A high-efficiency precise electrolysis-turning composite machining device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device and method, including machine tool body, main shaft rotating device, composite turning tool electrode, main shaft rotating device is used to clamp workpiece, composite turning tool electrode includes tool body, blade and electrolyte jet channel, the axis of electrolyte jet channel is located just above the blade tip for emitting electrolyte, electrolyte transport channel is set in tool body and communicated with electrolyte jet channel, composite turning tool electrode is connected with machine tool body by tool shaft, electrolyte transport channel is set in tool shaft, positive and negative voltage is respectively applied on main shaft rotating device and composite turning tool electrode, machine tool body is used to adjust the relative position between composite turning tool electrode and workpiece. Tool electrode with diamond blade and circular jet channel is adopted, mechanical turning and electrolytic machining can be carried out simultaneously when workpiece rotates at high speed, and electrolysis-turning composite machining process is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to electrolytic mechanical compound machining, in particular to a high-efficiency precise electrolytic-turning compound machining device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Titanium alloy has become an important material for manned cabin of deep-sea submersible due to its high strength, low density and good corrosion resistance. In recent years, with the increase of submersible diving depth requirement, in order to protect the safety of internal scientific researchers and electronic equipment, titanium alloy of 1000, 1200 MPa level has been developed, which further improves the operation range of submersible, but also puts forward higher requirements for processing technology. Titanium alloy is a typical difficult-to-cut material. When traditional turning machining with large material allowance is performed on the titanium alloy, large cutting force and high cutting heat are generated, which easily leads to serious tool wear, increases processing cost and prolongs processing cycle. For difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium alloy, electro-discharge machining and chemical milling machining are two effective special machining methods, but both methods have certain deficiencies. Electro-discharge machining forms recast layer on the workpiece surface, which affects the machining quality. The corrosive solution used in chemical milling machining can damage the environment.

[0003] Electrochemical machining is a special machining technology that removes material by anodic dissolution of the workpiece surface. Since the tool electrode does not contact the workpiece surface, there is no cutting force and tool wear, the machining efficiency is high, the machining surface is free of recast layer and micro-cracks, and the surface quality is good. In addition, the electrolyte is a neutral salt solution, which is friendly to the environment. Therefore, electrochemical machining technology is an important technology for efficient removal and forming of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloy. In the prior art, a numerical control electrochemical mechanical compound machining tool is proposed in Chinese patent application No. 200810023230.4. By controlling the relative movement of the compound cathode and the workpiece anode, complex cavities and surfaces of the workpiece can be machined, and drilling, milling, cutting, grinding and polishing processes can be realized. However, the electrochemical machining precision is insufficient. For example, Chinese patent application No. 201320233625.3 proposes an electrochemical machining tool for slender shafts. By controlling the tool cathode movement trajectory, electrochemical machining of slender shafts can be realized. However, the cathode and the working groove connection part have not been protected, which easily leads to the flow of electrolyte out of the machining area along the tool rod, causing corrosion of the machining equipment.

[0004] At present, the existing machine tool structures cannot realize electrochemical-turning compound machining function. There is no effective report on the tool electrode structure for electrochemical-turning compound machining, the working area sealing, the large current electricity leading mechanism and the electrochemical-turning compound machining method, which limits the application of electrochemical-turning compound machining technology to difficult-to-cut material rotary parts. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide an electrolysis-turning composite machining device for efficiently and precisely machining difficult-to-machine materials.

[0006] The application also provides a machining method of the electrolysis-turning composite machining device.

