Oil and gas operation underground sensing system based on intelligent internet of things

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil and gas operation underground sensing system based on intelligent internet of things, which comprises an interface conversion module, a routing function module, an analog front end module and a power supply module, and is characterized in that the interface conversion module is used for completing protocol conversion and address mapping in a network layer in a signal transmission process; the interface conversion module is used for completing target address identification in a network layer in a signal receiving process; the routing function module is used for completing IPv6 routing establishment of a network layer in a signal sending process; the routing function module is used for completing data receiving and processing of a network layer in a signal receiving process, and the analog front-end module is used for completing D / A conversion, automatic gain control and de-noising processing in a signal sending process; the analog front-end module is used for completing A / D conversion, automatic gain control and de-noising processing in the signal receiving process; and the power supply module is used for supplying power to each circuit, and is suitable for the underground sensing system to acquire data to access the Internet of Things for intelligent management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is an oil and gas operation downhole sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things, specifically relates to downhole sensing signal communication and a sensing system, and belongs to the field of power line carrier communication. Background Art

[0002] In oil and gas collection operations, real-time monitoring of downhole conditions is crucial to ensuring production efficiency and safety. With the development of Internet of Things technology, an oil and gas operation downhole sensing system based on intelligent IoT has become the key to improving oil and gas collection efficiency. These systems deploy sensor networks downhole to achieve real-time monitoring of parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow. Through comprehensive big data analysis technology, ground and downhole models of oil and gas production are established, which are closely integrated with the actual production process to achieve digital twins and process optimization, control equipment and adjust production operations. Through simulation research, we can guide production optimization, improve oil production technology, and realize digital twin and process optimization of oil and gas production operations.

[0003] In the process of intelligent construction, due to the different data transmission methods adopted by different intelligent IoT downhole systems, no unified standard has been formed. Traditional downhole sensing systems mostly rely on wired or wireless methods to transmit data. Although wired transmission is stable, it is difficult to maintain and is susceptible to mechanical damage; wireless transmission is limited by signal attenuation and interference, resulting in unstable or lost data transmission. In addition, the extreme temperature and pressure conditions underground and the mechanical stress of the equipment also aggravate the performance degradation of the communication equipment. Therefore, improving the communication capability and reliability of the downhole sensing system has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. In the intelligent construction, various oilfield enterprises need to realize the data collection of tens of thousands of wells, the visualization construction of the well site, and the digital upgrade of the joint station and processing plant. To achieve regional networking and the transformation of the Internet of Things on the basis of digitalization, it is also necessary to establish a special network transmission channel and build a data cloud platform, which requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, resulting in a sharp increase in the cost of the enterprise.

[0004] Power line carrier technology, also known as power line communication, is a unique communication method for power systems. Power line carrier communication technology uses existing power lines as transmission media for data communication. Because the power lines themselves are not designed for communication, their channel characteristics are difficult to directly meet the requirements of carrier communication in many aspects, especially in high temperature environments. The three basic parameters of noise, impedance and fading may become more unfavorable, and the smart Internet of Things has requirements for signal transmission rate and delay, so it is necessary to modify the channel capacity and channel coding to adapt to this extreme environment.

