Anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of anion exchange membranes and discloses an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting and a preparation method thereof. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the like are used as main chains, and aromatic side chains containing quaternary ammonium cationic groups are adopted to synthesize a novel anion exchange membrane material through a radiation grafting process. The anion exchange membrane material has high mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and chemical stability. At the same time, the anion exchange membrane material has high surface roughness, which makes it have stronger hydrophilicity and adhesion to the catalyst layer and a larger contact area with the catalyst layer, thereby having more excellent fuel cell and water electrolysis performance. In addition, the overall synthesis method of the present invention is relatively simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the reaction time is short, the cost is low, and it is easy to scale up production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of anion exchange membranes, and in particular relates to an anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Despite the continued discovery of new proven oil and gas reserves, the non-renewable and rapidly depleting fossil fuels may not be sufficient to meet future energy needs, creating a near-term energy supply-demand gap that threatens global energy security. In recent years, many countries and companies have invested heavily in extensive research and development programs to develop new alternative and renewable energy sources, as well as technologies that can sustainably bridge current and future energy supply gaps. New energy sources include hydropower, wind power, solar power, geothermal energy, biomass energy, nuclear energy, and hydrogen energy, including fuel cell technology and water electrolysis. Hydrogen energy is the most promising green and clean alternative energy source of the future, offering advantages such as low carbon emissions, zero pollution, and high efficiency.

[0003] Alkaline electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen (AEMWE) has always attracted much attention due to its advantages such as low cost and the use of non-precious metal catalysts. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are key components of electrolytic cells and are composed of polymer backbones and cationic groups. The role of AEMs is to convert OH - O2 is generated by transferring from the cathode side to the anode side, separating the gases generated by the positive and negative electrodes. The polymer backbone determines the mechanical strength of the membrane, and the cationic group is responsible for transferring OH - ions. However, AEMs face the problem of relatively low ion exchange rate. In addition, alkaline anion exchange membranes also face the problem of relatively poor alkali stability. The main chain and quaternary ammonium groups in the polymer chain structure are easily affected by strong alkaline nucleophiles OH - The attack of ions leads to degradation of the main chain and quaternary ammonium groups, damaging the AEM and reducing its ion transport capacity. Therefore, improving the conductivity and alkaline stability of anion exchange membranes and optimizing their application in electrolyzed water are urgent issues that need to be addressed for anion exchange membranes.

[0004] There is currently little research on the effect of surface roughness of anion exchange membranes on hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Since roughness is closely related to the degree of surface area expansion, it will affect the contact angle (CA) and adhesion of the liquid (Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1936, 28 (8): 988-994.). Generally, a surface structure with greater roughness has a larger specific surface area, providing more contact points for intermolecular interactions (Nature Communications, 2021, 12 (1): 1477.), which may increase adhesion. The surface roughness of AEM may affect the interface between AEM and the catalyst layer. In addition, more contact points will also increase the number of ion transmission channels, thereby improving the performance of AEMWE.

[0005] Therefore, in order to address the problems of improving the conductivity and alkaline stability of the above-mentioned anion exchange membrane and exploring the influence of the surface roughness of the anion exchange membrane on the performance of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, the present invention proposes an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting. The present invention uses polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc. as the main chain, and adopts aromatic side chains containing quaternary ammonium cationic groups, so that it has higher mechanical properties, conductivity and chemical stability; and the present invention has higher surface roughness, so that it can perform better in the electrolysis water test. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention focuses on solving the problems of anion exchange membranes needing to improve conductivity and alkaline stability, and provides an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting and a preparation method thereof. The present invention uses polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc. as the main chain, and adopts aromatic side chains containing quaternary ammonium cationic groups, so that the membrane has high mechanical properties, conductivity and chemical stability; and the present invention has high surface roughness, so that it can perform better in water electrolysis tests.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a high surface roughness anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting is provided, and the chemical structure of the anion exchange membrane is as follows:

[0009]

[0010] The main chain of the anion exchange membrane is one of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); wherein QA + represents a quaternary ammonium cationic group; wherein the value of x is 100-35000, and the value of m is 1-500;

[0011] The surface roughness Ra of the anion exchange membrane is 500 nm to 5 μm.