[0007] Technical scheme: To solve the above problems, the application adopts an efficient and precise electrolysis-turning composite machining device, which comprises a machine tool body, a main shaft rotating device and a composite turning tool electrode arranged on the machine tool body, the main shaft rotating device is used for clamping and rotating a workpiece, the composite turning tool electrode comprises a tool body, a blade arranged on the tool body and an electrolyte jet channel, the electrolyte jet channel is used for jetting electrolyte, the axis of the electrolyte jet channel is located directly above the blade tip, an electrolyte transportation channel in communication with the electrolyte jet channel is arranged in the tool body, the composite turning tool electrode is connected with the machine tool body through a tool shaft, the electrolyte transportation channel in the tool shaft is in communication with the electrolyte transportation channel in the tool body, and an electrolyte supply device supplies electrolyte to the electrolyte transportation channel in the tool shaft; positive and negative voltages are respectively applied to the main shaft rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode, the machine tool body drives the main shaft rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode to move relative to three axes, so as to adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode and the workpiece, and realize machining.

[0008] Further, the distance from the end face of the electrolyte jet channel to the blade tip is d, and the blade tip is closer to the workpiece than the end face of the electrolyte jet channel.

[0009] Further, it further comprises a working groove, the working groove comprises a groove body, a rectangular hole is arranged on the first side face of the groove body, a circular hole is arranged on the second side face of the groove body, and the first side face and the second side face are perpendicular to each other, a rectangular sliding block is arranged in the rectangular hole, the upper and lower sides of the rectangular sliding block are in contact with the rectangular hole, the rectangular sliding block moves left and right along the length direction of the rectangular hole, foldable louver cloth is arranged between the left and right ends of the rectangular sliding block and the left and right ends of the rectangular hole, a circular window is arranged on the rectangular sliding block, the tool shaft extends into the working groove through the circular window to place the composite turning tool electrode in the working groove, the main shaft rotating device extends the workpiece into the working groove through the circular hole, and the composite turning tool electrode processes the workpiece in the working groove.

[0010] Further, the inner end face of the rectangular sliding block is provided with an annular air nozzle along the edge of the circular window, the annular air nozzle is sleeved outside the tool shaft and sprays air to the tool shaft to form a gas barrier.

[0011] Further, the bottom of the groove body is provided with a liquid outlet hole for leading out electrolyte, and the working groove further comprises a groove cover arranged above the groove body.

[0012] Further, the electrolyte circulation system device is further included, and the electrolyte circulation system device comprises a turbid liquid tank connected with the liquid outlet hole at the bottom of the tank body through a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid return pump, a filter, a clear liquid tank and a liquid outlet pump, the turbid liquid tank, the liquid return pump, the filter, the clear liquid tank and the liquid outlet pump are sequentially connected through pipelines, the cutter shaft is provided with a liquid inlet port communicated with the internal electrolyte transportation channel, and the liquid outlet pump is connected with the liquid inlet port through a liquid outlet pipe.

[0013] Further, the main shaft rotating device comprises an external baffle, support frames arranged at both ends of the internal baffle, a rotating main shaft arranged in the support frame through a bearing, and a three-jaw chuck fixedly connected with the rotating main shaft at one end through a circular hole, the three-jaw chuck being used for clamping a workpiece; the other end of the rotating main shaft is fixedly provided with a main shaft synchronous pulley, the main shaft synchronous pulley is connected with a motor synchronous pulley through a synchronous belt, and the motor synchronous pulley is driven by a main shaft motor.

[0014] Further, the power supply device comprises a power supply and a positive electrode connecting device connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the positive electrode connecting device comprises arc-shaped electric copper blocks arranged on the outer side of the rotating main shaft and support copper blocks connected with the arc-shaped electric copper blocks through springs, two arc-shaped electric copper blocks are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the rotating main shaft, the support copper blocks connected with the two arc-shaped electric copper blocks are fixedly connected with each other, guide columns are fixedly arranged on the outer end faces of the arc-shaped electric copper blocks, guide holes for the guide columns to pass through are arranged on the support copper blocks, support holes for the guide columns to pass through are arranged on the external baffle, the guide columns are fixed through the external baffle and connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through the support holes, the guide columns slide in the guide holes, and the inner end faces of the arc-shaped electric copper blocks are in contact with the rotating main shaft; the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the composite turning tool electrode.

