Linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system and method, comprising: a control device and an annular acoustic levitation device; the annular acoustic levitation device is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings, each layer of transducer rings including multiple transducers; a control device is connected to each transducer, and is used to output a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, the control signal being used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings; each transducer is used to generate an acoustic wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device produces a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. The solution of the present invention achieves efficient and stable linear acceleration and propulsion of particulate matter in an air medium, providing an innovative solution for deep space exploration and low-thrust missions in a thin atmosphere.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aerospace technology, and in particular to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system and method. Background Art

[0002] Space propulsion technology is the technology that propels and controls spacecraft in space. It encompasses the propulsion systems required for all phases of a space mission, from launch to on-orbit operations, attitude control, orbital maneuvers, landing, and deep space exploration. Space propulsion technology involves spacecraft propulsion methods and devices, particularly novel chemical-free propulsion systems suitable for low-thrust propulsion of spacecraft such as satellites and probes.

[0003] Currently, the primary propulsion method for low-thrust missions is electric propulsion. Electric propulsion uses electromagnetic energy to accelerate the ejection of a working fluid, generating a reaction force. The ejection velocity can reach 20-50 km / s, making efficient use of the working fluid. However, electric propulsion is limited by its energy density and power level, resulting in relatively low thrust and thrust-to-weight ratios. To achieve the thrust level of chemical propulsion through stacking, the volume and mass of the propulsion system would be far greater than that of a chemical propulsion system, and the engineering difficulty and manufacturing complexity would be high. Furthermore, electric propulsion places high demands on the working fluid's state and stability, and inert gases such as argon and xenon are often used.

[0004] In practical applications, acoustic propulsion offers advantages over traditional propulsion technologies, including lower medium and material requirements, simpler equipment, and controllable volume and mass. Consequently, increasing research is focused on achieving low-thrust missions using acoustic propulsion devices. While acoustic propulsion technology has made some progress in liquid media, its application in air still requires further exploration.

[0005] In summary, how to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter in the air medium to realize effective acoustic propulsion in the air has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system and method to address the defect in the prior art that linear acceleration of particulate matter in an air medium cannot be achieved. The system and method achieve efficient and stable linear acceleration and propulsion of particulate matter in an air medium, providing an innovative solution for deep space exploration and low-thrust missions in a thin atmosphere.

[0007] The present invention provides a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system, comprising: a control device and an annular acoustic levitation device; the annular acoustic levitation device is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings, each layer of transducer rings including multiple transducers; the control device is connected to each transducer, the control device is used to output a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, the control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings; each transducer is used to generate an acoustic wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0008] According to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system provided by the present invention, the control device includes: a main control board and a drive module; the main control board is connected to the drive module, and the main control board is used to output the intermediate control signal corresponding to each transducer to the drive module; the drive module is connected to each transducer, and the drive module is used to convert the intermediate control signal corresponding to each transducer into a control signal corresponding to each transducer, and output the control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer.

[0009] According to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system provided by the present invention, the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system also includes: a DC regulated power supply and a boost circuit; the DC regulated power supply is used to output a DC voltage signal; the input end of the boost circuit is connected to the DC regulated power supply, and the output end of the boost circuit is connected to each transducer, for converting the DC voltage signal into a power supply signal suitable for each transducer.

[0010] The present invention also provides a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method, which is applied to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system, wherein the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system includes a control device and an annular acoustic suspension device; the annular acoustic suspension device is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings, and each layer of transducer rings includes multiple transducers; the method includes: the control device outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, and the control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring; each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic suspension device generates a Bessel sound field to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0011] According to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention, the Bessel sound field is a zero-order Bessel sound field or a first-order Bessel sound field.

[0012] According to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention, the control signal includes a zero-order Bessel sound field control signal; the control device outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, specifically including: the control device outputs a zero-order Bessel sound field control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer; each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter, specifically including: each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving the zero-order Bessel sound field control signal to achieve acoustic propulsion based on a moving potential well to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0013] According to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention, the control signal includes a first-order Bessel sound field control signal; the control device outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, specifically including: the control device outputs a first-order Bessel sound field control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer; each transducer generates a sound wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic suspension device produces a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter, specifically including: each transducer generates a sound wave in response to receiving the first-order Bessel sound field control signal, thereby achieving acoustic propulsion with gradually decreasing sound intensity, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0014] According to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention, the method also includes: determining the radius of the transducer ring and the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall through single-ring sound field simulation; determining the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers through multi-ring sound field simulation; based on the design parameters of the annular acoustic suspension device, the two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases are obtained through 3D printing technology; the design parameters of the annular acoustic suspension device include the radius of the transducer ring, the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall and the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers.

[0015] According to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention, after the two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases are manufactured by 3D printing technology based on the radius of the transducer ring, the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall and the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers, the method also includes: assembling the two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple transducers manufactured by 3D printing technology to obtain an annular acoustic levitation device to be verified; verifying the linear acceleration process of the particulate matter of the annular acoustic levitation device to be verified through computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments; and optimizing the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device by comparing the verification results of computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments.

[0016] According to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention, the control signal is a square wave signal.

[0017] The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system and method provided by the present invention include: a control device and an annular acoustic levitation device; the annular acoustic levitation device is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings, each layer of transducer rings including multiple transducers; a control device is connected to each transducer, and the control device is used to output a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, and the control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings; each transducer is used to generate a sound wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. In the solution of the present invention, the control device outputs a control signal to each transducer, controls the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings, and can achieve precise control of the sound field distribution and potential well position; each transducer generates a sound wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. It can be seen that the solution of the present invention realizes efficient and stable linear acceleration and propulsion of particulate matter in the air medium, providing an innovative solution for deep space exploration and low-thrust missions in a thin atmosphere. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is the second structural diagram of the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the acoustic propulsion device based on the mobile potential well provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the suspension of particles by the zero-order Bessel sound field provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the zero-order Bessel acoustic field suspension stability experiment provided by this application.

[0025] Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the potential well movement experimental process of double-loop control provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the change in the lowest point position of the acoustic field potential well provided by the present invention as the voltage ratio of the second layer ring changes.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a five-layer first-order Bessel morphoacoustic suspension device provided in this application.

[0028] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the suspension points on the axis of the five-layer first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic suspension device provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of particles in the first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic suspension device provided by the present invention recovering to stability after being perturbated.

[0030] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the foam stick provided by the present invention being suspended on an axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that the brief descriptions of terms in this application are only for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the embodiments described below, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. Unless otherwise specified, these terms should be understood according to their ordinary and usual meanings.

[0033] In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover, but not exclude, inclusion. For example, a product or device comprising a list of components is not necessarily limited to those components explicitly listed, but may include other components not explicitly listed or inherent to such products or devices. The term "module" as used in this application refers to any known or later developed hardware, software, firmware, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, or combination of hardware and / or software code that is capable of performing the functions associated with the element.