[0012] Furthermore, the quaternary ammonium cationic group is a trimethylamine cationic group.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above-mentioned anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) Preparation of high-roughness precursor films:

[0015] Using one of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a precursor film with high surface roughness is prepared by roller or solvent casting;

[0016] (2) Electron beam irradiation:

[0017] irradiating the precursor film with high surface roughness obtained in step (1) under electron beam radiation, and storing it at low temperature after irradiation;

[0018] (3) Grafted side chain:

[0019] First, chloromethyl vinylbenzene (VBC), a surfactant, and ultrapure water are added to a reactor, and an inert gas is introduced at room temperature to create an inert atmosphere in the reactor. At the same time, chloromethyl vinylbenzene (VBC) and the surfactant are uniformly mixed in the ultrapure water to form an emulsion.

[0020] Afterwards, the irradiated film obtained in step (2) is added into the reactor, and an inert gas is introduced;

[0021] After introducing inert gas for 0.5-2 h, the reaction system was transferred to a water bath and reacted under heating;

[0022] After the reaction is completed, the film is washed with solvent A and then dried in a vacuum oven to obtain a grafted intermediate film;

[0023] (4) Quaternization:

[0024] The grafted intermediate film obtained in step (3) is added to a quaternary ammonium cation solution for reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is washed with solvent B to obtain an anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting;

[0025] (5) Ion replacement

[0026] The anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting synthesized in step (4) is immersed in a sodium chloride solution and washed with water to obtain a Cl - Radiation-grafted anion exchange membranes for long-term storage in a wet state.

[0027] Furthermore, the pressing roller in step (1) is used to pressurize the film at room temperature or a high temperature of 50-600° C., so that its surface morphology changes and has a high surface roughness.

[0028] Furthermore, the solvent casting re-filming in step (1) refers to converting the film into liquid by melting or dissolving it into a solvent at a high temperature of more than 80°C, and then solidifying it into a film on a surface with a certain roughness by casting, so that the film has a high surface roughness.

[0029] Furthermore, the dose of the electron beam radiation in step (2) is 50-150 kGy.

[0030] Furthermore, the temperature of the low-temperature storage in step (2) is less than or equal to -30°C.

[0031] Furthermore, the surfactant in step (3) is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (NOP).

[0032] Furthermore, in step (3), the volume ratio of chloromethyl vinylbenzene (VBC) to surfactant is 1-10:1.

[0033] Furthermore, the reaction in step (3) is carried out under heating, the reaction temperature should be 50-80° C., and the reaction time should be 4-24 h.

[0034] Furthermore, the cleaning solvent A in step (3) is at least one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and deionized water.

[0035] Furthermore, the grafted intermediate film in step (4) is an aromatic side chain film containing chloromethyl groups.

[0036] Furthermore, the quaternary ammonium cation solution in step (4) is a trimethylammonium solution with a concentration of 30-35 wt%.

[0037] Furthermore, the reaction in step (4) is carried out at room temperature for 24-48 hours.

[0038] Furthermore, the cleaning solvent B in step (4) is at least one of ethanol and deionized water.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] The present invention provides a high surface roughness anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting and a preparation method thereof. A new type of anion exchange membrane material is synthesized by the process of radiation grafting. The anion exchange membrane material has good mechanical strength, chemical stability and excellent electrochemical performance. In addition, a method for enhancing the surface roughness of the anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting is provided, so that it has stronger hydrophilicity and adhesion to the catalyst layer and a larger contact area with the catalyst layer, thereby having more excellent fuel cell and water electrolysis performance. In addition, since the high surface roughness anion exchange membrane prepared by the radiation grafting of the invention is different from the preparation method of the traditional cast film, the present invention adopts the method of modifying the polymer precursor film to prepare it. Since it is a heterogeneous reaction, during the reaction process, the high surface roughness film has a higher hydrophilicity, making it easier to combine with the reaction solution, thereby facilitating uniform reaction and reducing the difficulty of the reaction process. The overall process of the synthesis method in the present invention is relatively simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the reaction time is short, the cost is low, and it is easy to scale up production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the anion exchange membranes prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example.

[0042] Figure 2 The hydroxide ion conductivity of the anion exchange membrane prepared in Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the horizontal axis represents temperature in ° C., and the vertical axis represents ion conductivity in mS / cm.

[0043] Figure 3 The linear sweep voltammetric curves of the electrolysis performance of the anion exchange membrane prepared in Example 1 and the comparative example, where the horizontal axis is the current, the unit is A / cm 2 ; The vertical axis is voltage, the unit is V.