[0015] Further, the machine tool body comprises a machine bed, a Z-direction support column extending along a Z axis and a Y-direction guide rail extending along a Y axis are arranged on the machine bed, a Z-direction sliding block moving along the Z-direction support column is arranged on the Z-direction support column, the Z-direction sliding block is fixedly connected with the cutter shaft through a Z-direction support arm, and the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the Z-direction support arm; a Y-direction movement platform moving along the Y-direction guide rail is arranged on the Y-direction guide rail, an X-direction guide rail extending along an X axis is arranged on the Y-direction movement platform, an X-direction movement platform moving along the X-direction guide rail is arranged on the X-direction guide rail, and the main shaft rotating device is arranged on the X-direction movement platform; the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are three axes of a space rectangular coordinate system.

[0016] The application also adopts a high-efficiency and precise electrolysis-turning composite machining method, which comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: The relative position between the composite turning tool electrode and the workpiece is adjusted through the machine tool body, so that the cutting edge of the blade is flush with the axis of the workpiece, and the cutting edge of the blade is not in contact with the surface of the workpiece.

[0018] Step 2: rough machining: positive and negative voltages are applied to the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode respectively, the applied potential is greater than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the workpiece surface, the electrolyte jet channel of the composite turning tool electrode emits electrolyte to perform electrolytic machining on the workpiece under large current density to remove a large amount of material, and the machine tool body controls the axial feed of the workpiece for rough machining;

[0019] Step 3: finish machining: the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode and the workpiece is adjusted by the machine tool body to make the cutting edge of the blade contact the workpiece surface, positive and negative voltages are applied to the spindle rotating device and the composite turning tool electrode respectively, the applied potential is less than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the workpiece surface, the electrolyte jet channel of the composite turning tool electrode emits electrolyte to perform electrolytic machining on the workpiece under small current density to only soften the surface material of the workpiece, the blade performs mechanical turning, and the machine tool body controls the axial feed of the workpiece for finish machining;

[0020] Step 4: repeat steps 2 and 3 until the required machining allowance of the workpiece is completely removed.

[0021] Advantages: compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: the tool electrode provided with a diamond blade combined with a circular jet channel can simultaneously perform mechanical turning machining and electrolytic machining when the workpiece is rotating at high speed, realizing electrolytic-turning composite machining process. The annular jet seal structure can protect the tool movement shaft from electrolyte flowing out of the circular window during machining, inhibit the corrosion of the non-machining area of the X and Y movement platforms, and prolong the service life of the equipment. The double-arc-shaped electrically-conductive copper block spring compression type anode electrically-conductive structure can greatly increase the electrically-conductive area between the electrically-conductive block and the rotating spindle, ensure good electric conductivity of the equipment under large current machining, reduce the risk of local overheating, and improve the stability and reliability of the equipment. The proposed large current density rough machining + small current density finish machining combined recycling efficient precision machining method can remove the genetic error caused by electrolytic machining under large current density, ensure the stability of the selection of electrolytic machining parameters in the rough machining stage, and realize efficient and precise machining of the workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the electrolytic-turning composite machining device in the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a top view of the electrolytic-turning composite machining device in the present application.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion of the structure at point I.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the Y-axis motion platform in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the X-axis motion platform in this invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the working groove in this invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spindle rotation device in this invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the composite turning tool electrode in this invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a top view of the electrolyte jet channel of the composite turning tool electrode in this invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the initial tool setting for the electrolytic-turning composite machining method in this invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece after one rough machining operation in this invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the finishing process in the electrolysis-turning composite machining method of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the final forming of the workpiece in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Depend on Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of a high-efficiency precision electrolysis-turning composite machining device includes a machine tool body 100, on which a spindle rotation device 200, a composite turning tool electrode 300 and a working groove 600 are connected. The machine tool body 100 and the working groove 600 are connected to an electrolyte circulation system device 400, and the machine tool body 100 and the spindle rotation device 200 are connected to a power supply device 500.

