Traffic infrastructure road area slope plant species screening and configuration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a traffic infrastructure road area side slope plant species screening and configuration method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, investigating original area plant species, dividing the original area plant species into an artificial side slope and a natural side slope according to a forming mode, and calculating a plant important value of each plant species; 2, screening suitable plant species by adopting qualitative and quantitative index analysis, and determining a plant screening evaluation index weight in a certain specific region based on an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a specific region plant screening evaluation formula; and finally, screening pioneer species, group species and associated species with higher scores according to the screening scores. Step 3, performing division according to geological and geomorphic conditions and protection forms; and 4, performing coupling analysis on the specific region vegetation community structure and the target succession community structure to determine a final plant configuration form. According to the method, pioneer species, grouping species and associated species suitable for traffic infrastructure road area slopes in different typical regions can be screened out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of plant species screening and configuration methods, and in particular to a method for screening and configuring plant species on a road slope of a transportation infrastructure. Background Art

[0002] The selection of plant species should take into account the coordination with the surrounding natural ecological environment. In the process of selecting slope greening plant species and giving the configuration mode, attention should be paid to the rationality of plant distribution, with the differentiation of space, time and nutritional niche as the foothold, and the species of plants should be reasonably configured to avoid competition between species as much as possible.

[0003] When determining the plant species for slope greening, give priority to native plant species. This can reduce greening costs, reduce investment in slope greening construction and subsequent maintenance costs; try not to introduce alien plants blindly without in-depth investigation and understanding of their physiological characteristics.

[0004] When configuring plant species, the ratio of pioneer plant species to target plant species should be reasonably planned. Usually, pioneer plants can form a single landscape effect in the early stage of slope greening, but this landscape effect is poor. The ideal landscape effect of slope greening is to form a common growth of trees, shrubs, grasses, flowers and other plants, so as to achieve the aesthetic requirements of slope greening.

[0005] Interspecific connectivity reflects the relationship between plant species in spatial distribution. When determining the plant configuration pattern, selecting plant species with high interspecific connectivity as target plants is conducive to the formation of stable slope plant communities. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for screening and configuring plant species on road slopes of transportation infrastructure.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for screening and configuring plant species on a road slope of a transportation infrastructure comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Plant species survey

[0010] Survey the plant species in the original area, divide them into artificial slopes and natural slopes according to the way they are formed, and calculate the plant importance value of each plant;

[0011] Step 2: Plant species screening

[0012] Qualitative and quantitative indicators are used to analyze and screen suitable plant species. The weights of plant screening evaluation indicators in a specific area are determined based on the hierarchical analysis method, and the plant screening evaluation formula for a specific area is obtained. Finally, the pioneer species, community-building species and companion species with higher scores are selected according to the screening scores.

[0013] Step 3: Regional site type classification

[0014] The division is carried out in two ways: according to geological and geomorphological conditions and according to the form of protection;

[0015] Step 4: Plant species configuration

[0016] The final plant configuration is determined by coupling analysis of the vegetation community structure in a specific area with the target succession community structure.

[0017] Preferably, in step 1, the contents of the survey on plant species in the original area include surface conditions, plant species, soil types and community types.

[0018] Preferably, the surface conditions record the geological and geomorphological conditions, slope gradient and slope aspect; the plant species are surveyed by plotting, with the tree plot set at 10m×10m, with 5 samples; the shrub plot set at 5m×5m, with 5 samples; the herb plot set at 1m×1m, with 10 samples; the soil type records the soil or rock type of the survey point; the community type counts the community types of different plots, which are divided into tree and shrub forests, shrub and grass forests, grasslands and wastelands.

[0019] Preferably, in step 1, the plant importance value of each plant is calculated using the following calculation formula:

[0020] Iv=(Cr+Dr+Fr) / 3

[0021] Among them I v Indicates the importance value of a plant species, C r Indicates the relative coverage of a certain plant species, D r Indicates the relative density of a plant species, F r Indicates the relative frequency of a plant species.

