A magnetic control plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device and a surfacing method

Abstract

The application discloses a magnetic control plasma arc wire powder synergic surfacing device and a surfacing method. The device comprises a welding gun fixing support, a welding gun arranged on the welding gun fixing support and used for realizing metallurgical combination between a base material and cladding metal, the welding gun comprises a welding gun pipe, a non-consumable welding electrode fixed in the welding gun pipe by an insulation clamping sleeve and an inner nozzle assembly arranged between the welding gun pipe and the welding electrode, the inner nozzle assembly is provided with a powder feeding port, a shielding gas nozzle and an ion gas nozzle, and / or a wire feeding mechanism arranged on the welding gun fixing support and used for feeding the cladding metal to the surface of the base material. The application has the advantages that the electric arc is controllable, the direction and speed of the cladding metal entering the molten pool and other parameters can be adjusted, the surfacing process is stable, the chemical composition of the cladding layer is adjustable and controllable, the cladding speed is high, the robot surfacing can be realized, the automation degree of the surfacing is improved, and the labor cost of the surfacing is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of metal material surfacing, and particularly relates to a magnetic control plasma arc wire-powder collaborative surfacing device and a surfacing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Arc surfacing is a common material surface modification technology. It uses the heat generated by an electric arc to melt the base material and the cladding metal (wire or powder), so that the base material and the cladding metal are metallurgically combined, thereby obtaining a surface cladding layer with special properties. This method is currently widely used in petrochemical equipment, aerospace, weapons industry, energy and power equipment, etc. For example, surfacing of corrosion-resistant coatings on the inner wall of oil pipelines, surfacing of wear-resistant coatings on the guide teeth of tank track plates, surfacing repair of damaged gas turbine blades, etc. However, the current method has the following problems: 1) During the surfacing process, the cladding metal is usually one of wire or powder, and the cladding metal composition is single, making it difficult to obtain a surfacing layer metal with composite properties; 2) When using powder surfacing, a large part of the cladded powder will be blown away before entering the molten pool under the action of the welding shielding gas, reducing the utilization rate of the powder; 3) During the surfacing process, the direction and rate of the cladding metal entering the molten pool are random and uncontrollable, leading to unstable performance of the cladding layer; 4) In order to obtain a surfacing process with good forming (front forming and cross-sectional morphology), appropriate dilution rate, and stable surfacing process, the welding arc energy, wire (or powder) feeding speed, and wire (or powder) feeding angle need to be precisely controlled, and the parameters interact with each other, making the debugging process complex; 5) The wire or powder feeding alone has low cladding rate and low arc energy utilization rate; 6) The arc is easily affected by the surrounding magnetic field during the surfacing process, making the surfacing process unstable and leading to various surfacing defects; 7) Most surfacing welding guns are bulky and can only be used for surfacing on special machines, with low surfacing automation. These problems limit the application of arc surfacing in industrial production.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a magnetic control plasma arc wire-powder collaborative surfacing device that is controllable in terms of arc, direction, and rate of the cladding metal entering the molten pool, has a stable surfacing process, and has adjustable and controllable chemical composition of the cladding layer and high cladding rate. With the designed magnetic control plasma arc wire-powder collaborative surfacing device, robot surfacing can be realized, the degree of automation of surfacing can be improved, and the labor cost of surfacing can be reduced. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a magnetic control plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing welding device and a collaborative surfacing welding method, in which the arc is controllable, parameters such as the direction and rate of the cladding metal entering the molten pool can be adjusted, the surfacing process is stable, the chemical composition of the cladding layer is adjustable and controllable, and the cladding rate is high. With the help of the designed magnetic control plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing welding device, robot surfacing can be realized, the degree of automation of surfacing welding can be improved, and the labor cost of surfacing welding can be reduced.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical measures:

[0006] The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device of the present invention is characterized by comprising:

[0007] Welding gun fixing bracket;

[0008] A welding gun is arranged on a welding gun fixing bracket for achieving metallurgical bonding between a base material and a cladding metal, the welding gun comprising a welding gun tube, a non-consumable welding electrode wrapped by an insulating clamping kit and fixed in the welding gun tube, and an inner nozzle assembly arranged between the welding gun tube and the welding electrode, the inner nozzle assembly is provided with a powder feeding port, a shielding gas nozzle and an ion gas nozzle; the welding gun tube comprises an electromagnetic field generator surrounding at least a portion of the welding electrode for generating a magnetron magnetic field between the base material and the cladding metal, and an outer nozzle surrounding at least a portion of the electromagnetic field generator, a cavity is defined between the electromagnetic field generator and the welding electrode, the inner nozzle assembly is arranged at the lower portion of the cavity close to the base material, and a conductive sleeve electrically connected to the welding electrode is arranged at the upper portion of the cavity away from the base material, the conductive sleeve is provided with a powder pipe joint connected to the powder feeding port, a shielding gas pipe joint connected to the shielding gas nozzle, an ion gas pipe joint connected to the ion gas nozzle and a water-cooled cable joint; and / or