[0005] Polar code is a forward error correction coding method proposed by E. Arıka in 2008. It is the first channel coding method known to mankind that can be strictly proved to reach the channel capacity limit. The core idea of ​​polar code construction is to use channel polarization processing and adopt methods on the coding side to make each sub-channel present different reliability. As the code length of the code continues to increase, some channels will tend to perfect channels with a capacity close to 1 (error-free), and the other part of the channel area will be a pure noise channel with a capacity close to 0. Polar code decoding can obtain good asymptotic performance when the code length is large enough through serial cancellation (SC) algorithm, and it has been proved that it can reach the channel capacity limit. However, in actual systems, the code length of channel coding often cannot meet the requirement of "large enough". Existing experimental results show that the performance of polar code decoding through SC is not ideal under the actual code length configuration. Due to changes in channel conditions, noise and other factors in actual systems, the performance of polar code is different from theoretical expectations. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above shortcomings and provide an underground oil and gas operation sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things. The use of power line carrier technology reduces the need for additional wiring, reduces installation costs and complexity, and also meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. For underground environments with narrow space or complex structures, no additional wiring is required, which can greatly reduce the construction difficulty and safety risks. It is suitable for underground sensing systems to collect data and access the Internet of Things for intelligent management.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A downhole sensing system for oil and gas operations based on intelligent Internet of Things includes an interface conversion module, a routing function module, an analog front-end module and a power supply module. The interface conversion module is used to complete the protocol conversion and address mapping in the network layer in the signal sending process; the interface conversion module is used to complete the target address identification in the network layer in the signal receiving process; the routing function module is used to complete the IPv6 routing establishment in the network layer in the signal sending process, and its data link layer performs cyclic redundancy check bit addition, data retransmission under adaptive HARQ control and transmission parameter adjustment, and its physical layer performs channel estimation, channel coding, Signal modulation, channel coding and interleaving processing; the routing function module is used to complete the data reception and processing of the network layer in the signal receiving process, and its data link layer performs CRC check, request retransmission and combined demodulation under adaptive HARQ control, and its physical layer performs channel estimation compensation, channel decoding, signal demodulation, and channel coding deinterleaving; the analog front-end module is used to complete D / A conversion, automatic gain control AGC, and noise reduction processing in the signal sending process; the analog front-end module is used to complete A / D conversion, automatic gain control AGC, and noise reduction processing in the signal receiving process; the power supply module is used to supply power to each circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, the channel coding adopts polarization coding, and the signal sequence after polarization coding is stored in the transmitting end cache, and the same group of information sequences is rate-adaptively coded and stored in the transmitting end cache, so as to back up the original data for the subsequent retransmission of the data part in which the NACK transmission fails in the hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ, and perform rate-adaptive coding. The code length of the channel coding is configured to achieve the purpose of adjusting the coding rate. In order to adapt to the needs of HARQ to dynamically adjust the data transmission rate and the number of retransmissions, rate adaptation is used to improve the signal transmission efficiency; after rate-adaptive coding, channel estimation coding enables the receiving end to judge the channel environment state for the known signal sequence status to restore the transmitted signal; adaptive HARQ can automatically adjust the number and position of resource blocks PRB used for retransmission and the modulation and coding strategy index value MCS according to the channel characteristics, and channel estimation can reduce the number of retransmissions of the signal under the control of adaptive HARQ; after channel estimation coding, channel interleaving is performed on the channel coding, and continuous errors that may occur in the channel are dispersed into random errors by rearranging the sorting sequence.

[0009] Further, the interface conversion module includes a chip U3, the model of the chip U3 is LPC1768FBD100, the 1st pin of the chip U3 is connected to one end of the resistor R49 and the 13th pin of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R49 is connected to 3.3V, the 100th pin of the chip U3 is connected to one end of the resistor R46 and the 11th pin of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R46 is grounded, the 5th pin of the chip U3 is connected to one end of the resistor R45 and the 9th pin of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R45 is grounded, the 3rd pin of the chip U3 is connected to one end of the resistor R48 and the 7th pin of the interface J1, the resistor R4 8 and the other end is connected to 3.3V, pin 2 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R47 and pin 5 of interface J1, and the other end of resistor R47 is connected to 3.3V, pin 4 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R50 and pin 3 of interface J1, and the other end of resistor R50 is connected to 3.3V, pin 15 of interface J1 is connected to one end of interface J2, and the other end of one end of interface J2 is connected to pin 17 of chip U3, pin 17 of interface J1 is connected to one end of resistor R51, and the other end of resistor R51 is grounded, and pin 19 of interface J1 is connected to one end of resistor R52, and the other end of resistor R52 is grounded.

[0010] Further, the routing function module includes a chip U2, the model of the chip U2 is MAX2992GCB+, the 17th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the crystal oscillator X1, one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the capacitor C31, the 18th pin of the chip U2 is connected to the other end of the crystal oscillator X1, the other end of the resistor R9 and one end of the capacitor C30, the other end of the capacitor C30 and the other end of the capacitor C31 are grounded, the 43rd pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R44, the other end of the resistor R44 is connected to the 78th pin of the chip U3, the 42nd pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R43, the other end of the resistor R43 is connected to the 76th pin of the chip U3, and the 40th pin of the chip U2 is connected to the resistor R Pin 41 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R41, and the other end of resistor R41 is connected to pin 77 of chip U3. Pin 37 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R40, and the other end of resistor R40 is connected to pin 79 of chip U3. Pin 26 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R54, and the other end of resistor R54 is connected to pin 62 of chip U3. Pin 27 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R56, and the other end of resistor R56 is connected to pin 60 of chip U3. Pin 28 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R55, and the other end of resistor R55 is connected to pin 61 of chip U3. Pin 29 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R53, and the other end of resistor R53 is connected to pin 63 of chip U3.

[0011] Furthermore, pin 46 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 1 of interface TT1, pin 45 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 5 of interface TT1, pin 44 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 9 of interface TT1, pin 32 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 3 of interface TT1, pin 14 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 4 of interface TT1, pin 2 of interface TT1 is connected to one end of capacitor C47 and connected to 3.3V, and the other end of capacitor C47 is grounded.