[0034] Space propulsion technology is the technology that propels and controls spacecraft in space. It encompasses the propulsion systems required for all phases of a space mission, from launch to on-orbit operations, attitude control, orbital maneuvers, landing, and deep space exploration. Space propulsion technology involves spacecraft propulsion methods and devices, particularly novel chemical-free propulsion systems suitable for low-thrust propulsion of spacecraft such as satellites and probes.

[0035] Currently, the primary propulsion method for low-thrust missions is electric propulsion. Electric propulsion uses electromagnetic energy to accelerate the ejection of a working fluid, generating a reaction force. The ejection velocity can reach 20-50 km / s, making efficient use of the working fluid. However, electric propulsion is limited by its energy density and power level, resulting in relatively low thrust and thrust-to-weight ratios. To achieve the thrust level of chemical propulsion through stacking, the volume and mass of the propulsion system would be far greater than that of a chemical propulsion system, and the engineering difficulty and manufacturing complexity would be high. Furthermore, electric propulsion places high demands on the working fluid's state and stability, and inert gases such as argon and xenon are often used.

[0036] Acoustic propulsion devices are primarily based on acoustic levitation technology, which manipulates particles to accelerate and eject them from the device, generating thrust. Acoustic levitation technology uses the acoustic radiation force of sound waves to provide a directional force in space, enabling the suspension and manipulation of particles and contactless control. The basic principle is as follows: objects in an acoustic field are subject to acoustic pressure. A simple first-order approximation cannot accurately describe the forces acting on objects in this field. Therefore, a second-order approximation is required for the acoustic pressure and medium velocity. These are then incorporated into the Euler and continuity equations for ideal fluids to derive the acoustic radiation pressure.

[0037] Assuming the particle does not interfere with the acoustic field and is rigid, the forces acting on a rigid sphere in the acoustic field can be calculated. Gor'kov derived a concise expression by assuming a sphere with a radius much smaller than the wavelength of the acoustic wave is immersed in the acoustic field. The Gor'kov potential shows that the particle will be trapped near points of low potential energy in the acoustic field, subject to a trapping force whose magnitude is primarily determined by the pressure amplitude gradient and the velocity gradient. The amplitude gradient pushes the particle toward regions of low amplitude, while the velocity gradient pushes the particle toward regions of high gradient.

[0038] Acoustic levitation technology is widely used in fields such as microgravity simulation, materials science, biomedical engineering, and precision manufacturing. It has been used to levitate solid particles, liquid droplets, and even small animals. Some researchers have proposed methods for levitating large, specialized objects, including spheres and flat plates. However, research on accelerating objects using sound waves is relatively rare.

[0039] In practical applications, acoustic propulsion offers advantages over traditional propulsion technologies, including lower medium and material requirements, simpler equipment, and controllable volume and mass. Consequently, increasing research is focused on achieving low-thrust missions using acoustic propulsion devices. While acoustic propulsion technology has made some progress in liquid media, its application in air still requires further exploration.

[0040] In summary, how to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter in the air medium to realize effective acoustic propulsion in the air has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention is used to solve the above technical problems. The following specific embodiments are used to describe in detail the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above technical problems. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. Figure 1-Figure 2 The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system of the present invention is described.

[0042] Figure 1 This is one of the structural diagrams of the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system provided by the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system includes a control device 10 and a toroidal acoustic suspension device 20 .

[0043] In this embodiment, the annular acoustic suspension device 20 is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings 202 , each layer of the transducer rings including multiple transducers 2021 .

[0044] The control device 10 is connected to each transducer 2021 , and is used to output a control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to each transducer 2021 . The control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of the transducer ring 202 .

[0045] Each transducer 2021 is configured to generate an acoustic wave in response to receiving a control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device 20 generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the annular acoustic suspension device 20 is an acoustic suspension device in which the transducers 2021 are arranged in an annular shape and the emission surface is directed toward the center of the annular shape. For an annular acoustic suspension device in an open sound field, in order to form a standing wave, its diameter is required to be ,in is the wavelength of sound in the medium. The initial phases of the transducers 2021 are arranged linearly, and the phase difference of one circle of the transducer ring 202 is At this time, the relationship between the sound pressure field in the middle part and the distance to the axis is approximately a Bessel function, so it is called a Bessel-shaped sound field.

[0047] In this embodiment, the control device 10 outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021. This control signal controls the emitted sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring 202, enabling precise control of the Bessel-shaped sound field and, consequently, linear acceleration of particulate matter. By adjusting the emitted sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring 202, this embodiment achieves flexible propulsion control, adapting to varying mission requirements and environmental conditions.

[0048] In this embodiment, there is no specific limitation on the form of the control signal. As an example, the control signal can be a square wave signal, a sine wave signal, a triangle wave signal, a sawtooth wave signal, a pulse width modulation signal (PWM), a custom waveform signal, etc.

[0049] In one embodiment, the control signal is a square wave signal, and the control signal is used to control the transmitted sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of the transducer ring 202 .

[0050] Specifically, the present invention does not specifically limit the manner in which the control device 10 controls the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202. In one example, the control device 10 can control the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by controlling the duty cycle of the square wave signal. Specifically, the control device 10 controls the transmitted voltage of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by adjusting the duty cycle of the square wave signal. For a pulse-width modulated (PWM) square wave signal, the control device 10 can adjust the duty cycle of the square wave signal to change the average voltage output, thereby controlling the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202. In another example, the control device 10 can control the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by controlling the peak-to-peak value of the square wave signal. Specifically, the control device 10 controls the transmitted voltage of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by adjusting the peak-to-peak value of the square wave signal. In yet another example, the control device 10 controls the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by controlling the amplification method of the square wave signal. Specifically, the control device 10 adjusts the transmission voltage of each layer of transducer ring 202 by signal amplification. An amplifier is added to the signal chain, and the amplitude of the square wave signal output to the transducer is controlled by adjusting the gain of the amplifier.

[0051] Specifically, the present invention does not specifically limit the manner in which the control device 10 controls the phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings 202. In one example, the control device 10 can control the phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings 202 by controlling the time delay of a square wave signal. Specifically, by introducing a precise time delay between different square wave signals, the phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings 202 can be adjusted. This can be achieved using a digital signal processor or a dedicated phase delay circuit. In another example, the control device 10 synchronously generates multiple square wave signals and assigns a different initial phase or time delay to each signal to control the phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings 202.

[0052] Exemplarily, the above-mentioned Bessel sound field is a zero-order Bessel sound field or a first-order Bessel sound field. In this embodiment, by controlling the phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring 202, the annular acoustic suspension device 20 is controlled to generate a zero-order Bessel sound field or a first-order Bessel sound field. Specifically, let , that is, the phase difference of one circle of the transducer ring 202 is , at this time, the radius of the cylinder The point with low potential energy is capable of capturing particulate matter on the axis. At this time, the annular acoustic suspension device 20 generates a first-order Bessel sound field. At this time, the central axis of the annular acoustic suspension device 20 is a high potential energy area, and the generated potential well presents a concentric ring shape around the central axis. At this time, the annular acoustic suspension device 20 generates a zero-order Bessel sound field.

