Method for building a repository for carbon dioxide in basalt by rapid mineralization and evaluation method

Abstract

The application discloses a method for building a carbon dioxide storage in basalt and an evaluation method, and relates to the field of energy reserves and utilization, and comprises the following steps: S1, multiple-point coring is performed on a target area, and the distribution of the basalt reservoir is obtained according to the lithology distribution of the core; S2, the age, porosity and permeability of the basalt reservoir are tested, and the connectivity of the basalt reservoir is evaluated; S3, drilling, casing and cementing operations are performed on the target basalt reservoir, and temperature and pressure sensors are arranged along the wellbore; and S4, a ground CO2-water mixing pump station is arranged near the injection well, water in the basalt reservoir is fully mixed with CO2 gas to saturation to form saturated CO2 formation water; the application has low carbon leakage risk and good economic benefits based on the building method of the basalt underground reservoir for mineral carbon sequestration, and efficient and safe carbon sequestration and low-cost underground reservoir building are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage and utilization technology, and in particular to a method and evaluation method for constructing a storage facility by rapid mineralization of carbon dioxide in basalt. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the field of energy storage and utilization, there is an urgent need to strengthen underground oil and gas storage to ensure the security of oil and gas supply. In addition, to utilize electricity generated during off-peak hours at night and surplus wind and solar power, it is necessary to store excess energy, such as wind, solar, or off-peak electricity, as thermal energy for reuse when needed, for example, storing at night for daytime use or storing in summer for winter use. Currently, underground storage facilities are mainly built in salt caverns or relatively dense natural rock formations; however, the construction of both types of storage facilities requires artificial cavern creation, resulting in high costs.

[0003] Furthermore, with the introduction of my country's "dual carbon" target, CO2 geological storage technology is considered an effective means of large-scale CO2 disposal. However, most of the CO2 injected by this technology exists in a free state in the buried storage layer for a long time, posing a high risk of CO2 leakage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to construct underground storage facilities that convert CO2 into carbon-fixing minerals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method for constructing underground storage facilities by rapidly mineralizing carbon dioxide in basalt based on mineral carbon sequestration. This method addresses the problems of high costs associated with traditional artificial underground storage and the significant CO2 leakage risk and lack of economic benefits associated with traditional CO2 geological burial techniques. The method offers advantages such as low carbon leakage risk and good economic benefits, thereby achieving efficient and safe carbon sequestration and low-cost underground storage construction. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a method for constructing a storage tank through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1 performs multi-point core sampling in the target area to obtain the distribution of rock strata in deep formations, especially the distribution of basalt reservoirs, by analyzing the lithological distribution of the cores.

[0007] S2 tests were conducted to measure the age, porosity, and permeability of basalt reservoirs and to assess their connectivity.

[0008] S3 performs drilling, casing installation, and cementing operations on the target basalt reservoir and deploys temperature and pressure sensors along the wellbore.

[0009] S4 deploys a surface CO2-water mixing pump station near the injection well to extract water from the basalt reservoir to the CO2-water mixing pump station, where it is fully mixed with CO2 gas until saturation, forming CO2-saturated formation water.

[0010] S5 injects saturated CO2-saturated formation water into the target basalt reservoir. Near the well, a CO2-water-basalt reservoir reaction occurs, increasing the porosity of the basalt reservoir. Far from the well, secondary mineral precipitation leads to a decrease in the porosity of the basalt reservoir. The space surrounded by the basalt with decreased porosity is the underground reservoir space.

[0011] S6 uses a water injection test to verify the airtightness of the underground basalt reservoir space and the connectivity of the reservoir space surrounding the basalt. If the airtightness and connectivity are insufficient, it is necessary to extend the reaction time of carbon fixation of basalt minerals, and if necessary, to achieve complete sealing of the reservoir through grouting.

[0012] S7 injects crude oil or natural gas into underground storage spaces to form underground oil and gas storage facilities; or injects hot water into underground storage spaces to form underground thermal storage facilities.

[0013] For example, in a method for constructing a reservoir by rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt provided in one embodiment, in step S1, the formation pressure of the target basalt reservoir is not less than 2.5 MPa and the formation temperature does not exceed 300°C.

[0014] For example, in a method for constructing a reservoir by rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt provided in one embodiment, in step S2, the basalt reservoir is selected as a young / Cenozoic porous basalt reservoir with a porosity of not less than 10%.