[0036] The machine tool body 100 includes a bed 101, and the bed 101 is provided with one Z-direction support column 111 and two Y-direction guide rails 102. On the one hand, the Z-direction support column is provided with a Z-direction movement screw 113 and a Z-direction servo motor 112. The Z-direction movement screw 113 is connected with a Z-direction sliding block 114. The Z-direction servo motor 112 controls the rotation of the Z-direction movement screw 113, thereby driving the Z-direction sliding block 114 to move in the Z-direction. The Z-direction sliding block 114 is provided with a Z-direction support arm 115. As shown in Figure 3 , a composite turning tool electrode 300 is connected to a tool shaft 117 of the Z-direction support arm 115. An electrolyte conveying passage is arranged in the tool shaft 117 and communicates with an electrolyte conveying passage of a tool body 301. The tool shaft 117 is provided with a liquid inlet 116 which communicates with the electrolyte conveying passage in the tool shaft 117. The liquid inlet 116 of the Z-direction support arm 115 is connected with an electrolyte circulating system device 400. On the other hand, the Y-direction guide rail 102 is provided with a Y-direction movement platform 103. As shown in Figure 4 , the Y-direction movement platform 103 is provided at the bottom end with a Y-direction movement screw 104 and a Y-direction servo motor 105. The Y-direction servo motor 105 controls the rotation of the Y-direction movement screw 104, thereby driving the Y-direction movement platform 103 to move in the Y-direction. Meanwhile, the Y-direction movement platform 103 is provided with two X-direction guide rails 106. The X-direction guide rails 106 are provided with an X-direction movement platform 107. As shown in Figure 5 , the X-direction movement platform 107 is provided at the bottom end with an X-direction movement screw 109 and an X-direction servo motor 108. The X-direction servo motor 108 controls the rotation of the X-direction movement screw 109, thereby driving the X-direction movement platform 107 to move in the X-direction. The X-direction movement platform 107 is connected at the upper end with a marble platform 110. The marble platform 110 plays a role of corrosion and electricity resistance for the movement platform below. The marble platform 110 is connected at the upper end with a working groove 600 and a main shaft rotating device 200.

[0037] The electrolyte circulating system device 400 includes a turbid liquid tank 401. The turbid liquid tank 401 is connected with a liquid return pump 402 through a liquid inlet pipe. The liquid return pump 402 is connected with a filter 403 through a liquid inlet pipe. The filter 403 is connected at one end of a clear liquid tank 404 through a liquid inlet pipe. The clear liquid tank 404 is connected at the other end with a liquid outlet pump 405 through a liquid outlet pipe. The liquid outlet pump 405 is connected with the liquid inlet 116 through a liquid outlet pipe, thereby continuously supplying liquid to the composite turning tool electrode 300.

[0038] As shown in Figure 6As shown, the working tank 600 comprises a tank body 601, on one hand, the end face of the tank body 601 towards the Z-directional support column 111 is provided with a rectangular hole 603, and a rectangular sliding block 605 is arranged in the rectangular hole 603, a circular window 606 of the rectangular sliding block 605 is matched with the tool shaft 117 of the Z-directional support arm 115, and louver cloth 604 is connected to the left and right ends of the rectangular sliding block 605, and an annular air nozzle 607 is arranged on the inner end face of the rectangular sliding block 605 along the edge of the circular window 606, the annular air nozzle 607 can realize jet protection for the tool shaft 117 by connecting an external air source, form a gas barrier, inhibit the electrolyte from flowing out of the circular window 606 along the tool shaft 117, protect the non-machining area such as the X, Y movement platform from corrosion, and prolong the service life of the equipment. On the other hand, the end face of the tank body 601 towards the spindle rotating device 200 is provided with a circular hole 608, and the rotating spindle 203 of the spindle rotating device 200 is matched in the circular hole 608. On the other hand, the bottom end of the tank body 601 is provided with a liquid outlet hole 609, the liquid outlet hole 609 is connected with the turbid liquid tank 401 of the electrolyte circulating system device 400 through a liquid return pipe, and in addition, a tank cover 602 is arranged above the tank body 601 to avoid the electrolyte from splashing outward during the machining process.