[0022] Preferably, in step 1, the top five plant species ranked in terms of plant importance value under artificial slope and natural slope conditions and present in different sample plot surveys are identified as community-building species, and other plant species are identified as companion species; and the shrub or herbaceous plant species used in the construction of transportation infrastructure in a specific area are identified as pioneer species.

[0023] Preferably, in step 2, according to the characteristics of transportation infrastructure construction and the characteristics of damaged road surface, the plant species screening evaluation indicators are determined from 5 aspects: plant stress resistance, plant protection, plant economy, plant landscape, and other indicators.

[0024] Preferably, in step 2, the specific area plant screening evaluation formula is as follows:

[0025] Cg=k1×C1+k1×C1+k1×C1+k1×C1...+kn×Cn

[0026] Cg is the screening score of a certain plant species; k1, k2, ...kn are weight values ​​of different evaluation indicators, sum(k1, k2, ...kn)=1; C1, C2, ...Cn are plant screening evaluation indicators for a specific area.

[0027] Preferably, in step 3, the method of dividing according to geological and geomorphological conditions is:

[0028] Three indicators, namely slope, slope aspect and geological conditions, were selected to divide different site conditions. Slope, as the main natural judgment factor for whether plants can grow, was divided into three categories: 0-30° was considered a gentle slope, 30-60° was considered a steep slope, and above 60° was an extremely steep slope; the slope aspect was divided into two categories, namely shady slope and sunny slope; the geological conditions were divided into three categories, soil, stone and soil and stone.

[0029] Preferably, in step 3, the protection forms include spraying, external fabric, anchor spraying and vine planting, planting bags, drilling and digging, and block protection.

[0030] Preferably, in step 4, the vegetation community structure of the specific area is obtained based on the survey of the native vegetation community, and the proportion of trees, shrubs and grasses in the typical vegetation community is used as the basis for determining the vegetation community structure of the specific area. The target succession community structure is obtained based on the survey of the artificial vegetation community in the road area, and similarly, the proportion of trees, shrubs and grasses in the typical vegetation community is also used as the basis for determining the target succession community structure. The final plant species configuration is between the two and is adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0032] The present invention can screen out pioneer species, community-building species and associated species suitable for road slopes of transportation infrastructure in different typical areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for screening and configuring plant species on a roadside slope of a transportation infrastructure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Step 1: Plant species survey

[0036] The survey of plant species in the original area is divided into artificial slopes and natural slopes according to the way they are formed. The survey content includes surface conditions, plant species, soil (rock) types, and community types. Among them, the surface conditions need to record geological and geomorphological conditions, slope gradient, and slope direction; the plant species are surveyed in sample plots. The tree sample plot is set to 10m×10m, with a sample size of 5; the shrub sample plot is set to 5m×5m, with a sample size of 5; the herb sample plot is set to 1m×1m, with a sample size of 10; in addition to counting the types and quantities of plant species in each sample plot, the coverage of different plant species also needs to be counted; the soil (rock) type needs to record the soil or rock type of the survey point. The community type needs to count the community types of different samples, which are divided into tree and shrub forests, shrub and grass forests, grasslands, and wastelands;

[0037] Calculate the plant importance value of each plant using the following formula:

[0038] I v =(C r +D r +F r ) / 3

[0039] Among them I v Indicates the importance value of a plant species, C r Indicates the relative coverage of a certain plant species, D r Indicates the relative density of a plant species, F r Indicates the relative frequency of a plant species;

[0040] Among them, the top five plant species ranked in plant importance value under artificial slope and natural slope conditions and present in different sample plots were identified as community-forming species, and other plant species were identified as associated species.

[0041] In addition, shrub or herbaceous plant species used in the construction of transportation infrastructure in a specific area are identified as pioneer species.

[0042] In summary, the set of plant species suitable for a certain area is determined based on the above survey methods.

