Multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application is about a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and method. The equipment includes: a forming chamber; an electron gun, which is arranged at the top of the forming chamber; a printing cylinder, which is arranged at the bottom of the forming chamber, and a forming base plate is arranged in the printing cylinder, and the forming base plate can reciprocate in the vertical direction along the side wall of the printing cylinder; a first powder cylinder and a second powder cylinder, which are respectively arranged at the bottom of the forming chamber, the first powder cylinder is located on the left side of the printing cylinder, and the second powder cylinder is located on the right side of the printing cylinder; wherein the first powder cylinder and the second powder cylinder are both used to accommodate base powder; a powder spreading platform, which is arranged at the top of the printing cylinder, the first powder cylinder and the second powder cylinder; a powder spreading and feeding system, including: a bracket, which is arranged on the rear side wall of the forming chamber and is located above the powder spreading platform. The embodiment of the present application can realize the addition of reinforcing phase powder to base powder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular, to a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and method. Background Art

[0002] Powder bed electron beam metal three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is one of the mainstream technologies for metal 3D printing. Powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing technology is similar to laser. First, a layer of metal powder is laid, and then it is scanned and printed by electron beam. The difference from laser is that powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing technology has an intermediate preheating process, that is, the powder bed electron beam can preheat the powder bed. Another major technical feature is that compared with laser, the energy utilization rate of powder bed electron beam is high, generally above 75%, so when printing high melting point and refractory metals, powder bed electron beam shows a relatively unique advantage.

[0003] In recent years, titanium and titanium alloy parts printed by powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment have been successfully used in key areas of aerospace defense and military industry, such as aircraft frames and engine blades. In addition, they have also been widely used in well-known companies such as Boeing, Airbus, Porsche, BMW, and Honda. Some defense and military industries and scientific research institutes are not only satisfied with the printing of a single material. For example, by adding reinforcing phase particles, such as ceramic particles (such as Al2O3, TiC, SiC, etc.) to the printing system, the processing performance of the parts can be effectively improved, defects can be eliminated, and the printing quality and material properties can be improved. These particles act as heterogeneous nucleation points, induce equiaxed crystal growth, and co-adjust more strains, thereby eliminating thermal crack defects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to add reinforcing phase particles to the printing matrix, and the potential is huge.

[0004] In the related technology, multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment can realize powder printing of two or more materials. Taking the composite printing of two materials as an example, during the printing process, the powder of one material is spread first, and then the powder of the other material (reinforcement phase) is spread, and then printing begins; or the powder of one material is spread first, and then the powder of the other material (reinforcement phase) is spread and printed. The above two strategies are only single-layer powder spreading, and it is impossible to arrange the reinforcement phase particles in a specific arrangement, which limits the application field.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to improve one or more problems existing in the above-mentioned related technical solutions.

[0006] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and method, thereby overcoming one or more problems caused by the limitations and defects of the relevant technology to a certain extent.

[0008] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device is provided, the device comprising:

[0009] Forming chamber;

[0010] An electron gun, arranged at the top of the forming chamber;

[0011] A printing cylinder body is arranged at the bottom of the forming chamber, and a forming bottom plate is arranged in the printing cylinder body, and the forming bottom plate can reciprocate in the vertical direction along the side wall of the printing cylinder body;

[0012] A first powder cylinder and a second powder cylinder are respectively arranged at the bottom of the forming chamber, the first powder cylinder is located on the left side of the printing cylinder, and the second powder cylinder is located on the right side of the printing cylinder; wherein the first powder cylinder and the second powder cylinder are both used to accommodate matrix powder;

[0013] A powder spreading platform is arranged on the top of the printing cylinder, the first powder cylinder and the second powder cylinder;

[0014] Powder feeding system, including:

[0015] A bracket is arranged on the rear side wall of the forming chamber and is located above the powder spreading platform; wherein the bracket can reciprocate in the horizontal direction along the rear side wall of the forming chamber, so that the bracket can reciprocate in the horizontal direction above the powder spreading platform;

[0016] A scraper, disposed at the bottom of the bracket, for scraping the base powder in the first powder cylinder or the base powder in the second powder cylinder to the forming bottom plate in the printing cylinder;

[0017] A first powder box and a second powder box, wherein the first powder box is arranged on the left side of the bracket, and the second powder box is arranged on the right side of the bracket, and the first powder box and the second powder box are both used for containing reinforcing phase powder;

[0018] A first rotating shaft is disposed in the first powder box, and one end of the first rotating shaft extends out of the first powder box;

[0019] A second rotating shaft is disposed in the second powder box, and one end of the second rotating shaft extends out of the second powder box; wherein the end of the second rotating shaft extending out of the second powder box is on the same side as the end of the first rotating shaft extending out of the first powder box;

[0020] a first ratchet pawl mechanism, disposed at an end of the first rotating shaft extending outside the first powder box;

[0021] a second ratchet and pawl mechanism, provided at an end of the second rotating shaft extending outside the second powder box;

[0022] Wherein, in an initial state, the powder spreading and feeding system is located above the powder spreading platform on the left side of the first powder cylinder; when the scraper moves on the powder spreading platform section on the first powder cylinder, the first ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the first rotating shaft in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the second rotating shaft in a non-rotating state; when the scraper moves on the powder spreading platform section on the second powder cylinder, the first ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the first rotating shaft in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the second rotating shaft in a non-rotating state;

[0023] When the scraper scrapes the base powder in the first powder cylinder to the forming bottom plate in the printing cylinder, the second ratchet pawl mechanism can keep the second rotating shaft in a non-rotating state; the first ratchet pawl mechanism can keep the first rotating shaft in a rotating state to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box into the base powder on the forming bottom plate;

[0024] When the scraper scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder body to the forming base plate in the printing cylinder body, the first ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the first rotating shaft in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the second rotating shaft in a rotating state, so as to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box into the base powder on the forming base plate.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present application, the first ratchet and pawl mechanism comprises:

[0026] A first ratchet wheel is sleeved on an end of the first rotating shaft extending outside the first powder box, and first accommodating grooves are evenly spaced on the first ratchet wheel;

[0027] A plurality of first ratchet pawls are evenly arranged on the first ratchet wheel;

[0028] A first gear ring is arranged on the first ratchet wheel, and first movement grooves are evenly spaced on the inner peripheral wall of the first gear ring; wherein, when the first gear ring rotates clockwise, the first pawl abuts against the first movement groove, so that the first ratchet wheel rotates clockwise together with the first gear ring; when the first gear ring rotates counterclockwise, the first pawl is pressed back into the corresponding first receiving groove;