[0012] Furthermore, the analog front-end module includes a chip U1, the model of the chip U1 is MAX2991ECM+, the 13th pin of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 ​​is grounded, the 14th pin of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected to one end of a resistor R42, the other end of the resistor R42 is connected to the 41st pin of the chip U2, this part is used to select the configuration of the automatic gain control AGC circuit or control its enable state, the 15th pin of the chip U1 The pin is connected to one end of resistor R26, and the other end of resistor R26 is connected to pin 4 of chip U2. Pin 16 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R27, and the other end of resistor R27 is connected to pin 2 of chip U2. Pin 17 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R28, and the other end of resistor R28 is connected to pin 1 of chip U2. Pin 18 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R29, and the other end of resistor R29 is connected to pin 3 of chip U2. This part is used for serial port communication between chip U2 and chip U1.

[0013] Furthermore, pin 25 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R30, the other end of resistor R30 is connected to pin 50 of chip U2, pin 26 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R31, the other end of resistor R31 is connected to pin 61 of chip U2, pin 27 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R32, the other end of resistor R32 is connected to pin 52 of chip U2, pin 28 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R33, the other end of resistor R33 is connected to pin 60 of chip U2, pin 29 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R34, the other end of resistor R34 is connected to pin 55 of chip U2, pin 30 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R35, the other end of resistor R35 is connected to pin 57 of chip U2.

[0014] Furthermore, pin 32 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R58, the other end of the resistor R58 is connected to pin 64 of the chip U2, pin 33 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R57, the other end of the resistor R57 is connected to pin 63 of the chip U2.

[0015] Furthermore, pin 46 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R5, the other end of resistor R5 is connected to pin 62 of chip U2, pin 46 of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C35, the other end of capacitor C35 is connected to one end of resistor R14, one end of capacitor C37 and one end of capacitor C39, pin 45 of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C34, the other end of capacitor C34 is connected to one end of resistor R15, one end of capacitor C36 and one end of capacitor C38, the other end of resistor R14 is connected to the other end of resistor R15, the other end of capacitor C36 is connected to pin 44 of chip U1 and one end of resistor R16, the other end of capacitor C37 is connected to pin 43 of chip U1 and one end of resistor R17, the other end of capacitor C39 is connected to pin 42 of chip U1 and the other end of resistor R17, and the other end of capacitor C38 is connected to the other end of resistor R16 and pin 41 of chip U1.

[0016] Furthermore, pin 3 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C32, the other end of the capacitor C32 is connected to one end of a resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to a differential signal, pin 4 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C33, the other end of the capacitor C33 is connected to one end of a resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to a differential signal, pin 9 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C11, the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to one end of a resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to a differential signal, pin 10 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C12, the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected to one end of a resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to a differential signal.

[0017] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, and has the following technical effects compared with the prior art: (1) Based on the Internet of Things transformation of traditional downhole oil and gas collection equipment, the use of power line carrier technology reduces the need for additional wiring, reduces installation costs and complexity, and also meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection; for downhole environments with small spaces or complex structures, no additional wiring is required, which can greatly reduce the difficulty of construction and safety risks; due to the simplification of wiring and additional equipment configuration, the cost of daily maintenance and troubleshooting is relatively low; power line carrier technology can maintain communication stability and reliability over long distances, is compatible with various existing sensors and monitoring equipment, and supports IPv6, making it easier to use the Internet to integrate information from downhole oil and gas collection systems in various regions, break through information barriers, and improve data transparency.

[0018] (2) By modifying the signal sequence, the system adds cyclic redundancy check bits, cyclic redundancy check (CRC), which is used to check whether the signal transmitted through the channel is erroneous; then polarization coding is performed. Polarization coding is a kind of channel coding that transforms data through matrix operations, making signals that are susceptible to interference during transmission easier to detect and correct, thereby improving the reliability of communication.