[0015] For example, in a method for constructing a storage tank by rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt provided in one embodiment, in step S3, the casing is made of a high-strength alloy that is resistant to acid corrosion and can resist fatigue loads and geostress during injection and production cycles, and a cementing material with acid corrosion resistance and high sealing performance is used between the casing and the wellbore to avoid leakage of injected crude oil, natural gas or hot water.

[0016] For example, in a method for constructing a reservoir by rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt provided in one embodiment, in step S4, the CO2-water mixing pump station has at least two water storage tanks for mixing formation water and CO2, and storing formation water for later sealing; the CO2-water concrete pump station has the function of extracting formation water from the basalt reservoir and injecting the mixed solution.

[0017] For example, in a method for constructing a reservoir by rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt provided in one embodiment, in step S5, the injection volume, injection rate, and total injection time of the saturated CO2 formation water are related to the reservoir size, and the saturated CO2 formation water injection parameters are determined by combining the total volume of the proposed reservoir.

[0018] For example, in a method for constructing a reservoir by rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt provided in one embodiment, in step S6, if the reservoir's airtightness and connectivity are insufficient, the amount of formation water to be injected with saturated CO2 and the reaction time need to be determined in conjunction with a water injection test until the requirements of the basalt reservoir are met; the permeability of the basalt reservoir filled with secondary mineral precipitation at the far well is less than 0.001 times the permeability of the basalt reservoir near the well.

[0019] For example, in a method for constructing a storage tank by rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt provided in one embodiment, in step S7, when the underground storage space of the basalt is storing oil and gas, crude oil or natural gas is directly injected into the underground storage space, and the temperature and pressure changes of the wellbore and the storage space are monitored in real time, and the injection pressure of crude oil or natural gas is not greater than the bottom pressure.

[0020] When the crude oil or natural gas injected into the underground storage space reaches the predetermined injection volume, water from the basalt reservoir in S4 is injected through the wellbore to seal the crude oil or natural gas. The liquid level changes are monitored in real time. If the monitored formation water level changes are not significant, the storage is considered to be operating safely. If the monitored liquid level changes are significant, the cause needs to be investigated and maintenance needs to be carried out.

[0021] For example, in a method for constructing a storage tank by rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt provided in one embodiment, in step S7, when the underground storage space of basalt is used for heat storage, a ground cold water heating pump station needs to be set up near the injection well. The water source required by the cold water heating pump station comes from the formation water used for the construction of the tank, and the energy required comes from the electricity generated during the off-peak hours of the power grid at night, as well as the surplus wind power generation and solar power generation. The heated hot water is injected into the storage tank, and the temperature and pressure changes of the well and the storage space are monitored in real time. The injection pressure of the hot water is not greater than the bottom pressure.

[0022] When the amount of hot water injected into the underground storage space reaches the predetermined injection volume, the injection stops, the change in the liquid level is monitored, and the hot water is circulated and injected-extracted according to demand to meet specific needs;

[0023] The hot water circulation injection-extraction includes two modes:

[0024] (1) Night injection - mining during the day and injecting hot water at night. The hot water is used for heating or power generation during the day. If the liquid level changes significantly at night, the cause needs to be checked and maintenance carried out.

[0025] (2) Summer injection - winter mining: hot water is injected in summer and used for heating or power generation in winter. During this period: if the monitored liquid level changes significantly, the cause needs to be checked and maintenance carried out; if the monitored temperature drops by more than 10%, hot water can continue to be injected into the reservoir to restore the reservoir temperature.

[0026] The second aspect of this application provides an evaluation method for constructing a basalt reservoir using rapid carbon dioxide mineralization. The reservoir is constructed using this method. A quantitative evaluation method for the leakage rate during the operational period after injecting crude oil, natural gas, or hot water into the constructed basalt reservoir is as follows: real-time monitoring of temperature and pressure changes in the wellbore and reservoir space; real-time monitoring of fluid level changes when the injected crude oil, natural gas, or hot water into the underground reservoir space reaches a predetermined injection volume; if the monitored formation water level change is small, the reservoir is considered to be operating safely; if the monitored fluid level change is large, the cause needs to be investigated and maintenance performed.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the method and evaluation method for constructing carbon dioxide storage tanks by rapid mineralization of carbon dioxide in basalt provided in some embodiments of this application are as follows: This application addresses the problems of high investment costs in artificial pit construction for traditional underground storage spaces and the high risk of CO2 leakage and lack of economic benefits of traditional CO2 geological burial technology. It provides a method for constructing underground basalt storage tanks based on mineral carbon sequestration with low carbon leakage risk and good economic benefits. This method not only improves the economic benefits of carbon sequestration but also reduces the construction cost of underground storage space, thereby achieving efficient and safe carbon sequestration and low-cost underground storage tank construction. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for constructing a storage tank through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt, as described in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0032] Basalt contains abundant carbon-fixing minerals, possessing very high CO2 mineral sequestration potential. The CarbFix pilot project in Iceland in recent years has shown that injecting 73–175 tons of CO2 mixed with water into basalt reservoirs can convert over 95% of the CO2 into carbonate minerals within two years, achieving permanent sequestration.

