SLM multi-row arc-shaped scraper device and rapid forming method
By adopting a multi-row arc scraper device in SLM technology, the problem of reducing laser effective utilization time caused by the long running time of single-layer slice scraper powder is solved, and the effect of improving printing efficiency and reducing equipment costs is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411685607.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
Smart Images
Figure CN119457152A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a SLM multi-row arc scraper device and a rapid prototyping method. Background Art
[0002] Selective laser melting (SLM) technology uses metal powder as raw material. According to the layered slicing information of the three-dimensional CAD model of the formed component, the scanning galvanometer drives the laser beam to scan quickly along the path planned by the software, and uses a high-energy density heat source to melt the powder, solidify it quickly, and achieve the formation of high-density, excellent-performance three-dimensional metal parts through layer-by-layer stacking. It effectively makes up for the organizational defects and low performance of components formed by traditional casting, forging and other technologies, and the low utilization rate of materials in mechanical processing and cutting technology, which increases production costs. Compared with traditional forming and processing technology, SLM forming does not require molds, saving the time of preparing molds, and there is no need to consider mold wear, which greatly shortens the production cycle; powder raw materials can be reused, reducing production costs.
[0003] In recent years, with the pursuit of high-efficiency and high-reliability structures in the fields of weapons and equipment, aerospace, automobiles, ships, and medical electronics, large-scale thin-walled and sophisticated structural features are increasingly used in design. The accompanying layered slicing of components often includes thousands or even more slicing layers. The current mainstream powder spreading form is that after the single-layer slicing printing task is completed, the laser waits for the next layer of scraper powder spreading to be built before issuing the printing task, and the cycle is repeated to finally complete the SLM manufacturing process of the entire part. At present, the size of the powder spreading forming cylinder is gradually developing towards a large format trend, resulting in a gradual increase in the running time of the single-layer slicing scraper powder spreading, even exceeding the laser running time, especially in the printing process of thin-walled components. The effective utilization time of the laser is significantly reduced, seriously affecting the production efficiency of the product. At present, the industry adopts increasing the number of laser beams to improve the efficiency of additive manufacturing, which greatly increases the equipment cost. Summary of the invention
[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a SLM multi-row arc scraper device and a rapid prototyping method, so as to improve the printing quality of parts while maximizing the printing efficiency and reducing the equipment use cost.
[0006] (II) Technical solution
[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an SLM multi-row arc scraper device, comprising: an arc scraper group, a scraper blade 4;
[0008] The arc scraper group is provided with three arc scrapers, each arc scraper is provided with a scraper blade 4 below, each arc scraper has the same structure, and is respectively denoted as: a first arc scraper 1, a second arc scraper 2, and a third arc scraper 3;
[0009] The right end of the arc scraper is provided with an angle structure, the left end is provided with a smooth surface, and the arc connecting surface is between the left and right ends;
[0010] The first arc scraper 1 and the second arc scraper 2 are fixed on the right running guide rail 11 , and the arc scraper 3 is fixed on the left running guide rail 11 .
[0011] The three arc-shaped scrapers are controlled and operated by three sets of external motors.
[0012] Wherein, the three arc-shaped scrapers are provided with a certain overlapping area on the vertical projection plane of the forming cylinder.
[0013] Wherein, the scraper blade 4 is fixed by a locking device under each arc scraper.
[0014] Each set of arc scrapers is configured to operate independently.
[0015] Among them, three sets of curved scrapers are arranged to run together.
[0016] A SLM multi-row arc scraper rapid prototyping method, the rapid prototyping method is implemented based on an SLM multi-row arc scraper device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
[0017] Step 1: Fix the forming substrate 6 into the forming cylinder, sink the powder supply cylinder 10, and adjust the height of the three arc scrapers according to the printing parameter layer thickness requirements;
[0018] Step 2: Three groups of arc scrapers scrape powder from bottom to top in a coordinated manner to flatten the metal powder on the upper layer of the powder supply cylinder 10, and recycle the excess metal powder into the horizontal powder collecting groove 5. At the same time, the first layer of powder on the forming substrate 6 is spread, the forming cylinder sinks one layer of slicing distance, and the powder supply cylinder 10 rises one layer of slicing distance;
[0019] Step 3: After the 3D model is sliced and layered, the printing process in forming area 01 is carried out first from right to left. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 01 during the printing process and prints forming area 02, the first curved scraper 1 performs the powder spreading task in forming area 01. The powder spreading operation does not interfere with the laser scanning of the next area. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 02 during the printing process and prints forming area 03, the second curved scraper 2 performs the powder spreading task in the second forming area 02. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 03, it will quickly jump to the next slice printing and start the printing task of forming area 01.
