Direct-cooling thermal management system, control method and energy storage system applying same

Abstract

The application discloses a direct-cooling type thermal management system, a control method and an energy storage system applying the same, relates to the technical field of thermal management systems, and comprises a compressor, a condenser, a first evaporation heat exchanger, a second sub-throttling device and a second evaporation heat exchanger which are sequentially and circularly communicated to form a refrigerant circulation loop; a total throttling device is arranged at the refrigerant output end of the condenser, and / or a first sub-throttling device is arranged before the refrigerant input end of the first evaporation heat exchanger; the total throttling device is used for throttling the refrigerant output by the condenser, the first sub-throttling device is used for throttling the refrigerant entering the first evaporation heat exchanger, and the second sub-throttling device is used for throttling the refrigerant entering the second evaporation heat exchanger. The application can accurately control the temperature of the battery pack and the power conversion device in the energy storage system respectively, meets the different thermal management requirements of the battery pack and the power conversion device, and has the characteristics of simple system scheme, high energy efficiency and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management system technology, specifically to a direct-cooling thermal management system, a control method, and an energy storage system using the same. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of power system transformation and upgrading, the controllability and storability of electrical energy have become one of the core development priorities. In this context, energy storage systems will also play the role of backup power and power source to enhance the reliability of the power system and prevent accidental power outages. Energy storage systems based on lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of flexible site selection, short construction period, and good regulation performance. At the same time, lithium-ion batteries themselves have high safety performance. These characteristics have led to the widespread application of energy storage systems based on lithium-ion batteries.

[0003] Auxiliary system power consumption is one of the important factors affecting the power-to-electric conversion efficiency of energy storage systems. Experiments have verified that the auxiliary system power consumption rate of energy storage systems based on lithium iron phosphate batteries is as high as 10% or more. The auxiliary system power consumption is mainly generated by the cooling power consumption of the thermal management system. Therefore, the cooling power consumption generated by the thermal management system will reduce the overall power-to-electric conversion efficiency of the energy storage system by about 5%.

[0004] Direct-cooling thermal management systems can directly exchange heat with the heat-generating elements of energy storage systems (especially battery packs and power conversion devices) through evaporative heat exchangers. Compared with thermal management systems equipped with liquid-cooled units (also known as "liquid-cooled air conditioners"), this reduces the heat exchange efficiency loss of the liquid cooling medium, thereby improving the energy-saving effect of both the thermal management system and the energy storage system, and reducing the cost of the thermal management system. In addition, direct-cooling thermal management systems have many advantages such as no need for regular maintenance of the liquid cooling medium, no need for liquid cooling medium recycling and disposal, and no need to consider liquid cooling medium leakage. Therefore, direct-cooling thermal management systems have gained widespread attention.

[0005] Existing direct-cooling thermal management systems still have the following technical problems:

[0006] Power conversion devices in energy storage systems, such as high-voltage circuit control units (i.e., high-voltage boxes), converters (i.e., PCS), and inverters, also generate heat during operation and have thermal management requirements. For thermal management systems equipped with liquid-cooled units, liquid-cooled medium branches can be established to achieve thermal management of power conversion devices. However, the battery packs and power conversion devices in energy storage systems generate different amounts of heat and have different temperature control requirements. If a direct-cooling thermal management system is used to thermally manage both the battery packs and power conversion devices in the energy storage system, it will be impossible to balance the different needs of the battery packs and power conversion devices.