[0043] Step 2: Plant species screening

[0044] Qualitative and quantitative indicators are used to analyze and screen suitable plant species. According to the characteristics of transportation infrastructure construction and the characteristics of damaged road surfaces, plant species screening evaluation indicators only need to be determined from five aspects: plant stress resistance, plant protection, plant economy, plant landscape and other indicators.

[0045] The specific evaluation indicators of each aspect are shown in Table 1;

[0046] Table 1: Specific evaluation indicators in various aspects

[0047]

[0048] The qualitative or quantitative grading standards for each indicator are shown in Table 2 below;

[0049] Table 2: Qualitative or quantitative grading standards for each indicator

[0050]

[0051]

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Based on the analytic hierarchy process, the weights of plant screening evaluation indicators in a specific area are determined, and the final plant screening evaluation formula for a specific area is as follows:

[0055] Cg=k1×C1+k1×C1+k1×C1+k1×C1...+kn×Cn

[0056] Cg is the screening score of a certain plant species; k1, k2, ...kn are the weight values ​​of different evaluation indicators, sum(k1, k2, ...kn) = 1; C1, C2, ...Cn are plant screening evaluation indicators for a specific area; finally, the pioneer species, group-building species and companion species with higher scores are selected according to the screening scores.

[0057] Step 3: Regional site type classification

[0058] There are two ways to divide it: according to geological and geomorphological conditions and according to the protection form;

[0059] 1. Classification according to geological and geomorphological conditions

[0060] Slope, aspect and geological conditions are selected to classify different site conditions; slope is the main natural judgment factor for whether plants can grow, and it is divided into three categories: 0-30° can be regarded as a gentle slope, which usually refers to the situation where the slope ratio is less than 1:1.5; 30-60° can be regarded as a steep slope, which usually refers to the situation where the slope ratio is between 1:1.5 and 1:0.5; above 60° is an extremely steep slope, which usually refers to the situation where the slope ratio is above 1:0.5; the aspect is divided into two categories, namely shady slope and sunny slope. Geological conditions are mainly divided into three categories, soil, stone and soil with stone; therefore, they can be divided into 12 types (excluding gentle slope stone slopes, extremely steep soil slopes and soil with stone slopes); according to the advantages and disadvantages of the site conditions, the 12 types are ranked and the plant screening attenuation coefficients are assigned respectively, and the attenuation amplitude is reduced in geometric proportion, see Table 3;

[0061] Table 3: Plant screening attenuation coefficients for different site types

[0062]

[0063] 2. Classification by protection form

[0064] When classifying by protection form, the main consideration is the difference in plant growth environment under common protection forms. Through a large number of surveys, it is found that the commonly used protection forms in road ecological restoration mainly include spraying, external fabric (vegetation blanket, carbon sink roll), anchor spraying vines, vegetation bags (ecological bags), drilling and digging, block protection, etc. These protection forms provide different environments for plant growth. They are arranged in order from high to low according to the plant growth environment provided. Similarly, the plant screening attenuation coefficient is assigned respectively, and the attenuation amplitude is reduced in geometric proportion, see Table 4;

[0065] Table 4: Plant screening attenuation coefficients for different protection forms

[0066] serial number Site type Attenuation coefficient 1 Spraying 1 2 Vegetation bags (ecological bags) 0.9 3 External fabrics (vegetation blankets, carbon sink rolls) 0.8 4 Drilling and digging, anchor spraying and vine planting 0.7 5 Anchor frame 0.6 6 Block protection 0.5

[0067] Step 4: Plant species configuration

[0068] The final plant configuration is determined by coupling analysis of the vegetation community structure in a specific area with the target succession community structure. The vegetation community structure in a specific area is obtained based on a survey of native vegetation communities, and the proportion of trees, shrubs and grasses in typical vegetation communities is used as the basis for determining the vegetation community structure in a specific area. The target succession community structure is obtained based on a survey of artificial vegetation communities in road areas, and similarly, the proportion of trees, shrubs and grasses in typical vegetation communities is used as the basis for determining the target succession community structure. The final plant species configuration is between the two and is adjusted based on actual conditions.