[0044] Figure 4 These are pictures of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic angle tests of the anion exchange membranes prepared in Example 1 and the comparative example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following is a more detailed description of the specific implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, so that the scheme of the present invention and its advantages in various aspects can be better understood. It should be noted that the specific implementation methods and examples described below are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] The present invention provides a high surface roughness anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting, and the chemical structure of the anion exchange membrane is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] The main chain of the anion exchange membrane is one of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); wherein QA + represents a quaternary ammonium cationic group; wherein the value of x is 100-35000, and the value of m is 1-500;

[0049] The surface roughness Ra of the anion exchange membrane is 500 nm to 5 μm.

[0050] According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in S1, the quaternary ammonium cationic group is a trimethylamine cationic group.

[0051] At the same time, a method for preparing the above-mentioned anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0052] (1) Preparation of high-roughness precursor films:

[0053] Using one of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a precursor film with high surface roughness is prepared by roller or solvent casting;

[0054] (2) Electron beam irradiation:

[0055] irradiating the precursor film with high surface roughness obtained in step (1) under electron beam radiation, and storing it at low temperature after irradiation;

[0056] (3) Grafted side chain:

[0057] First, chloromethyl vinylbenzene (VBC), a surfactant, and ultrapure water are added to a reactor, and an inert gas is introduced at room temperature to create an inert atmosphere in the reactor. At the same time, chloromethyl vinylbenzene (VBC) and the surfactant are uniformly mixed in the ultrapure water to form an emulsion.

[0058] Afterwards, the irradiated film obtained in step (2) is added into the reactor, and an inert gas is introduced;

[0059] After introducing inert gas for 0.5-2 h, the reaction system was transferred to a water bath and reacted under heating;

[0060] After the reaction is completed, the film is washed with solvent A and then dried in a vacuum oven to obtain a grafted intermediate film;

[0061] (4) Quaternization:

[0062] The grafted intermediate film obtained in step (3) is added to a quaternary ammonium cation solution for reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is washed with solvent B to obtain an anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting;

[0063] (5) Ion replacement

[0064] The anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting synthesized in step (4) is immersed in a sodium chloride solution and washed with water to obtain a Cl - Radiation-grafted anion exchange membranes for long-term storage in a wet state.

[0065] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the pressing roller in step (1) is used to pressurize the film at room temperature or a high temperature of 50-600° C., thereby changing its surface morphology and giving it a high surface roughness.

[0066] For some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the solvent casting re-filming in step (1) refers to converting the film into a liquid state by melting or dissolving the film into a solvent at a high temperature above 80°C, and then solidifying it into a film by casting on a surface with a certain roughness, thereby forming a high surface roughness of the film.

[0067] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the dose of the electron beam radiation in step (2) is 50-150 kGy.

[0068] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the cryopreservation in step (2) is less than or equal to -30°C.

[0069] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the surfactant in step (3) is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (NOP).

[0070] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the volume ratio of chloromethyl vinylbenzene (VBC) to surfactant in step (3) is 1-10:1.

[0071] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the reaction in step (3) is carried out under heating, the reaction temperature should be 50-80° C., and the reaction time should be 4-24 h.

[0072] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cleaning solvent A in step (3) is at least one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and deionized water.

[0073] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the grafted intermediate film in step (4) is an aromatic side chain film containing chloromethyl groups.

[0074] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the quaternary ammonium cation solution in step (4) is a trimethylammonium solution with a concentration of 30-35 wt%.

[0075] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the reaction in step (4) is carried out at room temperature for 24-48 hours.

[0076] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cleaning solvent B in step (4) is at least one of ethanol and deionized water.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] A high surface roughness anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting is prepared by the following steps:

[0079] An ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) film with a low surface roughness (Ra ≈ 300 nm) was heated to 200°C and rolled using a laser-etched metal roller with a high surface roughness. This indented the precursor film to increase its surface roughness. Laser microscopy revealed a surface roughness Ra of approximately 1.2 μm.

[0080] An ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) precursor film having a high surface roughness obtained by roller pressing was irradiated under electron beam radiation with a radiation dose of 150 kGy and stored in dry ice after the irradiation.