[0007] In summary, providing a reasonable direct-cooling thermal management system and its control method for battery packs and power conversion devices in energy storage systems has become one of the urgent problems to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a direct-cooling thermal management system, a control method, and an energy storage system using the same, which can provide a reasonable direct-cooling thermal management system and its control method for battery packs and power conversion devices in the energy storage system.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a direct-cooling thermal management system for thermal management of a first thermal management object and a second thermal management object in an energy storage system; it includes a compressor, a condenser with a fan, a first evaporative heat exchanger, a second sub-throttling device, and a second evaporative heat exchanger; the compressor, the condenser, the first evaporative heat exchanger, the second sub-throttling device, and the second evaporative heat exchanger are sequentially and cyclically connected to form a refrigerant circulation loop; and a main throttling device is provided after the refrigerant output end of the condenser, and / or a first sub-throttling device is provided before the refrigerant input end of the first evaporative heat exchanger; the first evaporative heat exchanger is capable of heat exchange with the first thermal management object, and the second evaporative heat exchanger is capable of heat exchange with the second thermal management object; the main throttling device is used to throttle the refrigerant output from the condenser, the first sub-throttling device is used to throttle the refrigerant entering the first evaporative heat exchanger, and the second sub-throttling device is used to throttle the refrigerant entering the second evaporative heat exchanger.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the direct-cooling thermal management system of the present invention further includes a refrigerant distributor; several groups of the first sub-throttling devices and the first evaporative heat exchangers are configured; the main throttling device is connected to the refrigerant input end of the refrigerant distributor, and several refrigerant output ends of the refrigerant distributor are respectively connected to each of the first sub-throttling devices, thereby distributing the refrigerant to each group of the first sub-throttling devices and the first evaporative heat exchangers to form several refrigerant branches; after the refrigerant output ends of the first evaporative heat exchangers in each of the refrigerant branches converge, they are connected to the second sub-throttling device.

[0011] In the above technical solution, after the refrigerant output end of the first evaporator heat exchanger, there is another refrigerant bypass return branch that is directly connected to the compressor.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the direct-cooling thermal management system of the present invention further includes a refrigerant regenerator; after the refrigerant output end of the condenser, a refrigerant bypass regeneration branch is configured to connect to one side of the refrigerant regenerator; the other side of the refrigerant regenerator is connected to the refrigerant input end of the compressor.

[0013] In the above technical solution, each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another refrigerant branch through at least one flow equalization branch.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the first thermal management object in the energy storage system is the battery pack, and the second thermal management object in the energy storage system is the power conversion device.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the direct-cooling thermal management system of the present invention further includes:

[0016] Pressure sensor P1 is connected after the refrigerant output terminal of the condenser;

[0017] Pressure sensor P2 is connected to the refrigerant flow channel after the refrigerant output end of the first evaporator heat exchanger in each of the refrigerant branches converges;

[0018] Pressure sensor P3 is connected before the refrigerant inlet of the compressor;

[0019] Temperature sensor T1 is connected before the refrigerant input terminal of the refrigerant distributor;

[0020] Several temperature sensors T2 are connected to the refrigerant output terminal of the first evaporator heat exchanger in each of the refrigerant branches;

[0021] Temperature sensor Tout is connected after the refrigerant output terminal of the second evaporator heat exchanger;

[0022] A temperature sensor, Tcom, is connected before the refrigerant inlet of the compressor;

[0023] And, an ambient temperature sensor Ta, used to detect ambient temperature.

[0024] A control method for a direct-cooling thermal management system, which is applied to the aforementioned direct-cooling thermal management system;

[0025] The control method includes:

[0026] When the compressor operates, it drives the refrigerant through the compressor, condenser, main throttling device, first sub-throttling device, first evaporator heat exchanger, second sub-throttling device, and second evaporator heat exchanger in sequence to complete the refrigerant circulation process.

[0027] During the refrigerant circulation process: the refrigerant output from the condenser is throttled through the main throttling device, the refrigerant entering the first evaporator heat exchanger is throttled through the first sub-throttling device, and the refrigerant entering the second evaporator heat exchanger is throttled through the second sub-throttling device.

[0028] The control method described above also includes, during the refrigerant circulation process:

[0029] Based on the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor P1, the fan speed of the condenser is adjusted to maintain the outlet pressure of the condenser within a preset range.

[0030] Based on the temperature value fed back by the temperature sensor Tcom and / or the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor P3, the opening of the main throttling device is adjusted to maintain the return gas temperature and / or return gas pressure of the compressor within a preset range.