[0053] It should be noted that both zero-order and first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic fields can generate a trapping force, but their characteristics within the acoustic field and the manner in which this trapping force operates differ. Specifically, the acoustic field generated by a zero-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field forms a deep potential well at the ring's center. This acoustic field pattern is particularly well-suited for capturing and suspending particles. Due to its axial symmetry, the sound pressure in a zero-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field is zero at the ring's center, while the sound pressure is maximum along the ring's axis, thus creating a stable trapping region at the ring's center. This trapping force primarily stems from the sound pressure gradient, which pushes particles toward the low-pressure region at the ring's center. Correspondingly, the sound field generated by a first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field forms an annular potential well along the ring's axis. This acoustic field pattern is well-suited for guiding and moving particles near the axis. The trapping force of a first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field includes not only the force that pushes particles toward the low-pressure region, but also the force generated by the velocity gradient, which pushes particles toward regions of high velocity gradient. This acoustic field pattern can be used to manipulate particles to move in a specific direction, such as along the ring's axis.

[0054] In general, the trapping force generated by a zero-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field is primarily at the center of the ring, making it suitable for levitating and immobilizing particles. The trapping force generated by a first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field is distributed along the ring's axis, making it suitable for guiding and moving particles. Both acoustic field modes have important applications in acoustic levitation and acoustic manipulation technologies.

[0055] As an example, in one embodiment, the control signal includes a zero-order Bessel sound field control signal; the control device 10 is specifically configured to output the zero-order Bessel sound field control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to each transducer 2021 .

[0056] Each transducer 2021 is specifically configured to generate an acoustic wave in response to receiving a zero-order Bessel acoustic field control signal, thereby implementing acoustic propulsion based on a moving potential well, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0057] In practical applications, by adjusting the magnitude relationship between the transmitted sound pressures of the transducer rings 202, the potential well can be smoothly moved between the transducer rings 202. Specifically, the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of transducer rings 202 is adjusted in sequence. For example, the transmitted sound pressure of ring a is linearly reduced from 100% to 0, while the transmitted sound pressure of ring b is linearly increased from 0 to 100%, so that the potential well moves smoothly from the center of ring a to the center of ring b.

[0058] In this embodiment, the method of moving the potential well is used to achieve efficient acceleration and propulsion of particles, thereby improving the efficiency of the propulsion system.

[0059] As an example, in one embodiment, the control signal includes a first-order Bessel sound field control signal; the control device 10 is specifically configured to output the first-order Bessel sound field control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to each transducer 2021 .

[0060] Each of the above transducers 2021 is specifically used for:

[0061] In response to receiving a first-order Bessel sound field control signal, an acoustic wave is generated to achieve acoustic propulsion with a sound intensity decreasing layer by layer, so as to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0062] In practice, a first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field is used to confine particles to the central axis of the device. The emitted sound pressure of each transducer ring is then gradually reduced by 10%, creating a Gor'kov potential difference, thereby propelling the particles into motion. Specifically, the sound pressure of the transducer rings 202 is set to decrease by 10% layer by layer. For example, starting from the outermost layer, the sound pressure of each layer is reduced sequentially. This causes the Gor'kov potential to gradually decrease along the axis, creating a continuous potential difference that propels the particles along the axis.

[0063] In practical applications, software can be used to simulate the sound field to determine the ratio of the sound intensity decrease from layer to layer, with the output sound pressure of the transducer ring decreasing by 10% layer by layer. The greater the degree of sound intensity reduction, the greater the gradient of the Gor'kov potential in the axial direction, and the greater the acceleration that can be provided. However, if the sound intensity difference between adjacent rings is too large, it will affect the smoothness of the central energy channel. At the same time, too low a sound intensity will also make the device's confinement of particulate matter unstable. The movement speed and stability of the particulate matter are tested to see whether it can move stably between the rings, and the ratio of the sound intensity decrease from layer to layer is determined.

[0064] In this embodiment, the method of decreasing the sound intensity layer by layer is used to achieve efficient acceleration and propulsion of particles, thereby improving the efficiency of the propulsion system.

[0065] In this embodiment, the control device 10 outputs a control signal to each transducer 2021, controlling the emitted sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of the transducer ring 202. This enables precise control of the sound field distribution and potential well position. In response to receiving the control signal, each transducer 2021 generates an acoustic wave, causing the annular acoustic levitation device 20 to produce a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. Thus, the solution of this embodiment achieves efficient and stable linear acceleration and propulsion of particulate matter in an air medium, providing an innovative solution for deep space exploration and low-thrust missions in a rarefied atmosphere.

[0066] Furthermore, in another embodiment, Figure 2 This is the second structural diagram of the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system provided by the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the control device 10 includes a main control board 101 and a driving module 102 .

[0067] The main control board 101 is connected to the driving module 102 , and the main control board 101 is used to output an intermediate control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to the driving module 102 .

[0068] The driving module 102 is connected to each transducer 2021 , and is used to convert the intermediate control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 into a control signal 2021 corresponding to each transducer, and output the control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to each transducer 2021 .

[0069] On the one hand, the main control board 101 can generate precise intermediate control signals corresponding to each transducer 2021, including specific frequencies, phases, and amplitudes, while the driver module 102 is responsible for amplifying these intermediate control signals to sufficient power levels to drive the transducers 2021. On the other hand, the main control board 101 can be programmed to generate a variety of complex intermediate control signals, and the driver module 102 can adapt to changes in these signals, providing a high degree of flexibility to meet different sound field control requirements. Furthermore, the driver module 102 can isolate and protect the main control board 101 from high voltages and high currents, improving the reliability and durability of the system.

[0070] In this embodiment, the combination of the main control board 101 and the drive module 102 provides a powerful control platform for the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system, which can achieve precise, flexible and efficient sound field control and meet various complex sound field designs and application requirements.

[0071] In addition, in a possible implementation, the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system further includes: a DC regulated power supply and a boost circuit.

[0072] DC regulated power supply, used to output DC voltage signal.

[0073] The input end of the boost circuit is connected to a DC regulated power supply, and the output end of the boost circuit is connected to each transducer 2021, for converting a DC voltage signal into a power supply signal suitable for each transducer.

[0074] It is understood that the DC regulated power supply ensures a stable voltage source, reduces the impact of voltage fluctuations on device performance, and ensures the reliability and stability of transducer 2021. The boost circuit boosts the DC voltage signal output by the DC regulated power supply to the higher voltage level required by transducer 2021 to meet the transducer's 2021 requirements for generating sufficient sound pressure. This power supply method provides flexibility, allowing system designers to adjust the boost circuit according to the specific requirements of transducer 2021 to achieve optimal performance.

[0075] In this embodiment, the combination of the DC regulated power supply and the boost circuit provides a stable, efficient, flexible and reliable power supply solution for the annular acoustic levitation device 20 , which helps to achieve optimal performance of the annular acoustic levitation device 20 .

[0076] In conjunction with the above description, the annular acoustic levitation device 20 is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings 202, each of which includes multiple transducers 2021. In practice, the semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases can be spliced ​​together to form a single cylindrical structure, which is more suitable for installing transducers and improves the efficiency of assembling the annular acoustic levitation device 20.