[0029] The second ratchet and pawl mechanism comprises:

[0030] A second ratchet wheel is sleeved on an end of the second rotating shaft extending outside the second powder box, and second accommodating grooves are evenly spaced on the second ratchet wheel;

[0031] A plurality of second ratchet pawls, evenly arranged on the second ratchet wheel;

[0032] The second gear ring is arranged on the second ratchet wheel, and second movement grooves are evenly spaced on the inner circumferential wall of the second gear ring; wherein, when the second gear ring rotates clockwise, the second pawl is pressed back into the corresponding second accommodating groove; when the second gear ring rotates counterclockwise, the second pawl abuts against the second movement groove, so that the second ratchet wheel rotates counterclockwise together with the second gear ring.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present application, a rack is provided on the powder spreading platform section on the printing cylinder body; wherein the rack is meshed with the first gear ring, and the rack is meshed with the second gear ring.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present application, a plurality of first powder containing grooves are evenly arranged on the top of the first powder box, and a plurality of second powder containing grooves are evenly arranged on the top of the second powder box; wherein the first powder containing grooves and the second powder containing grooves are both used to contain the reinforcing phase powder;

[0035] A plurality of first grooves are arranged in a first preset arrangement in the axial direction of the first rotating shaft, and a plurality of second grooves are arranged in a second preset arrangement in the axial direction of the second rotating shaft;

[0036] A plurality of first powder outlet grooves are provided at the bottom of the first powder box, and a plurality of second powder outlet grooves are provided at the bottom of the second powder box; wherein the groove height of the first groove and the groove height of the second groove are respectively equal to the height of the reinforcing phase powder; when the first powder outlet groove is collinear with the groove center of the corresponding first groove, the reinforcing phase powder in the first groove is sprinkled into the matrix powder on the forming base plate through the first powder outlet groove; when the second powder outlet groove is collinear with the groove center of the corresponding second groove, the reinforcing phase powder in the second groove is sprinkled into the matrix powder on the forming base plate through the second powder outlet groove.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present application, the first preset arrangement is the same as the second preset arrangement.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present application, the equipment further includes:

[0039] a first front bearing, disposed in the first powder box;

[0040] a first rear bearing, disposed in the first powder box; wherein the position of the first rear bearing is opposite to the position of the first front bearing, and the first rotating shaft is installed in the first powder box through the first front bearing and the first rear bearing;

[0041] a second front bearing, disposed in the second powder box;

[0042] The second rear bearing is arranged in the second powder box; wherein the position of the second rear bearing is opposite to the position of the second front bearing, and the second rotating shaft is installed in the second powder box through the second front bearing and the second rear bearing.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present application, the equipment further includes:

[0044] A heat insulation cover is arranged at the inner top of the forming chamber and is located above the printing cylinder body; wherein the distance between the bottom of the heat insulation cover and the surface of the powder spreading platform is greater than the distance between the top of the bracket and the surface of the powder spreading platform.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present application, the equipment further includes:

[0046] A first bottom plate, disposed within the first powder cylinder;

[0047] The second bottom plate is arranged in the second powder cylinder.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present application, the equipment further includes:

[0049] A first lifting system is arranged in the forming chamber and connected to the first bottom plate to drive the first bottom plate to reciprocate in a vertical direction along the inner side wall of the first powder cylinder;

[0050] A second lifting system is arranged in the forming chamber and connected to the forming bottom plate to drive the forming bottom plate to reciprocate along the inner side wall of the printing cylinder in a vertical direction;

[0051] The third lifting system is disposed in the forming chamber and connected to the second bottom plate to drive the second bottom plate to reciprocate in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the second powder cylinder body.

[0052] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method is provided, which is manufactured using the multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment described in any one of the above embodiments, and the method includes:

[0053] In the initial state, the powder spreading system is located above the powder spreading platform on the left side of the first powder cylinder. The powder spreading system is started, and the scraper moves from the left side of the first powder cylinder to the printing cylinder along with the bracket. When the scraper scrapes the base powder of the first powder cylinder onto the forming bottom plate in the printing cylinder, the first rotating shaft is driven to rotate through the first ratchet pawl mechanism to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box into the base powder on the forming bottom plate.

[0054] Afterwards, the scraper moves along with the bracket toward the second powder cylinder until it moves to above the powder spreading platform on the right side of the second powder cylinder, completing a single powder spreading operation;

[0055] After a single powder spreading process is completed, the powder bed formed is preheated and melted;

[0056] Subsequently, the forming base plate descends, and the scraper moves along with the bracket from the right side of the second powder cylinder to the direction of the printing cylinder. When the scraper scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder to the forming base plate in the printing cylinder, the second rotating shaft is driven to rotate through the second ratchet pawl mechanism to lay the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box into the base powder on the forming base plate;

[0057] The scraper moves along with the bracket toward the first powder cylinder until it moves to above the powder spreading platform on the left side of the first powder cylinder, completing a single powder spreading again;

[0058] After completing a single powder spreading process again, the powder bed formed is preheated and melted;

[0059] Repeat the powder spreading and preheating steps until the printing is completed.

[0060] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application may have the following beneficial effects:

[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, through the above equipment, a powder spreading system is arranged above the powder spreading platform, and the first ratchet pawl mechanism is arranged at the end of the first rotating shaft extending outside the first powder box; the second ratchet pawl mechanism is arranged at the end of the second rotating shaft extending outside the second powder box. When the scraper scrapes the base powder in the first powder cylinder body to the forming base plate in the printing cylinder body, the first rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the first ratchet pawl mechanism to achieve the reinforcement phase powder in the first powder box to be spread on the base powder on the forming base plate; when the scraper scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder body to the forming base plate in the printing cylinder body, the second rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the second ratchet pawl mechanism to achieve the reinforcement phase powder in the second powder box to be spread on the base powder on the forming base plate. Through the present application, it is possible to add the reinforcement phase powder to the base powder to achieve the spreading of the two powders. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application, and together with the specification are used to explain the principles of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0063] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment in an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0064] Figure 2 In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, Figure 1 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0065] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the three-dimensional structure of a powder feeding system in an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0066] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a powder feeding system in an axial direction in an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0067] Figure 5 A front view of a powder feeding system in an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0068] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a first ratchet pawl mechanism in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing a second ratchet and pawl mechanism in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the conveying of the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box onto the forming base plate in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram showing the conveying of the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box onto the forming base plate in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Fig.10 A schematic diagram showing a distribution of the reinforcing phase powder on the forming base plate in an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0073] Fig.11 Another schematic diagram showing the distribution of the reinforcing phase powder on the forming base plate in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Fig.12 A flowchart showing the steps of a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method in an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0075] In the figure: 100, forming chamber; 200, electron gun; 300, printing cylinder; 310, forming base plate; 400, first powder cylinder; 500, second powder cylinder; 600, powder spreading platform; 610, rack; 700, powder spreading and feeding system; 710, bracket; 720, scraper; 730, first powder box; 731, first powder storage tank; 732, first powder outlet tank; 740, second powder box; 741, second powder storage tank; 742, second Powder outlet slot; 750, first rotating shaft; 751, first groove; 760, second rotating shaft; 770, first ratchet and pawl mechanism; 771, first ratchet; 772, first pawl; 773, first ring gear; 780, second ratchet and pawl mechanism; 781, second ratchet; 782, second pawl; 783, second ring gear; 800, heat shield; 900, first lifting system; 1000, second lifting system; 1100, third lifting system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be implemented in a variety of forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be more comprehensive and complete and fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0077] In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of the embodiments of the present application and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar parts, and their repeated descriptions will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities.