[0031] Based on the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor P2, the temperature value fed back by the ambient temperature sensor Ta, and the temperature values ​​fed back by each of the temperature sensors T2, the speed of the compressor is adjusted, and the opening degree of the corresponding first sub-throttling device is adjusted, so as to maintain the evaporation temperature and outlet superheat of each first sub-throttling device within a preset range.

[0032] Based on the temperature value fed back by the temperature sensor Tout, the opening of the second sub-throttling device is adjusted to maintain the temperature of the second thermally managed object within a preset range.

[0033] An energy storage system comprising the aforementioned direct-cooling thermal management system.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The direct-cooling thermal management system, control method, and energy storage system using the present invention allow the first evaporator heat exchanger to exchange heat with the first thermally managed object, the second evaporator heat exchanger to exchange heat with the second thermally managed object, the main throttling device to throttle the refrigerant output from the condenser, the first sub-throttling device to throttle the refrigerant entering the first evaporator heat exchanger, and the second sub-throttling device to throttle the refrigerant entering the second evaporator heat exchanger; through a single direct-cooling thermal management system, thermal management can be provided simultaneously for the battery pack and power conversion device in the energy storage system. Compared with a thermal management system equipped with a liquid cooling unit, the direct-cooling thermal management system of the present invention has the advantages of not requiring regular maintenance of the liquid cooling medium and having no... This invention offers numerous advantages, including the elimination of the need for liquid cooling medium recycling and the lack of concerns about liquid cooling medium leakage, while also saving the cost of liquid cooling units. The direct-cooling thermal management system of this invention features a main throttling device for throttling the refrigerant output from the condenser, a first sub-throttling device for throttling the refrigerant entering the first evaporator heat exchanger, and a second sub-throttling device for throttling the refrigerant entering the second evaporator heat exchanger. This allows for precise temperature control of the battery pack and power conversion device within the energy storage system, meeting their different thermal management requirements. Furthermore, the direct-cooling thermal management system, control method, and energy storage system using these features also possess characteristics such as simple system design and high energy efficiency, effectively improving the reliability and lifespan of the energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a system structure view of the direct-cooling thermal management system in this invention.

[0036] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Compressor; 2. Condenser; 21. Fan; 3. Main throttling device; 4. Refrigerant distributor; 5. First sub-throttling device; 6. First evaporator heat exchanger; 7. Second sub-throttling device; 8. Second evaporator heat exchanger; 9. Refrigerant regenerator; 100. First thermal management object; 200. Second thermal management object; 300. Refrigerant branch; 400. Flow equalization branch; 500. Refrigerant bypass return branch; 600. Refrigerant bypass heat recovery branch. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] This embodiment provides a direct-cooling thermal management system for thermal management of a first thermal management object and a second thermal management object in an energy storage system.

[0039] Please see Figure 1 In this embodiment, the first thermal management object 100 in the energy storage system is the battery pack; the second thermal management object 200 in the energy storage system is the power conversion device, which includes a high-voltage circuit control unit (i.e., a high-voltage box) and a converter (i.e., a PCS).

[0040] Please see Figure 1 The direct-cooling thermal management system of this embodiment includes a compressor 1, a condenser 2 with a fan 21, a first evaporative heat exchanger 6, a second sub-throttling device 7, and a second evaporative heat exchanger 8.

[0041] Compressor 1, condenser 2, first evaporator heat exchanger 6, second sub-throttling device 7 and second evaporator heat exchanger 8 are sequentially connected in a loop to form a refrigerant circulation loop.

[0042] Furthermore, a main throttling device 3 is provided after the refrigerant output end of the condenser 2, and / or a first sub-throttling device 5 is provided before the refrigerant input end of the first evaporator heat exchanger 6; specifically, in the direct-cooling thermal management system, the main throttling device 3 can be provided alone, the first sub-throttling device 5 can be provided alone, or both the main throttling device 3 and the first sub-throttling device 5 can be provided simultaneously.

[0043] It should be noted that the connections between the above-mentioned components are all achieved through dedicated refrigerant pipes.