[0020] (III) Beneficial effects
[0021] The present invention proposes an SLM multi-row arc scraper device and a rapid prototyping method. The device avoids the waiting time of the laser during the scraper powder spreading process. The strip powder accumulation formed after a single arc scraper spreads the powder combined with the wind field effect can collect metal sintering splashes and smoke, and effectively scrape them off after the next scraper spreads the powder, thereby improving the printing quality of the formed parts. At the same time, the size and number of the row of arc scrapers can be increased or decreased according to the different formats of SLM printing equipment on the market, and can be compatible with the use requirements of various models of products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural distribution diagram of multiple rows of arc-shaped scrapers of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 2 This is an enlarged top view of the arc scraper structure;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the SLM printing process of a multi-row arc scraper device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] In order to make the purpose, content and advantages of the present invention more clear, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.
[0026] This embodiment provides a SLM multi-row arc scraper device, including: an arc scraper group, a scraper blade 4;
[0027] The arc scraper group is provided with three arc scrapers, each arc scraper is provided with a scraper blade 4 below, each arc scraper has the same structure, and is respectively denoted as: a first arc scraper 1, a second arc scraper 2, and a third arc scraper 3;
[0028] The right end of the arc scraper is provided with an angle structure, the left end is provided with a smooth surface, and the arc connecting surface is between the left and right ends;
[0029] The first arc scraper 1 and the second arc scraper 2 are fixed on the right running guide rail 11 , and the arc scraper 3 is fixed on the left running guide rail 11 .
[0030] The three arc-shaped scrapers are controlled and operated by three sets of external motors.
[0031] Wherein, the three arc-shaped scrapers are provided with a certain overlapping area on the vertical projection plane of the forming cylinder.
[0032] Wherein, the scraper blade 4 is fixed by a locking device under each arc scraper.
[0033] Each set of arc scrapers is configured to operate independently.
[0034] Among them, three sets of curved scrapers are arranged to run together.
[0035] A SLM multi-row arc scraper rapid prototyping method, the rapid prototyping method is implemented based on an SLM multi-row arc scraper device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
[0036] Step 1: Fix the forming substrate 6 into the forming cylinder, sink the powder supply cylinder 10, and adjust the height of the three arc scrapers according to the printing parameter layer thickness requirements;
[0037] Step 2: Three groups of arc scrapers scrape powder from bottom to top in a coordinated manner to flatten the metal powder on the upper layer of the powder supply cylinder 10, and recycle the excess metal powder into the horizontal powder collecting groove 5. At the same time, the first layer of powder on the forming substrate 6 is spread, the forming cylinder sinks one layer of slicing distance, and the powder supply cylinder 10 rises one layer of slicing distance;
[0038] Step 3: After the 3D model is sliced and layered, the printing process in forming area 01 is carried out first from right to left. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 01 during the printing process and prints forming area 02, the first curved scraper 1 performs the powder spreading task in forming area 01. The powder spreading operation does not interfere with the laser scanning of the next area. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 02 during the printing process and prints forming area 03, the second curved scraper 2 performs the powder spreading task in the second forming area 02. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 03, it will quickly jump to the next slice printing and start the printing task of forming area 01.
[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the three groups of arc scrapers can overlap effectively. The right end hook design of the arc scraper ensures that the metal powder flows to the smooth area on the left end during the powder spreading process and forms a strip of powder accumulation. Since the entire sealed cabin has a wind field structure design (a longitudinal blowing mechanism covering the width of the forming cylinder is provided on the right side of scraper 1 in the argon environment, and a suction mechanism of the same size is provided on the left side of scraper 3), the purpose is to effectively remove the splash and smoke brought by the laser sintering metal powder during the forming process, which can effectively reduce printing defects such as slag inclusions and pores. However, due to the large width of the forming cylinder, it is often not adsorbed smoothly, and stays too much in the printing area after forming, which seriously affects the forming quality of the next layer. The strip powder accumulation formed by the continuous scraper can effectively gather splash and smoke under the action of the wind field, and the strip powder accumulation can be scraped off smoothly under the action of the next arc scraper, so the printing quality of the parts can be effectively improved.