[0039] As shown in the figure, Figure 7 The spindle rotating device 200 comprises a pair of support frames 201, each of which is provided with a bearing 202, the bearing 202 is fixed by a cap 209 and a baffle 210, and a rotating spindle 203 is matched in the pair of bearings 202, one end of the rotating spindle 203 is inserted into the circular hole 608 of the working tank 600, and is connected with a three-jaw chuck 208, the three-jaw chuck 208 clamps the workpiece 700, the other end of the rotating spindle 203 is connected with a spindle synchronous pulley 204, the spindle synchronous pulley 204 is matched with a synchronous belt 205, the other end of the synchronous belt 205 is matched with a motor synchronous pulley 206, the motor synchronous pulley 206 is connected with a spindle motor 207, the spindle motor 207 can drive the rotating spindle 203 to rotate by controlling the belt transmission among the motor synchronous pulley 206, the synchronous belt 205 and the spindle synchronous pulley 204, and in addition, the middle region of the rotating spindle 203 is connected with a power supply device 500.

[0040] The power supply device 500 comprises a power supply 501, and the positive pole of the power supply 501 is connected with an arc-shaped copper block 502 through an electric wire. The outer end surface of the arc-shaped copper block 502 is connected with a supporting copper block 503 through a spring 506. The outer end surface of the arc-shaped copper block 502 is provided with a guide column 504 which can slide in the guide hole 505 of the supporting copper block 503. Meanwhile, the tail end of the guide column 504 passes through the supporting hole of the external baffle 211 and is connected with the positive pole of the power supply 501. In addition, the inner end surface of the arc-shaped copper block 502 is in contact with the surface of the main shaft 203, and one pair of arc-shaped copper blocks 502 and supporting copper blocks 503 connecting pieces are arranged on the left and right sides of the main shaft 203 respectively. The supporting copper blocks 503 between the two pairs of connecting pieces are connected and fastened through bolts, so that the inner end surfaces of the two arc-shaped copper blocks 502 are tightly attached to the surface of the rotating main shaft 203. The double arc-shaped copper blocks can increase the conductive area between them and the rotating main shaft, ensure good electrical conductivity of the equipment during large current processing, reduce the risk of local overheating, and improve the stability and reliability of the equipment. On the other hand, the negative pole of the power supply 501 is connected with the Z-direction supporting arm 115 through an electric wire.

[0041] As shown in Figure 8 The composite turning tool electrode 300 comprises a tool body 301, and the tool body 301 is connected with a diamond blade 303. Meanwhile, the tool body 301 is provided with an electrolyte jet channel 302, the axis of the electrolyte jet channel 302 is located directly above the tip of the diamond blade 303, and the distance b from the end surface of the electrolyte jet channel 302 to the tip of the diamond blade 303 is 0.4-1mm, so that the chips generated by the diamond blade 303 during processing can be smoothly discharged. Figure 9 As shown in The electrolyte will be sprayed out of the electrolyte jet channel 302 along the electrolyte flow direction 800 and hit the workpiece surface during processing, which not only plays a role in removing materials by electrochemical machining, but also plays a role in cooling the diamond blade 303, so that electrolytic-turning composite machining can be realized.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] The high-efficiency and high-precision electrolytic-turning composite machining method in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0044] Step one, the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode 300 and the workpiece 700 is adjusted by controlling the Z-direction supporting arm 115 to move along the Z-direction through the Z-direction servo motor 112, so that the tip of the diamond blade 302 is flush with the axis of the workpiece 700;

[0045] Step two, according to the required machining allowance T of the workpiece 700, each machining allowance t is evenly distributed;