[0009] A wire feeding mechanism is provided on the welding gun fixing bracket and is used to feed the cladding metal to the surface of the substrate.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the welding gun mounting bracket is used to secure the welding gun and wire feeder. Connected to the robot, the mounting bracket can drive the welding gun and wire feeder along a pre-set trajectory. The mounting bracket is a gooseneck structure, equipped with a mounting hole for the wire feeder, a mounting surface for connection to the robot, a welding gun mounting hole, positioning holes, and routing holes for conveniently arranging various welding gun pipelines. All pipelines associated with the welding gun are routed within the mounting bracket, facilitating flexible movement of the welding gun driven by the robot.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the electromagnetic field generator comprises a core shaft and an electromagnetic coil, the core shaft comprises an integrally formed shaft head and a hollow column extending along the axial direction of the shaft head, the upper end of the shaft head away from the base material is connected with the conductive sleeve, and the lower end surface of the shaft head close to the base material is crimped with the end of the outer nozzle away from the base material; the hollow column is inserted between the outer nozzle and the insulation clamping sleeve, an annular cavity is arranged between the hollow column and the insulation clamping sleeve, the top of the annular cavity is blocked by the conductive sleeve, and the lower part of the annular cavity is blocked by the inner nozzle assembly; a fluid chamber is arranged between the hollow column and the outer nozzle, and a shielding gas flow passage for communicating the annular cavity and the shielding gas nozzle is arranged between the lower end of the hollow column and the lower end of the inner nozzle assembly, and shielding gas can flow into the fluid chamber and the shielding gas flow passage from the shielding gas connector in sequence and then sprayed on the surface of the base material.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the electromagnetic field generator can arrange different types of electromagnetic coils according to requirements, so as to obtain different types of magnetic fields, such as winding electromagnetic coils on the outer peripheral wall of the hollow column of the electromagnetic field generator or directly placing electromagnetic coils in the fluid chamber and fixing them by using coil fixing holes. The current flowing into the electromagnetic coil can be direct current, alternating current, pulse current or other special waveform current, so as to realize accurate regulation and control of the direction and strength of the magnetic field.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the outer nozzle is provided with a first water and electricity connector and a second water and electricity connector for communicating with the fluid chamber, the cooling medium is transported to the fluid chamber through the first water and electricity connector and discharged through the second water and electricity connector, and the wiring end of the electromagnetic coil is led to the outside of the fluid chamber and connected with an external power source through the first water and electricity connector and / or the second water and electricity connector. The present application adopts a water and electricity integrated form, and through the first water and electricity connector and the second water and electricity connector, the cooling of the outer nozzle and the core shaft and the energization of the electromagnetic coil can be realized, the required magnetic control magnetic field is obtained, the cooling water is introduced into the fluid chamber, the electromagnetic coil, the core shaft and the outer nozzle can be cooled at the same time, and the cooling effect is good.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the insulation clamping sleeve comprises a welding electrode sleeve, an inner sleeve, an insulation spacer and an outer sleeve which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the welding electrode is inserted into the welding electrode sleeve, and the insulation spacer is provided with a plurality of buffer channels communicated with the inner nozzle assembly; the outer sleeve is sleeved on the lower part of the insulation spacer, the conductive sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the insulation spacer, and the upper end of the outer sleeve away from the base material is closely inserted between the conductive sleeve and the insulation spacer.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the axial lengths of the welding electrode sleeve, the inner sleeve, the insulation spacer and the outer sleeve gradually decrease.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the inner nozzle assembly is a split nozzle, comprising an upper nozzle component and a lower nozzle component assembled at the lower end of the upper nozzle component, the upper nozzle component being provided with a first through hole and a middle powder delivery channel, a middle protective gas delivery channel, a lower ion gas delivery channel, and a lower water-cooling connection channel arranged circumferentially around the through hole; the lower nozzle component being provided with a second through hole, a lower powder delivery channel connected one-to-one with the middle powder delivery channel, and a lower protective gas delivery channel corresponding one-to-one to and connected with the middle protective gas delivery channel, the lower ion gas delivery channel being connected to the second through hole of the lower nozzle component through the buffer channel on the insulating spacer, and the middle protective gas delivery channel being connected to the annular cavity. The middle powder feeding channel of the upper nozzle component and the lower powder feeding channel of the combined lower nozzle component together form a complete powder feeding channel. The cladding powder flows through the powder feeding pipe, the upper powder feeding channel, and the middle powder feeding channel in sequence via the powder pipe joint, and is ejected through the ion gas nozzle; the shielding gas flows through the annular cavity, the middle shielding gas conveying channel, the lower shielding gas conveying channel, and the shielding gas flow chamber in sequence via the shielding gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the shielding gas nozzle; the ion gas flows through the ion gas conveying pipe, the upper ion gas conveying channel, and the lower powder feeding channel in sequence via the ion gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the powder feeding port.

[0017] As a preference of the present application, the shielding gas nozzle ring is arranged on the periphery of the ion gas nozzle, and the powder feeding port is arranged between the shielding gas nozzle and the ion gas nozzle.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, a buffer cavity is processed on the outer wall of the lower part of the insulating spacer, and the buffer cavity separates the insulating spacer into an upper section and a lower section. The lower section is circumferentially provided with a plurality of buffer channels extending in the axial direction of the insulating spacer. The inlet of the buffer channel is connected to the lower ion gas transport channel of the upper nozzle component through the buffer cavity, and the outlet of the buffer channel is connected to the second through hole.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the conductive sleeve is provided with an upper powder feeding channel, an upper protective gas conveying channel, an upper ion gas conveying channel, and an upper water-cooling connecting channel, and the upper end of the upper powder feeding channel is equipped with a powder pipe joint, the upper end of the upper protective gas conveying channel is equipped with a protective gas pipe joint, the upper end of the upper ion gas conveying channel is equipped with an ion gas pipe joint, and the upper end of the upper water-cooling connecting channel is equipped with a water-cooled cable joint. The upper powder feeding channel, the powder feeding pipe, the middle powder feeding channel and the lower powder feeding channel are connected in sequence to form a complete powder feeding channel, the lower end of the upper protective gas conveying channel is connected with the annular cavity, the upper ion gas conveying channel, the ion gas conveying pipe, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel and the lower ion gas conveying channel are connected in sequence to form a complete ion gas injection channel, and the lower end of the upper water-cooling connecting channel is connected to the water-cooling connecting channel of the upper nozzle component through a water-cooling connecting pipe to form a complete cooling channel.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, an annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the conductive sleeve, and the conductive sleeve is fixed to the shaft head of the iron core shaft by a round head ejector pin. Under the action of the thread, the round head ejector pin is embedded in the annular groove of the outer wall of the conductive sleeve, which can not only realize the connection between the iron core shaft and the conductive sleeve, but also facilitate the adjustment of the circumferential relative position between the two, thereby realizing the adjustment of the powder feeding direction. The present application is illustrated by taking two powder feeding ports as an example, and the powder feeding ports are circular holes of equal size. The powder feeding direction is defined as the angle between the line connecting the projections of the two powder feeding ports on the surface of the substrate and the surfacing direction. The powder feeding angle is defined as the angle between the axis of the powder feeding port and the horizontal plane. The powder feeding angle depends on the angle of the powder feeding port on the inner nozzle. The adjustment of the powder feeding angle is realized by replacing the inner nozzle with powder feeding ports of different angles.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the welding gun further includes a pressing mechanism, which includes a protective cover and a pressure head. The protective cover is arranged at the upper end of the welding gun tube away from the base material, and is used to cover the welding electrode and the conductive sleeve located outside the welding gun tube; the lower part of the pressure head is passed through the protective cover and connected to the welding electrode jacket, and is used to crimp the welding electrode into the welding gun tube.

[0022] As a preference of the present application, the wire feeding mechanism includes a position adjustment mechanism provided on the welding gun fixing bracket for adjusting the position of the cladding metal wire and a wire guide assembly provided on the position adjustment mechanism for feeding the cladding metal wire to the substrate to be processed.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the position adjustment mechanism includes a longitudinal adjustment mechanism and a transverse adjustment mechanism arranged on the longitudinal adjustment mechanism, the longitudinal adjustment mechanism includes a mounting plate, a longitudinal adjustment slide and a longitudinal adjustment screw, the longitudinal adjustment slide is slidably arranged on the mounting plate, the longitudinal adjustment screw is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate, the longitudinal adjustment screw is passed through the longitudinal adjustment slide and is threadedly connected to the longitudinal adjustment slide, for driving the longitudinal adjustment slide to move along the central axis direction of the welding gun; the transverse adjustment mechanism includes a transverse adjustment slide and a transverse adjustment screw, the transverse adjustment slide is slidably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide, the transverse adjustment screw is rotatably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide, the transverse adjustment screw is passed through the transverse adjustment slide and is threadedly connected to the transverse adjustment slide, for driving the transverse adjustment slide to move in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the welding gun.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the wire guide assembly includes a connecting rod, a fixing clamp and a wire guide nozzle. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the lateral adjustment slide, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the fixing clamp that clamps the wire guide nozzle through a hinge to adjust the wire feeding angle.