[0077] In practical applications, it is necessary to pre-prepare two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases. As an example, in one possible implementation, preparing the annular acoustic suspension device 20 includes the following steps.

[0078] Step 1: Determine the radius of the transducer ring and the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall through single-ring sound field simulation.

[0079] As an example, Comsol Multiphysics software was used to perform a detailed simulation of the acoustic field generated by a single transducer ring. Specifically, a simulation model was created to simulate a single transducer ring and the surrounding air environment in a ring-shaped acoustic levitation device. The transducer diameter was set to 10 mm, the frequency to 40 kHz, and the radius of the ring transducer's emitting cylinder to 13 mm. The simulation model was set to an outer wall radius of 20 mm and an outer wall thickness of 3 mm to ensure that the acoustic waves emitted by the transducer would reflect within the outer wall and form a stable acoustic field. A simulation was run to analyze the acoustic field distribution generated by the transducer ring under the specified frequency and boundary conditions, focusing on the sound pressure distribution and potential well location in the central region. A spatial distribution of the Gor'kov potential was generated to determine the location and strength of the potential well formed in the center of the ring, ensuring that the acoustic field would produce a stable levitation region in the center. The parameters of the transducer ring radius and outer wall radius were adjusted until the ideal acoustic field distribution was achieved, ensuring that the single ring would generate a stable Bessel potential well in the center. The radius of the transducer ring and the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall were determined. Among them, the ideal sound field distribution has the following characteristics: the potential energy along the axis of the cylinder is continuous; the potential energy at the particle capture point is strong and the constraint force is large.

[0080] Step 2: Determine the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers through multi-ring sound field simulation.

[0081] In light of the above description, multiple layers of transducer rings are arranged along the axis of the annular acoustic levitation device 20. The distance between each layer affects the particle capture capability. During the multi-ring acoustic field simulation, the spatial distribution of the potential energy received by the particles is calculated by varying the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers. The interlayer distance corresponding to the potential energy distribution with the highest potential energy and the most continuous distribution along the axis is identified, thereby determining the ideal spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers.

[0082] Among them, multi-ring sound field simulation refers to the detailed simulation of the sound field generated by the superposition of multiple transducer rings. Specifically, based on the optimal parameters determined by the single-ring simulation, the combination of multiple transducer rings is simulated, the radius of each layer of transducer ring is set to 13mm, the outer wall radius is set to 20mm, and a layer of transducer ring is placed at a fixed interval of 13mm along the axial direction. By changing the ring spacing, the corresponding potential energy distribution is simulated, the sound field distribution between each layer of rings and the spatial distribution of the Gor'kov potential are analyzed, and the connection between the potential wells of each layer of rings is focused on to ensure the formation of a continuous and uniform energy channel. Then, the ring spacing corresponding to the potential energy distribution with strong continuity is selected as the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers.

[0083] Step 3: Based on the design parameters of the annular acoustic suspension device 20, two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases are manufactured using 3D printing technology; the design parameters of the annular acoustic suspension device 20 include the radius of the transducer ring, the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall, and the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers.

[0084] Step 4: Use 3D printing technology to manufacture the two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases and multiple transducers 2021, and assemble them to obtain the annular acoustic suspension device 20 to be verified.

[0085] For example, a semi-cylindrical outer wall with transducer mounts was fabricated using 3D printing technology. Each transducer mount had a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 5 mm, providing a secure mounting for the transducers. Ultrasonic transducers were selected and placed in a ring of transducer rings at regular intervals along the axial direction of the cylindrical outer wall, for a total of five layers. Each layer of transducer rings contained eight evenly distributed transducers. Furthermore, a power supply system was designed, utilizing a 7.5V DC regulated power supply. An adjustable boost module increased the voltage to 20V, which was then connected to a motor driver module. An Arduino Nano main control board then generated a 40kHz square wave signal to control the emitted sound pressure of each transducer layer, achieving precise control of the sound field. This device design ensures a stable Bessel-shaped sound field by adjusting the ring structure and transducer arrangement.

[0086] Step 5: Verify the linear acceleration process of the particulate matter of the annular acoustic levitation device to be verified through computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments respectively; compare the verification results of the computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments, and optimize the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device 20.

[0087] Specifically, computer simulation and experiments are used to verify the acoustic propulsion process of the moving potential well, ensuring that the velocity and acceleration of the particle are almost equal to those of the potential well, and optimizing the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device 20 to achieve a stable moving potential well.

[0088] Specifically, Comsol software was used to simulate the acoustic propulsion process with gradually decreasing sound intensity to verify its feasibility, and the effect of decreasing sound pressure on particle stability and movement speed was verified through experiments to optimize the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device 20.

[0089] In this embodiment, the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device are determined by single-ring sound field simulation and multi-ring sound field simulation, and the two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases are manufactured by 3D printing technology. Two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple transducers are manufactured by 3D printing technology, and assembled to obtain the annular acoustic levitation device to be verified. The linear acceleration process of the particulate matter of the annular acoustic levitation device to be verified is verified by computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments respectively; the verification results of the computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments are compared to optimize the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device. In this embodiment, the feasibility and effectiveness of the technical solution are ensured through detailed simulation and experimental verification, and reliable data support and theoretical basis are provided. By optimizing the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device, the accuracy and reliability of the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion are improved.

[0090] The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system provided in this embodiment includes: a control device and an annular acoustic levitation device; the annular acoustic levitation device is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings, each layer of transducer rings including multiple transducers; a control device is connected to each transducer, and the control device is used to output a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, and the control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings; each transducer is used to generate an acoustic wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. In this embodiment, the control device outputs a control signal to each transducer to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings, thereby achieving precise control of the sound field distribution and potential well position; each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. It can be seen that the solution of this embodiment achieves efficient and stable linear acceleration and propulsion of particulate matter in the air medium, providing an innovative solution for deep space exploration and low-thrust missions in a thin atmosphere.

[0091] The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention is described below. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method described below and the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system described above can be referenced to each other.

[0092] Specifically, the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method is applied to the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system, combined with Figure 1The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system includes a control device 10 and an annular acoustic suspension device 20; the annular acoustic suspension device 20 is assembled by two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases and a multi-layer transducer ring 202, and each layer of the transducer ring includes multiple transducers 2021.

[0093] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided by the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method includes step 301 and step 302.

[0094] Step 301: The control device outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, where the control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring.

[0095] Step 302: Each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving a control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field to achieve linear acceleration of the particulate matter.

[0096] Combine Figure 1 The annular acoustic suspension device 20 is an acoustic suspension device in which the transducers 2021 are arranged in an annular shape and the emission surface is directed toward the center of the annular shape. For an annular acoustic suspension device in an open sound field, in order to form a standing wave, its diameter is required to be ,in is the wavelength of sound in the medium. The initial phases of the transducers 2021 are arranged linearly, and the phase difference of one circle of the transducer ring 202 is At this time, the relationship between the sound pressure field in the middle part and the distance to the axis is approximately a Bessel function, so it is called a Bessel-shaped sound field.