[0078] In this example embodiment, a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device is first provided. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in , the equipment includes: a forming chamber 100, an electron gun 200, a printing cylinder 300, a first powder cylinder 400, a second powder cylinder 500, a powder spreading platform 600 and a powder spreading and feeding system 700. Among them, the electron gun 200 is arranged at the top of the forming chamber 100; the printing cylinder body 300 is arranged at the bottom of the forming chamber 100, and a forming base plate 310 is arranged in the printing cylinder body 300, and the forming base plate 310 can reciprocate in the vertical direction along the side wall of the printing cylinder body 300; the first powder cylinder body 400 and the second powder cylinder body 500 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the forming chamber 100, the first powder cylinder body 400 is located on the left side of the printing cylinder body 300, and the second powder cylinder body 500 is located on the right side of the printing cylinder body 300; wherein the first powder cylinder body 400 and the second powder cylinder body 500 are both used to accommodate base powder; the powder spreading platform 600 is arranged at the top of the printing cylinder body 300, the first powder cylinder body 400 and the second powder cylinder body 500. The powder feeding system 700 includes: a bracket 710 , a scraper 720 , a first powder box 730 , a second powder box 740 , a first rotating shaft 750 , a second rotating shaft 760 , a first ratchet and pawl mechanism 770 , and a second ratchet and pawl mechanism 780 .Among them, the bracket 710 is arranged on the rear side wall of the forming chamber 100 and is located above the powder spreading platform 600; the bracket 710 can reciprocate in the horizontal direction along the rear side wall of the forming chamber 100, so that the bracket 710 can reciprocate in the horizontal direction above the powder spreading platform 600; the scraper 720 is arranged at the bottom of the bracket 710, and is used to scrape the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 or the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 to the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300; the first powder box 730 is arranged on the left side of the bracket 710, and the second powder box 740 is arranged on the right side of the bracket 710. The first powder box 730 and the second powder box 740 are both used to accommodate the increased Strong phase powder; a first rotating shaft 750 is arranged in the first powder box 730, and one end of the first rotating shaft 750 extends out of the first powder box 730; a second rotating shaft 760 is arranged in the second powder box 740, and one end of the second rotating shaft 760 extends out of the second powder box 740; wherein, the end of the second rotating shaft 760 extending out of the second powder box 740 is on the same side as the end of the first rotating shaft 750 extending out of the first powder box 730; a first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 is arranged at the end of the first rotating shaft 750 extending out of the first powder box 730; a second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 is arranged at the end of the second rotating shaft 760 extending out of the second powder box 740; wherein, in the initial state, the powder feeding system The system 700 is located above the powder spreading platform 600 on the left side of the first powder cylinder 400. When the scraper 720 moves on the powder spreading platform section on the first powder cylinder 400, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 can keep the first rotating shaft 750 in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 can keep the second rotating shaft 760 in a non-rotating state; when the scraper 720 moves on the powder spreading platform section on the second powder cylinder 500, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 can keep the first rotating shaft 750 in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 can keep the second rotating shaft 760 in a non-rotating state; when the scraper 720 scrapes the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 to the forming body in the printing cylinder 300, When the base plate 310 is on the printing cylinder body 300, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 can keep the first rotating shaft 750 in a non-rotating state, and the first ratchet pawl mechanism 780 can keep the second rotating shaft 760 in a rotating state, so as to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 into the base powder on the forming base plate 310; when the scraper 720 scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 onto the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder body 300, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 can keep the first rotating shaft 750 in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 can keep the second rotating shaft 760 in a rotating state, so as to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 into the base powder on the forming base plate 310.

[0079] It is understandable that the printing cylinder 300 is used to provide a forming environment for the workpiece to be printed, and the electron gun 200 is used to provide the energy required for printing. The electron gun 200 has an emission end, and the emission end of the electron gun 200 is located opposite to the position of the printing cylinder 300.

[0080] The first powder cylinder 400 and the second powder cylinder 500 are both used to load the base powder to be printed, so that the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 can be subsequently spread on the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, and the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 can be spread on the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300.

[0081] A powder spreading platform 600 is arranged on the top of the printing cylinder 300, the first powder cylinder 400 and the second powder cylinder 500. The first opening end, the second opening end and the third opening end are arranged on the powder spreading platform 600 respectively. The first opening end of the powder spreading platform 600 is arranged opposite to the top opening end of the first powder cylinder 400, the second opening end of the powder spreading platform 600 is arranged opposite to the top opening end of the printing cylinder 300, and the third opening end of the powder spreading platform 600 is arranged opposite to the top opening end of the second powder cylinder 500. Such arrangement can facilitate the spreading of the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 on the forming bottom plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, and facilitate the spreading of the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 on the forming bottom plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300.

[0082] The present application provides a powder spreading system 700 to spread the reinforcement phase powder into the matrix powder. The specific process is as follows:

[0083] In the present application, the bracket 710 of the powder spreading and feeding system 700 can reciprocate in the horizontal direction along the rear side wall of the forming chamber 100, that is, the bracket 710 can reciprocate in the horizontal direction above the powder spreading platform 600, thereby driving the scraper 720 at the bottom of the bracket 710 to reciprocate in the horizontal direction above the powder spreading platform 600. When the scraper 720 reciprocates in the horizontal direction above the powder spreading platform 600 together with the bracket 710, the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 or the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 can be scraped and sent to the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300.