[0025] The cladding powder of the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative cladding device described in the present application flows through the upper powder feeding channel, powder feeding pipe, middle powder feeding channel, and lower powder feeding channel in sequence through the powder pipe joint, and is ejected through the powder feeding port; the shielding gas flows through the upper shielding gas delivery channel, annular cavity, middle shielding gas delivery channel, lower shielding gas delivery channel, and shielding gas circulation chamber in sequence through the shielding gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the shielding gas nozzle; the ionized gas flows through the upper ionized gas delivery channel, ionized gas delivery pipe, lower ionized gas delivery channel, buffer cavity, buffer channel, and second through hole in sequence through the ionized gas pipe joint, and is ejected through the ionized gas nozzle; the coolant is fed into an upper water-cooling connection channel, a water-cooling connection pipe, the lower water-cooling connection channel, and the cooling cavity in sequence through the water-cooling cable joint, and then is sent out from another water-cooling connection pipe, the upper water-cooling connection channel, and the water-cooling cable joint to complete the coolant circulation. The entire welding gun integrates powder feeding, ionized gas, shielding gas, and coolant delivery in one, with a simple structure and diverse functions. Furthermore, this application utilizes arc heat generated by a plasma arc welding torch to melt the substrate and cladding metal. The cladding metal is then fed into a molten pool, achieving a metallurgical bond between the cladding metal and the substrate, thereby producing a cladding layer with unique properties. For example, the cladding layer can improve its surface hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, and fatigue resistance. It can also be used to repair damaged substrate surfaces and for additive manufacturing of components.

[0026] The present application discloses a surfacing method using the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0027] Determine the type and amount of cladding metal to be introduced based on the substrate material and the required composite properties;

[0028] Fix the substrate on the workbench, adjust the welding gun to the set position, and then use the built-in and external inert gases of the welding gun to provide real-time tracking gas protection to the substrate's processing area;

[0029] The welding gun of the base material and the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative cladding device is energized, and a controllable arc is formed between the welding gun and the base material, and the arc is compressed to form a plasma arc;

[0030] The cladding metal powder is delivered to the welding area on the substrate surface in a set state. Under the action of the plasma arc, the substrate and the cladding metal powder are melted, so that the substrate and the cladding metal powder are fused with each other;

[0031] The arc of the welding gun is extinguished, and the part of the substrate to be processed is cooled under the protection of the shielding gas sprayed by the welding gun, and a cladding layer is formed on the surface of the substrate.

[0032] As a preference of the present application, during the substrate processing, the arc axis needs to remain perpendicular to the surface of the substrate to be processed.

[0033] As preferred in the present application, the cladding metal wire is fed to the substrate to be processed during the process of fusing the substrate and the cladding metal powder with each other. The wire feeding mechanism can adjust the wire feeding position and angle of the cladding metal wire.

[0034] As preferred in the present application, the cladding metal wire and the cladding metal powder can adopt different materials with different properties as the cladding material, so as to obtain a cladding layer with composite properties. For example, the combination of a wire material with good toughness and a powder with high hardness can obtain a composite cladding layer with high hardness and good toughness, avoiding the problem of poor toughness of a pure high-hardness material.

[0035] As preferred in the present application, the working current introduced by the welding torch is a variable polarity current, which can introduce different types of electromagnetic fields to control the arc during the cladding process to achieve different cladding purposes.

[0036] As preferred in the present application, the arc is a compressed arc, a beam-expanding arc, etc. By adjusting the working state of the welding torch (including the processing position and working angle of the welding torch) by the robot, further left and right swinging and forward and backward swinging of the arc are realized, and then the state of the cladding metal powder entering the molten pool of the substrate (including the spraying direction, spraying angle and spraying speed of the cladding metal powder) is adjusted by the magnetic field, so as to adjust the forming and properties of the cladding layer. By adjusting the direction of the inner nozzle, the powder feeding direction can be adjusted, so as to adjust the forming of the cladding layer, such as the width, thickness and dilution rate of a single cladding layer.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0038] 1. The welding torch has a compact structure and good weld accessibility, and can be used for robot surfacing;

[0039] 2. The wire-powder collaborative surfacing has a high surfacing rate and high arc energy utilization rate;

[0040] 3. The magnetic control arc can obtain different arc states, which is conducive to adjusting the properties, thickness and width of the cladding layer;

[0041] 4. The magnetic control arc can also improve the proportion of the cladding metal entering the molten pool and improve the utilization rate of the cladding metal;

[0042] 5. The powder is fed inside the welding torch, which greatly reduces the structure size of the wire-powder collaborative surfacing system and improves the weld accessibility;

[0043] 6. The wire-powder integrated collaborative surfacing can well adjust the properties of the cladding layer and obtain composite cladding layer properties;

[0044] 7. By adjusting the direction of the inner nozzle assembly, the angle and direction of the build-up welding can be easily adjusted, thereby facilitating the shaping of the cladding;

[0045] 8. The wire feeding mechanism has simple structure and the wire feeding position is convenient to adjust;

[0046] 9. The specially designed welding gun fixing support facilitates the connection between the welding gun and the robot and can greatly improve the operable space of welding.

[0047] 10. The electromagnetic field introduced by the welding gun can also act on the molten pool, realizing the regulation and control of the microstructure and performance of the cladding metal and improving the microstructure and performance of the cladding layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the synergic build-up welding method of the application.

[0049] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the synergic build-up welding device of the application.

[0050] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the welding gun fixing support of the application.

[0051] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the welding gun of the application.

[0052] Figure 5 is a front view of the welding gun of the application.

[0053] Figure 6 is one of the longitudinal sectional views of the welding gun of the application.

[0054] Figure 7 is the second longitudinal sectional view of the welding gun of the application.

[0055] Figure 8 is Figure 5 one of the enlarged views.

[0056] Figure 9 is Figure 5 the second enlarged view.

[0057] Figure 10 is one of the connection schematic diagrams of the conductive sleeve and the inner nozzle assembly of the application.

[0058] Figure 11 is the second connection schematic diagram of the conductive sleeve and the inner nozzle assembly of the application.

[0059] Figure 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the welding gun tube of the application.

[0060] Figure 13 is a partial sectional view of the welding gun tube of the application.

[0061] Figure 14 Structure diagram of the iron core shaft of the present application.

[0062] Figure 15 Structure diagram of the iron core shaft of the present application.

[0063] Figure 16 Structure diagram of the outer nozzle of the present application.

[0064] Figure 17 Structure diagram of the conductive sleeve of the present application.

[0065] Figure 18 Structure diagram of the inner nozzle assembly of the present application.

[0066] Figure 19 Partial sectional view of the inner nozzle assembly of the present application.