[0046] Step 3: Perform a rough machining operation. The Y-axis motion platform 103 is moved along the Y-axis by the Y-axis servo motor 105. The machining gap h between the end face of the electrolyte jet channel 303 and the surface of the workpiece 700 is adjusted to ensure it is within the range of 0.5–1 mm, and that the diamond cutting tool 302 does not contact the surface of the workpiece 700. Figure 10 As shown. The spindle motor 207 controls the rotational speed n1 of the spindle 203, turns on the return pump 402, the outlet pump 405, and the power supply 501, applies a potential greater than the breakage potential of the passivation film on the workpiece 700 surface, and performs electrolytic machining at high current density to remove large allowances. The X-axis servo motor 108 controls the axial feed speed of the composite turning tool electrode 300 to v1, and the material removal depth in the roughing stage is t1. Figure 11 As shown;

[0047] Step 4: Turn off the power supply 501 and control the composite turning tool electrode 300 to return to the initial machining position of one roughing operation via the X-axis servo motor 108.

[0048] Step 5: Perform a finishing process. Adjust the radial advance distance of the composite turning tool electrode 300 along the workpiece to (h+tb) using the Y-axis servo motor 105. Control the rotational speed n2 of the spindle 203 using the spindle motor 207. Turn on the power supply 501, applying a potential lower than the breakage potential of the passivation film on the workpiece 700 surface. Electrolytic machining at low current density only softens the workpiece surface material. Control the axial feed speed v2 of the composite turning tool electrode 300 using the X-axis servo motor 108 for mechanical turning finishing. Figure 12 As shown, the finishing stage can eliminate the genetic errors caused by electrolytic machining under high current density, level the uneven contours of the roughing stage, ensure the stability of electrolytic machining parameter selection in each roughing stage, and improve machining efficiency.

[0049] Step six, repeat steps three through five until the required machining allowance T on the workpiece 700 is completely removed, such as... Figure 13 As shown, efficient and precise machining of the surface material of workpiece 700 can be achieved. Then, the return pump 402, the outlet pump 405, and the power supply 501 are turned off, and the rotation of the spindle 203 is stopped. At the same time, the X-axis servo motor 108 and the Y-axis servo motor 105 are adjusted to make the composite turning tool electrode 300 return to the initial position. The machined workpiece 700 is then taken out, and the machining is completed.

[0050] In this embodiment, the workpiece 700 is a forged TC4 titanium alloy rod with a diameter of 20 mm, and the required machining allowance is 6 mm. The allowance is divided into 10 machining processes, and the average machining allowance for each process is 0.6 mm. The diameter of the electrolyte jet channel 303 is 3 mm, the machining gap between the electrolyte jet channel 303 and the surface of the workpiece 700 is 0.5 mm, and the electrolyte is a 20% NaCl solution with an electrical conductivity of about 20 S / m.

[0051] The specific steps of the machining method are as follows:

[0052] Step one, control the Z-direction support arm 115 to move along the Z-direction by the Z-direction servo motor 112, adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode 300 and the workpiece 700, so that the cutting edge of the diamond blade 302 is flush with the axis of the workpiece 700;

[0053] Step two, the required machining allowance of the workpiece 700 is 6 mm, which is divided into 10 machining processes, and the average machining allowance for each process is 0.6 mm;

[0054] Step three, rough machining is performed, the machining gap between the end face of the electrolyte jet channel 303 and the surface of the workpiece 700 is adjusted to 0.5 mm by controlling the Y-direction motion platform 103 to move along the Y-direction by the Y-direction servo motor 105, and the diamond blade 302 is ensured not to contact the surface of the workpiece 700. The distance from the end face of the electrolyte jet channel 303 to the cutting edge of the diamond blade 302 is 0.4 mm, the rotation speed of the rotating spindle 203 is controlled to be 0.3 r / min by the spindle motor 207, the power supply 501 is turned on by opening the liquid return pump 402 and the liquid outlet pump 405, and the applied potential is 60 V. Electrochemical machining with large current density is performed to remove large allowance, and the axial feed speed of the composite turning tool electrode 300 is controlled to be 1 mm / min by the X-direction servo motor 108. The material removal depth in the rough machining stage is 0.5 mm;