[0097] In this embodiment, the control device 10 outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021. This control signal controls the emitted sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring 202, enabling precise control of the Bessel-shaped sound field and, consequently, linear acceleration of particulate matter. By adjusting the emitted sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring 202, this embodiment achieves flexible propulsion control, adapting to varying mission requirements and environmental conditions.

[0098] In this embodiment, there is no specific limitation on the form of the control signal. As an example, the control signal can be a square wave signal, a sine wave signal, a triangle wave signal, a sawtooth wave signal, a pulse width modulation signal (PWM), a custom waveform signal, etc.

[0099] In one embodiment, the control signal is a square wave signal, and the control signal is used to control the transmitted sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of the transducer ring 202 .

[0100] Specifically, the present invention does not specifically limit the manner in which the control device 10 controls the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202. In one example, the control device 10 can control the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by controlling the duty cycle of the square wave signal. Specifically, the control device 10 controls the transmitted voltage of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by adjusting the duty cycle of the square wave signal. For a pulse-width modulated (PWM) square wave signal, the control device 10 can adjust the duty cycle of the square wave signal to change the average voltage output, thereby controlling the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202. In another example, the control device 10 can control the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by controlling the peak-to-peak value of the square wave signal. Specifically, the control device 10 controls the transmitted voltage of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by adjusting the peak-to-peak value of the square wave signal. In yet another example, the control device 10 controls the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of the transducer ring 202 by controlling the amplification method of the square wave signal. Specifically, the control device 10 adjusts the transmission voltage of each layer of transducer ring 202 by signal amplification. An amplifier is added to the signal chain, and the amplitude of the square wave signal output to the transducer is controlled by adjusting the gain of the amplifier.

[0101] Specifically, the present invention does not specifically limit the manner in which the control device 10 controls the phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings 202. In one example, the control device 10 can control the phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings 202 by controlling the time delay of a square wave signal. Specifically, by introducing a precise time delay between different square wave signals, the phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings 202 can be adjusted. This can be achieved using a digital signal processor or a dedicated phase delay circuit. In another example, the control device 10 synchronously generates multiple square wave signals and assigns a different initial phase or time delay to each signal to control the phase relationship of each layer of transducer rings 202.

[0102] Exemplarily, the above-mentioned Bessel sound field is a zero-order Bessel sound field or a first-order Bessel sound field. In this embodiment, by controlling the phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring 202, the annular acoustic suspension device 20 is controlled to generate a zero-order Bessel sound field or a first-order Bessel sound field. Specifically, let , that is, the phase difference of one circle of the transducer ring 202 is , at this time, the radius of the cylinder The point with low potential energy is capable of capturing particulate matter on the axis. At this time, the annular acoustic suspension device 20 generates a first-order Bessel sound field. At this time, the central axis of the annular acoustic suspension device 20 is a high potential energy area, and the generated potential well presents a concentric ring shape around the central axis. At this time, the annular acoustic suspension device 20 generates a zero-order Bessel sound field.

[0103] It should be noted that both zero-order and first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic fields can generate a trapping force, but their characteristics within the acoustic field and the manner in which this trapping force operates differ. Specifically, the acoustic field generated by a zero-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field forms a deep potential well at the ring's center. This acoustic field pattern is particularly well-suited for capturing and suspending particles. Due to its axial symmetry, the sound pressure in a zero-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field is zero at the ring's center, while the sound pressure is maximum along the ring's axis, thus creating a stable trapping region at the ring's center. This trapping force primarily stems from the sound pressure gradient, which pushes particles toward the low-pressure region at the ring's center. Correspondingly, the sound field generated by a first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field forms an annular potential well along the ring's axis. This acoustic field pattern is well-suited for guiding and moving particles near the axis. The trapping force of a first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field includes not only the force that pushes particles toward the low-pressure region, but also the force generated by the velocity gradient, which pushes particles toward regions of high velocity gradient. This acoustic field pattern can be used to manipulate particles to move in a specific direction, such as along the ring's axis.

[0104] In general, the trapping force generated by a zero-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field is primarily at the center of the ring, making it suitable for levitating and immobilizing particles. The trapping force generated by a first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field is distributed along the ring's axis, making it suitable for guiding and moving particles. Both acoustic field modes have important applications in acoustic levitation and acoustic manipulation technologies.

[0105] As an example, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned control signal includes a zero-order Bessel sound field control signal; the above-mentioned step 301 specifically includes: the control module 10 outputs the zero-order Bessel sound field control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to each transducer 2021, and the zero-order Bessel sound field control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring.

[0106] The above step 301 specifically includes: each transducer 2021 generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving a zero-order Bessel sound field control signal, thereby realizing acoustic propulsion based on a moving potential well, thereby achieving linear acceleration of the particulate matter.

[0107] In practical applications, by adjusting the magnitude relationship between the transmitted sound pressures of the transducer rings 202, the potential well can be smoothly moved between the transducer rings 202. Specifically, the transmitted sound pressure of each layer of transducer rings 202 is adjusted in sequence. For example, the transmitted sound pressure of ring a is linearly reduced from 100% to 0, while the transmitted sound pressure of ring b is linearly increased from 0 to 100%, so that the potential well moves smoothly from the center of ring a to the center of ring b.

[0108] In this embodiment, the method of moving the potential well is used to achieve efficient acceleration and propulsion of particles, thereby improving the efficiency of the propulsion system.

[0109] As an example, in one embodiment, the above-mentioned control signal includes a first-order Bessel sound field control signal; the above-mentioned step 301 specifically includes: the control device 10 outputs the first-order Bessel sound field control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to each transducer 2021, and the first-order Bessel sound field control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring.

[0110] The above step 301 specifically includes: each transducer 2021 generates a sound wave in response to receiving a first-order Bessel sound field control signal, thereby achieving acoustic propulsion with a sound intensity decreasing layer by layer, so as to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0111] In practice, a first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic field is used to confine particles to the central axis of the device. The emitted sound pressure of each transducer ring is then gradually reduced by 10%, creating a Gor'kov potential difference, thereby propelling the particles into motion. Specifically, the sound pressure of the transducer rings 202 is set to decrease by 10% layer by layer. For example, starting from the outermost layer, the sound pressure of each layer is reduced sequentially. This causes the Gor'kov potential to gradually decrease along the axis, creating a continuous potential difference that propels the particles along the axis.

[0112] In practical applications, software can be used to simulate the sound field to determine the ratio of the sound intensity decrease from layer to layer, with the output sound pressure of the transducer ring decreasing by 10% layer by layer. The greater the degree of sound intensity reduction, the greater the gradient of the Gor'kov potential in the axial direction, and the greater the acceleration that can be provided. However, if the sound intensity difference between adjacent rings is too large, it will affect the smoothness of the central energy channel. At the same time, too low a sound intensity will also make the device's confinement of particulate matter unstable. The movement speed and stability of the particulate matter are tested to see whether it can move stably between the rings, and the ratio of the sound intensity decrease from layer to layer is determined.