[0044] The first evaporative heat exchanger 6 can exchange heat with the first thermal management object 100. Specifically, the first evaporative heat exchanger 6 is attached to the surface of the first thermal management object 100 or embedded in the first thermal management object 100, so as to directly absorb heat from the first thermal management object 100. The second evaporative heat exchanger 8 can exchange heat with the second thermal management object 200. Specifically, the second evaporative heat exchanger 8 is attached to the surface of the second thermal management object 200 or embedded in the second thermal management object 200, so as to directly absorb heat from the second thermal management object 200.

[0045] The main throttling device 3 is used to throttle the refrigerant output from the condenser 2, the first sub-throttling device 5 is used to throttle the refrigerant entering the first evaporator heat exchanger 6, and the second sub-throttling device 7 is used to throttle the refrigerant entering the second evaporator heat exchanger 8.

[0046] The compressor 1 is a compressor used to compress refrigerant in the refrigeration system, preferably a variable frequency compressor; the condenser 2 is a condenser in the refrigeration system, which dissipates heat through its own attached fan 21, preferably an electronic fan capable of precise speed adjustment; the main throttling device 3, the first sub-throttling device 5, and the second sub-throttling device 7 are all throttling devices in the refrigeration system, preferably electronic expansion valves; the first evaporator heat exchanger 6 and the second evaporator heat exchanger 8 are both metal heat exchangers, which are provided with a refrigerant evaporation structure and are used as evaporators in the refrigeration system. In addition, the first evaporator heat exchanger 6 and the second evaporator heat exchanger 8 can realize heat exchange between the low-temperature refrigerant and the heat management object. Specifically, the first evaporator heat exchanger 6 and the second evaporator heat exchanger 8 are attached to the surface of the heat management object or embedded in the heat management object, so as to directly absorb heat from the heat management object.

[0047] It is understood that the direct-cooling thermal management system of this embodiment also includes a host computer (such as a thermal management system dedicated controller, energy storage system controller, industrial control computer and programmable controller, etc.). The host computer is at least connected to the fan 21 of the compressor 1 and the condenser 2, the main throttling device 3, the first sub-throttling device 5 and the second sub-throttling device 7 respectively, so as to adjust and control the above-mentioned components.

[0048] Furthermore, the direct-cooling thermal management system of this embodiment also includes a refrigerant distributor 4, which has a refrigerant input terminal and several refrigerant output terminals, used to distribute the refrigerant input to its refrigerant input terminal to the branches through the respective refrigerant output terminals; several sets of first sub-throttling devices 5 and first evaporative heat exchangers 6 are configured, that is, one first sub-throttling device 5 and one first evaporative heat exchanger 6 form a set; the main throttling device 3 is connected to the refrigerant input terminal of the refrigerant distributor 4. The refrigerant output terminals of the refrigerant distributor 4 are connected to each of the first sub-throttling devices 5, thereby distributing the refrigerant to each group of first sub-throttling devices 5 and the first evaporator heat exchanger 6, forming several refrigerant branches 300; after the refrigerant output terminals of the first evaporator heat exchanger 6 in each refrigerant branch 300 converge, they are connected to the second sub-throttling device 7; it can be understood that in each refrigerant branch 300, the first sub-throttling device 5 is used to throttle the refrigerant entering the first evaporator heat exchanger 6.

[0049] Furthermore, after the refrigerant output end of the first evaporator heat exchanger 6, a refrigerant bypass return branch 500 directly connected to the compressor 1 is provided; in this embodiment, the refrigerant bypass return branch 500 is connected to the refrigerant flow channel after the refrigerant output end of the first evaporator heat exchanger 6 in each of the refrigerant branches 300 converges; the refrigerant bypass return branch 500 is provided to allow the refrigerant to return to the refrigerant input end of the compressor 1 when the second sub-throttling device 7 is fully closed.