[0019] (3) In power line carrier communication, a single power line is usually used for one-way information transmission, and the channel capacity is relatively low. The present invention adopts a two-way communication technology solution of MIMO (multiple input multiple reception) combined with OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). OFDM maps high-speed data signals into multiple low-speed sub-data streams through the constellation diagram of orthogonal frequency diversity QAM, and these sub-data streams are modulated onto mutually orthogonal sub-carriers. Due to the orthogonality between the sub-carriers, they will not interfere with each other. The phase detection of the received signal is performed by the sending and receiving circuits, so that the two-way communication transmission of the sending signal and the receiving signal in the same channel is orthogonal to each other, thereby realizing two-way communication of the power line carrier. At the same time, OFDM also makes the signal highly resistant to multipath fading, can effectively reduce inter-code interference and inter-channel interference, and ensure the reliability and stability of polarization coding. OFDM and MIMO technology improve the channel capacity of power line carrier communication without changing the original channel. While increasing the channel capacity, MIMO also provides the selectivity of signal transmission mode. The system can dynamically adjust its transmission strategy according to specific channel conditions and communication needs. For example, when the channel conditions are good, it may select a limited spatial multiplexing mode to obtain a higher data transmission rate to meet the signal transmission rate and delay requirements. When the channel conditions are poor or high-reliability transmission needs to be guaranteed, it switches to spatial diversity mode to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission. This flexible system can adapt to changing communication environments and needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the signal processing and transmission process of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of the communication module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the interface conversion module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the routing function module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of an analog front-end module of the present invention; Figure 6 A circuit diagram of a peripheral circuit of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of a power supply module of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the JTAG circuit diagram of the interface conversion module of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is the JTAG circuit diagram of the routing function module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Example 1, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a downhole sensing system for oil and gas operations based on intelligent Internet of Things includes an interface conversion module, a routing function module, an analog front-end module and a power supply module. The interface conversion module is used to complete the protocol conversion and address mapping in the network layer in the signal sending process; the interface conversion module is used to complete the target address identification in the network layer in the signal receiving process; the routing function module is used to complete the IPv6 routing establishment in the network layer in the signal sending process, and its data link layer performs cyclic redundancy check bit addition, data retransmission under adaptive HARQ control and transmission parameter adjustment, and its physical layer performs channel estimation and channel coding. , signal modulation, channel coding and interleaving processing; the routing function module is used to complete the data reception and processing of the network layer in the signal receiving process, and its data link layer performs CRC check, request retransmission and combined demodulation under adaptive HARQ control, and its physical layer performs channel estimation compensation, channel decoding, signal demodulation, and channel coding and deinterleaving; the analog front-end module is used to complete D / A conversion, automatic gain control AGC, and noise cancellation in the signal sending process; the analog front-end module is used to complete A / D conversion, automatic gain control AGC, and noise cancellation in the signal receiving process; the power supply module is used to supply power to each circuit.

[0023] The routing function module and the analog front-end module form a power line carrier communication module, which adopts a two-way communication solution combining MIMO with OFDM.

[0024] Data is collected from the sensor and sent to the interface module for protocol conversion, address mapping, etc., and then sent to the 6LoWPAN layer of MAX2992 for routing establishment, self-organizing network and other operations, and sent to the MAC layer of MAX2992 for protocol layer packaging, encryption and other processing, and then the processed data is sent to the physical layer for channel coding, modulation, scrambling and other processing. After the physical layer modulation, the data is sent to the MAX2991 analog front end for D / A, AGC, noise reduction and other processing, and finally coupled to the power line through the coupler for transmission.

[0025] The channel coding adopts polarization coding, and the signal sequence after polarization coding is stored in the transmitting end cache, and the same group of information sequences is subjected to rate adaptation coding and stored in the transmitting end cache, in order to back up the original data for the subsequent retransmission of the data part in which the NACK transmission fails in the hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ, and perform rate adaptation coding. Due to the design requirements of HARQ transmission, the code length of the channel coding is configured to achieve the purpose of adjusting the coding rate. In order to adapt to the needs of HARQ to dynamically adjust the data transmission rate and the number of retransmissions, the rate adaptation is adopted to improve the signal transmission efficiency and enhance the reliability of the system; after the rate adaptation coding, the channel estimation coding is performed by making the receiving end Known signal sequence conditions are used to determine the channel environment status to restore the transmitted signal; Adaptive HARQ can automatically adjust the number and position of resource blocks PRB used for retransmission and the modulation and coding strategy index value MCS according to channel characteristics. Channel estimation can reduce the number of retransmissions of signals under adaptive HARQ control, so that the situation where retransmission occupies a large amount of channel capacity only occurs in special circumstances where the channel environment is poor, thereby ensuring stable signal transmission under normal conditions; After channel estimation coding, channel coding is interleaved, and by rearranging the sorting sequence, continuous errors that may occur in the channel are dispersed into random errors, thereby enhancing the communication system's ability to resist burst errors.

