Flat-bottom full-automatic overturning mixer easy to clean

By designing a flat bottom easy-to-clean fully automatic flip mixer, using the coordination between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder and multiple power mechanisms, step-by-step multi-stage mixing is achieved, solving the problem that existing mixers cannot perform multi-stage mixing and stirring. Improves mixing efficiency and effect.

CN119455744APending Publication Date: 2025-02-18ZHEJIANG KAIDI AUTOMATION TECH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202411827907.5
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-12-12
Publication Date
2025-02-18

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing mixers cannot perform multi-stage mixing and stirring, and different mixing raw materials cannot be added in different mixing stages.

Method used

A flat bottom easy-to-clean fully automatic flip mixer is designed, and step-by-step multi-stage mixing is completed through the cooperation of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. The mixer includes a plurality of power mechanisms and telescopic mechanisms, which can realize multi-angle swing of the agitator plate and multi-stage movement of the mixing cylinder, ensuring effective mixing of raw materials at different stages.

Benefits of technology

The step-by-step multi-stage mixing is achieved through the coordination of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and different mixing materials can be flexibly added in different mixing stages, improving the mixing efficiency and effect.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a mixing machine, in particular to a flat-bottom easy-to-clean full-automatic overturning mixing machine which comprises a device support, a lead screw is rotatably connected to the device support, a sliding seat is slidably connected to the device support, the sliding seat is connected to the lead screw through threads, and a first swing support is rotatably connected to the sliding seat. A second swinging bracket is rotationally connected to the first swinging bracket; the device support is fixedly connected with a first power mechanism for driving the lead screw to rotate, the first power mechanism is preferably a servo motor, the sliding seat is fixedly connected with a second power mechanism for driving the first swing support to rotate, and the second power mechanism is preferably a servo motor. A third power mechanism for driving the second swing support to rotate is fixedly connected to the first swing support, and the third power mechanism is preferably a servo motor; and step-by-step mixing can be completed through cooperation of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a mixer, in particular to a flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer. Background Art

[0002] A mixer is a mechanical device that utilizes mechanical force and gravity to uniformly mix two or more materials; for example, publication number CN2307626 discloses a conical double-screw mixer, wherein the mixing barrel is an inverted cone, and the power transmission device is above the mixing barrel, including a vertical revolving motor and a revolving reducer and a horizontal rotating motor and a rotating reducer. The two reducers are linked to a distribution box through a gear box, so that the two stirring screws can rotate and simultaneously perform planetary revolution along the wall of the mixing barrel. The screws are provided with spiral blades, and the mixing barrel has two layers of seals. However, during the mixing process, different mixed raw materials may need to be added in different mixing stages, and this patent cannot perform multi-stage mixing and stirring. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic tumbling mixer, which can achieve step-by-step multi-stage mixing through the cooperation of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer comprises a device bracket, a screw rod is rotatably connected to the device bracket, a sliding seat is slidably connected to the device bracket, the sliding seat is connected to the screw rod by threads, a first swing bracket is rotatably connected to the sliding seat, and a second swing bracket is rotatably connected to the first swing bracket;

[0006] The device bracket is fixedly connected with a first power mechanism for driving the screw rod to rotate, and the first power mechanism is preferably a servo motor; the sliding seat is fixedly connected with a second power mechanism for driving the first swing bracket to rotate, and the second power mechanism is preferably a servo motor; the first swing bracket is fixedly connected with a third power mechanism for driving the second swing bracket to rotate, and the third power mechanism is preferably a servo motor;

[0007] The second swing bracket is fixedly connected with a mixing outer cylinder, the bottom of the mixing outer cylinder is provided with a plurality of sliding holes, the bottom of the mixing outer cylinder is conical, and a buckle cover is fixedly connected with the mixing outer cylinder;

[0008] The second swing bracket is fixedly connected to the first telescopic mechanism, the telescopic end of the first telescopic mechanism is fixedly connected to the first lifting bracket, the first lifting bracket is fixedly connected to the lifting plate, the lifting plate is fixedly connected to a plurality of support plates, each support plate is rotatably connected to a stirring plate, the support plate and the stirring plate can overlap and misalign, and the support plate and the stirring plate are both slidably connected in the sliding hole;

[0009] The lifting plate is rotatably connected with a gear ring, the bottom of the stirring plate is fixedly connected with a plurality of gears, the plurality of gears are meshed with the gear ring for transmission, the lifting plate is fixedly connected with a fourth power mechanism for driving the gear ring to rotate, and the fourth power mechanism is preferably a servo motor;

