Canadian solidago canadensis removing and diversified silage feeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a solidago canadensis removing and diversified silage feeding method, which comprises the following steps: aiming at a solidago canadensis plant spreading in a local manner, mowing solidago canadensis with a sharp blade in the early flowering period of the current year and before the end of November, keeping the stubble height of 20cm, mowing the overground part vegetative mass, bundling and bagging; the method comprises the following steps: chopping and processing grass residues with the size of 2cm through a filament rubbing machine, and respectively obtaining silage fermented materials with different palatability, such as fermented material small packages, piled materials, pure wrapping materials, mixed wrapping materials and the like of solidago canadensis by adopting a diversified silage technology of vacuum silage, independent piling and storage, independent wrapping silage and mixed wrapping silage for feeding ruminants such as goats, Hu sheep and the like. The method is characterized in that the invasive malignant weed Solidago canadensis (overground part) is used as forage grass for silage utilization so as to exert the resource value of the Solidago canadensis, vegetative mass is utilized before flowering (initial flowering stage) of Solidago canadensis so as to avoid the stimulation effect of strong smell of inflorescence on livestock, and meanwhile, treatment is performed before flowering so as to achieve the aim of improving the utilization rate of the vegetative mass. The propagation in a larger range caused by the generation of seeds is also avoided; in addition, underground rhizomes have a strong propagation (asexual propagation) function, so that the underground rhizomes must be thoroughly eradicated unless the underground rhizomes need to be used for continuous forage grass production. The method aims to restrain spreading of invasive plants by efficiently utilizing forage grass resources, and a new way is provided for effective treatment of the invasive plant solidago canadensis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a new method for controlling and utilizing foreign malignant invasive weeds, and focuses on controlling and utilizing the invasive plant Solidago canadensis as feed to obtain green roughage of higher quality. Background Art

[0002] Canada goldenrod is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, native to North America, with long rhizomes; the stem is erect, 0.3-2.5m high, and it reproduces by seeds and rhizomes. The rhizomes are well-developed, the reproduction capacity is extremely strong, the spread speed is fast, the growth is also rapid, and the ecological adaptability is broad, and it can grow from hillside woodlands to swamps; it was introduced as an ornamental plant in 1935, and spread in the 1980s to become a malignant weed. It is the second batch of alien malignant invasive plants announced by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (2010); it has been reported in other parts of my country except Qinghai, Tibet and Inner Mongolia, and has caused harm to ecosystems in various places; Canada goldenrod often invades urban gardens, suburbs, wastelands, river banks, highways and railways, and also invades low mountain sparse forest wetland ecosystems, seriously consuming soil fertility, competing with surrounding plants for sunlight and fertilizer until other plants die.

[0003] There are currently several methods for controlling invasive alien plants, including chemical control, ecological control and biological control, but chemical control is still the main method, that is, herbicides are mainly used to control invasive plants; resource utilization of invasive plants is an important way to control their harm, and it is also a development trend of invasive plant control that people are concerned about; plant resource utilization mainly includes processing and utilization such as raw materials, substrates, fertilizers, and fuels. Although some progress has been made, the results of resource utilization of invasive alien plants are still insufficient, and further efforts should be made to increase development and utilization. By developing and utilizing, curbing their spread trend has the effect of killing two birds with one stone; Canada goldenrod contains rich bast fiber, crude protein, vitamins and trace elements, etc., and has a high feeding value. It can be developed and utilized as a biological feed. Moreover, as a plant of the Asteraceae family, it also has medicinal value, which can clear away heat and fire, enhance appetite, and regulate the intestines. Based on the above, this technology focuses on the biological utilization of Canada goldenrod, a typical local invasive alien plant with a large biomass, and focuses on the research and development of its diversified silage. Summary of the invention