[0067] Figure 20 Structure diagram of the upper nozzle member of the present application.

[0068] Figure 21 Structure diagram of the lower nozzle member of the present application.

[0069] Figure 22 Partial sectional view of the lower nozzle member of the present application.

[0070] Figure 23 Structure diagram of the insulation spacer sleeve of the present application.

[0071] Figure 24 Partial enlarged view of the insulation spacer sleeve of the present application.

[0072] Figure 25 Structure diagram of the wire feeding mechanism of the present application.

[0073] Figure 26 Structure diagram of the longitudinal adjustment slide plate of the present application.

[0074] Figure 27 Structure diagram of the mounting plate of the present application.

[0075] Figure 28 Powder feeding direction diagram of the present application.

[0076] In the drawings:

[0077] 1-welding gun fixing support; 11-wire feeding mechanism mounting hole; 12-mounting surface; 13-welding gun mounting hole; 14-positioning hole; 15-wire routing hole;

[0078] 2-welding torch; 21-welding torch tube; 22-welding electrode; 221-tips; 23-insulating clamping sleeve; 24-inner nozzle assembly; 25-water-cooled cable joint; 26-conductive sleeve; 27-powder pipe joint; 28-protective gas pipe joint; 29-ion gas pipe joint; 200-cable joint; 201-outer nozzle; 202-iron core shaft; 2021-shaft head; 2022-hollow column; 2023-third ring groove; 2024-coil fixing hole; 203-first water and electricity joint; 204-second water and electricity joint; 205-fluid chamber; 231-welding electrode clamping sleeve; 232-inner sleeve; 233-insulating spacer sleeve; 234-outer sleeve; 2331-buffer channel; 2332-buffer cavity; 241-upper nozzle component; 242-lower nozzle component; 2411-first through hole; 2412-middle powder feeding channel; 2413-middle protective gas feeding channel; 2414-lower ion gas feeding channel; 2415-lower water cooling connection channel; 2416-annular insertion part; 2417-first ring groove; 2421-second through hole; 2422-lower powder feeding channel; 2423-cooling cavity; 2424-inner annular part; 2425-outer annular part; 2426-second ring groove; 2427-lower protective gas feeding channel; 261-upper powder feeding channel; 262-upper protective gas feeding channel; 263-upper ion gas feeding channel; 264-upper water cooling connection channel; 266-round head thimble; 267-annular groove;

[0079] 3-wire feeding mechanism; 31-position adjusting mechanism; 32-wire guide assembly; 311-longitudinal adjusting mechanism; 312-lateral adjusting mechanism; 3111-mounting plate; 3112-longitudinal adjusting sliding plate; 3113-longitudinal adjusting screw; 3114-dovetail groove; 3115-convex strip; 3121-lateral adjusting sliding plate; 3122-lateral adjusting screw; 321-connecting rod; 322-fixing clamp; 323-wire guide nozzle;

[0080] 4-pressing mechanism; 41-protective cover; 42-pressing head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] The above embodiments of the present application will be outlined and described in detail with specific reference to the drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of the present application and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present application, for the present application is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that specific

[0082] It should be noted that the process equipment or devices not specifically mentioned in the following examples are all conventional equipment or devices in the art.

[0083] Furthermore, it should be understood that the steps of the methodologies recited in this application do not require the steps to be performed in the exact order disclosed unless otherwise specified; also, it should be understood that the combination of one or more devices recited in this application does not require the devices to be physically combined unless otherwise specified. Moreover, unless otherwise specified, the numbering of the steps of the methodologies is merely a convenient mechanism for distinguishing between the steps and does not require the steps to be performed in the exact order disclosed, nor does it limit the scope of the application to only those embodiments that can be practiced using the exact order disclosed. Alterations or modifications to the relative arrangement of the steps, when such alterations or modifications do not materially alter the technical content of the application, are deemed to be within the scope of the application.

[0084] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein the same or like reference numerals and characters throughout the figures denote the same elements or elements having the same function. The embodiments described below are merely exemplary for the purpose of explaining this application and are not to be construed as limiting this application.

[0085] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "axial", "circumferential" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely intended to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the present application. In addition, features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0086] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication between the two elements inside. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0087] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiment", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the exemplary description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0088] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto.

[0089] As shown in Figures 2 to 26 , a magnetic control plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device, comprising:

[0090] a welding gun fixing support 1;

[0091] a welding gun 2 provided on the welding gun fixing support 1 for realizing metallurgical bonding between the base material and the cladding metal, the welding gun 2 comprising a welding gun pipe 21, a non-consumable welding electrode 22 fixed in the welding gun pipe 21 by an insulating clamping sleeve 23, and an inner nozzle assembly 24 provided between the welding gun pipe 21 and the welding electrode 22, the welding gun pipe 21 being provided with an electromagnetic field generator surrounding at least part of the welding electrode 22 for generating a magnetic control magnetic field between the base material and the cladding metal, a cavity being defined between the electromagnetic field generator and the welding electrode 22, a lower part of the cavity close to the base material being provided with the inner nozzle assembly 24, the inner nozzle assembly 24 being provided with a powder feeding port, a shielding gas injection port and an ion gas injection port; an upper part of the cavity away from the base material being provided with a conductive sleeve 26 in electrical communication with the welding electrode 22, the conductive sleeve 26 being provided with a powder pipe joint 27 in communication with the powder feeding port, a shielding gas pipe joint 28 in communication with the shielding gas injection port, an ion gas pipe joint 29 in communication with the ion gas injection port and a water-cooled cable joint 25; and / or

[0092] a wire feeding mechanism 3 provided on the welding gun fixing support 1 for feeding the cladding metal to the surface of the base material.

[0093] As shown, the welding gun fixing support 1 is used to fix the welding gun 2 and the wire feeding mechanism 3, and the welding gun fixing support 1 is connected with the robot, which can drive the welding gun 2 and the wire feeding mechanism 3 to move according to the set trajectory. The welding gun fixing support 1 has a goose neck structure, a Z-shaped structure or a Z-like structure, and is provided with a wire feeding mechanism mounting hole 11, a mounting surface 12 connected with the robot, a welding gun mounting hole 13, a positioning hole 14 and a wire routing hole 15 for facilitating the arrangement of various pipelines of the welding gun. The pipelines related to the welding gun are routed inside the welding gun fixing support, which facilitates the flexible movement of the welding gun under the driving of the robot.

[0094] As shown in Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 10 , the lower end of the welding electrode 22 close to the base material is a tapered tip 221, which is accommodated in the inner nozzle assembly.