[0084] Since the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 is arranged at the end of the first rotating shaft 750 extending outside the first powder box 730, and the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 is arranged at the end of the second rotating shaft 760 extending outside the second powder box 740, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 can control the first rotating shaft 750 to be in a rotating state or a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 can control the second rotating shaft 760 to be in a rotating state or a non-rotating state. When the first rotating shaft 750 is in a rotating state, the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 can be laid on the forming base plate 310, and when the second rotating shaft 760 is in a rotating state, the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 can be laid on the forming base plate 310.

[0085] It should be noted that in the present application, the first rotating shaft 750 can be in a rotating state or a non-rotating state and the second rotating shaft 760 can be in a rotating state or a non-rotating state, and there are the following situations:

[0086] This application assumes that in an initial state, the powder spreading system is located above the powder spreading platform 600 on the left side of the first powder cylinder 400 .

[0087] Case 1: Both the first rotating shaft 750 and the second rotating shaft 760 are in a non-rotating state.

[0088] a. When the scraper 720 moves on the powder spreading platform section on the first powder cylinder 400, that is, the scraper 720 needs to spread the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 to the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 controls the first rotating shaft 750 not to rotate, and the first rotating shaft 750 is in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 controls the second rotating shaft 760 not to rotate, and the second rotating shaft 760 is in a non-rotating state.

[0089] b. When the scraper 720 moves on the powder spreading platform section on the second powder cylinder 500, that is, the scraper 720 needs to spread the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 to the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 controls the first rotating shaft 750 not to rotate, and the first rotating shaft 750 is in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 controls the second rotating shaft 760 not to rotate, and the second rotating shaft 760 is in a non-rotating state.

[0090] Case 2: The first rotating shaft 750 is in a rotating state, and the second rotating shaft 760 is in a non-rotating state.

[0091] When the scraper 720 scrapes the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 to the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 controls the second rotating shaft 760 not to rotate. At this time, the second rotating shaft 760 is in a non-rotating state. The first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 controls the first rotating shaft 750 to rotate. At this time, the first rotating shaft 750 is in a rotating state. When the first rotating shaft 750 rotates in the first powder box 730, the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 can be laid into the base powder on the forming base plate 310.

[0092] Case 3: the first rotating shaft 750 is in a non-rotating state, and the second rotating shaft 760 is in a rotating state.

[0093] When the scraper 720 scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 to the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 controls the first rotating shaft 750 not to rotate. At this time, the first rotating shaft 750 is in a non-rotating state. The second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 controls the second rotating shaft 760 to rotate. At this time, the second rotating shaft 760 is in a rotating state. When the second rotating shaft 760 rotates in the second powder box 740, the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 can be laid into the base powder on the forming base plate 310.

[0094] It should be noted that in the present application, the manner in which the first ratchet and pawl mechanism 770 is used to control the rotation or non-rotation of the first rotating shaft 750 , and the manner in which the second ratchet and pawl mechanism 780 is used to control the rotation or non-rotation of the second rotating shaft 760 , will be described in the following embodiments.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present application, through the above-mentioned equipment, a powder spreading and feeding system 700 is set above the powder spreading platform 600, and the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 is set at the end of the first rotating shaft 750 extending outside the first powder box 730; the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 is set at the end of the second rotating shaft 760 extending outside the second powder box 740. When the scraper 720 scrapes the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 onto the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, the first rotating shaft 750 is driven to rotate by the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 on the base powder on the forming base plate 310; when the scraper 720 scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 onto the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, the second rotating shaft 760 is driven to rotate by the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 on the base powder on the forming base plate 310. The present application enables reinforcing phase powder to be added to base powder to spread the two powders.

[0096] Next, we will refer to Figures 1 to 11 The various parts of the above-mentioned multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment in this example embodiment are described in more detail.

[0097] In one embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 includes: a first ratchet 771, a plurality of first pawls 772 and a first gear ring 773. The first ratchet 771 is sleeved on the end of the first rotating shaft 750 extending outside the first powder box 730, and the first ratchet 771 is provided with first receiving grooves at even intervals; a plurality of first pawls 772 are evenly arranged on the first ratchet 771; the first gear ring 773 is provided on the first ratchet 771, and the inner peripheral wall of the first gear ring 773 is provided with first movement grooves at even intervals; when the first gear ring 773 rotates clockwise, the first pawl 772 abuts against the first movement groove, so that the first ratchet 771 rotates clockwise together with the first gear ring 773; when the first gear ring 773 rotates counterclockwise, the first pawl 772 is pressed back into the corresponding first receiving groove;

[0098] like Figure 5 As shown, the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 includes: a second ratchet 781, a plurality of second pawls 782 and a second gear ring 783. The second ratchet 781 is sleeved on the end of the second rotating shaft 760 extending outside the second powder box 740, and the second ratchet 781 is evenly provided with second receiving grooves; the plurality of second pawls 782 are evenly arranged on the second ratchet 781; the second gear ring 783 is arranged on the second ratchet 781, and the inner peripheral wall of the second gear ring 783 is evenly provided with second movement grooves; when the second gear ring 783 rotates clockwise, the second pawl 782 is pressed back into the corresponding second receiving groove; when the second gear ring 783 rotates counterclockwise, the second pawl 782 abuts against the second movement groove, so that the second ratchet 781 rotates counterclockwise with the second gear ring 783.

[0099] It can be understood that the number of the first movement grooves on the inner peripheral wall of the first gear ring 773 is the same as the number of the first pawls 772. Figure 6As shown in the installation direction of the first pawl 772, when the first gear ring 773 rotates clockwise, the first pawl 772 abuts against the first movement groove, so that the first pawl 772 and the first gear ring 773 form a whole at this time, so that the first ratchet 771 rotates clockwise along with the first gear ring 773. Since the first ratchet 771 is sleeved on the end of the first rotating shaft 750 extending out of the outer wall of the first powder box 730, when the first ratchet 771 rotates clockwise, it will drive the first rotating shaft 750 to rotate clockwise, so that when the first rotating shaft 750 rotates in the first powder box 730, the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 can be laid on the base powder on the forming bottom plate 310.

[0100] Furthermore, when the first gear ring 773 rotates counterclockwise, the first pawl 772 is squeezed by the first gear ring 773 and is pressed back into the corresponding first receiving groove. At this time, the first pawl 772 is separated from the first gear ring 773, so that the first ratchet wheel 771 is separated from the first gear ring 773. Therefore, when the first gear ring 773 rotates counterclockwise, the first rotating shaft 750 does not rotate.