[0081] 10 ml of chloromethylvinylbenzene (VBC), 2 ml of 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (NOP), and 188 ml of ultrapure water were added to a Schlenk tube, and argon was introduced at room temperature for 30 minutes. The liquid turned into a milky white uniform emulsion.

[0082] The ETFE precursor film was cut into 10*10 cm, placed in a Schlenk tube, and argon was continued to flow for 2 hours to allow the VBC and NOP droplets in the reaction solution to adhere to the film surface.

[0083] The vent tube was removed, the Schlenk tube was sealed, and the tube was heated in a water bath at 70°C under an inert gas atmosphere for 20 hours.

[0084] After the reaction, the liquid in the Schlenk tube was removed, isopropanol was added for washing, and the film was heated in a water bath at 70°C with stirring for 1 hour. The washed film was dried in an oven at 70°C for 4 hours to obtain a grafted intermediate film. The weight of the film was measured to increase by approximately 56.8%.

[0085] The grafted intermediate film was immersed in a trimethylamine solution (35wt%) and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The film gradually changed from colorless and transparent to light yellow. It was then washed with ultrapure water at 50°C and stirred for 1 hour to obtain an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting.

[0086] The prepared anion exchange membrane was immersed in 1M NaCl solution for more than 24 hours to convert the anion into Cl - form.

[0087] The anion exchange membrane structure obtained in this example is: Wherein, x and y are values ​​ranging from 0 to 5000, and m is valued from 1 to 500. The surface roughness Ra measured by laser microscopy is 1.2 μm.

[0088] The dry anion exchange membrane, dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 12 hours, and the wet anion exchange membrane, soaked in ultrapure water at room temperature for 12 hours, were tested, and their water absorption was measured to be 64.31 wt%. Universal material testing revealed a mechanical strength of 33.71 MPa and an elongation of approximately 66.35%. Furthermore, in 1 M KOH at 80°C, the IEC loss in 30 days did not exceed 5%, demonstrating excellent chemical stability.

[0089] Figure 2 The ionic conductivity test results at different temperatures of this embodiment are shown in Figure 1. The test was conducted using an ivum electrochemical workstation. The sample was immersed in ultrapure water during the test. The ion form was OH - The results show that the anion exchange membrane obtained in this embodiment has an extremely high ion conductivity, which can reach 229.1 mS / cm at 80°C, far exceeding the commercial anion exchange membrane on the market.

[0090] Example 2:

[0091] A high surface roughness anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting is prepared by the following steps:

[0092] The same roller pressing method as in Example 1 was used to obtain a high surface roughness of the precursor film, with a roughness Ra≈1.2 μm.

[0093] An ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) precursor film having a high surface roughness obtained by roller pressing was irradiated under electron beam radiation with a radiation dose of 80 kGy, and was stored in dry ice after the irradiation.

[0094] 80 ml of chloromethyl vinylbenzene (VBC), 16 ml of 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (NOP), and 1.502 L of ultrapure water were added to a Schlenk tube, and argon was introduced at room temperature for 30 min. The liquid turned into a milky white uniform emulsion.

[0095] The ETFE precursor film was cut into 25*170 cm, placed in a Schlenk tube, and argon was continued to flow for 2 hours to allow the VBC and NOP droplets in the reaction solution to adhere to the film surface.

[0096] The vent tube was removed, the Schlenk tube was sealed, and the tube was heated in a water bath at 70°C under an inert gas atmosphere for 20 hours.

[0097] After the reaction, the liquid in the Schlenk tube was removed, isopropanol was added for washing, and the film was heated in a water bath at 70°C with stirring for 1 hour. The washed film was dried in an oven at 70°C for 4 hours to obtain a grafted intermediate film. The weight of the film was measured to increase by approximately 56.8%.

[0098] The grafted intermediate film was immersed in a trimethylamine solution (35wt%) and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The film gradually changed from colorless and transparent to light yellow. It was then washed with ultrapure water at 50°C and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a high-surface-roughness anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting with a size of approximately 40*200cm.

[0099] The prepared anion exchange membrane was immersed in 1M NaCl solution for more than 24 hours to convert the anion into Cl - form.

[0100] The dry anion exchange membrane after being dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 12 hours and the wet anion exchange membrane after being immersed in ultrapure water at room temperature for 12 hours were tested, and the water absorption rate was measured to be 59.02wt%. The universal material test showed that the mechanical strength was 36.12MPa and the elongation was about 72.15%. The ivum electrochemical workstation measured the OH in ultrapure water at 80°C. - In its pure form, the ionic conductivity is approximately 191.2 mS / cm.