[0095] As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the welding gun tube 21 includes an electromagnetic field generator and an outer nozzle 201, the electromagnetic field generator includes a core shaft 202 and an electromagnetic coil, the core shaft 202 includes an integral shaft head 2021 and a hollow column 2022 extending along the axial direction of the shaft head 2021, the upper end of the shaft head 2021 away from the base material is connected with the conductive sleeve 26, and the lower end surface of the shaft head 2021 close to the base material is press-contacted with the end portion of the outer nozzle 201 away from the base material; the hollow column 2022 is inserted between the outer nozzle 201 and the insulation clamping sleeve 23, and an annular cavity is arranged between the hollow column 2022 and the insulation clamping sleeve 23, the top of the annular cavity is blocked by the conductive sleeve 26, and the lower part of the annular cavity is blocked by the inner nozzle assembly 24; a fluid chamber 205 is arranged between the hollow column 2022 and the outer nozzle 201, and a protection gas flow passage room communicating with the annular cavity and the protection gas nozzle is arranged between the lower end of the hollow column 2022 and the lower end portion of the inner nozzle assembly 24; the outer peripheral wall of the hollow column 2022 is wound with an electromagnetic coil or the electromagnetic coil is directly placed in the fluid chamber and fixed by a coil fixing hole 2024; the outer nozzle 201 is provided with a first water and electricity connector 201 and a second water and electricity connector 202 communicating with the fluid chamber, the cooling medium is transported to the fluid chamber through the first water and electricity connector 201 and discharged through the second water and electricity connector 202, and the wiring end of the electromagnetic coil is led to the outside of the fluid chamber and connected with the external power supply through the first water and electricity connector 201 and / or the second water and electricity connector 202.

[0096] As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the insulation clamping sleeve 23 includes a welding electrode sleeve 231, an inner sleeve 232, an insulation spacer 233 and an outer sleeve 234 which are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, the welding electrode 22 is inserted into the welding electrode sleeve 231, and the insulation spacer 233 is provided with a plurality of buffer channels 2331 communicating with the inner nozzle assembly 24; the outer sleeve 234 is sleeved on the lower part of the insulation spacer 233, the conductive sleeve 26 is sleeved on the outside of the insulation spacer 233, and the upper end of the outer sleeve 234 away from the base material is tightly inserted between the conductive sleeve 26 and the insulation spacer 233.

[0097] As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the axial lengths of the welding electrode holder 231, the inner sleeve 232, the insulation spacer 233, and the outer sleeve 234 are gradually reduced.

[0098] As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the cable joint 200 is further inserted into the insulation spacer 233, and sequentially penetrates the insulation spacer 233, the inner sleeve 232, and the welding electrode holder 231 from outside to inside. The cable connected to the welding electrode 22 can be led to the outside of the welding gun from the cable joint 200.

[0099] As shown in Figures 18 to 22 The inner nozzle assembly 24 is a split nozzle, including an upper nozzle member 241 and a lower nozzle member 242 assembled at the lower end of the upper nozzle member 241. The upper nozzle member 241 is provided with a first through hole 2411 and a middle powder conveying channel 2412, a middle protective gas conveying channel 2413, a lower ion gas conveying channel 2414, and a lower water cooling connection channel 2415 arranged around the through hole in the circumferential direction. The lower nozzle member 242 is provided with a second through hole 2421, a cooling cavity 2423 around the second through hole 2421, a lower powder conveying channel 2422 corresponding to the middle powder conveying channel 2412, and a lower protective gas conveying channel 2427 corresponding to the middle protective gas conveying channel 2413. The lower ion gas conveying channel 2414 is communicated with the second through hole 2421 of the lower nozzle member 242 through the buffer channel 2331 of the insulation spacer 233. The middle protective gas conveying channel 2413 is sequentially communicated with the lower protective gas conveying channel 2427 and the annular cavity. The lower water cooling connection channel 2415 is communicated with the cooling cavity.

[0100] As shown in Figures 18 to 20 The lower end of the upper nozzle member 241 is provided with an annular insertion part 2416 which is adapted to the second through hole 2421 of the lower nozzle member 242.

[0101] As shown in Figure 20 The outer ring wall of the annular insertion part 2416 is provided with a first ring groove 2417.

[0102] As shown in Figure 19As shown, the lower nozzle member 242 is provided with a special-shaped cooling cavity 2423 which is inserted into the annular insertion part 2416 of the upper nozzle member 241, the cooling cavity 2423 is open at the top end and closed at the bottom end, and the cooling cavity 2423 divides the lower nozzle member 242 into an inner annular part 2424 and an outer annular part 2425 which are coaxially arranged opposite to each other, and the outer wall of the inner annular part is provided with a second annular groove 2426.

[0103] As shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15 , the outer annular wall of the hollow column 2022 of the core shaft is provided with a third annular groove 2023.

[0104] In order to ensure the sealing of the upper nozzle member 241 and the lower nozzle member 242, the core shaft and the outer nozzle, sealing rings can be loaded into the first annular groove 2417, the second annular groove 2426 and the third annular groove 2023.

[0105] As shown in Figures 18 to 22 , the lower nozzle member 242 is provided with one or more pairs of lower powder conveying channels 2422, and the pairs of lower powder conveying channels 2422 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second through hole 2421.

[0106] As shown in Figures 18 to 22 , the lower powder conveying channel 2422 includes a straight powder conveying channel and an inclined powder conveying channel which are integrally formed, and the upper end of the straight powder conveying channel is connected with the middle powder conveying channel 2412 of the upper nozzle member 241.

[0107] As shown in Figures 18 to 20 , the angle between the inclined powder conveying channel and the vertical direction is in the range of 0-60°.

[0108] As shown in Figures 18 to 20 , the aperture size of the lower powder conveying channel 2422 is 1-5 mm.

[0109] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 23 and Figure 25 , the outer wall of the lower part of the insulation sleeve 233 is provided with a ring-shaped buffer cavity 2332, the buffer cavity 2332 divides the insulation sleeve 233 into an upper section and a lower section, the lower section is provided with a plurality of buffer channels 2331 which extend along the axis direction of the insulation sleeve 233 in the circumferential direction, the inlet of the buffer channel 2331 is connected with the lower ion gas conveying channel 2414 of the upper nozzle member 241 through the buffer cavity, and the outlet of the buffer channel 2331 is connected with the second through hole 2421.

[0110] Figure 23 and Figure 25 As shown, the bottom end pipe opening of the insulating sleeve 233 and the bottom end pipe opening of the lower nozzle component 242 are both constricted structures, which can prevent the lower nozzle component 242 from escaping from the insulating sleeve 233.

[0111] like Figure 11 As shown, the conductive sleeve 26 is provided with an upper powder feeding channel 261, an upper protective gas conveying channel 262, an upper ion gas conveying channel 263, and an upper water-cooling connecting channel 264, and the upper end of the upper powder feeding channel 261 is equipped with a powder pipe joint 27, the upper end of the upper protective gas conveying channel 262 is equipped with a protective gas pipe joint 28, the upper end of the upper ion gas conveying channel 263 is equipped with an ion gas pipe joint 29, and the upper end of the upper water-cooling connecting channel 264 is equipped with a water-cooling cable joint 25. The upper powder feeding channel 261, the powder feeding pipe, the middle powder feeding channel The channel 2412 is connected with the lower powder feeding channel 2422 in sequence to form a complete powder feeding channel, the lower end of the upper protective gas conveying channel 262 is connected with the annular cavity, the upper ion gas conveying channel 263, the ion gas conveying pipe, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel 2331 and the lower ion gas conveying channel 2414 are connected in sequence to form a complete ion gas injection channel, the upper water-cooling connecting channel 264, the water-cooling connecting pipe, the lower water-cooling connecting channel 2415 of the upper nozzle component 241, and the cooling cavity 2423 are connected in sequence to form a complete cooling channel.