[0010] The second swing bracket is fixedly connected to a second telescopic mechanism, the telescopic end of the second telescopic mechanism is fixedly connected to a second lifting bracket, the second lifting bracket is fixedly connected to a mixing inner cylinder, the mixing inner cylinder is slidably connected in the mixing outer cylinder, the bottom of the mixing inner cylinder is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe, a valve is provided on the discharge pipe, and the bottom of the mixing inner cylinder is rotatably connected to a rotating sleeve;

[0011] The second swing bracket is fixedly connected to a third telescopic mechanism, the telescopic end of the third telescopic mechanism is fixedly connected to a third lifting bracket, the third lifting bracket is fixedly connected to a first discharge disc, the first discharge disc is slidably connected in the mixing outer cylinder, the lower end of the first discharge disc is conical, the first discharge disc is fixedly connected to a first feed pipe, and the first feed pipe is connected to the mixing outer cylinder;

[0012] The second lifting bracket is fixedly connected with a fourth telescopic mechanism, the telescopic end of the fourth telescopic mechanism is fixedly connected with a fourth lifting bracket, the fourth lifting bracket is rotatably connected with a rotating column, the rotating column is slidably connected in the rotating sleeve, the rotating column is fixedly connected with a spiral shaft, the rotating column is fixedly connected with an elastic sleeve, the elastic sleeve is covered on the outside of the spiral shaft, the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected with a rotating ring, the rotating ring is rotatably connected to the discharge cavity, the discharge cavity is fixedly connected to the second discharge disk, the second discharge disk is fixedly connected with a second feed pipe, the second feed pipe is connected to the discharge cavity, a plurality of discharge holes are arranged on the discharge cavity, the second discharge disk is slidably connected in the mixing inner cylinder, a plurality of gas channels are arranged on the rotating column, and the gas channels are connected with the elastic sleeve;

[0013] The fourth lifting bracket is fixedly connected with a fifth power mechanism for driving the rotating column to rotate, and the fifth power mechanism is preferably a servo motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the device support structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mixing outer cylinder of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stirring plate of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the gear ring structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mixing inner cylinder of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the discharge pipeline of the present invention;

[0023] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the buckle cover structure of the present invention;

[0024] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the mixing inner cylinder of the present invention;

[0025] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the elastic sleeve structure of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the elastic sleeve of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] Device support 11; screw rod 12;

[0029] Sliding seat 21; first swing bracket 22;

[0030] A second swing bracket 31; a mixing outer cylinder 32; a sliding hole 33; a buckle cover 34;

[0031] First telescopic mechanism 41; first lifting bracket 42; lifting plate 43; support plate 44; stirring plate 45; gear 46; gear ring 47;

[0032] The second telescopic mechanism 51; the second lifting bracket 52; the mixing inner cylinder 53; the discharge pipe 54; the rotating sleeve 55;

[0033] The third telescopic mechanism 61; the third lifting bracket 62; the first discharge tray 63; the first feeding pipe 64;

[0034] The fourth telescopic mechanism 71 ; the fourth lifting bracket 72 ; the rotating column 73 ; the elastic sleeve 74 ; the spiral shaft 75 ; the second discharge tray 76 ; the second feed pipe 77 ; the discharge cavity 78 ; the gas channel 79 ; and the rotating ring 710 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, in order to achieve the technical effect of "step-by-step mixing can be completed through the cooperation of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder", the structure and function of a flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer are described in detail below;

[0037] A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer comprises a device bracket 11, a screw rod 12 is rotatably connected to the device bracket 11, a sliding seat 21 is slidably connected to the device bracket 11, the sliding seat 21 is connected to the screw rod 12 by threads, a first swing bracket 22 is rotatably connected to the sliding seat 21, and a second swing bracket 31 is rotatably connected to the first swing bracket 22;

[0038] The device bracket 11 is fixedly connected with a first power mechanism for driving the screw rod 12 to rotate, and the first power mechanism is preferably a servo motor. The sliding seat 21 is fixedly connected with a second power mechanism for driving the first swing bracket 22 to rotate, and the second power mechanism is preferably a servo motor. The first swing bracket 22 is fixedly connected with a third power mechanism for driving the second swing bracket 31 to rotate, and the third power mechanism is preferably a servo motor.