[0033] In view of this, this application addresses the problems of high investment costs in artificially constructed underground storage spaces and the high risk of CO2 leakage and lack of economic benefits associated with traditional CO2 geological burial technologies. It provides a method for constructing storage facilities through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt. This method is based on mineral carbon sequestration, resulting in low carbon leakage risk and good economic benefits, thus achieving efficient and safe carbon sequestration and low-cost underground storage construction. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0034] S1 uses core drilling technology to collect cores at multiple points in the target area. By analyzing the lithological distribution of the cores, it obtains information on the distribution of deep strata, especially the distribution of basalt reservoirs.

[0035] The target basalt reservoir has a formation pressure of not less than 2.5 MPa and a formation temperature of not more than 300℃.

[0036] S2 tests were conducted to measure the age, porosity, and permeability of basalt reservoirs and to assess their connectivity.

[0037] Among them, basalt reservoirs should be selected from young / Cenozoic and porous basalt reservoirs with a porosity of not less than 10%. The pores of older basalt reservoirs have been filled with secondary minerals, making them unsuitable for reservoir construction.

[0038] S3 performs drilling, casing installation, and cementing operations on the target basalt reservoir and deploys temperature and pressure sensors along the wellbore.

[0039] The casing is made of a high-strength alloy that is resistant to acid corrosion, fatigue loads during injection and production cycles, and ground stress. Furthermore, acid-resistant and highly sealing cementing materials are used between the casing and the wellbore to prevent leakage of injected crude oil, natural gas, or hot water.

[0040] S4 deploys a surface CO2-water mixing pump station near the injection well to extract water from the basalt reservoir to the CO2-water mixing pump station, where it is fully mixed with CO2 gas until saturation, forming CO2-saturated formation water.

[0041] The CO2-water mixing pump station has at least two water storage tanks, which are used to mix formation water and CO2 respectively, and to store formation water for later sealing; the CO2-water concrete pump station has the function of extracting formation water from basalt reservoirs and injecting mixed solutions.

[0042] S5 injects saturated CO2-saturated formation water into the target basalt reservoir. Near the well, a CO2-water-basalt reservoir reaction occurs, increasing the porosity of the basalt reservoir. Far from the well, secondary mineral precipitation leads to a decrease in the porosity of the basalt reservoir. The space surrounded by the basalt with decreased porosity is the underground reservoir space.

[0043] The injection volume, injection rate, and total injection time of the saturated CO2 formation water are related to the reservoir size. The injection parameters of the saturated CO2 formation water are determined by combining the total volume of the proposed reservoir.

[0044] During carbon fixation in basalt, a complex dissolution-precipitation reaction occurs between basalt, CO2, and water. Because the aqueous solution dissolving CO2 is acidic, it generally dissolves basalt minerals during injection, expanding pores and opening fluid channels near the injection well. As the solution continues to diffuse, the acid concentration gradually decreases, and secondary minerals precipitate away from the wellbore, filling the basalt pores. This creates a highly porous "cavity" near the injection well. The decreased porosity due to secondary mineral precipitation forms a relatively closed, sealed layer around the "cavity," providing a suitable storage space and making it a potential site for underground storage facilities.

[0045] S6 uses a water injection test to verify the airtightness of the underground basalt reservoir space and the connectivity of the reservoir space surrounding the basalt. If the airtightness and connectivity are insufficient, it is necessary to extend the reaction time of carbon fixation of basalt minerals, and if necessary, to achieve complete sealing of the reservoir through grouting.