[0112] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the shielding gas nozzle ring is arranged on the periphery of the ion gas nozzle, and the powder feeding port is arranged between the shielding gas nozzle and the ion gas nozzle.

[0113] like Figure 17 As shown, an annular groove 267 is provided on the outer wall of the conductive sleeve 26, and the conductive sleeve 26 is fixed to the shaft head 2021 of the core shaft 202 by a round head ejector pin 266. Under the action of the thread, the round head ejector pin 266 is embedded in the annular groove 267 on the outer wall of the conductive sleeve 26, which can not only realize the connection between the core shaft 202 and the conductive sleeve 26, but also facilitate the adjustment of the circumferential relative position between the two, thereby realizing the adjustment of the powder feeding direction and facilitating the arrangement of the water pipe on the outer nozzle and the electromagnetic coil connection wires. This application is explained by taking two powder feeding ports as an example (for the convenience of distinction, Figure 28(In the figure, they are labeled Powder Port 1 and Powder Port 2, respectively). Powder ports are circular holes of equal size. The powder feeding direction is defined as the angle between the line connecting the projections of the two powder feeding ports on the substrate surface and the cladding direction. The powder feeding angle is defined as the angle between the axis of the powder feeding ports and the horizontal plane. The powder feeding angle is determined by the angle of the powder feeding ports on the inner nozzle. The powder feeding angle can be adjusted by replacing the inner nozzle with powder feeding ports of different angles. The cladding powder flows through the powder pipe joint in sequence through the upper powder feeding channel, the powder feeding pipe, the middle powder feeding channel, and the lower powder feeding channel, and is ejected through the powder feeding port. The shielding gas flows through the shielding gas pipe joint in sequence through the upper shielding gas conveying channel, the annular cavity, the middle shielding gas conveying channel, the lower shielding gas conveying channel, and the shielding gas circulation chamber, and is ejected through the shielding gas nozzle. The ion gas flows through the ion gas pipe joint in sequence through the upper ion gas conveying channel, the ion gas conveying pipe, the lower ion gas conveying channel, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel, and the second through hole, and is ejected through the ion gas nozzle. The coolant is fed through the water-cooling cable joint in sequence from the upper water-cooling connecting channel to the upper water-cooling connecting channel, the water-cooling connecting pipe, the lower water-cooling connecting channel, and the cooling cavity, and then is sent out from another water-cooling connecting pipe, the upper water-cooling connecting channel, and the water-cooling cable joint, completing the coolant circulation. The entire welding gun integrates powder feeding, ion gas, shielding gas, and coolant delivery.

[0114] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the welding gun 2 also includes a pressing mechanism 4, which includes a protective cover 41 and a pressing head 42. The protective cover 41 is arranged at the upper end of the welding gun tube 21 away from the substrate, and is used to cover the welding electrode 22 and the conductive sleeve 26 located outside the welding gun tube 21; the lower part of the pressing head 42 is passed through the protective cover 41 and is connected to the welding electrode jacket 231, and is used to crimp the welding electrode 22 into the welding gun tube 21.

[0115] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the wire feeding mechanism 3 includes a position adjustment mechanism 31 provided on the welding gun fixing bracket 1 for adjusting the position of the cladding metal wire and a wire guide assembly 32 provided on the position adjustment mechanism 31 for feeding the cladding metal wire to the substrate to be processed.

[0116] like Figures 25 to 27As shown, the position adjustment mechanism 31 includes a longitudinal adjustment mechanism 311 and a transverse adjustment mechanism 312 arranged on the longitudinal adjustment mechanism 311, the longitudinal adjustment mechanism 311 includes a mounting plate 3111, a longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 and a longitudinal adjustment screw 3113, the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 is slidably arranged on the mounting plate 3111, the longitudinal adjustment screw 3113 is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate 3111, the longitudinal adjustment screw 3113 is passed through the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 and is threadedly connected to the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 for driving The longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 moves along the central axis of the welding gun 2; the transverse adjustment mechanism 312 includes a transverse adjustment slide 3121 and a transverse adjustment screw 3122, the transverse adjustment slide 3121 is slidably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, and the transverse adjustment screw 3122 is rotatably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, the transverse adjustment screw 3122 is passed through the transverse adjustment slide 3121 and is threadedly connected to the transverse adjustment slide 3121, and is used to drive the transverse adjustment slide 3121 to move in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the welding gun 2.

[0117] like Figure 27 As shown, the mounting plate 3111 is a rectangular plate parallel to the central axis of the welding gun. A waist-shaped hole is provided on the mounting plate 3111. The mounting plate 3111 realizes the connection between the wire feeding mechanism and the welding gun fixing bracket through the waist-shaped hole thereon. The mounting plate 3111 is provided with a dovetail groove 3114 extending along the central axis of the welding gun.

[0118] like Figure 26 As shown, the end surface of the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 facing the mounting plate 3111 is provided with a protrusion 3115 that fits into the dovetail groove 3114. The protrusion 3115 is provided with a threaded hole 3116 extending along the central axis of the welding gun for receiving the longitudinal adjustment screw 3113. The longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 is slidably connected to the mounting plate 3111 via the interlocking protrusion 3115 and dovetail groove 3114. Driven by the longitudinal adjustment screw 3113, the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112 is raised and lowered in the longitudinal direction (i.e., along the central axis of the welding gun) to achieve vertical adjustment of the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112.

[0119] like Figure 25 As shown, the wire guide assembly 32 includes a connecting rod 321, a fixing clamp 322 and a wire guide nozzle 323. One end of the connecting rod 321 is connected to the lateral adjustment slide 3121, and the other end of the connecting rod 321 is connected to the fixing clamp 322 clamping the wire guide nozzle 323 through a hinge 324 for adjusting the wire feeding angle.

[0120] like Figure 26As shown, the end face of the transverse adjustment slide 3121, facing away from the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, is provided with a slot for embracing the connecting rod 321. The connecting rod 321 is inserted into the slot, and the free end of the connecting rod 321 is fitted with a fixing clip 322. The wire feeding angle can be adjusted by adjusting the hinge 324 between the fixing clip 322 and the connecting rod 321. Combined with the movement of the transverse adjustment slide 3121 and the longitudinal adjustment slide 3112, the wire feeding angle and position can be precisely adjusted.

[0121] In some embodiments of the present application, the welding electrode 22 is a tungsten electrode.