[0101] The number of the second movement grooves on the inner peripheral wall of the second gear ring 783 is the same as the number of the second pawls 782. Figure 7 As shown in the installation direction of the second pawl 782, when the second gear ring 783 rotates counterclockwise, the second pawl 782 abuts against the second movement groove, so that the second pawl 782 and the second gear ring 783 form a whole at this time, so that the second ratchet 781 rotates counterclockwise along with the second gear ring 783, because the second ratchet 781 is sleeved on the end of the second rotating shaft 760 extending out of the outer wall of the second powder box 740. Therefore, when the second ratchet 781 rotates counterclockwise, it will drive the second rotating shaft 760 to rotate counterclockwise, so that when the second rotating shaft 760 rotates in the second powder box 740, the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 can be laid into the base powder on the forming bottom plate 310.

[0102] Furthermore, when the second gear ring 783 rotates clockwise, the second pawl 782 is squeezed by the second gear ring 783, and the second pawl 782 is pressed back into the corresponding second receiving groove. At this time, the second pawl 782 is separated from the second gear ring 783, so that the second ratchet wheel 781 is separated from the second gear ring 783. Therefore, when the second gear ring 783 rotates clockwise, the second rotating shaft 760 does not rotate.

[0103] In one embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, a rack 610 is provided on the powder spreading platform section on the printing cylinder 300 ; wherein the rack 610 is meshed with the first gear ring 773 , and the rack 610 is meshed with the second gear ring 783 .

[0104] It can be understood that by setting the rack 610 on the powder spreading platform section on the printing cylinder body 300, and adopting the method of meshing the rack 610 with the first gear ring 773 and the second gear ring 783, the clockwise rotation of the first gear ring 773 and the second gear ring 783 and the counterclockwise rotation of the first gear ring 773 and the second gear ring 783 are achieved.

[0105] In one embodiment, Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, a plurality of first powder containing grooves 731 are evenly arranged on the top of the first powder box 730, and a plurality of second powder containing grooves 741 are evenly arranged on the top of the second powder box 740; wherein the first powder containing grooves 731 and the second powder containing grooves 741 are both used to contain the reinforcing phase powder;

[0106] A plurality of first grooves 751 are arranged in a first preset arrangement in the axial direction of the first rotating shaft 750, and a plurality of second grooves are arranged in a second preset arrangement in the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 760;

[0107] A first powder outlet groove 732 is provided at the bottom of the first powder box 730, and a second powder outlet groove 742 is provided at the bottom of the second powder box 740; wherein, the groove height of the first groove 751 and the groove height of the second groove are respectively equal to the height of the reinforcing phase powder; when the first powder outlet groove 732 is collinear with the groove center of the corresponding first groove 751, the reinforcing phase powder in the first groove 751 is sprinkled into the matrix powder on the forming base plate 310 through the first powder outlet groove 732; when the second powder outlet groove 742 is collinear with the groove center of the corresponding second groove, the reinforcing phase powder in the second groove is sprinkled into the matrix powder on the forming base plate 310 through the second powder outlet groove 742.

[0108] It can be understood that the first powder containing grooves 731 opened on the top of the first powder box 730 and the second powder containing grooves 741 opened on the top of the second powder box 740 are all used to contain the reinforcing phase powder.

[0109] The first preset arrangement mode is generally set by considering the axial arrangement spacing of the first grooves 751 in the axial direction of the first rotating shaft 750, and the radial arrangement spacing of the first grooves 751 in the radial direction of the first rotating shaft 750. Further, the axial arrangement spacing on the first rotating shaft 750 and the radial arrangement spacing of the first rotating shaft 750 can be set according to actual conditions, and the present application does not limit this.

[0110] The second preset arrangement generally also considers the axial arrangement spacing of the second grooves in the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 760, and the radial arrangement spacing of the second grooves in the radial direction of the second rotating shaft 760. Further, the axial arrangement spacing on the second rotating shaft 760 and the radial arrangement spacing of the second rotating shaft 760 can be set according to actual conditions, and the present application does not limit this.

[0111] Below, reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 8 The laying process of the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder containing tank 731 is described as follows:

[0112] When the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder containing groove 731 falls into the first groove 751 on the first rotating shaft 750, if the first rotating shaft 750 rotates until the groove center of the first groove 751 is in line with the groove center of the first powder outlet groove 732 at the bottom of the first powder box 730, the reinforcing phase powder in the first groove 751 falls into the base powder on the forming bottom plate 310 through the first powder outlet groove 732. Since the arrangement of the first groove 751 on the first rotating shaft 750 depends on the axial arrangement spacing of the first groove 751 on the first rotating shaft 750 and the radial arrangement spacing of the first groove 751 on the first rotating shaft 750, the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder containing groove 731 falls into the first groove 751 with a specific arrangement, and then the reinforcing phase powder in the first groove 751 falls into the base powder on the forming bottom plate 310 through the first powder outlet groove 732, so that the reinforcing phase powder can be laid in the base powder on the forming bottom plate 310 in a specific arrangement.

[0113] It should be noted that when the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder containing groove 731 falls into the first groove 751 on the first rotating shaft 750, if the first rotating shaft 750 is rotated so that the groove center of the first groove 751 is not colinear with the groove center of the first powder outlet groove 732 at the bottom of the first powder box 730, at this time, it is impossible to lay the reinforcing phase powder in the first groove 751 into the base powder on the forming base plate 310.

[0114] Below, reference Figure 3 and Fig. 9 The laying process of the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder containing tank 741 is described as follows:

[0115] When the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder containing groove 741 falls into the second groove on the second rotating shaft 760, if the second rotating shaft 760 rotates until the groove center of the second groove is in line with the groove center of the second powder outlet groove 742 at the bottom of the second powder box 740, the reinforcing phase powder in the second groove falls into the base powder on the forming bottom plate 310 through the second powder outlet groove 742. Since the arrangement of the second groove on the second rotating shaft 760 depends on the axial arrangement spacing of the second groove on the second rotating shaft 760 and the radial arrangement spacing of the second groove on the second rotating shaft 760, the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder containing groove 741 falls into the second groove with a specific arrangement, and then the reinforcing phase powder in the second groove falls into the base powder on the forming bottom plate 310 through the second powder outlet groove 742, so that the reinforcing phase powder can be laid in the base powder on the forming bottom plate 310 in a specific arrangement.

[0116] It should be noted that when the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder containing groove 741 falls into the second groove on the second rotating shaft 760, if the groove center of the second groove is rotated by the second rotating shaft 760 so that it is not colinear with the groove center of the second powder outlet groove 742 at the bottom of the second powder box 740, then at this time, it is impossible to lay the reinforcing phase powder in the second groove into the base powder on the forming base plate 310.