[0026] like Figure 3As shown, the interface conversion module includes a chip U3, the model of the chip U3 is LPC1768FBD100, the 1st pin of the chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R49 and the 13th pin of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R49 is connected to 3.3V, the 100th pin of the chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R46 and the 11th pin of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R46 is grounded, the 5th pin of the chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R45 and the 9th pin of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R45 is grounded, the 3rd pin of the chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R48 and the 7th pin of the interface J1, the resistor R48 is grounded. The other end is connected to 3.3V, pin 2 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R47 and pin 5 of interface J1, the other end of resistor R47 is connected to 3.3V, pin 4 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R50 and pin 3 of interface J1, the other end of resistor R50 is connected to 3.3V, pin 15 of interface J1 is connected to one end of interface J2, the other end of one end of interface J2 is connected to pin 17 of chip U3, pin 17 of interface J1 is connected to one end of resistor R51, the other end of resistor R51 is grounded, pin 19 of interface J1 is connected to one end of resistor R52, the other end of resistor R52 is grounded.

[0027] The J1 is an ARM JTAG interface, a 3.3V power supply is connected to the J1 power input pin 1, and multiple resistors are connected in parallel to the input pins 3, 5, 7, and 13 to eliminate noise, improve power supply stability, and protect the chip; the resistors in series with the pins 9, 11, 17, and 19 are grounded to match impedance, reduce signal reflection, and improve signal quality.

[0028] like Figure 4As shown, the routing function module includes a chip U2, the model of the chip U2 is MAX2992GCB+, the 17th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the crystal oscillator X1, one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the capacitor C31, the 18th pin of the chip U2 is connected to the other end of the crystal oscillator X1, the other end of the resistor R9 and one end of the capacitor C30, the other end of the capacitor C30 and the other end of the capacitor C31 are grounded, the 43rd pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R44, the other end of the resistor R44 is connected to the 78th pin of the chip U3, the 42nd pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R43, the other end of the resistor R43 is connected to the 76th pin of the chip U3, the 40th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R41, the other end of the resistor R41 is connected There is pin 77 of chip U3, pin 37 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R40, the other end of resistor R40 is connected to pin 79 of chip U3, pin 26 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R54, the other end of resistor R54 is connected to pin 62 of chip U3, pin 27 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R56, the other end of resistor R56 is connected to pin 60 of chip U3, pin 28 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R55, the other end of resistor R55 is connected to pin 61 of chip U3, pin 29 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R53, the other end of resistor R53 is connected to pin 63 of chip U3. This part is the SPI communication protocol interface of the interface conversion module and the routing function module.

[0029] like Fig. 9 As shown, pin 46 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 1 of interface TT1, pin 45 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 5 of interface TT1, pin 44 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 9 of interface TT1, pin 32 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 3 of interface TT1, pin 14 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 4 of interface TT1, pin 2 of interface TT1 is connected to one end of capacitor C47 and connected to 3.3V, and the other end of capacitor C47 is grounded. This part is connected to the JTAG pin of the routing function module and is used for system simulation, debugging and internal chip testing.

[0030] like Figure 5As shown, the analog front-end module includes a chip U1, the model of the chip U1 is MAX2991ECM+, the 13th pin of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 ​​is grounded, the 14th pin of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected to one end of a resistor R42, the other end of the resistor R42 is connected to the 41st pin of the chip U2, this part is used to select the configuration of the automatic gain control AGC circuit or control its enable state, the 15th pin of the chip U1 is connected to the ground, and the 15th pin of the chip U1 is connected to the ground. One end of resistor R26 is connected, and the other end of resistor R26 is connected to pin 4 of chip U2. Pin 16 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R27, and the other end of resistor R27 is connected to pin 2 of chip U2. Pin 17 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R28, and the other end of resistor R28 is connected to pin 1 of chip U2. Pin 18 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R29, and the other end of resistor R29 is connected to pin 3 of chip U2. This part is used for serial communication between chip U2 and chip U1.

[0031] Pin 25 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R30, and the other end of the resistor R30 is connected to pin 50 of the chip U2. Pin 26 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R31, and the other end of the resistor R31 is connected to pin 61 of the chip U2. Pin 27 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R32, and the other end of the resistor R32 is connected to pin 52 of the chip U2. Pin 28 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R33, and the other end of the resistor R33 is connected to pin 60 of the chip U2. Pin 29 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R34, and the other end of the resistor R34 is connected to pin 55 of the chip U2. Pin 30 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R35, and the other end of the resistor R35 is connected to pin 57 of the chip U2. This part is used to realize data transmission and clock synchronization of the physical layer and the data link layer, where CLK is the clock signal, CONV is the control signal, and DATA is data.

[0032] Pin 32 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R58, the other end of resistor R58 is connected to pin 64 of chip U2, pin 33 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R57, the other end of resistor R57 is connected to pin 63 of chip U2, and this part is used to realize the receiving and sending functions of power line carrier communication signals.

[0033] The chip U1 and chip U2 form a power line carrier communication module, with chip U1 serving as an analog front end and chip U2 serving as a modem, which together form a power line communication (PLC) chipset as a main functional chip capable of supporting reliable long-distance data communication.