[0050] Furthermore, the direct-cooling thermal management system of this embodiment also includes a refrigerant regenerator 9, wherein the refrigerant regenerator 9 (also known as a "subcooler") is a metal component, has at least two refrigerant channels, and heat exchange can occur between the two refrigerant channels of the refrigerant regenerator 9; after the refrigerant output end of the condenser 2, a refrigerant bypass heat recovery branch 600 is configured to connect to one side of the refrigerant regenerator 9; the other side of the refrigerant regenerator 9 is connected to the refrigerant input end of the compressor 1.

[0051] Furthermore, to ensure a more balanced refrigerant state in each refrigerant branch 300, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another refrigerant branch 300 via at least one flow-equalizing branch 400; such as Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch 300 through a single flow equalization branch 400.

[0052] Furthermore, the direct-cooling thermal management system of this embodiment also includes:

[0053] Pressure sensor P1 is connected after the refrigerant output terminal of condenser 2;

[0054] Pressure sensor P2 is connected to the refrigerant flow channel after the refrigerant output end of the first evaporator heat exchanger 6 in each refrigerant branch 300 converges.

[0055] Pressure sensor P3 is connected before the refrigerant inlet of compressor 1;

[0056] Temperature sensor T1 is connected before the refrigerant input terminal of refrigerant distributor 4;

[0057] Several temperature sensors T2 are connected to the refrigerant output terminal of the first evaporator heat exchanger 6 in each refrigerant branch 300;

[0058] Temperature sensor Tout is connected after the refrigerant output terminal of the second evaporator heat exchanger 8;

[0059] Temperature sensor Tcom is connected before the refrigerant input of compressor 1;

[0060] And, an ambient temperature sensor Ta, used to detect ambient temperature.

[0061] It is understood that all of the above sensors are connected to the host computer signal of the direct-cooling thermal management system. After setting the above sensors, the host computer of the direct-cooling thermal management system can perform closed-loop control on the fan 21 of the compressor 1 and condenser 2, the main throttling device 3, the first sub-throttling device 5 and the second sub-throttling device 7 according to the pressure and temperature values ​​fed back by the above sensors.

[0062] This embodiment also provides a control method for a direct-cooling thermal management system, which is applied to the aforementioned direct-cooling thermal management system.

[0063] The control method includes:

[0064] When compressor 1 is running, it drives the refrigerant through compressor 1, condenser 2, main throttling device 3, first sub-throttling device 5, first evaporator heat exchanger 6, second sub-throttling device 7 and second evaporator heat exchanger 8 in sequence to complete the refrigerant circulation process.

[0065] During the refrigerant circulation process: the refrigerant output from the condenser 2 is throttled by the main throttling device 3, the refrigerant entering the first evaporator heat exchanger 6 is throttled by the first sub-throttling device 5, and the refrigerant entering the second evaporator heat exchanger 8 is throttled by the second sub-throttling device 7.

[0066] Furthermore, in order to achieve closed-loop control of the direct-cooling thermal management system, the control method also includes,

[0067] During the refrigerant circulation process:

[0068] Based on the pressure value fed back by pressure sensor P1, the speed of fan 21 of condenser 2 is adjusted to maintain the outlet pressure of condenser 2 (which is directly measured by pressure sensor P1) within a preset range.

[0069] Based on the temperature value fed back by temperature sensor Tcom and / or the pressure value fed back by pressure sensor P3, the opening of the main throttling device 3 is adjusted to maintain the return gas temperature (directly measured by temperature sensor Tcom) and / or return gas pressure (directly measured by pressure sensor P3) of compressor 1 within a preset range.

[0070] Based on the pressure value fed back by pressure sensor P2, the temperature value fed back by ambient temperature sensor Ta, and the temperature values ​​fed back by various temperature sensors T2, the speed of compressor 1 is adjusted, and the opening degree of the corresponding first sub-throttling device 5 is adjusted, so as to maintain the evaporation temperature and outlet superheat of each first sub-throttling device 5 (the evaporation temperature and outlet superheat are both obtained by calculation based on the pressure value fed back by pressure sensor P2 and the temperature value fed back by temperature sensor T2) within the preset range.