[0039] A mixing outer cylinder 32 is fixedly connected to the second swing bracket 31. A plurality of sliding holes 33 are arranged at the bottom of the mixing outer cylinder 32. The bottom of the mixing outer cylinder 32 is arranged in a conical shape. A buckle cover 34 is fixedly connected to the mixing outer cylinder 32.

[0040] The second swing bracket 31 is fixedly connected with a first telescopic mechanism 41, the telescopic end of the first telescopic mechanism 41 is fixedly connected with a first lifting bracket 42, the first lifting bracket 42 is fixedly connected with a lifting plate 43, the lifting plate 43 is fixedly connected with a plurality of support plates 44, each support plate 44 is rotatably connected with a stirring plate 45, the support plates 44 and the stirring plates 45 can overlap and misalign, and the support plates 44 and the stirring plates 45 are slidably connected in the sliding holes 33;

[0041] A gear ring 47 is rotatably connected to the lifting plate 43, a plurality of gears 46 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the stirring plate 45, and the plurality of gears 46 are meshed with the gear ring 47 for transmission. A fourth power mechanism for driving the gear ring 47 to rotate is fixedly connected to the lifting plate 43, and the fourth power mechanism is preferably a servo motor;

[0042] The second swing bracket 31 is fixedly connected with a second telescopic mechanism 51, the telescopic end of the second telescopic mechanism 51 is fixedly connected with a second lifting bracket 52, the second lifting bracket 52 is fixedly connected with a mixing inner cylinder 53, the mixing inner cylinder 53 is slidably connected in the mixing outer cylinder 32, the bottom of the mixing inner cylinder 53 is fixedly connected with a discharge pipe 54, a valve is provided on the discharge pipe 54, and the bottom of the mixing inner cylinder 53 is rotatably connected with a rotating sleeve 55;

[0043] The second swing bracket 31 is fixedly connected with a third telescopic mechanism 61, the telescopic end of the third telescopic mechanism 61 is fixedly connected with a third lifting bracket 62, the third lifting bracket 62 is fixedly connected with a first discharge disc 63, the first discharge disc 63 is slidably connected in the mixing outer cylinder 32, the lower end of the first discharge disc 63 is conical, the first discharge disc 63 is fixedly connected with a first feed pipe 64, and the first feed pipe 64 is connected with the mixing outer cylinder 32;

[0044] The second lifting bracket 52 is fixedly connected with a fourth telescopic mechanism 71, and the telescopic end of the fourth telescopic mechanism 71 is fixedly connected with a fourth lifting bracket 72. The fourth lifting bracket 72 is rotatably connected with a rotating column 73, and the rotating column 73 is slidably connected in the rotating sleeve 55. The rotating column 73 is fixedly connected with a spiral shaft 75, and the rotating column 73 is fixedly connected with an elastic sleeve 74, which is coated on the outer side of the spiral shaft 75. The elastic sleeve 74 is fixedly connected with a rotating ring 710, and the rotating ring 710 is rotatably connected to the discharge cavity 78. The discharge cavity 78 is fixedly connected to the second discharge disk 76, and the second discharge disk 76 is fixedly connected with a second feed pipe 77, and the second feed pipe 77 is connected to the discharge cavity 78. The discharge cavity 78 is provided with a plurality of discharge holes, and the second discharge disk 76 is slidably connected in the mixing inner cylinder 53. The rotating column 73 is provided with a plurality of gas channels 79, and the gas channels 79 are connected with the elastic sleeve 74.

[0045] The fourth lifting bracket 72 is fixedly connected with a fifth power mechanism for driving the rotating column 73 to rotate, and the fifth power mechanism is preferably a servo motor;

[0046] When using, Figure 2 As shown, the raw materials to be mixed in the first stage are injected into the mixing outer cylinder 32 through the first feeding pipe 64. A one-way valve is provided in the first feeding pipe 64 to ensure that the raw materials can only enter the mixing outer cylinder 32 from the first feeding pipe 64, and the raw materials in the mixing outer cylinder 32 cannot be discharged through the first feeding pipe 64;

[0047] Start the first telescopic mechanism 41, which may be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The telescopic end of the first telescopic mechanism 41 drives the first lifting bracket 42 to move, the first lifting bracket 42 drives the lifting plate 43 to move, the lifting plate 43 drives the plurality of support plates 44 to move, the support plates 44 drive the stirring plates 45 to move, so that the support plates 44 and the stirring plates 45 slide in the sliding holes 33, so that the stirring plates 45 slide into the mixing outer cylinder 32;