[0034] In power line carrier communication, a single power line is usually used for one-way information transmission, and the channel capacity is relatively low. The present invention adopts a two-way communication technology solution of MIMO (multiple input multiple reception) combined with OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). OFDM maps high-speed data signals into multiple low-speed sub-data streams through the constellation diagram of orthogonal frequency diversity QAM. These sub-data streams are modulated onto mutually orthogonal sub-carriers. Due to the orthogonality between the sub-carriers, they will not interfere with each other. The received signal is phase-detected by the transmitting and receiving circuits, so that the two-way communication transmission of the transmitting signal and the receiving signal in the same channel are orthogonal to each other, thereby realizing two-way communication of the power line carrier. At the same time, OFDM also makes the signal highly resistant to multipath fading, can effectively reduce inter-code interference and inter-channel interference, and ensure the reliability and stability of polarization coding. OFDM and MIMO The technology increases the channel capacity of power line carrier communication without changing the original channel. While increasing the channel capacity, MIMO also provides the selectivity of signal transmission mode. The system can dynamically adjust its transmission strategy according to specific channel conditions and communication needs. For example, when the channel conditions are good, it may choose the spatial multiplexing mode to obtain a higher data transmission rate to meet the signal transmission rate and delay requirements. When the channel conditions are poor or high-reliability transmission needs to be guaranteed, it switches to the spatial diversity mode to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission. This flexible system can adapt to changing communication environments and needs.

[0035] Pin 46 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to pin 62 of the chip U2, pin 46 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C35, the other end of the capacitor C35 is connected to one end of a resistor R14, one end of a capacitor C37 and one end of a capacitor C39, pin 45 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C34, the other end of the capacitor C34 is connected to one end of a resistor R15, one end of a capacitor C36 and one end of a capacitor C38, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected to The other end of R15 and the other end of capacitor C36 are connected to pin 44 of chip U1 and one end of resistor R16, the other end of capacitor C37 is connected to pin 43 of chip U1 and one end of resistor R17, the other end of capacitor C39 is connected to pin 42 of chip U1 and the other end of resistor R17, and the other end of capacitor C38 is connected to the other end of resistor R16 and pin 41 of chip U1. This part is the high-pass filter output, high-pass filter input, and low-pass filter output, which are used for signal noise reduction processing.

[0036] Pin 36 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C9 and one end of capacitor C10, and the other end of capacitor C9 and the other end of capacitor C10 are grounded. This part is the reference voltage input, which is used to provide a stable reference voltage source for the analog circuit inside the chip.

[0037] Pins 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the chip U1 are used for receiving sensor acquisition signals and sending actuator control signals. Pin 21 of the chip U1 is used to provide bias current to the sending path; Pin 22 of the chip U1 is used as a reference clock input to synchronize some timing operations inside the chip.

[0038] Pin 3 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C32, the other end of the capacitor C32 is connected to one end of a resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to a differential signal, pin 4 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C33, the other end of the capacitor C33 is connected to one end of a resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to a differential signal, pin 9 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C11, the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to one end of a resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to a differential signal, pin 10 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C12, the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected to one end of a resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to a differential signal, and is used for receiving and sending differential signals. There are two modes for receiving and sending each signal: RC filtering and receiving and direct receiving and sending, with a total of four combinations.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the module peripheral circuit A circuit is the 3.3V power supply circuit of the chip MAX2991EMC+, and the parallel capacitor is grounded to stabilize the voltage, filter out noise and provide instantaneous current; the B circuit is the grounding pin combination of the chip MAX2991EMC+; the C circuit is the chip core power supply circuit of the chip MAX2992GCB+, and the parallel capacitor is grounded to stabilize the voltage, filter out noise and provide instantaneous current; the D circuit is the 3.3V power supply circuit of the chip MAX2992GCB+, and the parallel capacitor grounding effect is the same as above; G3 and G4 are the MAX2992GCB+ electronic control reset circuit, MAX2992GCB+ pins 23 and 24 output high level, the transistor is turned on, G1 and G2 are grounded, and pins 14 and 31 enter low level to realize reset instruction input; E1 and E2 are the MAX2992GCB+ chip I / O pin power supply circuit; the F circuit is the grounding pin combination of the MAX2992GCB+ chip.