[0113] In this embodiment, the method of decreasing the sound intensity layer by layer is used to achieve efficient acceleration and propulsion of particles, thereby improving the efficiency of the propulsion system.

[0114] In this embodiment, the control device 10 outputs a control signal to each transducer 2021, controlling the emitted sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of the transducer ring 202. This enables precise control of the sound field distribution and potential well position. In response to receiving the control signal, each transducer 2021 generates an acoustic wave, causing the annular acoustic levitation device 20 to produce a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. Thus, the solution of this embodiment achieves efficient and stable linear acceleration and propulsion of particulate matter in an air medium, providing an innovative solution for deep space exploration and low-thrust missions in a rarefied atmosphere.

[0115] In addition, in one possible embodiment, the combination Figure 2The control device 10 includes: a main control board 101 and a driving module 102. The step 301 includes: the main control board 101 outputs an intermediate control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to the driving module 102; the driving module 102 converts the intermediate control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 into a control signal 2021 corresponding to each transducer, and outputs the control signal corresponding to each transducer 2021 to each transducer 2021.

[0116] On the one hand, the main control board 101 can generate precise intermediate control signals corresponding to each transducer 2021, including specific frequencies, phases, and amplitudes, while the driver module 102 is responsible for amplifying these intermediate control signals to sufficient power levels to drive the transducers 2021. On the other hand, the main control board 101 can be programmed to generate a variety of complex intermediate control signals, and the driver module 102 can adapt to changes in these signals, providing a high degree of flexibility to meet different sound field control requirements. Furthermore, the driver module 102 can isolate and protect the main control board 101 from high voltages and high currents, improving the reliability and durability of the system.

[0117] In this embodiment, the combination of the main control board 101 and the drive module 102 provides a powerful control platform for the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system, which can achieve precise, flexible and efficient sound field control and meet various complex sound field designs and application requirements.

[0118] In addition, in a possible embodiment, the above-mentioned linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system also includes: a DC regulated power supply and a boost circuit, and the above-mentioned linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method also includes: the DC regulated power supply outputs a DC voltage signal; the boost circuit converts the DC voltage signal into a power supply signal suitable for each transducer.

[0119] It is understood that the DC regulated power supply ensures a stable voltage source, reduces the impact of voltage fluctuations on device performance, and ensures the reliability and stability of transducer 2021. The boost circuit boosts the DC voltage signal output by the DC regulated power supply to the higher voltage level required by transducer 2021 to meet the transducer's 2021 requirements for generating sufficient sound pressure. This power supply method provides flexibility, allowing system designers to adjust the boost circuit according to the specific requirements of transducer 2021 to achieve optimal performance.

[0120] In this embodiment, the combination of the DC regulated power supply and the boost circuit provides a stable, efficient, flexible and reliable power supply solution for the annular acoustic levitation device 20 , which helps to achieve optimal performance of the annular acoustic levitation device 20 .

[0121] In conjunction with the above description, the annular acoustic levitation device 20 is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings 202, each of which includes multiple transducers 2021. In practice, the semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases can be spliced ​​together to form a single cylindrical structure, which is more suitable for installing transducers and improves the efficiency of assembling the annular acoustic levitation device 20.

[0122] In practical applications, it is necessary to pre-prepare two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases. As an example, in one possible implementation, preparing the annular acoustic suspension device 20 includes the following steps.

[0123] Step 1: Determine the radius of the transducer ring and the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall through single-ring sound field simulation.

[0124] As an example, Comsol Multiphysics software was used to perform a detailed simulation of the acoustic field generated by a single transducer ring. Specifically, a simulation model was created to simulate a single transducer ring and the surrounding air environment in a ring-shaped acoustic levitation device. The transducer diameter was set to 10 mm, the frequency to 40 kHz, and the radius of the ring transducer's emitting cylinder to 13 mm. The simulation model was set to an outer wall radius of 20 mm and an outer wall thickness of 3 mm to ensure that the acoustic waves emitted by the transducer would reflect within the outer wall and form a stable acoustic field. A simulation was run to analyze the acoustic field distribution generated by the transducer ring under the specified frequency and boundary conditions, focusing on the sound pressure distribution and potential well location in the central region. A spatial distribution of the Gor'kov potential was generated to determine the location and strength of the potential well formed in the center of the ring, ensuring that the acoustic field would produce a stable levitation region in the center. The parameters of the transducer ring radius and outer wall radius were adjusted until the ideal acoustic field distribution was achieved, ensuring that the single ring would generate a stable Bessel potential well in the center. The radius of the transducer ring and the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall were determined. Among them, the ideal sound field distribution has the following characteristics: the potential energy along the axis of the cylinder is continuous; the potential energy at the particle capture point is strong and the constraint force is large.

[0125] Step 2: Determine the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers through multi-ring sound field simulation.

[0126] In light of the above description, multiple layers of transducer rings are arranged along the axis of the annular acoustic levitation device 20. The distance between each layer affects the particle capture capability. During the multi-ring acoustic field simulation, the spatial distribution of the potential energy received by the particles is calculated by varying the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers. The interlayer distance corresponding to the potential energy distribution with the highest potential energy and the most continuous distribution along the axis is identified, thereby determining the ideal spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers.

[0127] Among them, multi-ring sound field simulation refers to the detailed simulation of the sound field generated by the superposition of multiple transducer rings. Specifically, based on the optimal parameters determined by the single-ring simulation, the combination of multiple transducer rings is simulated, the radius of each layer of transducer ring is set to 13mm, the outer wall radius is set to 20mm, and a layer of transducer ring is placed at a fixed interval of 13mm along the axial direction. By changing the ring spacing, the corresponding potential energy distribution is simulated, the sound field distribution between each layer of rings and the spatial distribution of the Gor'kov potential are analyzed, and the connection between the potential wells of each layer of rings is focused on to ensure the formation of a continuous and uniform energy channel. Then, the ring spacing corresponding to the potential energy distribution with strong continuity is selected as the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers.

[0128] Step 3: Based on the design parameters of the annular acoustic suspension device 20, two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases are manufactured using 3D printing technology; the design parameters of the annular acoustic suspension device 20 include the radius of the transducer ring, the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall, and the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers.

[0129] Step 4: Use 3D printing technology to manufacture the two semi-cylindrical outer walls 201 with transducer bases and multiple transducers 2021, and assemble them to obtain the annular acoustic suspension device 20 to be verified.

[0130] For example, a semi-cylindrical outer wall with transducer mounts was fabricated using 3D printing technology. Each transducer mount had a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 5 mm, providing a secure mounting for the transducers. Ultrasonic transducers were selected and placed in a ring of transducer rings at regular intervals along the axial direction of the cylindrical outer wall, for a total of five layers. Each layer of transducer rings contained eight evenly distributed transducers. Furthermore, a power supply system was designed, utilizing a 7.5V DC regulated power supply. An adjustable boost module increased the voltage to 20V, which was then connected to a motor driver module. An Arduino Nano main control board then generated a 40kHz square wave signal to control the emitted sound pressure of each transducer layer, achieving precise control of the sound field. This device design ensures a stable Bessel-shaped sound field by adjusting the ring structure and transducer arrangement.