[0046] If the reservoir's airtightness and connectivity are insufficient, the amount of formation water to be injected with saturated CO2 and the reaction time need to be determined in conjunction with water injection tests until the requirements of the basalt reservoir are met; the permeability of the basalt reservoir filled with secondary mineral precipitation at the far well is less than 0.001 times the permeability of the basalt reservoir near the well.

[0047] S7 injects crude oil or natural gas into underground storage space to form underground oil and gas storage; or injects hot water into underground storage space to form underground thermal storage.

[0048] When storing oil and gas in the basalt underground storage space, crude oil or natural gas is directly injected into the underground storage space, and the temperature and pressure changes of the wellbore and storage space are monitored in real time. The injection pressure of crude oil or natural gas does not exceed the bottom layer pressure. When the crude oil or natural gas injected into the underground storage space reaches the predetermined injection volume, water from the basalt reservoir in S4 is injected through the wellbore to seal the crude oil or natural gas. The liquid level changes are monitored in real time. If the monitored formation water level changes are not significant, the storage is considered to be operating safely. If the monitored liquid level changes significantly, the cause needs to be investigated and maintenance needs to be carried out.

[0049] When storing heat in a basalt underground reservoir, a surface cold water heating pump station needs to be installed near the injection well. The water source for the cold water heating pump station comes from the formation water used for reservoir construction, and the energy source comes from electricity generated during off-peak hours at night, as well as surplus wind and solar power. The heated hot water is injected into the reservoir, and the temperature and pressure changes in the wellbore and reservoir space are monitored in real time. The injection pressure of the hot water does not exceed the bottom pressure. When the amount of hot water injected into the underground reservoir space reaches the predetermined injection volume, the injection stops, the liquid level changes are monitored, and the hot water is circulated and extracted as needed to meet specific requirements.

[0050] The hot water circulation injection-extraction includes two modes:

[0051] (1) Night injection - mining during the day and injecting hot water at night. The hot water is used for heating or power generation during the day. If the liquid level changes significantly at night, the cause needs to be checked and maintenance carried out.

[0052] (2) Summer injection-winter extraction: Hot water is injected in summer and used for heating or power generation in winter. During this period: if the monitored liquid level changes significantly, the cause needs to be investigated and maintenance carried out; if the monitored temperature drops by more than 10%, hot water can continue to be injected into the reservoir to restore the reservoir temperature. In particular, the basalt underground reservoir is buried at a deep depth, and the inherent stratum temperature can also play a role in heat preservation.

[0053] The second aspect of this application provides an evaluation method for constructing a basalt reservoir using rapid carbon dioxide mineralization. The reservoir is constructed using this method. A quantitative evaluation method for the leakage rate during the operational period after injecting crude oil, natural gas, or hot water into the constructed basalt reservoir is as follows: real-time monitoring of temperature and pressure changes in the wellbore and reservoir space; real-time monitoring of fluid level changes when the injected crude oil, natural gas, or hot water into the underground reservoir space reaches a predetermined injection volume; if the monitored formation water level change is small, the reservoir is considered to be operating safely; if the monitored fluid level change is large, the cause needs to be investigated and maintenance performed.

[0054] Although the embodiments of this application have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for this application. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, this application is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method of building a reservoir for the sequestration of carbon dioxide in basalt, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: multiple-point coring is performed on the target area, and the lithology distribution of the deep stratum is obtained through the lithology distribution of the core, including the distribution of the basalt reservoir; S2: the age, porosity and permeability of the basalt reservoir are tested, and the connectivity of the basalt reservoir is evaluated; S3: drilling, casing and cementing operations are performed on the target basalt reservoir, and temperature and pressure sensors are arranged along the wellbore; S4: a CO2-water mixed pump station is arranged near the injection well to extract the water in the basalt reservoir to the CO2-water mixed pump station, mix with CO2 gas to saturation, and form saturated CO2 formation water; the CO2-water mixed pump station has at least two water storage tanks for mixing the formation water and CO2, and storing the formation water for later sealing; S5: saturated CO2 formation water is injected into the target basalt reservoir, and the near-well CO2-water-basalt reservoir reacts, and the porosity of the basalt reservoir increases; the secondary mineral precipitation at the far-well causes the porosity of the basalt reservoir to decrease, and the space surrounded by the basalt reservoir with decreased porosity is the underground storage space; Wherein the permeability of the basalt reservoir filled with secondary mineral precipitation at the far-well is less than 0.001 times the permeability of the basalt reservoir near the well; S6: the tightness of the basalt underground storage space and the connectivity of the space surrounded by the basalt are tested through water injection test; if the tightness and connectivity are insufficient, the reaction time of the basalt mineral carbon sequestration needs to be extended; S7: crude oil or natural gas is injected into the underground storage space to form an underground oil and gas storage; or hot water is injected into the underground storage space to form an underground heat storage; When the basalt underground storage space stores heat, a ground cold water heating pump station is arranged near the injection well to inject heated hot water into the storage, and the hot water is injected and extracted in a cycle according to the demand, wherein the hot water circulation injection-extraction includes two modes: (1) injection at night and extraction during the day; (2) injection in summer and extraction in winter.

