incubation treatment: The pre-screened eggs were pre-incubated for 3 hours at a temperature of 38.1°C, a relative humidity of 68%, and an average pressure of 0.6 MPa.

[0081] Secondary screening: Use an egg candling device to conduct secondary screening on the pre-incubated eggs, remove the eggs with cracks in the eggshell and deviated air chambers, and obtain fertilized eggs.

[0082] Hatching: Hatching the fertilized eggs to obtain F2 generation hybrid chickens.

[0083] 3. Backcrossing and Hatching

[0084] Breed selection: Measure the chest width and keel length of male F2 hybrid chickens that are 200-220 days old and weigh 1.8-2.5 kg, and select male F2 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 6 cm and a keel length of 17 cm as the father of the F3 hybrid chickens.

[0085] Backcrossing: Use the selected F2 generation hybrid chicken male as the male parent, and select the 220-day-old, 2 kg Black Water Phoenix Chicken as the female parent for backcrossing to obtain offspring breeding eggs.

[0086] Hatching: Hatch the breeding eggs to obtain F3 generation hybrid chickens.

[0087] 4. Mating, breeding and final selection

[0088] Mating and breeding: F3 hybrid chickens are mated and bred for 4 generations to ensure genetic stability.

[0089] Breeding: Through continuous breeding, high-quality hybrid Black Water Chickens are obtained.

[0090] 5. Feeding and management

[0091] For chicks 0-1 week old:

[0092] The first functional auxiliary material (calculated by weight, 35 parts of phosphorus supplement, 24 parts of calcium supplement, 7 parts of digestive enzyme, 4 parts of lysine, 4 parts of methionine, 2 parts of vitamin D, 2 parts of vitamin A, 1 part of thiamine, 2 parts of riboflavin) is used in combination with young chicken feed for feeding. The weight ratio of the first functional auxiliary material to young chicken feed is 1:9.

[0093] For chicks 2-4 weeks old:

[0094] The second functional auxiliary material (25 parts of phosphorus supplement, 23 parts of calcium supplement, 7 parts of digestive enzyme, 3 parts of vitamin D, 2 parts of vitamin A) is used in combination with young chicken feed for feeding. By weight, the ratio of the second functional auxiliary material to young chicken feed is 1:6.

[0095] In this embodiment, the feed for raising adult chickens is selected from the high-yield laying hen compound feed provided by the Hope Feed Company in Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province; the feed for young chickens is selected from the 531S broiler chicken compound feed provided by the Hope Feed Company in Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] 1. Hybridization and Hatching

[0098] Father selection: Select Daheng broiler chickens of 220 days of age and 3 kg in weight.

[0099] Mother selection: Choose black water chickens that are 250 days old and weigh 1.9 kg.

[0100] Hybridization: Use Daheng broiler as the male parent and Blackwater broiler as the female parent to obtain offspring breeding eggs.

[0101] Hatching: Hatching the breeding eggs to obtain F1 generation hybrid chickens.

[0102] 2. Mating, breeding and screening

[0103] Feeding and management: Female and male F1 hybrid chickens are raised separately to ensure a good feeding environment and nutritional supply.

[0104] Mating and breeding: The F1 generation hybrid chickens are mated and bred 4 times. Before each mating, the male F1 generation hybrid chickens are selected to select high-quality paternal parents, and the breeding eggs are screened after mating.

[0105] Selection of the sire of F2 hybrid chickens: Measure the chest width and keel length of male F1 hybrid chickens of 200-250 days old and 1.8-2.5 kg in weight, and select male F1 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 6 cm and a keel length of 14 cm as the sire of F2 hybrid chickens.

[0106] Egg screening:

[0107] Preliminary screening: Use the light method to conduct preliminary screening on the hatching eggs 4 days after they are laid to remove unfertilized eggs.