[0117] It should be noted that the first preset arrangement mode and the second preset arrangement mode in the present application are the same, that is, the axial arrangement spacing of the first grooves 751 on the first rotating shaft 750 is the same as the axial arrangement spacing of the second grooves on the second rotating shaft 760, and the radial arrangement spacing of the first grooves 751 on the first rotating shaft 750 is the same as the radial arrangement spacing of the second grooves on the second rotating shaft 760.

[0118] It should be noted that the arrangement of the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 and the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 in the matrix powder on the forming base plate 310 includes the following two situations:

[0119] Before discussing the arrangement of the two cases, the position of the initial powder drop point formed when the reinforcement phase powder is sprinkled onto the forming base plate 310 is described:

[0120] When the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 is sprinkled onto the forming base plate 310, the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 will form an initial powder falling point on the forming base plate 310. When the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 is sprinkled onto the forming base plate 310, the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 will form an initial powder falling point on the forming base plate 310.

[0121] 1) When the initial powder drop point position of the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 on the forming base plate 310 and the initial powder drop point position of the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 on the forming base plate 310 are aligned with the vertical center line of the forming base plate 310 (e.g. Fig.10 In this case, the arrangement of the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 and the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 in the matrix powder on the forming base plate 310 is as follows: Fig.10 As shown; among them, Fig.10 The circle with filled lines inside represents the powder when the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 laid through the first rotating shaft 750 and the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 laid through the second rotating shaft 760 are superimposed together.

[0122] 2) When the initial powder drop point position of the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 on the forming base plate 310 and the initial powder drop point position of the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 on the forming base plate 310 are about the vertical center line of the forming base plate 310 (such as Fig.11 In this case, the arrangement of the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 and the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 in the matrix powder on the forming base plate 310 is as follows: Fig.11 As shown; among them, Fig.11 The circle with filled lines inside represents the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 laid through the first rotating shaft 750 , and the hollow circle with no filling inside represents the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 laid through the second rotating shaft 760 .

[0123] In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises:

[0124] A first front bearing, disposed in the first powder box 730;

[0125] The first rear bearing is disposed in the first powder box 730; wherein the position of the first rear bearing is opposite to the position of the first front bearing, and the first rotating shaft 750 is installed in the first powder box 730 through the first front bearing and the first rear bearing;

[0126] A second front bearing, disposed in the second powder box 740;

[0127] The second rear bearing is arranged in the second powder box 740; wherein, the position of the second rear bearing is opposite to the position of the second front bearing, and the second rotating shaft 760 is installed in the second powder box 740 through the second front bearing and the second rear bearing.

[0128] It can be understood that the first rotating shaft 750 is installed in the first powder box 730 through the first front bearing and the first rear bearing, so that the first rotating shaft 750 can be better installed in the first powder box 730, so that the first rotating shaft 750 can rotate stably. The second rotating shaft 760 is installed in the second powder box 740 through the second front bearing and the second rear bearing, so that the second rotating shaft 760 can be better installed in the second powder box 740, so that the second rotating shaft 760 can rotate stably.

[0129] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the equipment also includes:

[0130] The heat shield 800 is arranged at the inner top of the forming chamber 100 and is located above the printing cylinder 300; wherein the distance between the bottom of the heat shield 800 and the surface of the powder spreading platform 600 is greater than the distance between the top of the bracket 710 and the surface of the powder spreading platform 600.

[0131] It is understandable that the heat shield 800 is used to maintain the temperature field near the top of the printing cylinder 300 to reduce heat loss during the printing process.

[0132] In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises:

[0133] A first bottom plate is disposed in the first powder cylinder 400;

[0134] The second bottom plate is disposed in the second powder cylinder 500 .

[0135] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the equipment also includes:

[0136] The first lifting system 900 is disposed in the forming chamber 100 and connected to the first bottom plate to drive the first bottom plate to reciprocate in the vertical direction along the inner wall of the first powder cylinder 400;

[0137] The second lifting system 1000 is disposed in the forming chamber 100 and connected to the forming base plate 310 to drive the forming base plate 310 to reciprocate along the inner side wall of the printing cylinder body 300 in the vertical direction;

[0138] The third lifting system 1100 is disposed in the forming chamber 100 and connected to the second bottom plate to drive the second bottom plate to reciprocate in the vertical direction along the inner wall of the second powder cylinder 500 .

[0139] It is understandable that the first lifting system 900 can drive the first bottom plate to reciprocate in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the first powder cylinder 400 to achieve the lifting movement of the first bottom plate. When the first bottom plate moves upward in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the first powder cylinder 400, it is convenient for the scraper 720 to take the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400; when the first bottom plate moves downward in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the first powder cylinder 400, it is convenient to load the base powder into the first powder cylinder 400. The third lifting system 1100 can drive the second bottom plate to reciprocate in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the second powder cylinder 500 to achieve the lifting movement of the second bottom plate. When the second bottom plate moves upward in the vertical direction along the inner wall of the second powder cylinder 500, it is convenient for the scraper 720 to take out the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500; when the second bottom plate moves downward in the vertical direction along the inner wall of the second powder cylinder 500, it is convenient to load the base powder into the second powder cylinder 500.

[0140] The second lifting system 1000 can drive the forming base plate 310 to reciprocate in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the printing cylinder body 300 to realize the lifting movement of the forming base plate 310. When the forming base plate 310 moves upward in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the printing cylinder body 300, it is convenient to lay the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder containing groove 731 into the base powder on the forming base plate 310; when the forming base plate 310 moves downward in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the printing cylinder body 300, it is convenient to subsequently lay the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder containing groove 741 into the base powder on the forming base plate 310.

[0141] This example embodiment also provides a multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method, which is manufactured using the multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment in any of the above embodiments, referring to Figures 1 to 12 The method includes: step S101 to step S107.

[0142] Among them, step S101: in the initial state, the powder spreading system 700 is located above the powder spreading platform 600 on the left side of the first powder cylinder 400, the powder spreading system 700 is started, and the scraper 720 moves from the left side of the first powder cylinder 400 to the direction of the printing cylinder 300 along with the bracket 710. When the scraper 720 scrapes the base powder of the first powder cylinder 400 to the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, the first rotating shaft 750 is driven to rotate through the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 into the base powder on the forming base plate 310.

[0143] Step S102: Afterwards, the scraper 720 moves along with the bracket 710 toward the second powder cylinder 500 until it moves to above the powder spreading platform 600 on the right side of the second powder cylinder 500, completing a single powder spreading.