[0048] The fourth power mechanism is started, and the output shaft of the fourth power mechanism starts to rotate, the output shaft of the fourth power mechanism drives the ring gear 47 to rotate, the ring gear 47 drives the plurality of gears 46 to rotate, the gears 46 drive the stirring plates 45 to rotate, so that the plurality of stirring plates 45 rotate in the mixing outer barrel 32, thereby stirring the raw materials in the mixing outer barrel 32;

[0049] After the stirring is completed, the fourth power mechanism is stopped. It should be noted that the fourth power mechanism controls the gear ring 47 to stop rotating after rotating to a specified position, that is, a positioning point or scale may be provided on the gear ring 47 to mark the position to which the gear ring 47 rotates, the support plate 44 and the stirring plate 45 overlap, and can slide out of the sliding hole 33;

[0050] The first telescopic mechanism 41 is started, and the telescopic end of the first telescopic mechanism 41 drives the support plate 44 and the stirring plate 45 to move downward, so that the support plate 44 and the stirring plate 45 move into the sliding hole 33. Furthermore, the upper end of the stirring plate 45 is tilted, and the tilt angle of the upper end of the stirring plate 45 is the same as the tilt angle of the bottom of the mixing outer cylinder 32. Then, when the stirring plate 45 is stored in the sliding hole 33, the top end of the stirring plate 45 and the bottom of the mixing outer cylinder 32 are overlapped and located in the same plane; in this way, no stirred raw materials will remain on the stirring plate 45;

[0051] The second telescopic mechanism 51 is started, and the telescopic end of the second telescopic mechanism 51 drives the second lifting bracket 52 to move downward, and the second lifting bracket 52 drives the mixing inner cylinder 53 to move downward, so that the upper end of the mixing inner cylinder 53 moves to the bottom of the mixing outer cylinder 32, and then the raw materials in the mixing outer cylinder 32 enter the mixing inner cylinder 53 under the action of gravity;

[0052] Further, in order to ensure that the raw materials in the outer mixing cylinder 32 can all enter the inner mixing cylinder 53, the third telescopic mechanism 61 is started, and the telescopic end of the third telescopic mechanism 61 drives the third lifting bracket 62 to move, and the third lifting bracket 62 drives the first discharge plate 63 to move, so that the first discharge plate 63 moves downward, so that the first discharge plate 63 slides in the outer mixing cylinder 32, and the first discharge plate 63 moves downward to squeeze the space inside the outer mixing cylinder 32, so that the raw materials in the outer mixing cylinder 32 can all enter the inner mixing cylinder 53. When the raw materials enter the inner mixing cylinder 53, the second telescopic mechanism 51 is started to reset the inner mixing cylinder 53, and then the first discharge plate 63 is also reset;

[0053] Then, new raw materials can be introduced into the mixing outer cylinder 32 for mixing, while the raw materials of the second stage added into the mixing inner cylinder 53 continue to be mixed;

[0054] like Fig.11 and 12As shown, the raw materials of the second stage are introduced into the discharge cavity 78 through the second feeding pipe 77, and enter the mixing inner cylinder 53 through the discharge hole provided on the discharge cavity 78. A one-way valve is provided in the discharge hole provided on the discharge cavity 78 to ensure that the raw materials in the discharge cavity 78 can enter the mixing inner cylinder 53, and the raw materials in the mixing inner cylinder 53 cannot enter the discharge cavity 78;

[0055] The fifth power mechanism is started, and the output shaft of the fifth power mechanism starts to rotate. The output shaft of the fifth power mechanism drives the rotating column 73 to rotate, and the rotating column 73 drives the spiral shaft 75 to rotate. The gas channel 79 is connected to the air pump, and the gas channel 79 extracts the air in the elastic sleeve 74. The elastic sleeve 74 is preferably made of rubber material, so that the elastic sleeve 74 fits on the spiral shaft 75. When the spiral shaft 75 rotates, the material in the mixing inner cylinder 53 can be stirred;

[0056] After the stirring is completed, the air pump passes the gas into the elastic sleeve 74 through the gas channel 79, and the elastic sleeve 74 expands. Fig.12 As shown, the valve provided on the discharge pipe 54 is opened to discharge the material in the mixing inner cylinder 53. At the same time, the fourth telescopic mechanism 71 is started. The fourth telescopic mechanism 71 may be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The telescopic end of the fourth telescopic mechanism 71 drives the rotating column 73 to move downward, so that the elastic sleeve 74 passes through the rotating sleeve 55, and the residual material on the elastic sleeve 74 remains in the mixing inner cylinder 53. At the same time, the second discharge plate 76 moves downward to discharge all the raw materials in the mixing inner cylinder 53.