[0040] like Figure 7As shown, the power supply module includes a chip U6 and a chip U5, the models of the chip U6 and the chip U5 are MAX8869EUE33+, the 1-5 pins of the chip U6 are connected to one end of a capacitor C43, one end of a capacitor C44 and one end of a resistor R18, the other end of the capacitor C43 and the other end of the capacitor C44 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R18 is connected to one end of a resistor R19 and connected to 5V, the other end of the resistor R19 is grounded, the 10-12 pins of the chip U6 are connected to one end of a capacitor C45 and one end of a resistor R20 and connected to 3.3V, the other end of the capacitor C45 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R20 is connected Pins 1-5 of chip U5 and pins 10-12 of chip U5 are connected to one end of resistor R21 and one end of resistor R23, the other end of resistor R23 is connected to one end of capacitor C46 and connected to 1.2V, the other end of capacitor C46 is grounded, pin 14 of chip U5 is connected to one end of resistor R22 and the other end of resistor R21, the other end of resistor R22 is grounded, and the 5V or 3.3V input voltage can be stably stepped down to 3.3V and 1.8V. Through the series resistor voltage divider, the 1.8V voltage output by U5 is reduced to 1.2V, which meets the input requirements of 3.3V and 1.2V of each chip voltage.

[0041] The description of the present invention is given for the purpose of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed form. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for particular uses.

Claims

1. A downhole sensing system for oil and gas operations based on intelligent IoT, characterized by: It includes an interface conversion module, a routing function module, an analog front-end module and a power supply module. The interface conversion module is used to complete the protocol conversion and address mapping in the network layer in the signal sending process; the interface conversion module is used to complete the target address identification in the network layer in the signal receiving process; the routing function module is used to complete the IPv6 routing establishment in the network layer in the signal sending process, and its data link layer performs cyclic redundancy check bit addition, data retransmission and transmission parameter adjustment under adaptive HARQ control, and its physical layer performs channel estimation, channel coding, signal modulation, and channel coding interleaving processing; The routing function module is used to complete the data reception and processing of the network layer in the signal receiving process. Its data link layer performs CRC check, request retransmission and combined demodulation under adaptive HARQ control, and its physical layer performs channel estimation compensation, channel decoding, signal demodulation, and channel coding deinterleaving. The analog front-end module is used to complete D / A conversion, automatic gain control AGC, and noise reduction in the signal transmission process; The analog front-end module is used to complete A / D conversion, automatic gain control AGC, and noise reduction in the signal receiving process; the power supply module is used to supply power to each circuit; The routing function module and the analog front-end module form a power line carrier communication module, which adopts a two-way communication solution combining MIMO with OFDM.

2. The downhole oil and gas operation sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The channel coding adopts polarization coding, and the signal sequence after polarization coding is stored in the transmitting end cache, and the same group of information sequences is subjected to rate adaptation coding and stored in the transmitting end cache, so as to back up the original data for the subsequent retransmission of the data part in which NACK transmission fails in the hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ, and perform rate adaptation coding, and achieve the purpose of adjusting the coding code rate by configuring the code length of the channel coding, and adopt rate adaptation to improve the signal transmission efficiency in order to meet the needs of dynamically adjusting the data transmission rate and the number of retransmissions of HARQ; after the rate adaptation coding, the channel estimation coding enables the receiving end to judge the channel environment state based on the known signal sequence state, so as to restore the transmission signal; Adaptive HARQ can automatically adjust the number and position of resource blocks (PRBs) used for retransmission and the modulation and coding strategy index value (MCS) based on channel characteristics. Channel estimation can reduce the number of retransmissions of signals under adaptive HARQ control. After channel estimation and coding, the channel coding is interleaved to disperse the continuous errors that may occur in the channel into random errors by rearranging the sorting sequence.

3. The downhole oil and gas operation sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interface conversion module includes a chip U3, the model of the chip U3 is LPC1768FBD100, the pin 1 of the chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R49 and the pin 13 of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R49 is connected to 3.3V, the pin 100 of the chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R46 and the pin 11 of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R46 is grounded, the pin 5 of the chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R45 and the pin 9 of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R45 is grounded, the pin 3 of the chip U3 is connected to one end of a resistor R48 and the pin 7 of the interface J1, the other end of the resistor R48 is grounded. The terminal is connected to 3.3V, pin 2 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R47 and pin 5 of interface J1, and the other end of resistor R47 is connected to 3.3V, pin 4 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R50 and pin 3 of interface J1, and the other end of resistor R50 is connected to 3.3V, pin 15 of interface J1 is connected to one end of interface J2, and the other end of one end of interface J2 is connected to pin 17 of chip U3, pin 17 of interface J1 is connected to one end of resistor R51, and the other end of resistor R51 is grounded, and pin 19 of interface J1 is connected to one end of resistor R52, and the other end of resistor R52 is grounded.