[0144] Step S103: After a single powder spreading process is completed, the powder bed formed is preheated and melted.

[0145] Step S104: Subsequently, the forming base plate 310 descends, and the scraper 720 moves along with the bracket 710 from the right side of the second powder cylinder 500 toward the printing cylinder 300. When the scraper 720 scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 to the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300, the second rotating shaft 760 is driven to rotate through the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 into the base powder on the forming base plate 310.

[0146] Step S105: The scraper 720 moves along with the bracket 710 toward the first powder cylinder 400 until it moves to above the powder spreading platform 600 on the left side of the first powder cylinder 400, completing a single powder spreading again.

[0147] Step S106: After completing a single powder spreading again, the formed powder bed is preheated and melted.

[0148] Step S107: Repeat the powder spreading and preheating and melting steps until the printing is completed.

[0149] It is understandable that the present application still needs to do some preliminary preparation work before spreading the powder, for example: it is necessary to start the vacuum system components to evacuate the interior of the forming chamber 100 and the electron gun 200, and when the vacuum degree of the forming chamber 100 and the electron gun 200 reaches the set value, fill in inert protective gas.

[0150] After the preliminary preparation work is completed, before spreading the powder, the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300 needs to be preheated. At this time, the control program is started, and the electron gun 200 preheats the forming base plate 310 in the printing cylinder 300. After preheating to the set temperature, the first lifting system 900 pushes a layer of base powder required for melting thickness from the first powder cylinder 400, and the scraper 720 in the powder spreading system 700 scrapes the base powder onto the forming base plate 310. When the base powder in the first powder cylinder 400 is scraped from left to right by the scraper 720 to the surface of the forming base plate 310, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 controls the rotation of the first rotating shaft 750. The surface of the first rotating shaft 750 is processed with a first groove 751 in the axial and radial directions. During the rotation of the first rotating shaft 750, the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 is embedded in the first groove 751 on the surface of the first rotating shaft 750, and rotates with the first rotating shaft 750, and falls into the base powder on the forming base plate 310. The second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 rotates in the opposite direction to the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770. When the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 controls the first rotating shaft 750 to rotate, the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 controls the second rotating shaft 760 not to rotate.

[0151] As the powder spreading system 700 moves from left to right, the scraper 720 gradually spreads the matrix powder over the entire surface of the forming base plate 310. Figure 8 As shown, the first rotating shaft 750 sprinkles the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box 730 from left to right into the base powder on the forming base plate 310 in a specific arrangement until the entire forming base plate 310 is covered.

[0152] When the powder spreading system 700 moves to the top of the powder spreading platform 600 on the right side of the second powder cylinder 500, a single powder spreading is completed. The lower beam of the electron gun 200 preheats and melts the matrix powder particles and the reinforcing phase particles on the surface of the forming base plate 310. Then the second lifting system 1000 drives the forming base plate 310 to descend, and then the third lifting system 1100 pushes a layer of matrix powder required for the melting thickness out of the second powder cylinder 500, and the scraper 720 in the powder spreading system 700 scrapes the matrix powder in the second powder cylinder 500 onto the forming base plate 310. When the base powder in the second powder cylinder 500 is scraped from right to left by the scraper 720 onto the forming base plate 310, the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 controls the second rotating shaft 760 to rotate. The second rotating shaft 760 has second grooves processed in the axial and radial directions on its surface. During the rotation of the second rotating shaft 760, the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 is embedded in the second grooves on the surface of the second rotating shaft 760, rotates with the second rotating shaft 760, and falls into the base powder on the forming base plate 310. The second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 rotates in the opposite direction to the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770. When the second ratchet pawl mechanism 780 controls the second rotating shaft 760 to rotate, the first ratchet pawl mechanism 770 controls the first rotating shaft 750 not to rotate.

[0153] As the powder spreading system 700 moves from right to left, the scraper 720 gradually spreads the matrix powder over the entire surface of the forming base plate 310. Fig. 9 As shown, the second rotating shaft 760 sprinkles the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box 740 from right to left into the base powder on the forming base plate 310 in a specific arrangement until the entire forming base plate 310 is covered.

[0154] When the powder spreading and feeding system 700 moves to above the powder spreading platform 600 on the left side of the first powder cylinder 400, a single powder spreading is completed again.

[0155] After completing a single powder spreading again, the powder bed formed is preheated and melted.

[0156] After that, the powder laying and preheating and melting steps are repeated until the printing is completed.

[0157] It should be noted that, through the above method of the present application, it is possible to add the reinforcing phase powder to the matrix powder to achieve powder spreading printing of the two powders.

[0158] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0159] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present application, which follows the general principles of the present application and includes common knowledge or customary technical means in the art that are not disclosed in the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, characterized in that: The equipment includes: Forming chamber; An electron gun, arranged at the top of the forming chamber; A printing cylinder body is arranged at the bottom of the forming chamber, and a forming bottom plate is arranged in the printing cylinder body, and the forming bottom plate can reciprocate in the vertical direction along the side wall of the printing cylinder body; A first powder cylinder and a second powder cylinder are respectively arranged at the bottom of the forming chamber, the first powder cylinder is located on the left side of the printing cylinder, and the second powder cylinder is located on the right side of the printing cylinder; wherein the first powder cylinder and the second powder cylinder are both used to accommodate matrix powder; A powder spreading platform is arranged on the top of the printing cylinder, the first powder cylinder and the second powder cylinder; Powder feeding system, including: A bracket is arranged on the rear side wall of the forming chamber and is located above the powder spreading platform; wherein the bracket can reciprocate in the horizontal direction along the rear side wall of the forming chamber, so that the bracket can reciprocate in the horizontal direction above the powder spreading platform; A scraper, disposed at the bottom of the bracket, for scraping the base powder in the first powder cylinder or the base powder in the second powder cylinder to the forming bottom plate in the printing cylinder; A first powder box and a second powder box, wherein the first powder box is arranged on the left side of the bracket, and the second powder box is arranged on the right side of the bracket, and the first powder box and the second powder box are both used to contain reinforcing phase powder; A first rotating shaft is disposed in the first powder box, and one end of the first rotating shaft extends out of the first powder box; A second rotating shaft is disposed in the second powder box, and one end of the second rotating shaft extends out of the second powder box; wherein the end of the second rotating shaft extending out of the second powder box is on the same side as the end of the first rotating shaft extending out of the first powder box; a first ratchet pawl mechanism, disposed at an end of the first rotating shaft extending outside the first powder box; a second ratchet and pawl mechanism, provided at an end of the second rotating shaft extending outside the second powder box; Wherein, in an initial state, the powder spreading and feeding system is located above the powder spreading platform on the left side of the first powder cylinder; when the scraper moves on the powder spreading platform section on the first powder cylinder, the first ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the first rotating shaft in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the second rotating shaft in a non-rotating state; when the scraper moves on the powder spreading platform section on the second powder cylinder, the first ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the first rotating shaft in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the second rotating shaft in a non-rotating state; When the scraper scrapes the base powder in the first powder cylinder to the forming bottom plate in the printing cylinder, the second ratchet pawl mechanism can keep the second rotating shaft in a non-rotating state; the first ratchet pawl mechanism can keep the first rotating shaft in a rotating state to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box into the base powder on the forming bottom plate; When the scraper scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder body to the forming base plate in the printing cylinder body, the first ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the first rotating shaft in a non-rotating state, and the second ratchet and pawl mechanism can keep the second rotating shaft in a rotating state, so as to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box into the base powder on the forming base plate.