[0071] Based on the temperature value fed back by the temperature sensor Tout, the opening of the second sub-throttling device 7 is adjusted to maintain the temperature of the second thermal management object 200 (which is directly measured by the built-in temperature sensor of the second thermal management object 200) within a preset range.

[0072] This embodiment also provides an energy storage system, which includes the above-described direct-cooling thermal management system.

[0073] In this embodiment, the direct-cooling thermal management system, control method, and energy storage system using the same are described. The first evaporator heat exchanger 6 can exchange heat with the first thermally managed object 100, and the second evaporator heat exchanger 8 can exchange heat with the second thermally managed object 200. The main throttling device 3 is used to throttle the refrigerant output from the condenser 2, the first sub-throttling device 5 is used to throttle the refrigerant entering the first evaporator heat exchanger 6, and the second sub-throttling device 7 is used to throttle the refrigerant entering the second evaporator heat exchanger 8. Through this direct-cooling thermal management system, thermal management can be simultaneously provided for the battery pack and power conversion device in the energy storage system. Compared to a thermal management system equipped with a liquid cooling unit, the direct-cooling thermal management system of this embodiment eliminates the need for periodic maintenance of the liquid cooling medium and requires no recycling. The direct-cooling thermal management system of this embodiment offers numerous advantages, including the elimination of concerns about liquid cooling medium leakage and the elimination of the cost of liquid cooling units. The main throttling device 3 throttles the refrigerant output from the condenser 2, the first sub-throttling device 5 throttles the refrigerant entering the first evaporator heat exchanger 6, and the second sub-throttling device 7 throttles the refrigerant entering the second evaporator heat exchanger 8. This allows for precise temperature control of the battery pack and power conversion device within the energy storage system, meeting their different thermal management requirements. Furthermore, the direct-cooling thermal management system, control method, and energy storage system using this embodiment feature a simple system design and high energy efficiency, effectively improving the reliability and lifespan of the energy storage system.

[0074] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A direct cooling type thermal management system for thermal management of a first thermal management object and a second thermal management object in an energy storage system, comprising a compressor, a condenser with a fan, a first evaporative heat exchanger, a second sub-throttling device and a second evaporative heat exchanger; the compressor, the condenser, the first evaporative heat exchanger, the second sub-throttling device and the second evaporative heat exchanger are sequentially and circularly connected to form a refrigerant circulation loop; and a total throttling device is arranged after the refrigerant output end of the condenser, and / or a first sub-throttling device is arranged before the refrigerant input end of the first evaporative heat exchanger; the first evaporative heat exchanger is capable of exchanging heat with the first thermal management object, and the second evaporative heat exchanger is capable of exchanging heat with the second thermal management object; the total throttling device is used for throttling the refrigerant output by the condenser, the first sub-throttling device is used for throttling the refrigerant entering the first evaporative heat exchanger, and the second sub-throttling device is used for throttling the refrigerant entering the second evaporative heat exchanger; further comprising a refrigerant flow divider; the first sub-throttling device and the first evaporative heat exchanger are configured in several groups; the total throttling device is connected to the refrigerant input end of the refrigerant flow divider, and the several refrigerant output ends of the refrigerant flow divider are respectively connected to each of the first sub-throttling devices, so as to distribute the refrigerant to each of the first sub-throttling devices and the first evaporative heat exchangers to form several refrigerant branches; the refrigerant output ends of the first evaporative heat exchangers in each of the refrigerant branches are connected to the second sub-throttling device after being converged; further comprising a refrigerant recuperator; another refrigerant bypass recuperation branch connected to one side of the refrigerant recuperator is arranged after the refrigerant output end of the condenser; the other side of the refrigerant recuperator is connected before the refrigerant input end of the compressor; a refrigerant bypass return branch directly connected to the compressor is arranged after the refrigerant output end of the first evaporative heat exchanger; each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another refrigerant branch through at least one flow equalization branch; the first thermal management object in the energy storage system is a battery pack, and the second thermal management object in the energy storage system is a power conversion device; further comprising: a pressure sensor P1 connected after the refrigerant output end of the condenser; a pressure sensor P2 connected at the refrigerant flow passage after the refrigerant output ends of the first evaporative heat exchangers in each of the refrigerant branches are converged; a pressure sensor P3 connected before the refrigerant input end of the compressor; a temperature sensor T1 connected before the refrigerant input end of the refrigerant flow divider; several temperature sensors T2 connected after the refrigerant output ends of the first evaporative heat exchangers in each of the refrigerant branches; a temperature sensor Tout connected after the refrigerant output end of the second evaporative heat exchanger; a temperature sensor Tcom connected before the refrigerant input end of the compressor; and an ambient temperature sensor Ta for detecting ambient temperature; the direct cooling type thermal management system is applied to any one of claims 1-5; and the control method comprises: characterized in that ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The direct-cooling thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, ​ 3. The direct-cooling thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, ​ 4. The direct-cooling thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, ​ 5. The direct-cooling thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6. A control method of a direct-cooling type thermal management system, characterized by, ​ ​ The compressor operates to drive the refrigerant to sequentially pass through the compressor, the condenser, the total throttling device, the first sub-throttling device, the first evaporation heat exchanger, the second sub-throttling device and the second evaporation heat exchanger to complete the refrigerant circulation process. In the refrigerant circulation process: the refrigerant output by the condenser is throttled by the total throttling device, the refrigerant entering the first evaporation heat exchanger is throttled by the first sub-throttling device, and the refrigerant entering the second evaporation heat exchanger is throttled by the second sub-throttling device.