[0122] The present application discloses a surfacing method using the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0123] S1 Determine the type and amount of cladding metal to be introduced based on the substrate material and the required composite properties;

[0124] S2 fixes the substrate on the workbench, adjusts the welding gun to the set position, and then uses the built-in and external inert gases of the welding gun to provide real-time tracking gas protection to the substrate's processing area;

[0125] S3 The welding torch of the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative cladding device is energized, and a controllable arc is formed between the welding torch and the substrate. The arc is compressed to form a plasma arc;

[0126] S4 delivers the cladding metal powder to the processing area on the surface of the substrate in a set state. Under the action of the plasma arc, the substrate and the cladding metal powder are melted, so that the substrate and the cladding metal powder are fused with each other;

[0127] S5 The welding torch extinguishes the arc, and the part of the substrate to be processed cools down under the protection of the shielding gas sprayed by the welding torch, forming a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate.

[0128] In some embodiments of the present application, during the fusion process between the substrate and the cladding metal powder, a cladding metal welding wire is fed into the area of ​​the substrate to be processed. The wire feeding mechanism can adjust the feeding position and angle of the cladding metal welding wire.

[0129] In some embodiments of the present application, the cladding powder delivered by the welding gun and the welding wire delivered by the wire feed mechanism can be the same material or different materials. The properties of the two materials can be the same, similar, or complementary, and the properties of the resulting cladding layer can be the properties of a single material or a composite of the two materials.

[0130] Specifically, the cladding metal welding wire and the cladding metal powder can adopt different performance materials as cladding materials, so as to obtain a cladding layer with composite performance. For example, a combination of a wire material with good toughness and a powder with high hardness can obtain a composite cladding layer with high hardness and good toughness, avoiding the problem of poor toughness of a pure high-hardness material.

[0131] The working current introduced by the welding torch is a variable polarity current, which can introduce different types of electromagnetic fields to control the arc during cladding to achieve different cladding purposes.

[0132] The arc is a compressed arc, a beam-expanding arc, etc. By regulating the working state of the welding torch (including the machining position and working angle of the welding torch) by the robot, further left and right swinging and forward and backward swinging of the arc are realized, and then the state of the cladding metal powder entering the molten pool of the base material (including the spraying direction, spraying angle and spraying speed of the cladding metal powder) is regulated by the magnetic field, so that the formation and performance of the cladding layer can be adjusted. By adjusting the direction of the inner nozzle, the powder feeding direction can be adjusted, so that the formation of the cladding layer, such as the width, thickness and dilution rate of a single cladding layer, can be adjusted.

[0133] In the magnetic control plasma arc wire and powder synergistic surfacing device of the present application, the powder feeding direction during surfacing can be adjusted and controlled by rotating the inner nozzle assembly, and the powder feeding angle can also be adjusted and controlled by replacing the inner nozzle. Different magnetic fields are arranged during surfacing to control the arc and the powder fed into the arc. The arc can be compressed, beam-expanding, rotating, etc., and the powder fed into the arc can be increased in temperature, speed, ionization, utilization rate, etc. The magnetic field arranged during surfacing can also act on the molten pool, and through stirring of the two materials in the molten pool, uniform mixing of the two materials can be realized, and refinement of the cladding layer metal can be realized.

[0134] The above examples are intended to illustrate the disclosed embodiments of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application. In addition, various modifications listed herein and changes in the method and composition of the invention are obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. Although the present application has been specifically described in conjunction with various preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to these specific embodiments. In fact, various modifications such as those described above to obtain the invention that are obvious to those skilled in the art should be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device, characterized in that: include: Welding gun fixing bracket (1); A welding gun (2) is arranged on a welding gun fixing bracket (1) for achieving metallurgical bonding between a base material and a cladding metal, the welding gun (2) comprising a welding gun tube (21), a non-consumable welding electrode (22) fixed in the welding gun tube (21) by being wrapped by an insulating clamping kit (23), and an inner nozzle assembly (24) arranged between the welding gun tube (21) and the welding electrode (22), the welding gun tube (21) comprising an electromagnetic field generator surrounding at least a portion of the welding electrode (22) for generating a magnetron magnetic field between the base material and the cladding metal, and an outer nozzle (201) surrounding at least a portion of the electromagnetic field generator, A cavity is defined between the electromagnetic field generator and the welding electrode (22), and an inner nozzle assembly (24) is provided at the lower portion of the cavity close to the base material, and the inner nozzle assembly (24) is provided with a powder feeding port, a shielding gas nozzle and an ion gas nozzle; an upper portion of the cavity away from the base material is provided with a conductive sleeve (26) electrically connected to the welding electrode (22), and the conductive sleeve (26) is provided with a powder pipe joint (27) connected to the powder feeding port, a shielding gas pipe joint (28) connected to the shielding gas nozzle, an ion gas pipe joint (29) connected to the ion gas nozzle, and a water-cooling cable joint (25); and / or A wire feeding mechanism (3) is provided on a welding gun fixing bracket (1) for feeding cladding metal to a surface of a substrate, wherein the wire feeding mechanism (3) comprises a position adjustment mechanism (31) provided on the welding gun fixing bracket (1) for adjusting the position of the cladding metal wire and a wire guide assembly (32) provided on the position adjustment mechanism (31) for feeding the cladding metal wire to a substrate to be processed; the position adjustment mechanism (31) comprises a longitudinal adjustment mechanism (311) and a transverse adjustment mechanism (312) provided on the longitudinal adjustment mechanism (311), wherein the longitudinal adjustment mechanism (311) is provided for adjusting the position of the cladding metal wire and the transverse adjustment mechanism (312) provided on the longitudinal adjustment mechanism (311). The longitudinal adjustment mechanism (311) includes a mounting plate (3111), a longitudinal adjustment slide (3112) and a longitudinal adjustment screw (3113), wherein the longitudinal adjustment slide (3112) is slidably arranged on the mounting plate (3111), and the longitudinal adjustment screw (3113) is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate (3111), and the longitudinal adjustment screw (3113) is passed through the longitudinal adjustment slide (3112) and is threadedly connected to the longitudinal adjustment slide (3112) for driving the longitudinal adjustment screw. The cross-section slide (3112) moves along the central axis direction of the welding gun (2); the cross-section adjustment mechanism (312) includes a cross-section adjustment slide (3121) and a cross-section adjustment screw rod (3122), the cross-section adjustment slide (3121) is slidably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide (3112), the cross-section adjustment screw rod (3122) is rotatably arranged on the longitudinal adjustment slide (3112), the cross-section adjustment screw rod (3122) is passed through the cross-section adjustment slide (3121) and is connected to the cross-section adjustment screw rod (3122). The section slide (3121) is threadedly connected and is used to drive the lateral adjustment slide (3121) to move in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the welding gun (2); the wire guide assembly (32) includes a connecting rod (321), a fixing clamp (322) and a wire guide nozzle (323), one end of the connecting rod (321) is connected to the lateral adjustment slide (3121), and the other end of the connecting rod (321) is connected to the fixing clamp (322) holding the wire guide nozzle (323) in the form of a hinge (324) for adjusting the wire feeding angle.

2. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic field generator comprises an iron core shaft (202) and an electromagnetic coil, wherein the iron core shaft (202) comprises an integrally formed shaft head (2021) and a hollow column (2022) extending along the axis of the shaft head (2021), wherein the upper end of the shaft head (2021) away from the substrate is connected to the conductive sleeve (26), and the lower end surface of the shaft head (2021) close to the substrate is crimped to the end of the outer nozzle (201) away from the substrate; the hollow column (2022) is inserted between the outer nozzle (201) and the insulating clamping kit (23), and an annular cavity is provided between the hollow column (2022) and the insulating clamping kit (23), the top of the annular cavity is blocked by the conductive sleeve (26), and the annular cavity is provided between the outer nozzle (201) and the insulating clamping kit (23). The lower part of the cavity is blocked by the inner nozzle assembly (24); a fluid chamber is provided between the hollow column (2022) and the outer nozzle (201); a protective gas flow chamber for communicating with the annular cavity and the protective gas nozzle is provided between the lower end of the hollow column (2022) and the lower end of the inner nozzle assembly (24); a first water-electricity connector (203) and a second water-electricity connector (204) for communicating with the fluid chamber are provided on the outer nozzle (201); the cooling medium is transported to the fluid chamber via the first water-electricity connector (203) and discharged via the second water-electricity connector (204); the connection terminal of the electromagnetic coil is led to the outside of the fluid chamber via the first water-electricity connector (203) and / or the second water-electricity connector (204) and connected to an external power supply.

3. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The insulating clamping kit (23) comprises a welding electrode clamp (231), an inner sleeve (232), an insulating spacer (233), and an outer sleeve (234) which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside, the welding electrode (22) is inserted into the welding electrode clamp (231), and the insulating spacer (233) is provided with a plurality of buffer channels (2331) which are connected with the inner nozzle assembly (24); the outer sleeve (234) is sleeved on the lower part of the insulating spacer (233), the conductive sleeve (26) is sleeved on the outside of the insulating spacer (233), and the upper end of the outer sleeve (234) away from the substrate is tightly inserted between the conductive sleeve (26) and the insulating spacer (233).

4. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner nozzle assembly (24) is a split nozzle, comprising an upper nozzle component (241) and a lower nozzle component (242) assembled at the lower end of the upper nozzle component (241), wherein the upper nozzle component (241) is provided with a first through hole (2411) and a middle powder delivery channel (2412), a middle protective gas delivery channel (2413), a lower ion gas delivery channel (2414), and a lower water cooling connection channel (2415) arranged circumferentially around the through hole; the lower nozzle component (242) is provided with a second through hole (2421), a cooling cavity (2423) surrounding the second through hole (2421), and a cooling cavity (2424) arranged circumferentially around the second through hole (2421). The middle powder delivery channel (2412) is connected to the lower powder delivery channel (2422) one-to-one, and the lower protective gas delivery channel (2427) is connected to the middle protective gas delivery channel (2413) one-to-one. The lower ion gas delivery channel (2414) is connected to the second through hole (2421) of the lower nozzle component (242) through the buffer channel (2331) on the insulating sleeve (233). The middle protective gas delivery channel (2413) is connected to the lower protective gas delivery channel (2427) and the annular cavity in sequence; the lower water-cooling connection channel (2415) is connected to the cooling cavity (2423).

5. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A buffer cavity (2332) is machined on the outer wall of the lower part of the insulating spacer (233), and the buffer cavity separates the insulating spacer (233) into an upper section and a lower section. The lower section is provided with a plurality of buffer channels (2331) extending in the axial direction of the insulating spacer (233) along the circumferential direction. The inlet of the buffer channel (2331) is connected to the lower ion gas transport channel (2414) of the upper nozzle component (241) through the buffer cavity, and the outlet of the buffer channel (2331) is connected to the second through hole (2421).

6. The magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conductive sleeve (26) is provided with an upper powder feeding channel (261), an upper protective gas conveying channel (262), an upper ion gas conveying channel (263), and an upper water cooling connecting channel (264), and the upper end of the upper powder feeding channel (261) is equipped with a powder pipe joint (27), the upper end of the upper protective gas conveying channel (262) is equipped with a protective gas pipe joint (28), the upper end of the upper ion gas conveying channel (263) is equipped with an ion gas pipe joint (29), the upper end of the upper water cooling connecting channel (264) is equipped with a water cooling cable joint (25), the upper powder feeding channel (261), the powder feeding pipe joint (27) and the upper protective gas conveying channel (262) are equipped with a protective gas pipe joint (28), the upper end of the upper ion gas conveying channel (263) is equipped with an ion gas pipe joint (29), the upper end of the upper water cooling connecting channel (264) is equipped with a water cooling cable joint (25), and the upper powder feeding channel (261), the powder feeding pipe joint (27) and the upper protective gas conveying channel (262) are equipped with a protective gas pipe joint (28), the upper end of the upper protective gas conveying channel (262 ... a protective gas pipe joint (28), the upper end of the upper protective gas conveying channel (263) is equipped with an ion gas pipe joint (29), the upper end of the upper water cooling connecting channel (264) is equipped with a water cooling cable joint (25), and the upper powder feeding channel (261), the The middle powder delivery channel (2412) and the lower powder delivery channel (2422) are connected in sequence to form a complete powder delivery channel, the lower end of the upper protective gas delivery channel (262) is connected to the annular cavity, the upper ion gas delivery channel (263), the ion gas delivery pipe, the buffer cavity, the buffer channel (2331) and the lower ion gas delivery channel (2414) are connected in sequence to form a complete ion gas injection channel, and the lower end of the upper water-cooling connecting channel (264) is connected to the water-cooling connecting channel (2415) of the upper nozzle component (241) through the water-cooling connecting pipe to form a complete cooling channel.

7. A surfacing method using the magnetron plasma arc wire powder collaborative surfacing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Determine the type and amount of cladding metal to be introduced based on the substrate material and the required composite properties; Fix the substrate on the workbench, adjust the welding gun to the set position, and then use the built-in and external inert gases of the welding gun to provide real-time tracking gas protection to the substrate's processing area; The welding gun (2) of the device for cooperatively welding the substrate and the magnetron plasma arc wire powder is energized, and a controllable electric arc is formed by breakdown between the welding gun (2) and the substrate, and the arc is compressed to form a plasma arc; The cladding metal powder is delivered to the molten pool on the surface of the substrate in a set state. Under the arc heat of the plasma arc, the substrate and the cladding metal powder are melted, so that the substrate and the cladding metal powder are fused with each other; The arc of the welding gun is extinguished, and the part of the substrate to be processed is cooled under the protection of the protective gas sprayed by the welding gun (2), and a cladding layer is formed on the surface of the substrate.

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