[0004] A method for removing and diversifying canadensis solidago for silage, comprising the following steps and features: 1. For the Canada goldenrod plants that spread in patches, choose the early flowering period of the year, after September and before the end of November, use a sharp knife to mow the Canada goldenrod, leaving a stubble height of 20cm, mow the above-ground parts and pack them into bags, and mow the root stubble when it continues to grow new branches until the end of December of the same year, leaving a stubble height of 20-25cm, and bundle the mowed plants together. Dig out the remaining root stubble and underground parts in winter, dry them and burn them together; 2. Cut off the excess young flower spikes of the Canada thistle plants that have been mowed and bundled together, and use a medium-sized shredder with a power of 7.5 kW and a main shaft speed of 850 r / min to chop them into 2 cm grass residues. This is the silage preparation stage; 3. Canada goldenrod’s diversified silage technologies include four individual technologies: vacuum silage, separate stacking, separate package silage, and mixed package silage; (1) Vacuum silage technology features: Weigh 0.8 kg of each portion of Canada goldenrod silage preparation, mix with 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + 6 g / kg corn flour, mix well and adjust the moisture content to 65%, fill into 28 cm × 38 cm polyethylene vacuum bags in layers, evacuate with a vacuum packaging machine and seal the bag mouth with hot iron, and place neatly on a cloth cushion for fermentation; (2) Simple separate stacking technology: Clean the existing stacking facilities and wrap them with 0.2 mm thick plastic film. The unfolded size of the film should be large enough to wrap the silage pile. The silage raw materials are loaded into the facilities and plastic film in layers. Use a sprayer to spray 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + 0.1% potassium sorbate + 0.4% Na2SO3 + 0.2% CO(NH2)2 aqueous solution, and then add 20 kg / t rice and wheat straw to adjust the silage moisture to 65%. While loading, use heavy pressure to drive out the air in the material until the silage is loaded and piled to a height of 1-2 m and a total pile of 10-15 m. 3 When the burial is completed, it is sealed with a film and covered with heavy objects such as thick soil to suppress it. (3) Separately wrapped silage technology: Using a fermented feed baling and wrapping machine with a power of 7.5 kW and a speed of 960 r / min, the chopped Canada goldenrod raw material is spread on a 0.2 mm thick plastic film, and a water solution with a mass fraction of 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + enzyme is sprayed with a sprayer. The mixture is mixed and the moisture content is adjusted to 65%. The bales are then fed to a fixed wrapping machine through a conveyor belt for baling and wrapping, realizing integrated feeding and packaging. The weight of the silage bales obtained is 80-100 kg. After packaging, the quality of the bales is checked in time. If any damage is found, they are promptly disassembled and re-wrapped. The bales without quality problems are stacked in an orderly manner in the material yard. (4) Mixed silage technology: Select whole plants of mid-late maturing corn with green stalks and yellow seeds, leave 20-25 cm of stubble, mow the whole plant and transport it to the material yard, chop it with a shredder to a size of 2-3 cm, mix the resulting corn silage with Canada goldenrod silage at a mass ratio of 7:3, spray it with clean water containing 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + enzyme by mass fraction using a sprayer, mix well and adjust the moisture content to 65%, then feed it to a fixed wrapping machine through a conveyor belt for baling and wrapping. The resulting silage has a wrapped mass of 80-100 kg. Check the quality of the bales in time after packaging. If any damage is found, open and re-pack them in time. The bales without quality problems are stacked in order in the material yard; 4. The fermentation temperature in the pile and packaging area should be controlled at 20-35℃ and the relative humidity at 50%-80%. Avoid placing sharp objects in the material field to avoid scratching the pile and the material bags. The fermentation time should be controlled at 60 days, and the fermentation quality rate should be controlled at 90%; 5. Silage quality indicators: pH value 3.70-3.95, NH3-N / TN 6.12%-8.53%, brown with green color, strong sour aroma; silage feeding quality indicators: crude fat 3.55%-4.35%, crude protein 9.72%-13.14%, neutral detergent fiber 47.80%-58.16%, acid detergent fiber 30.33%-43.20%, crude ash 9.49%-11.62%, moisture 3.58%-5.31%, sensory evaluation is mostly excellent; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 It is a spreading patch of Canada goldenrod.

[0006] Figure 2 A close-up view of Canada goldenrod silage that has been chopped and processed by a shredder.

[0007] Figure 3 Small vacuum silage package of Canada goldenrod.

[0008] Figure 4 Windrow silage for Canada goldenrod.

[0009] Figure 5 Feed the silage into the wrapping machine for bale wrapping.

[0010] Figure 6 A close-up view of the silage made from the whole corn plant chopped up by a shredder.

[0011] Figure 7 Mix Canada goldenrod with corn silage.

[0012] Figure 8 For the stacked wrapping materials.

[0013] Fig. 9Comparison of crude fat mass fraction between raw material and fermented material of Solidago canadensis.

[0014] Fig.10 Comparison of crude protein quality scores between raw material and fermented feed of Solidago canadensis.

[0015] Fig.11 Comparison of neutral detergent fiber mass fractions between raw material and fermented material of Solidago canadensis.

[0016] Fig.12 Comparison of acid detergent fiber mass fractions in raw material and fermented material of Solidago canadensis.

[0017] Fig.13 Comparison of crude ash mass fractions between raw materials and fermented materials of Solidago canadensis.

[0018] Fig.14 Feeding local black goats with fermented feed of Solidago canadensis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Example 1: In Tinghu, Sheyang and other counties in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, the test area is located at 120.13 º~120.40 º east longitude; 33.0 º~34.0 º north latitude. The area is located in the northern wing of the Yangtze River Delta, with an average annual temperature of 14°C, an average annual precipitation of 1000mm, an evaporation of 1000-1500mm, and an average annual sunshine of 2200h; the average ground elevation is 3.4m, the organic matter content is 10g / kg, the pH value is about 7.5, the total N is 0.56g / kg, the total P is 0.35g / kg, and the total K is 29.20g / kg. After about 2010, sporadic detection of Canada goldenrod plants has become rampant in the past five years. This project was implemented in Tinghu and Sheyang.