[0040] Example 2
[0041] A SLM multi-row arc scraper rapid prototyping method provided in this embodiment includes:
[0042] In the preliminary preparation stage, the forming substrate 6 is fixed to the forming cylinder through the thread 12, the powder supply cylinder 10 is sunk, the amount of metal powder is calculated according to the model size and filled into the powder supply cylinder 10, the scraper height is adjusted according to the layer thickness requirements of the printing parameters, and three groups of arc scrapers are linked to scrape the powder from bottom to top to flatten the upper layer of metal powder in the powder supply cylinder 10, and the excess metal powder is recovered into the horizontal powder collecting groove 5. At the same time, the first layer of powder of the forming substrate 6 is completed, the forming cylinder sinks one slicing distance, and the powder supply cylinder 10 rises one slicing distance.
[0043] When the three-dimensional model is sliced and layered, the printing order is from right to left, which is consistent with the flow mode of the wind field. The printing process of the metal sample 8 in the forming area 1 is started, and after completion, the printing process of the metal sample in the forming area 2 is started. At the same time, the arc scraper 1 starts to spread the powder and completes the powder spreading work in the forming area 1; after the printing of the forming area 2 is completed, the printing process of the metal sample in the forming area 3 is carried out, and the arc scraper 2 starts to spread the powder and completes the powder spreading work in the forming area 2; after the printing of the forming area 3 is completed, the printing process of the forming area 1 is quickly started. At this time, the arc scraper 3 starts to spread the powder and completes the powder spreading work in the forming area 3. At the same time, during the printing of the forming area 1 or the forming area 2, the forming cylinder slowly and slightly sinks one slicing distance. At this time, the laser automatically identifies the focus position, and the powder supply cylinder 10 rises one slicing distance. The above-mentioned powder spreading printing method is cycled layer by layer, and finally the entire printing process of all slicing layers of the part is completed.
[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A SLM multi-row arc scraper device, characterized in that: include: Curved scraper assembly, scraper blade (4); The arc scraper group is provided with three arc scrapers, each arc scraper is provided with a scraper blade (4) below, each arc scraper has the same structure, and is respectively denoted as: a first arc scraper (1), a second arc scraper (2), and a third arc scraper (3); The right end of the arc scraper is provided with an angle structure, the left end is provided with a smooth surface, and the arc connecting surface is between the left and right ends; The first arc scraper 1 and the second arc scraper (2) are fixed on the right running guide rail (11), and the arc scraper (3) is fixed on the left running guide rail (11).
2. The SLM multi-row arc scraper device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three arc-shaped scrapers are controlled and operated by three sets of external motors.
3. The SLM multi-row arc scraper device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three arc-shaped scrapers are provided with a certain overlapping area on the vertical projection plane of the forming cylinder.
4. The SLM multi-row arc scraper device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The scraper blades (4) are fixed by a locking device under each arc-shaped scraper.
5. The SLM multi-row arc scraper device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each set of curved scrapers is set up to operate independently.
6. The SLM multi-row arc scraper device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Three sets of curved scrapers are arranged to run in conjunction.
7. A SLM multi-row arc scraper rapid prototyping method, characterized in that: The rapid prototyping method is implemented based on the SLM multi-row arc scraper device in claim 4, and specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: fix the forming substrate (6) into the forming cylinder, sink the powder supply cylinder (10), and adjust the height of the three arc scrapers according to the printing parameter layer thickness requirements; Step 2: three groups of arc scrapers scrape powder from bottom to top in a coordinated manner to scrape the upper layer of metal powder in the powder supply cylinder (10) flat, and the excess metal powder is recovered into the horizontal powder collecting groove (5). At the same time, the first layer of powder on the forming substrate (6) is spread, the forming cylinder sinks one layer of slicing distance, and the powder supply cylinder (10) rises one layer of slicing distance; Step 3: After the 3D model is sliced and layered, the printing process is first performed in forming area 01 from right to left. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 01 during the printing process and performs printing of forming area 02, the first curved scraper (1) performs the powder spreading task of forming area 01. The powder spreading operation does not interfere with the laser scanning of the next area. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 02 during the printing process and performs printing of forming area 03, the second curved scraper (2) performs the powder spreading task of the second forming area 02. When the laser completes the printing task of forming area 03, it will quickly jump to the next slice printing and start the printing task of forming area 01.