[0131] Step 5: Verify the linear acceleration process of the particulate matter of the annular acoustic levitation device to be verified through computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments respectively; compare the verification results of the computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments, and optimize the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device 20.

[0132] Specifically, computer simulation and experiments are used to verify the acoustic propulsion process of the moving potential well, ensuring that the velocity and acceleration of the particle are almost equal to those of the potential well, and optimizing the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device 20 to achieve a stable moving potential well.

[0133] Specifically, Comsol software was used to simulate the acoustic propulsion process with gradually decreasing sound intensity to verify its feasibility, and the effect of decreasing sound pressure on particle stability and movement speed was verified through experiments to optimize the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device 20.

[0134] In this embodiment, the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device are determined by single-ring sound field simulation and multi-ring sound field simulation, and the two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases are manufactured by 3D printing technology. Two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple transducers are manufactured by 3D printing technology, and assembled to obtain the annular acoustic levitation device to be verified. The linear acceleration process of the particulate matter of the annular acoustic levitation device to be verified is verified by computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments respectively; the verification results of the computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments are compared to optimize the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device. In this embodiment, the feasibility and effectiveness of the technical solution are ensured through detailed simulation and experimental verification, and reliable data support and theoretical basis are provided. By optimizing the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device, the accuracy and reliability of the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion are improved.

[0135] The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method provided in this embodiment includes: a control device outputting a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, the control signal being used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of the transducer ring; each transducer generating an acoustic wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. In this embodiment, the control device outputs a control signal to each transducer to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of the transducer ring, thereby achieving precise control of the sound field distribution and potential well position; each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving the control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter. As can be seen, the solution of this embodiment achieves efficient and stable linear acceleration and propulsion of particulate matter in an air medium, providing an innovative solution for deep space exploration and low-thrust missions in a thin atmosphere.

[0136] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method includes the following steps.

[0137] First, 3D printing technology is used to make a semi-cylindrical outer wall with a transducer base to ensure the stable installation of the transducer.

[0138] Furthermore, ultrasonic transducers are selected to be assembled into a multi-layer transducer ring, and each layer ensures that the transducers are evenly distributed on the ring.

[0139] Furthermore, the circuit connection of the propulsion device is completed, including the DC regulated power supply, boost module, motor drive module and main control board, to ensure that the power supply and control signal connection of each transducer ring is stable and reliable.

[0140] Furthermore, granular matter is prepared as a medium and injected into the device.

[0141] Finally, by controlling the main control board to generate a square wave signal, the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring are adjusted to realize an acoustic propulsion scheme with a moving potential well and a layer-by-layer decrease in sound intensity, so that the particulate matter is accelerated in the wave field space and the required reverse thrust is obtained.

[0142] In this embodiment, precise device design, stable circuit connections, and fine acoustic wave control are combined to achieve efficient and stable linear acceleration of particulate matter.

[0143] In addition, in order to further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, a particle acceleration experiment in a zero-order Bessel sound field and an energy channel formation experiment in a first-order Bessel sound field were conducted to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention.

[0144] For the particle acceleration experiment in zero-order Bessel sound field. Specifically, Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the acoustic propulsion device based on the mobile potential well provided by the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown in Figure 1, the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system uses the following equipment: a 3D-printed semi-cylindrical outer wall with a transducer base, a 10mm diameter 40kHz ultrasonic transducer, a DC regulated power supply, an LTC1871 adjustable boost module, an L298N motor driver module, an Arduino Nano main control board, and Potentiometer.

[0145] The device is powered by a 7.5V DC regulated power supply. An Arduino Nano control board generates a 40kHz square wave signal. An LTC1871 boost module boosts the 7.5V to 20V, and a potentiometer is connected to adjust the input voltage to the L298N driver module. The square wave signal generated by the Arduino Nano control board is amplified by the L298N driver module, ultimately generating a square wave with a maximum peak-to-peak value of 20V. The peak-to-peak value of the square wave signal can be adjusted using the corresponding potentiometer. Three layers of transducer rings are fixed to the outer walls of the two semi-cylinders and then assembled to form a single cylinder.

[0146] After assembling the experimental device, conduct the following experiments:

[0147] (a) Single-ring suspension experiment

[0148] Only the middle ring is opened, and granular matter is put in to observe the suspension position of the granular matter and test the stability of the particles.

[0149] (b) Particle movement experiment

[0150] If experiment (a) matches the simulation results, place the particle in the loop and adjust the potentiometer according to the designed process to adjust the emitted sound pressure of each ring layer. Observe whether the particle's behavior during a movement cycle matches the simulation results. Record the particle's travel distance and compare it with the simulation results. In experiment (a), the particle diameter was approximately 3 mm. The experiment found that when only the second ring layer was activated, the particle could float between the first and second ring layers and between the second and third ring layers, with the particle being closer to the first and third ring layers. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the suspension of particles by the zero-order Bessel sound field provided by the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown in Figure 3, the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. Potential wells are generated above and below the second-layer ring, and their positions are very close to those in the experimental results.

[0151] The stability of particle suspension was tested. After the particles were slightly disturbed, they were very likely to oscillate along the angular direction. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the zero-order Bessel acoustic field suspension stability experiment provided by this application. Figure 6 This phenomenon verifies that the potential well of the zero-order Bessel acoustic field is an annular potential well, and the potential well has stable constraints in both radial and axial directions.

[0152] Based on this phenomenon, we redesigned a method for moving the potential well: Assume that rings a, b, and c are arranged in sequence, with ring b in the middle. Initially, ring a is open to 100%, and rings b and c are closed. This creates a potential well between rings a and b. To begin moving the potential well, we first increase the sound pressure emitted by ring c from 0 to 100%, causing the potential well to move from the center between rings a and b to the center of ring b. Then, we reduce the sound pressure emitted by ring a from 100% to 0, causing the potential well to move from the center of ring b to the center between rings b and c. This alternating control sequence also achieves the desired effect of moving the potential well.

[0153] The experimental results of controlling particle movement are as follows Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the potential well movement experimental process of double-loop control provided by the present invention. Figure 7 The voltage of the 2nd and 4th ring layers and the position of the particles are recorded in the graph. The particle diameter is about 3mm, the maximum voltage is about 20V, and the scale is 2mm per grid. Figure 7 (a) to Figure 7 (b), the particle moved about 1.5 grids, about 3 mm; Figure 7 (b) to Figure 7 (c) The particle moves about 2 grid positions, about 4mm, and a total movement of 7mm. Then make a graph showing the change of the lowest point position of the potential well during half a cycle as the movement cycle progresses, as shown in the figure below. Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the change of the lowest point position of the acoustic field potential well provided by the present invention with the voltage ratio of the second layer ring. Figure 8As can be seen in the figure, the experimental results agree well with the simulation results. Due to the potential influence of the scale on the acoustic field and particle motion, the measured particle movement distance may not be accurate. However, this is sufficient to demonstrate that the method can effectively move the potential well, thereby driving the particle forward, verifying the feasibility of the acoustic propulsion method based on the moving potential well.