[0020] The main implementation steps and the effects on the removal and silage of Canada goldenrod are as follows: 1. For the Canada goldenrod plants that spread in large areas in the east of Tinghu Salt Lake, choose the early flowering period of the year ( Figure 1 ), after September and before the end of November, use a sharp knife to mow the Canada goldenrod, leaving a stubble height of 20cm. After mowing the above-ground part, pack it into bags. When the root stubble continues to grow new branches until the end of December, mow it again, leaving a stubble height of 20-25cm. Bundle the mowed plants together, and dig out the remaining root stubble and underground parts in winter. Be sure to clean the root stubble in the soil, dry it in the sun, and burn it together; 2. Cut off the excess young flower spikes of the Canada goldenrod plants that have been mowed and bundled, and use a medium-sized shredder with a power of 7.5 kW and a spindle speed of 850 r / min to chop them into 2 cm grass residues, preparing for the subsequent diversified processing of silage ( Figure 2); 3. Canada goldenrod’s diversified silage technologies include four individual technologies: vacuum silage, separate stacking, separate package silage, and mixed package silage; (1) Vacuum silage technology features: Weigh 0.8 kg of each portion of Canada goldenrod silage preparation, mix with 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + 6 g / kg corn flour, mix well and adjust the moisture content to 65%, fill into 28 cm × 38 cm polyethylene vacuum bags in layers, evacuate with a vacuum packaging machine and seal the bag with hot stamping ( Figure 3 ), stack them neatly on a cloth mat for fermentation; (2) Simple separate storage technology: Clean up existing storage facilities, which can be cement facilities or semi-underground compacted earth pits, and cover them with 0.2 mm thick plastic film. The unfolded size of the film should be large enough to cover the silage pile. The silage raw materials are loaded into the facilities and the plastic film in layers. Figure 4 ), use a sprayer to spray 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + 0.1% potassium sorbate + 0.4% Na2SO3 + 0.2% CO(NH2)2 water solution, then add 20kg / t rice and wheat straw to adjust the silage moisture to 65%. While filling, use heavy pressure to drive out the air in the material until the silage is filled to a height of 1-2m and a total pile of 10-15m 3 When the burial is completed, it is sealed with a film and covered with heavy objects such as thick soil to suppress it. (3) Separately wrapped silage technology: Using a fermented feed baling and film wrapping machine with a power of 7.5 kW and a speed of 960 r / min, the chopped Canada goldenrod raw material is spread on a 0.2 mm thick plastic film, and a water solution with a mass fraction of 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + enzyme is sprayed with a sprayer. The mixture is mixed and the moisture content is adjusted to 65%. The silage is then fed to a fixed wrapping machine for baling and film wrapping via a conveyor belt to achieve integrated feeding and packaging. The resulting silage package has a weight of 80-100 kg ( Figure 5 ), check the quality of the straw bales in time after packaging, and if any damage is found, open and re-pack them in time, and stack the bales without quality problems in an orderly manner in the material yard; (4) Mixed silage technology: Select whole plants of mid- to late-maturing corn with green stalks and yellow seeds, leave 20-25 cm of stubble, cut the whole plant and transport it to the material yard, and cut it into pieces with a shredder to a size of 2-3 cm ( Figure 6 ), the prepared corn silage and Canada goldenrod silage were mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3 ( Figure 7 ), use a sprayer to spray clean water with a mass fraction of 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + enzyme, mix well and adjust the moisture content to 65%, and then feed it into a fixed wrapping machine through a conveyor belt for baling and wrapping. The resulting silage wrapping weight is 80-100kg (same Figure 5), check the quality of the straw bales in time after packaging, and if any damage is found, open and re-pack them in time, and stack the bales without quality problems in an orderly manner in the material yard ( Figure 8 ); 4. The fermentation temperature in the pile and packaging area should be controlled at 20-35℃ and the relative humidity at 50%-80%. Avoid placing sharp objects in the material field to avoid scratching the pile and the material bags. The fermentation time should be controlled at 60 days, and the fermentation quality rate should be controlled at 90%; 5. Silage quality indicators: pH value 3.70~3.95, NH3-N / TN 6.12%~8.53%, brown with green color, strong sour aroma; silage feeding quality indicators: crude fat mass fraction 3.55%~4.35% ( Fig. 9 ), crude protein quality fraction 9.72%~13.14% ( Fig.10 ), neutral detergent fiber mass fraction 47.80% ~ 58.16% ( Fig.11 ), acid detergent fiber mass fraction 30.33% ~ 43.20% ( Fig.12 ), crude ash mass fraction 9.49%~11.62% ( Fig.13 ), moisture content 3.58% to 5.31%, sensory evaluation is mostly excellent; 6. The fermented material prepared by the above diversified silage methods is used to feed the black goats and Hu sheep in Sheyang and other places. After observation, the black goats and Hu sheep like to eat ( Fig.14 ).