[0069] According to the above plant screening, maintenance and configuration scheme, a highway project under construction was taken as an example to carry out the application of the plant species screening and configuration method for the road slope of transportation infrastructure. A total of 20 natural slopes were investigated (including 5 tree plots, 5 shrub plots, and 10 herb plots), and a total of 10 artificial slopes were investigated (mixed plots of trees, shrubs and grasses). A total of 36 plant species were collected from natural slopes, and a total of 25 plant species were collected from artificial slopes. The main plant species and their names in the plots are shown in Table 5.

[0070] Table 5: Summary of plants surveyed in quadrat surveys

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] The calculation results of the plant importance value of each plant are shown in Table 6. Therefore, the top five plant species with the highest plant importance value under artificial slope and natural slope conditions are determined as community-building species, namely, Prunus armeniaca, Robinia pseudoacacia, Zanthoxylum bungeana, Ailanthus altissima, Corylus pubescens, Cotoneaster chinensis, Ziziphus jujuba, Paeonia lactiflora, Indigofera chinensis, Miscanthus sinensis, Artemisia mongolica, Chrysanthemum indica, Amorpha fruticosa, Tamarix chinensis, Medicago truncatula, Artemisia annua, Sophora flavescens, Artemisia capillaris, and Amorpha fruticosa. Other plant species are identified as companion species; in addition, by consulting the ecological restoration design documents, the commonly used plant species Amorpha fruticosa, Hippophae rhamnoides, Vitex negundo, Kentucky bluegrass, Ice grass, Lolium perenne, and Sainfoin can be identified as pioneer species;

[0074] Table 6: Calculation results of plant importance value for each plant

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] In order to further determine the plant species suitable for the highway area, according to the regional geological features and climate characteristics, combined with the exposed slope site conditions of the project, the expert scoring method was used to determine the plant species screening evaluation indicators and weights, as shown in Table 7. Therefore, the evaluation scores of the above-mentioned preliminary screened plant species are shown in Table 8. It can be seen from the table that the plant species that should be used in the ecological restoration process in the project area are Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus armeniaca, Amorpha fruticosa, Tamarix chinensis, Jujube, Corylus australis, Medicago sativa, Miscanthus sinensis, Artemisia annua, and Sedum subspinipes as community-building species.

[0079] Table 7: Regional screening evaluation indicators and weight distribution

[0080]

[0081] Table 8: Ranking of evaluation scores of the initially screened plant species

[0082] Plant Type Plant species name Plant screening evaluation score Ranking arbor locust 2.68 1 Prunus armeniaca 2.46 2 Sichuan peppercorn 1.99 3 Ailanthus altissima 1.99 4 shrub Amorpha fruticosa 3.00 1 Tamarix 2.86 2 Solanum jujube 2.60 3 Hazelnut 1.89 4 Cotoneaster gracile 1.84 5 Paddy field 1.83 6 Hebei Indigofera 1.73 7 Herbal Alfalfa 3.00 1 Long Miscanthus 2.34 2 Artemisia annua 2.32 3 Subpetalum 2.31 4 Artemisia mongolica 2.19 5 Amaranth 21.90 6 wild chrysanthemum 2.11 7 Altai dog flower 2.10 8 Artemisia capillaris 2.10 9

[0083] According to the above results, the present invention screened pioneer species, community-building species and companion species suitable for a certain area, and combined with the previous investigation on the succession law of vegetation communities in the area, further configured and screened the existing plants. The main natural community type in the area is a grass-shrub community, and the herbs are mainly Artemisia. The artificial slope community type is a shrub-grass community, and the main species are Amorpha fruticosa and Medicago sativa. Therefore, when performing vegetation configuration, the screening of trees and shrubs in the community-building species should be mainly shrubs, preferably Amorpha fruticosa, and the herbaceous plants are preferably Medicago sativa, Artemisia annua, etc.; the pioneer species are preferably Kentucky bluegrass, Ice grass, Sainfoin, etc.; other plant species not listed can be appropriately used as companion species.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any slight modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for screening and configuring plant species on road slopes of transportation infrastructure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Plant species survey Survey the plant species in the original area, divide them into artificial slopes and natural slopes according to the way they are formed, and calculate the plant importance value of each plant; Step 2: Plant species screening Qualitative and quantitative indicators are used to analyze and screen suitable plant species. The weights of plant screening evaluation indicators in a specific area are determined based on the hierarchical analysis method, and the plant screening evaluation formula for a specific area is obtained. Finally, the pioneer species, community-building species and companion species with higher scores are selected according to the screening scores. Step 3: Regional site type classification The division is carried out in two ways: according to geological and geomorphological conditions and according to the form of protection; Step 4: Plant species configuration The final plant configuration is determined by coupling analysis of the vegetation community structure in a specific area with the target succession community structure.