[0154] Experiment on forming energy channels for the first-order Bessel sound field. Specifically, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a five-layer first-order Bessel morphoacoustic suspension device provided by this application. Figure 9 The experimental setup, shown in Figure 1, utilizes the following equipment: a 3D-printed semi-cylindrical outer wall with a transducer base, a 10mm diameter, 40kHz ultrasonic transducer, a DC regulated power supply, an LTC1871 adjustable boost module, an L298N motor driver module, and an FPGA main control board. The assembled experimental setup is shown in Figure 1. The setup is powered by a 7.5V DC regulated power supply. The FPGA main control board generates eight 40kHz square wave signals with a phase difference of π / 4 between each pair. The LTC1871 boost module boosts the 7.5V to 15V, and a potentiometer is connected to adjust the input voltage to the L298N driver module. The square wave signal generated by the Arduino Nano is then amplified by the L298N driver module, ultimately generating a 15V peak-to-peak square wave signal. Five layers of transducer rings are fixed to each of the two semi-cylindrical outer walls and assembled to form a cylinder. The two signals with a phase difference of π are connected to the positive and negative poles of a column of transducers respectively, and the circuits are connected in sequence. Finally, the signals at both ends of each transducer are square wave signals with a peak-to-peak value of 30V.

[0155] After assembling the experimental apparatus, conduct a multi-ring suspension experiment: open the apparatus, add foam particles, observe the suspended position of the particles, observe their stability after perturbation, and calculate the restraining force. Then, add a small foam stick and observe how the apparatus suspends a long object.

[0156] For the foam particles, more than five stable suspension points were observed on the axis, which were located in the center of each ring layer and between the second and third ring layers and the third and fourth ring layers. Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the suspension points on the axis of the five-layer first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic suspension device provided by the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 10 As shown, five suspension points are located at the center of the ring, and the suspended particles rotate at high speed within the tube. In particular, the stability of the two suspension points between the rings is slightly weaker than that of the suspension point at the center. The particle suspension experiment validates the simulation results of the single-ring Bessel-shaped acoustic field.

[0157] To investigate the stability of the suspension, a particle with a diameter of about 3 mm suspended on the axis was perturbed and its recovery process was recorded with a high-speed camera at a frame rate of 4352 fps. The acceleration was calculated using the second-order difference. The results are as follows: Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 This diagram illustrates the stability of particles in the first-order Bessel-shaped acoustic levitation device provided by the present invention after a perturbation. During this process, the maximum displacement is approximately 2 mm, and the maximum acceleration is close to 4000 m / s². Based on this, the maximum restraining force calculated during this process is approximately 3 mN. Due to the uncertainty of the perturbation, the maximum restraining force during this process may differ from the maximum restraining force of the potential well, but it is sufficient to demonstrate that the potential well is sufficiently stable to restrain the particles.

[0158] A small foam stick with a diameter of about 3 mm was placed in the tube, and it was found that the foam stick could be suspended on the central axis and rotate at high speed. Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the foam stick provided by the present invention being suspended on an axis. Figure 12 As shown, the stick was found to be virtually unconstrained along the axis. When the device is tilted, it falls out under the influence of gravity, remaining constrained to the axis. This experiment demonstrates that the repulsive effect of the higher potential energy region on and near the axis on the stick is weaker than the constraining effect of the potential well on the stick, confirming the presence of a nearly continuous potential well along the axis of the device, consistent with simulation results. Furthermore, the successful confinement of the stick opens up new application scenarios for the device, including low-friction shaft designs such as turboprops and air bearings.

[0159] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one location or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0160] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented using software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or certain portions of the embodiments.

[0161] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system, characterized in that: include: control unit and toroidal acoustic suspension device; The annular acoustic suspension device is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings, each layer of transducer rings including multiple transducers; The control device is connected to each transducer, and is used to output a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, and the control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring; Each transducer is used to generate sound waves in response to receiving a control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter.

2. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control device includes: a main control board and a drive module; The main control board is connected to the driving module, and the main control board is used to output the intermediate control signal corresponding to each transducer to the driving module; The driving module is connected to each transducer, and is used to convert the intermediate control signal corresponding to each transducer into a control signal corresponding to each transducer, and output the control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer.

3. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system further includes: a DC regulated power supply and a boost circuit; The DC regulated power supply is used to output a DC voltage signal; The input end of the boost circuit is connected to the DC regulated power supply, and the output end of the boost circuit is connected to each transducer, for converting the DC voltage signal into a power supply signal adapted to each transducer.

4. A linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method, characterized in that: The invention is applied to a linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system, the linear acceleration acoustic propulsion system comprising a control device and an annular acoustic suspension device; the annular acoustic suspension device is assembled from two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and multiple layers of transducer rings, each layer of transducer rings comprising multiple transducers; the method comprises: The control device outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, wherein the control signal is used to control the emission sound pressure and phase relationship of each layer of transducer ring; Each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving a control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel acoustic field, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter.

5. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Bessel sound field is a zero-order Bessel sound field or a first-order Bessel sound field.

6. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control signal includes a zero-order Bessel sound field control signal; The control device outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, specifically including: The control device outputs a zero-order Bessel sound field control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer; Each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving a control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter, specifically comprising: Each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving a zero-order Bessel acoustic field control signal, thereby realizing acoustic propulsion based on a moving potential well, thereby achieving linear acceleration of particulate matter.

7. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control signal includes a first-order Bessel sound field control signal; the control device outputs a control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer, specifically including: The control device outputs a first-order Bessel sound field control signal corresponding to each transducer to each transducer; Each transducer generates an acoustic wave in response to receiving a control signal, so that the annular acoustic levitation device generates a Bessel sound field to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter, specifically comprising: Each transducer generates a sound wave in response to receiving a first-order Bessel sound field control signal, thereby realizing acoustic propulsion with a sound intensity decreasing layer by layer, so as to achieve linear acceleration of particulate matter.

8. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Through single-ring sound field simulation, the radius of the transducer ring and the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall are determined; Determine the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers through multi-ring acoustic field simulation; Based on the design parameters of the annular acoustic suspension device, the two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases are manufactured using 3D printing technology; the design parameters of the annular acoustic suspension device include the radius of the transducer ring, the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall, and the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers.

9. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases are manufactured by 3D printing technology based on the radius of the transducer ring, the radius of the semi-cylindrical outer wall, and the spacing between adjacent transducer ring layers, the method further includes: The two semi-cylindrical outer walls with transducer bases and a plurality of transducers are manufactured using 3D printing technology, and assembled to obtain the annular acoustic levitation device to be verified; Verifying the linear acceleration process of the particulate matter of the to-be-verified annular acoustic levitation device through computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments respectively; By comparing the verification results of computer simulation and acoustic propulsion experiments, the design parameters of the annular acoustic levitation device are optimized.

10. The linear acceleration acoustic propulsion method according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that: The control signal is a square wave signal.

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