[0057] Furthermore, during the mixing process, the first power mechanism, the second power mechanism and the third power mechanism can be started, and the output shaft of the first power mechanism drives the screw 12 to rotate. When the screw 12 rotates, it drives the sliding seat 21 to move laterally through the thread, thereby driving the mixing outer cylinder 32 and the mixing inner cylinder 53 to move laterally. The output shaft of the second power mechanism drives the first swing bracket 22 to swing, and the output shaft of the third power mechanism drives the second swing bracket 31 to swing, thereby driving the mixing outer cylinder 32 and the mixing inner cylinder 53 to swing at multiple angles, thereby increasing the mixing and stirring effect.

Claims

1. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer, comprising a second swing bracket (31), characterized in that: The second swing bracket (31) is fixedly connected to a mixing outer cylinder (32), a plurality of sliding holes (33) are arranged at the bottom of the mixing outer cylinder (32), the bottom of the mixing outer cylinder (32) is arranged in a conical shape, the second swing bracket (31) is fixedly connected to a second telescopic mechanism (51), a second lifting bracket (52) is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second telescopic mechanism (51), the second lifting bracket (52) is fixedly connected to a mixing inner cylinder (53), and the mixing inner cylinder (53) is slidably connected in the mixing outer cylinder (32).

2. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second swing bracket (31) is rotatably connected to the first swing bracket (22), the first swing bracket (22) is rotatably connected to the sliding seat (21), the sliding seat (21) is slidably connected to the device bracket (11), the device bracket (11) is rotatably connected to a screw rod (12), and the sliding seat (21) is connected to the screw rod (12) via a thread.

3. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buckle cover (34) is fixedly connected to the mixing outer cylinder (32).

4. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second swing bracket (31) is fixedly connected to a first telescopic mechanism (41), the telescopic end of the first telescopic mechanism (41) is fixedly connected to a first lifting bracket (42), the first lifting bracket (42) is fixedly connected to a lifting disk (43), the lifting disk (43) is fixedly connected to a plurality of support plates (44), each support plate (44) is rotatably connected to a stirring plate (45), the support plates (44) and the stirring plates (45) can overlap and be misaligned, and the support plates (44) and the stirring plates (45) are both slidably connected in the sliding holes (33).

5. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting plate (43) is rotatably connected to a gear ring (47), and the bottom of the stirring plate (45) is fixedly connected to a plurality of gears (46), and the plurality of gears (46) are all meshed with the gear ring (47) for transmission.

6. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the mixing inner cylinder (53) is fixedly connected to a discharge pipe (54), a valve is provided on the discharge pipe (54), and the bottom of the mixing inner cylinder (53) is rotatably connected to a rotating sleeve (55).

7. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second swing bracket (31) is fixedly connected to a third telescopic mechanism (61), the telescopic end of the third telescopic mechanism (61) is fixedly connected to a third lifting bracket (62), the third lifting bracket (62) is fixedly connected to a first discharge disc (63), the first discharge disc (63) is slidably connected in the mixing outer cylinder (32), the lower end of the first discharge disc (63) is conically arranged, the first discharge disc (63) is fixedly connected to a first feed pipe (64), and the first feed pipe (64) is communicated with the mixing outer cylinder (32).

8. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second lifting bracket (52) is fixedly connected to a fourth telescopic mechanism (71), the telescopic end of the fourth telescopic mechanism (71) is fixedly connected to a fourth lifting bracket (72), the fourth lifting bracket (72) is rotatably connected to a rotating column (73), the rotating column (73) is slidably connected in the rotating sleeve (55), the rotating column (73) is fixedly connected to a spiral shaft (75), the rotating column (73) is fixedly connected to an elastic sleeve (74), and the elastic sleeve (74) covers the outer side of the spiral shaft (75).

9. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The elastic sleeve (74) is fixedly connected to a rotating ring (710), which is rotatably connected to a discharge cavity (78), which is fixedly connected to a second discharge disk (76), which is fixedly connected to a second feed pipe (77), which is communicated with the discharge cavity (78), and a plurality of discharge holes are provided on the discharge cavity (78), and the second discharge disk (76) is slidably connected to the mixing inner cylinder (53).

10. A flat-bottomed, easy-to-clean, fully automatic flip mixer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rotating column (73) is provided with a plurality of gas channels (79), and the gas channels (79) are in communication with the elastic sleeve (74).