[0108] Pre-incubation treatment: The pre-screened eggs were pre-incubated for 4 hours at a temperature of 38.5°C, a relative humidity of 70%, and an average pressure of 0.8 MPa.

[0109] Secondary screening: Use an egg candling device to conduct secondary screening on the pre-incubated eggs, remove the eggs with cracks in the eggshell and deviated air chambers, and obtain fertilized eggs.

[0110] Hatching: Hatching the fertilized eggs to obtain F2 generation hybrid chickens.

[0111] 3. Backcrossing and Hatching

[0112] Breed selection: Measure the chest width and keel length of male F2 hybrid chickens that are 200-220 days old and weigh 1.8-2.5 kg, and select male F2 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 6 cm and a keel length of 13 cm as the father of the F3 hybrid chickens.

[0113] Backcrossing: Use the selected F2 generation hybrid chicken male as the male parent, and select the 200-day-old, 2 kg Black Water Phoenix Chicken as the female parent for backcrossing to obtain offspring breeding eggs.

[0114] Hatching: Hatch the breeding eggs to obtain F3 generation hybrid chickens.

[0115] 4. Mating, breeding and final selection

[0116] Mating and breeding: F3 hybrid chickens are mated and bred for 4 generations to ensure genetic stability.

[0117] Breeding: Through continuous breeding, high-quality hybrid Black Water Chickens are obtained.

[0118] 5. Feeding and management

[0119] For chicks 0-1 week old:

[0120] The first functional auxiliary material (calculated by weight, 35 parts of phosphorus supplement, 25 parts of calcium supplement, 8 parts of digestive enzyme, 5 parts of lysine, 5 parts of methionine, 3 parts of vitamin D, 2 parts of vitamin A, 2 parts of thiamine, 2 parts of riboflavin) is used in combination with young chicken feed for feeding. By weight ratio, the first functional auxiliary material: young chicken feed is 2:9.

[0121] For chicks 2-4 weeks old:

[0122] The second functional auxiliary material (35 parts of phosphorus supplement, 25 parts of calcium supplement, 8 parts of digestive enzyme, 3 parts of vitamin D, 2 parts of vitamin A) is used in combination with young chicken feed for feeding. By weight, the ratio of the second functional auxiliary material to young chicken feed is 2:7.

[0123] In this embodiment, the feed for raising adult chickens is selected from the high-yield laying hen compound feed provided by the Hope Feed Company in Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province; the feed for young chickens is selected from the 531S broiler chicken compound feed provided by the Hope Feed Company in Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.

[0124] Comparative Example 1

[0125] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no pre-incubation treatment and no secondary screening are performed in the breeding egg screening stage.

[0126] Comparative Example 2

[0127] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that during the hybridization and hatching stages, the male parent is a 200-day-old Black Water Chicken weighing 1.8 kg; the female parent is a 180-day-old Daheng broiler chicken weighing 2.5 kg.

[0128] Comparative Example 3

[0129] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that during the hybridization and hatching stages, the male parent is a 200-day-old black water chicken weighing 2.5 kg; the female parent is a 180-day-old black water chicken weighing 2.0 kg.

[0130] Comparative Example 4

[0131] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no paternal selection of F2 generation hybrid chickens is performed.

[0132] Comparative Example 5

[0133] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no paternal selection of F3 generation hybrid chickens is performed.

[0134] Comparative Example 6

[0135] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the chickens aged 0-4 weeks are fed with young chicken feed.