[0021] The core of the above-mentioned method for removing and diversifying the silage of Solidago canadensis is to utilize the invasive malignant weed Solidago canadensis (aerial part) as forage for silage to give full play to its resource value. The key point is to utilize the vegetative body of Solidago canadensis before it blooms (initial flowering period) to avoid the stimulation of the strong smell of its inflorescence on livestock. At the same time, processing before flowering also avoids its wider spread due to the production of seeds. In addition, since its underground rhizomes also have strong reproductive (asexual reproduction) functions, they must be completely eradicated unless they are needed for continuous forage production. In short, the purpose of this method is to curb the spread of invasive plants through the efficient utilization of forage resources, and to provide a new way for the effective control of the invasive plant Solidago canadensis. The implementation of this approach can provide an auxiliary option for the shortage of ruminant forage in winter. It has been calculated that this method can save about 3,000 yuan in feeding costs for farmers with 100 sheep.

Claims

1. For Canada goldenrod plants that spread in patches, choose the early flowering period of the year and before the end of November, use a sharp knife to mow the Canada goldenrod, leaving a stubble height of 20cm. After mowing the above-ground part, bale and bag it. When the root stubble continues to grow new branches until the end of December of the same year, mow it again, leaving a stubble height of 20-25cm. Bundle the mowed plants together, and dig out the remaining root stubble and underground parts in winter, dry them and burn them together.

2. Cut off the excess young flower spikes of Canada thistle plants that have been mowed and bundled together, and chop them into 2 cm straw residues using a medium-sized shredder with a power of 7.5 kW and a main shaft speed of 850 r / min, which is the silage preparation.

3. The diversified silage technology of Canada goldenrod includes four individual technologies: vacuum silage, separate stacking, separate wrapped silage, and mixed wrapped silage.

4. (1) Technical characteristics of vacuum silage: Weigh 0.8 kg of Canada goldenrod silage material, mix it with 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + 6g / kg corn flour, mix well and adjust the moisture content to 65%, fill it into 28cm×38cm polyethylene vacuum bags in layers, evacuate the bag with a vacuum packaging machine and seal the bag with hot iron, then place it neatly on a cloth cushion for fermentation.

5. (2) Technical characteristics of separate stacking: Clean the existing stacking facilities and wrap them with 0.2 mm thick plastic film. The unfolded size of the film should be large enough to wrap the silage pile. The silage raw materials are loaded into the facilities and plastic film in layers. Use a sprayer to spray 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + 0.1% potassium sorbate + 0.4% Na2SO3 + 0.2% CO(NH2)2 by mass fraction, and then add 20 kg / t rice and wheat straw. Adjust the moisture content to 65%. While loading, press hard to drive out the air in the material. The silage material is loaded and piled 1-2 m high and the total pile is 10-15 m high. 3 When the temple is built, it is sealed with a film and covered with thick soil or other heavy objects.

6. (3) Technical characteristics of individually wrapped silage: Using a fermented feed baling and wrapping machine with a power of 7.5 kW and a rotation speed of 960 r / min, the chopped Canada goldenrod raw material is spread on a 0.2 mm thick plastic film, and clean water with a mass fraction of 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + enzyme is sprayed with a sprayer. The mixture is mixed and the moisture content is adjusted to 65%. The silage is then fed to a fixed wrapping machine for baling and wrapping via a conveyor belt to achieve integrated feeding and packaging. The resulting silage has a wrapped mass of 80-100 kg.

7. (4) Technical characteristics of mixed wrapped silage: Select whole plants of mid-late maturing fodder corn with green stalks and yellow seeds, and mow the whole plant with a stubble length of 20-25 cm. Then transport it to the material yard, chop it with a shredder to a size of 2-3 cm, mix the resulting corn silage with Canada goldenrod silage in a mass ratio of 7:3, spray it with clean water containing 0.05% lactic acid bacteria agent + enzyme by mass fraction using a sprayer, mix well and adjust the moisture content to 65%, then feed it to a fixed wrapping machine via a conveyor belt for baling and wrapping. The resulting silage has a wrapped mass of 80-100 kg.

8. The diversified silage technology described in the present invention is a complete silage fermentation system. The fermentation temperature of the silage fermentation bags, piles and wrapping sites is normally controlled at 20-35°C and the relative humidity of the air is 50%-80%. Sharp objects should not be placed in the material yard to avoid scratching the piles and bags. The fermentation time is controlled to 60 days, and the fermentation quality rate is controlled at 90%.

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