[0101] Comparative Example:

[0102] An anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting is realized by the following steps:

[0103] 1) An ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) precursor film with a surface roughness Ra of 300 nm was irradiated under electron beam radiation with a radiation dose of 150 kGy, and was stored in dry ice after the irradiation.

[0104] 2) Add 10 ml of chloromethylvinylbenzene (VBC), 2 ml of 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (NOP), and 188 ml of ultrapure water to a Schlenk tube and introduce argon gas at room temperature for 30 min. The liquid will turn into a milky white uniform emulsion.

[0105] 3) Cut the ETFE precursor film into 10*10 cm, place it in a Schlenk tube, and continue to flow argon for 2 hours to allow the VBC and NOP droplets in the reaction solution to adhere to the film surface.

[0106] 4) Remove the vent tube, seal the Schlenk tube, and heat in a 70°C water bath under an inert gas atmosphere for 20 hours.

[0107] 5) After the reaction, the liquid in the Schlenk tube was removed, and the film was washed with isopropyl alcohol and heated in a water bath at 70°C with stirring for 1 hour. The washed film was dried in an oven at 70°C for 4 hours to obtain a grafted intermediate film. The weight of the film was measured to have increased by approximately 56.8%.

[0108] 6) The grafted intermediate film was immersed in a trimethylamine solution (35 wt %) and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The film gradually changed from colorless and transparent to light yellow; it was then washed with ultrapure water at 50°C and stirred for 1 hour to obtain an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting.

[0109] 7) Soak the prepared anion exchange membrane in 1M NaCl solution for more than 24 hours to convert the anion into Cl - form.

[0110] The surface roughness Ra of the anion exchange membrane obtained in this comparative example was about 300 nm.

[0111] Performance testing:

[0112] Common electrochemical and water electrolysis performance tests were performed on the anion exchange membranes based on radiation grafting prepared in the above examples and comparative examples. The electrochemical performance test data are shown in Table 1:

[0113] Table 1 Performance test results of anion exchange membranes based on radiation grafting prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples

[0114]

[0115] The above examples and comparative examples synthesized radiation-grafted anion exchange membranes with different radiation doses and surface roughness. As can be seen from Table 1, Example 1 and Example 2 have differences in radiation intensity, which affects the conductivity and IEC of the anion exchange membrane. By regulating the irradiation intensity, the number of quaternary ammonium cationic side chains can be changed, thereby changing the electrochemical properties of the radiation-grafted anion exchange membrane. It can be seen from the results that the electron beam radiation dose is in the range of 50-150KGy, and a higher radiation dose has better electrochemical performance; Example 1 and the comparative example have differences in membrane surface roughness. As can be seen from Table 1, Figure 3It can be seen that the surface roughness of the membrane has little effect on the electrochemical performance, but will have a greater impact on the water electrolysis performance. Membranes with higher surface roughness have better water electrolysis performance and are more suitable for application in water electrolysis to produce hydrogen.

[0116] The only difference between the comparative example and Example 1 is the surface roughness of the precursor film. Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image with a magnification of 650x. Figure 1 It can be seen that the comparative example and Example 1 have significant differences in microscopic morphology. Due to the use of a roller pressing method, Example 1 has protruding indentations on its surface. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Example 1, the comparative example and Example 1 have comparable film thickness, ionic conductivity, and mechanical properties, but have lower water absorption. Figure 3 This is the test result of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. In the electrolysis test, the anode adopts 1mg / cm 2 IrO2 catalyst, cathode 1 mg / cm 2 Platinum-carbon catalyst (20% Pt) was tested at 60°C with 1 M KOH as the electrolyte. The test results show that Example 1 has better water electrolysis performance, thus proving that the radiation-grafted anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness is more suitable for hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Figure 4 For the hydrophilicity test, the test results show that the anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting with high surface roughness has better hydrophilicity.