[0136] Test Example 1

[0137] The black water chicken breeder eggs obtained by Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-6 were incubated to detect their reproductive performance. The detection method was: after incubation, the number of unfertilized eggs, the number of unhatched eggs and the number of hatched eggs were calculated, and the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs were calculated. The detection results are shown in Table 1, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0138] Fertilization rate = number of fertilized eggs / number of incubated eggs × 100%;

[0139] Fertilized egg hatching rate = number of chicks / number of fertilized eggs × 100%

[0140] Table 1

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] Test Example 2

[0144] The black water chicken breeding eggs obtained by culturing in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were incubated, and 100 successfully hatched chicks were randomly selected as test objects for culture. During the culture period, the growth weight, chest width, and keel length of male and female black water chickens at 0, 4, 12, and 16 weeks of age were measured and recorded. The measurement method was based on "NY / T 823-2020 Terminology and Measurement Calculation Methods for Poultry Production Performance", and the measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0145] Table 2

[0146]

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chickens, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 uses Daheng broiler chicken as male parent and Heishui Fengwei chicken as female parent, and crosses them to obtain offspring for hatching to obtain F1 generation hybrid chickens; S2 conducts 2-5 matings on the F1 generation hybrid chickens to obtain F2 generation hybrid chickens; S3 selects male F2 hybrid chickens as the male parent, then uses black water phoenix chickens as the female parent, performs backcrossing, obtains offspring for hatching, and obtains F3 hybrid chickens; S4 mates and breeds F3 hybrid chickens for 3-5 generations to obtain high-quality hybrid black water phoenix tail chickens; Among them, female and male F1 generation hybrid chickens are raised separately, and then mated and bred after selection, and the offspring are hatched to obtain F2 generation hybrid chickens.

2. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, after each mating and breeding of the F1 generation hybrid chickens, the offspring are first screened and then hatched, and the screening method includes: S21 uses the light method to conduct preliminary screening of hatching eggs 3-5 days after they are laid; S22 pre-incubates the preliminarily screened breeding eggs for 3-5 hours at a temperature of 37.8-38.5°C, a relative humidity of 65%-70%, and an average pressure of 0.5-0.8MPa, and then performs a secondary screening to obtain fertilized breeding eggs.

3. The breeding method of high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2 to step S4, the hatched offspring are fed with the first functional auxiliary material in combination with chicken feed within 0-1 week of age, and the weight ratio of the first functional auxiliary material to chicken feed is 1-2:8-9.

4. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first functional auxiliary material comprises the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of phosphorus supplement, 20-25 parts of calcium supplement, 5-8 parts of digestive enzyme, 2-5 parts of lysine, 2-5 parts of methionine, 1-3 parts of vitamin D, 1-2 parts of vitamin A, 1-2 parts of thiamine and 1-2 parts of riboflavin.

5. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2 to step S4, the hatched offspring are fed with the second functional auxiliary material in combination with chick feed within 2-4 weeks of age, and the weight ratio of the second functional auxiliary material to chick feed is 1-2:3-7.

6. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second functional auxiliary material comprises the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of phosphorus supplement, 20-25 parts of calcium supplement, 5-8 parts of digestive enzyme, 2-3 parts of vitamin D, and 1-2 parts of vitamin A.

7. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that: The phosphorus supplement comprises at least one of ammonium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate; the calcium supplement comprises at least one of calcium formate, calcium lactate, and calcium gluconate; and the complex enzyme preparation comprises at least one of protease, phytase, cellulase, and β-glucanase.

8. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: Daheng broiler chickens with an age of 180-220 days and a body weight of 2.5-3.0 kg were used as the male parent of the F1 generation hybrid chickens; Blackwater phoenix tail chickens with an age of 200-250 days and a body weight of 1.8-2.0 kg were used as the female parent of the F1 generation hybrid chickens and F3 generation hybrid chickens.

9. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the chest width and keel length of F1 hybrid chickens aged 200-250 days and weighing 1.8-2.5 kg are measured, and male F1 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 4-6 cm and a keel length of 13-17 cm are taken as the father of F2 hybrid chickens.

10. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid black water chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the chest width and keel length of male F2 hybrid chickens of 200-220 days of age and 2.1-2.5 kg in weight are measured, and male F2 hybrid chickens with a chest width of 4-6 cm and a keel length of 13-17 cm are taken as the paternal parent of F3 hybrid chickens.

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