7. The control method of the direct-cooling thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized by, The direct-cooling heat management system further comprises a refrigerant flow divider; The first sub-throttling device and the first evaporation heat exchanger are configured with a plurality of groups; The total throttling device is in communication with the refrigerant input end of the refrigerant flow divider, and a plurality of refrigerant output ends of the refrigerant flow divider are in communication with each first sub-throttling device respectively, so as to distribute the refrigerant to each group of first sub-throttling devices and first evaporation heat exchangers to form a plurality of refrigerant branches; The refrigerant output ends of the first evaporation heat exchangers in each refrigerant branch are connected in parallel and then connected to the second sub-throttling device; The direct-cooling heat management system further comprises: A pressure sensor P1 connected after the refrigerant output end of the condenser; A pressure sensor P2 connected at the refrigerant flow channel after the refrigerant output ends of the first evaporation heat exchangers in each refrigerant branch are connected in parallel; A pressure sensor P3 connected before the refrigerant input end of the compressor; A temperature sensor T1 connected before the refrigerant input end of the refrigerant flow divider; A plurality of temperature sensors T2 connected after the refrigerant output ends of the first evaporation heat exchangers in each refrigerant branch respectively; A temperature sensor Tout connected after the refrigerant output end of the second evaporation heat exchanger; A temperature sensor Tcom connected before the refrigerant input end of the compressor; and An ambient temperature sensor Ta for detecting the ambient temperature. The control method further comprises, In the refrigerant circulation process: According to the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor P1, the fan speed of the condenser is adjusted to maintain the outlet pressure of the condenser within a preset range; According to the temperature value fed back by the temperature sensor Tcom and / or the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor P3, the opening degree of the total throttling device is adjusted to maintain the return gas temperature and / or the return gas pressure of the compressor within a preset range; According to the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor P2, the temperature value fed back by the ambient temperature sensor Ta, and the temperature values fed back by each temperature sensor T2, the speed of the compressor and the opening degree of the corresponding first sub-throttling device are adjusted to maintain the evaporation temperature and the outlet superheat degree of each first sub-throttling device within a preset range; According to the temperature value fed back by the temperature sensor Tout, the opening degree of the second sub-throttling device is adjusted to maintain the temperature of the second heat management object within a preset range.

8. An energy storage system characterized by, The direct-cooling heat management system according to any one of claims 1-5. The direct-cooling heat management system according to any one of claims 1-5.

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