4. The oil and gas operation downhole sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The routing function module includes a chip U2, the model of the chip U2 is MAX2992GCB+, the 17th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the crystal oscillator X1, one end of the resistor R9 and one end of the capacitor C31, the 18th pin of the chip U2 is connected to the other end of the crystal oscillator X1, the other end of the resistor R9 and one end of the capacitor C30, the other end of the capacitor C30 and the other end of the capacitor C31 are grounded, the 43rd pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R44, the other end of the resistor R44 is connected to the 78th pin of the chip U3, the 42nd pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R43, the other end of the resistor R43 is connected to the 76th pin of the chip U3, and the 40th pin of the chip U2 is connected to the resistor R41 One end of the chip U2 is connected to the 77th pin of the chip U3, and the other end of the resistor R41 is connected to the 77th pin of the chip U3. The 37th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R40, and the other end of the resistor R40 is connected to the 79th pin of the chip U3. The 26th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R54, and the other end of the resistor R54 is connected to the 62nd pin of the chip U3. The 27th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R56, and the other end of the resistor R56 is connected to the 60th pin of the chip U3. The 28th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R55, and the other end of the resistor R55 is connected to the 61st pin of the chip U3. The 29th pin of the chip U2 is connected to one end of the resistor R53, and the other end of the resistor R53 is connected to the 63rd pin of the chip U3.

5. The downhole sensing system for oil and gas operations based on intelligent IoT as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: Pin 46 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 1 of interface TT1, pin 45 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 5 of interface TT1, pin 44 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 9 of interface TT1, pin 32 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 3 of interface TT1, pin 14 of the chip U2 is connected to pin 4 of interface TT1, pin 2 of interface TT1 is connected to one end of capacitor C47 and connected to 3.3V, and the other end of capacitor C47 is grounded.

6. The downhole oil and gas operation sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analog front-end module includes a chip U1, the model of the chip U1 is MAX2991ECM+, the 13th pin of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 ​​is grounded, the 14th pin of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R25, the other end of the resistor R25 is connected to one end of a resistor R42, the other end of the resistor R42 is connected to the 41st pin of the chip U2, this part is used to select the configuration of the automatic gain control AGC circuit or control its enable state, the 15th pin of the chip U1 is connected to There is one end of resistor R26, and the other end of resistor R26 is connected to pin 4 of chip U2. Pin 16 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R27, and the other end of resistor R27 is connected to pin 2 of chip U2. Pin 17 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R28, and the other end of resistor R28 is connected to pin 1 of chip U2. Pin 18 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R29, and the other end of resistor R29 is connected to pin 3 of chip U2. This part is used for serial communication between chip U2 and chip U1.

7. The downhole oil and gas operation sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that: Pin 25 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R30, and the other end of resistor R30 is connected to pin 50 of chip U2, pin 26 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R31, and the other end of resistor R31 is connected to pin 61 of chip U2, pin 27 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R32, and the other end of resistor R32 is connected to pin 52 of chip U2, pin 28 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R33, and the other end of resistor R33 is connected to pin 60 of chip U2, pin 29 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R34, and the other end of resistor R34 is connected to pin 55 of chip U2, pin 30 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R35, and the other end of resistor R35 is connected to pin 57 of chip U2.

8. The downhole oil and gas operation sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that: Pin 32 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R58, the other end of the resistor R58 is connected to pin 64 of the chip U2, pin 33 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a resistor R57, the other end of the resistor R57 is connected to pin 63 of the chip U2.

9. The downhole sensing system for oil and gas operations based on intelligent IoT as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: Pin 46 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R5, the other end of resistor R5 is connected to pin 62 of chip U2, pin 46 of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C35, the other end of capacitor C35 is connected to one end of resistor R14, one end of capacitor C37 and one end of capacitor C39, pin 45 of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C34, the other end of capacitor C34 is connected to one end of resistor R15, one end of capacitor C36 and one end of capacitor C38, the other end of resistor R14 is connected to the other end of resistor R15, the other end of capacitor C36 is connected to pin 44 of chip U1 and one end of resistor R16, the other end of capacitor C37 is connected to pin 43 of chip U1 and one end of resistor R17, the other end of capacitor C39 is connected to pin 42 of chip U1 and the other end of resistor R17, and the other end of capacitor C38 is connected to the other end of resistor R16 and pin 41 of chip U1.

10. The downhole oil and gas operation sensing system based on intelligent Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that: Pin 3 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C32, the other end of the capacitor C32 is connected to one end of a resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to a differential signal, pin 4 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C33, the other end of the capacitor C33 is connected to one end of a resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to a differential signal, pin 9 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C11, the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to one end of a resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to a differential signal, pin 10 of the chip U1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C12, the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected to one end of a resistor R10, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to a differential signal.

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