2. The method for constructing a storage facility through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S1, the formation pressure of the target basalt reservoir is not less than 2.5 MPa, and the formation temperature is not more than 300℃.

3. The method for constructing a storage tank through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S2, the basalt reservoir is selected as a Cenozoic and porous basalt reservoir with a porosity of not less than 10%.

4. The method for constructing a storage tank through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S3, the casing is made of high-strength alloy resistant to acid corrosion, can resist injection and production cycle fatigue load and ground stress, and the casing and wellbore are made of acid-resistant and high-sealing cementing material to avoid leakage of injected crude oil or natural gas or hot water.

5. The method for constructing a storage tank through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S4, the CO2-water mixed concrete pump station has the functions of extracting formation water from the basalt reservoir and injecting mixed solution.

6. The method for constructing a storage tank through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S5, the injection amount, injection rate and total injection time of the saturated CO2 formation water are associated with the size of the storage, and the injection parameters of the saturated CO2 formation water are determined in combination with the total volume of the proposed storage.

7. The method for constructing a storage tank through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S6, if the tightness and connectivity of the storage are insufficient, the water amount and reaction time of the saturated CO2 formation water need to be determined in combination with the water injection test until the requirements of the basalt storage are met.

8. The method for constructing a storage facility through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S7, when the basalt underground storage space stores oil and gas, crude oil or natural gas is directly injected into the underground storage space, and the temperature and pressure changes of the wellbore and the storage space are monitored in real time, and the injection pressure of the crude oil or natural gas is not greater than the bottom pressure; When the injected crude oil or natural gas in the underground storage space reaches the predetermined injection amount, water in the basalt reservoir in S4 is injected through the wellbore to seal the crude oil or natural gas, and the liquid level change is monitored in real time. If the monitored formation water liquid level change is not large, it is considered that the storage is safe to operate; if the monitored liquid level change is large, the reason needs to be checked and maintained.

9. The method for constructing a storage facility through rapid carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S7, the water source required by the cold water heating pump station comes from the formation water used for building the reservoir, the energy source comes from the power during the night load valley of the power grid and the excess wind power generation and solar power generation, the heated hot water is injected into the storage, and the temperature and pressure changes of the wellbore and the storage space are monitored in real time, and the injection pressure of the hot water is not greater than the bottom pressure; When the injected hot water in the underground storage space reaches the predetermined injection amount, the injection is stopped, the liquid level change is monitored, and the hot water is recycled and extracted according to the demand to meet the specific demand; The hot water recycling injection-extraction includes two modes: (1) night injection-day extraction, hot water is injected at night, and hot water is used for heating or power generation during the day, If the monitored liquid level change is large at night, the reason needs to be checked and maintained; (2) summer injection-winter extraction, hot water is injected in summer, and hot water is used for heating or power generation in winter, during which: if the monitored liquid level change is large, the reason needs to be checked and maintained; if the monitored temperature reduction rate exceeds 10%, hot water can be continuously injected into the storage to restore the temperature of the storage.

10. A method of evaluating the construction of a repository for the sequestration of carbon dioxide in basalt, characterized in that, The method for quantitatively evaluating the leakage rate of the basalt reservoir built by the method for building a reservoir by rapidly mineralizing carbon dioxide in the basalt of any one of claims 1-9 is: real-time monitoring of the temperature and pressure changes of the wellbore and the storage space, when the injected crude oil or natural gas or hot water in the underground storage space reaches the predetermined injection amount, the liquid level change is monitored in real time, if the monitored formation water liquid level change is not large, it is considered that the storage is safe to operate; if the monitored liquid level change is large, the reason needs to be checked and maintained.

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