[0117] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. The above-mentioned specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms of specific changes without departing from the scope of protection of the invention and the claims. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high surface roughness anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting, characterized in that: The chemical structure of the anion exchange membrane is as follows: ； The main chain of the anion exchange membrane is one of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene; wherein QA + represents a quaternary ammonium cationic group; wherein the value of x is 100-35000, and the value of m is 1-500; The surface roughness Ra of the anion exchange membrane is 500 nm to 5 μm; And, it is prepared according to the following method: (1) Preparation of high-roughness precursor films: Using one of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene, a precursor film with high surface roughness is prepared by roller pressing or solvent casting. (2) Electron beam irradiation: irradiating the precursor film with high surface roughness obtained in step (1) under electron beam radiation, and storing it at low temperature after irradiation; (3) Grafted side chain: First, chloromethyl vinylbenzene, a surfactant, and ultrapure water are added to a reactor, and an inert gas is introduced at room temperature to create an inert atmosphere in the reactor, while the chloromethyl vinylbenzene and the surfactant are uniformly mixed in the ultrapure water to form an emulsion; Afterwards, the irradiated film obtained in step (2) is added into the reactor, and an inert gas is introduced; After introducing inert gas for 0.5-2 h, the reaction system was transferred to a water bath and reacted under heating; After the reaction is completed, the film is washed with solvent A and then dried in a vacuum oven to obtain a grafted intermediate film; (4) Quaternization: The grafted intermediate film obtained in step (3) is added to a quaternary ammonium cation solution for reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is washed with solvent B to obtain an anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting; (5) Ion replacement: The anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting synthesized in step (4) is immersed in a sodium chloride solution and washed with water to obtain a Cl - Radiation-grafted anion exchange membranes for long-term storage in a wet state.

2. The anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quaternary ammonium cationic group is a trimethylamine cationic group.

3. A method for preparing an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Preparation of high-roughness precursor films: Using one of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene, a precursor film with high surface roughness is prepared by roller pressing or solvent casting. (2) Electron beam irradiation: irradiating the precursor film with high surface roughness obtained in step (1) under electron beam radiation, and storing it at low temperature after irradiation; (3) Grafted side chain: First, chloromethyl vinylbenzene, a surfactant, and ultrapure water are added to a reactor, and an inert gas is introduced at room temperature to create an inert atmosphere in the reactor, while the chloromethyl vinylbenzene and the surfactant are uniformly mixed in the ultrapure water to form an emulsion; Afterwards, the irradiated film obtained in step (2) is added into the reactor, and an inert gas is introduced; After introducing inert gas for 0.5-2 h, the reaction system was transferred to a water bath and reacted under heating; After the reaction is completed, the film is washed with solvent A and then dried in a vacuum oven to obtain a grafted intermediate film; (4) Quaternization: The grafted intermediate film obtained in step (3) is added to a quaternary ammonium cation solution for reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is washed with solvent B to obtain an anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting; (5) Ion replacement: The anion exchange membrane based on radiation grafting synthesized in step (4) is immersed in a sodium chloride solution and washed with water to obtain a Cl - Radiation-grafted anion exchange membranes for long-term storage in a wet state.

4. The method for preparing an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressing roller in step (1) refers to applying pressure to the film at room temperature or at a high temperature of 50-600°C, thereby changing its surface morphology and giving it a high surface roughness; the solvent casting re-filming in step (1) refers to converting the film into a liquid state by melting or dissolving it into a solvent at a high temperature of more than 80°C, and then solidifying it into a film on a surface with a certain roughness by casting, thereby forming a film with a high surface roughness.

5. The method for preparing an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dose of the electron beam radiation in step (2) is 50-150 kGy; the temperature of the cryopreservation in step (2) is less than or equal to -30°C.

6. The method for preparing an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surfactant described in step (3) is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone; the volume ratio of chloromethyl vinylbenzene to the surfactant described in step (3) is 1-10:

1.

7. The method for preparing an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reaction in step (3) is carried out under heating, the reaction temperature should be 50-80°C, and the reaction time should be 4-24 hours; the cleaning solvent A in step (3) is at least one of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and deionized water.

8. The method for preparing an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The grafted intermediate film in step (4) is an aromatic side chain film containing chloromethyl groups; the quaternary ammonium cation solution in step (4) is a trimethylammonium solution with a concentration of 30-35 wt%; and the reaction in step (4) is carried out at room temperature for 24-48 h.

9. The method for preparing an anion exchange membrane with high surface roughness based on radiation grafting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning solvent B in step (4) is at least one of ethanol and deionized water.

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