2. A method for screening and configuring plant species for road slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the content of the survey of plant species in the original area includes surface conditions, plant species, soil types and community types.

3. A method for screening and configuring plant species on road slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface conditions recorded the geological and geomorphic conditions, slope gradient and slope aspect; the plant species were surveyed by plots, with the tree plot set at 10m×10m and the number of samples being 5; the shrub plot set at 5m×5m and the number of samples being 5; The herbaceous sample plot was set to 1m×1m, and the number of samples was 10; the soil type recorded the soil or rock type of the survey point; the community type counted the community types of different plots, which were divided into tree and shrub forest, shrub and grass forest, grassland and wasteland.

4. A method for selecting and configuring plant species for roadside slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the plant importance value of each plant is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows: Iv=(Cr+Dr+Fr) / 3 Among them I v Indicates the importance value of a plant species, C r Indicates the relative coverage of a certain plant species, D r Indicates the relative density of a plant species, F r Indicates the relative frequency of a plant species.

5. The method for selecting and configuring plant species for road slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the top five plant species ranked by plant importance value under artificial slope and natural slope conditions and present in different sample plot surveys are identified as community-building species, and other plant species are identified as companion species; shrubs or herbaceous plant species used in the construction of transportation infrastructure in a specific area are identified as pioneer species.

6. A method for selecting and configuring plant species for roadside slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, according to the characteristics of transportation infrastructure construction and the characteristics of damaged road surfaces, plant species screening evaluation indicators are determined from five aspects: plant stress resistance, plant protection, plant economy, plant landscape, and other indicators.

7. A method for selecting and configuring plant species for roadside slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the specific area plant screening evaluation formula is as follows: Cg=k1×C1+k1×C1+k1×C1+k1×C1...+kn×Cn Cg is the screening score of a certain plant species; k1, k2, ...kn are weight values ​​of different evaluation indicators, sum(k1, k2, ...kn)=1; C1, C2, ...Cn are plant screening evaluation indicators for a specific area.

8. The method for selecting and configuring plant species for roadside slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the method of dividing according to geological and geomorphological conditions is: Three indicators, namely slope, slope aspect and geological conditions, were selected to divide different site conditions. Slope, as the main natural judgment factor for whether plants can grow, was divided into three categories: 0-30° was considered a gentle slope, 30-60° was considered a steep slope, and above 60° was an extremely steep slope; the slope aspect was divided into two categories, namely shady slope and sunny slope; the geological conditions were divided into three categories, soil, stone and soil and stone.

9. A method for selecting and configuring plant species for roadside slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the protection forms include spraying, external fabric, anchor spraying vines, planting bags, drilling and digging, and block protection.

10. A method for selecting and configuring plant species for roadside slopes of transportation infrastructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the vegetation community structure of the specific area is obtained based on the survey of the native vegetation community, and the proportion of trees, shrubs and grasses in the typical vegetation community is used as the basis for determining the vegetation community structure of the specific area. The target succession community structure is obtained based on the survey of the artificial vegetation community in the road area, and similarly, the proportion of trees, shrubs and grasses in the typical vegetation community is used as the basis for determining the target succession community structure. The final plant species configuration is between the two and is adjusted according to actual conditions.

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