2. The multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first ratchet and pawl mechanism comprises: A first ratchet wheel is sleeved on an end of the first rotating shaft extending outside the first powder box, and first accommodating grooves are evenly spaced on the first ratchet wheel; A plurality of first ratchet pawls are evenly arranged on the first ratchet wheel; A first gear ring is arranged on the first ratchet wheel, and first movement grooves are evenly spaced on the inner peripheral wall of the first gear ring; wherein, when the first gear ring rotates clockwise, the first pawl abuts against the first movement groove, so that the first ratchet wheel rotates clockwise together with the first gear ring; when the first gear ring rotates counterclockwise, the first pawl is pressed back into the corresponding first receiving groove; The second ratchet pawl mechanism comprises: A second ratchet wheel is sleeved on an end of the second rotating shaft extending outside the second powder box, and second accommodating grooves are evenly spaced on the second ratchet wheel; A plurality of second ratchet pawls, evenly arranged on the second ratchet wheel; The second gear ring is arranged on the second ratchet wheel, and second movement grooves are evenly spaced on the inner circumferential wall of the second gear ring; wherein, when the second gear ring rotates clockwise, the second pawl is pressed back into the corresponding second accommodating groove; when the second gear ring rotates counterclockwise, the second pawl abuts against the second movement groove, so that the second ratchet wheel rotates counterclockwise together with the second gear ring.

3. The multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rack is provided on the powder spreading platform section on the printing cylinder body; wherein the rack is meshed with the first gear ring, and the rack is meshed with the second gear ring.

4. The multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first powder containing grooves are evenly arranged on the top of the first powder box, and a plurality of second powder containing grooves are evenly arranged on the top of the second powder box; wherein the first powder containing grooves and the second powder containing grooves are both used to contain the reinforcing phase powder; A plurality of first grooves are arranged in a first preset arrangement in the axial direction of the first rotating shaft, and a plurality of second grooves are arranged in a second preset arrangement in the axial direction of the second rotating shaft; A plurality of first powder outlet grooves are provided at the bottom of the first powder box, and a plurality of second powder outlet grooves are provided at the bottom of the second powder box; wherein the groove height of the first groove and the groove height of the second groove are respectively equal to the height of the reinforcing phase powder; when the first powder outlet groove is collinear with the groove center of the corresponding first groove, the reinforcing phase powder in the first groove is sprinkled into the matrix powder on the forming base plate through the first powder outlet groove; when the second powder outlet groove is collinear with the groove center of the corresponding second groove, the reinforcing phase powder in the second groove is sprinkled into the matrix powder on the forming base plate through the second powder outlet groove.

5. The multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first preset arrangement is the same as the second preset arrangement.

6. The multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment also includes: a first front bearing, disposed in the first powder box; a first rear bearing, disposed in the first powder box; wherein the position of the first rear bearing is opposite to the position of the first front bearing, and the first rotating shaft is installed in the first powder box through the first front bearing and the first rear bearing; a second front bearing, disposed in the second powder box; The second rear bearing is arranged in the second powder box; wherein the position of the second rear bearing is opposite to the position of the second front bearing, and the second rotating shaft is installed in the second powder box through the second front bearing and the second rear bearing.

7. The multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment also includes: A heat insulation cover is arranged at the inner top of the forming chamber and is located above the printing cylinder body; wherein the distance between the bottom of the heat insulation cover and the surface of the powder spreading platform is greater than the distance between the top of the bracket and the surface of the powder spreading platform.

8. The multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment also includes: A first bottom plate, disposed within the first powder cylinder; The second bottom plate is arranged in the second powder cylinder.

9. The multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The equipment also includes: A first lifting system is arranged in the forming chamber and connected to the first bottom plate to drive the first bottom plate to reciprocate in a vertical direction along the inner side wall of the first powder cylinder; A second lifting system is arranged in the forming chamber and connected to the forming bottom plate to drive the forming bottom plate to reciprocate along the inner side wall of the printing cylinder in a vertical direction; The third lifting system is disposed in the forming chamber and connected to the second bottom plate to drive the second bottom plate to reciprocate in the vertical direction along the inner side wall of the second powder cylinder body.

10. A multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: The method is performed by using the multi-material powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: In the initial state, the powder spreading system is located above the powder spreading platform on the left side of the first powder cylinder. The powder spreading system is started, and the scraper moves from the left side of the first powder cylinder to the printing cylinder along with the bracket. When the scraper scrapes the base powder of the first powder cylinder onto the forming bottom plate in the printing cylinder, the first rotating shaft is driven to rotate through the first ratchet pawl mechanism to spread the reinforcing phase powder in the first powder box into the base powder on the forming bottom plate. Afterwards, the scraper moves along with the bracket toward the second powder cylinder until it moves to above the powder spreading platform on the right side of the second powder cylinder, completing a single powder spreading operation; After a single powder spreading process is completed, the powder bed formed is preheated and melted; Subsequently, the forming base plate descends, and the scraper moves along with the bracket from the right side of the second powder cylinder to the direction of the printing cylinder. When the scraper scrapes the base powder in the second powder cylinder to the forming base plate in the printing cylinder, the second rotating shaft is driven to rotate through the second ratchet pawl mechanism to lay the reinforcing phase powder in the second powder box into the base powder on the forming base plate; The scraper moves along with the bracket toward the first powder cylinder until it moves to above the powder spreading platform on the left side of the first powder cylinder, completing a single powder spreading again; After completing a single powder spreading process again, the powder bed formed is preheated and melted; Repeat the powder spreading and preheating steps until the printing is completed.

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