[0055] Step four, turn off the power supply 501, and control the composite turning tool electrode 300 to return to the initial machining position of the rough machining by the X-direction servo motor 108;

[0056] Step five, a finishing process is carried out, the composite turning tool electrode 300 is adjusted to advance a distance of 0.7mm along the radial direction of the workpiece by the Y servo motor 105, the rotating spindle 203 is controlled to rotate at a speed of 300r / min by the spindle motor 207, the power supply 501 is turned on, an electric potential of 1V is applied, the electrolytic machining under a small current density only plays a role of softening the workpiece material, the axial feed speed of the composite turning tool electrode 300 is controlled to be 30mm / min by the X servo motor 108, mechanical turning finishing is carried out, the finishing process can eliminate the genetic error caused by the electrolytic machining under a large current density, level the uneven profile in the rough machining stage, ensure the stability of the selection of the electrolytic machining parameters in each rough machining stage, and improve the machining efficiency;

[0057] Step six, the process of steps three to five is repeated until the required machining allowance 6mm of the workpiece 700 is completely removed, the efficient and precise machining of the surface material of the workpiece 700 can be realized, then the liquid return pump 402, the liquid outlet pump 405, and the power supply 501 are turned off, the rotating of the rotating spindle 203 is stopped, the X servo motor 108 and the Y servo motor 105 are adjusted to make the composite turning tool electrode 300 return to the initial position, the machined workpiece 700 is taken out, and the machining is completed.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency precision electrochemical turning combined machining device, characterized in that, The machine tool body (100) is provided with a spindle rotating device (200) for clamping and rotating a workpiece (700), and a composite turning tool electrode (300) including a tool body (301), a blade (303) provided on the tool body (301), and an electrolyte jet channel (302) for jetting electrolyte, the axis of the electrolyte jet channel (302) being located directly above the blade tip of the blade (303), the tool body (301) being provided with an electrolyte transportation channel in communication with the electrolyte jet channel (302), the composite turning tool electrode (300) being connected to the machine tool body (100) through a tool shaft (117), the electrolyte transportation channel in the tool shaft (117) being in communication with the electrolyte transportation channel of the tool body (301), and an electrolyte supply device supplying electrolyte to the electrolyte transportation channel in the tool shaft (117); positive and negative voltages are respectively applied to the spindle rotating device (200) and the composite turning tool electrode (300), the machine tool body (100) drives the spindle rotating device (200) and the composite turning tool electrode (300) to move relative to the three axes, so as to adjust the relative position between the composite turning tool electrode (300) and the workpiece (700) and realize machining. The working groove (600) includes a groove body (601), a rectangular hole (603) is provided on a first side of the groove body (601), a circular hole (608) is provided on a second side of the groove body (601), and the first side and the second side are perpendicular to each other, a rectangular sliding block (605) is provided in the rectangular hole (603), the upper and lower sides of the rectangular sliding block (605) are in contact with the rectangular hole (603), the rectangular sliding block (605) moves left and right along the length direction of the rectangular hole (603), a foldable louver cloth (604) is provided between the left and right ends of the rectangular sliding block (605) and the left and right ends of the rectangular hole (603), a circular window (606) is provided on the rectangular sliding block (605), the tool shaft (117) extends into the circular window (606) to place the composite turning tool electrode (300) in the working groove (600), the spindle rotating device (200) extends into the working groove through the circular hole (608) to place the workpiece (700) in the working groove, and the composite turning tool electrode (300) processes the workpiece (700) in the working groove. An annular air nozzle (607) is arranged on the inner end face of the rectangular sliding block (605) along the edge of the circular window (606), the annular air nozzle (607) is sleeved on the outside of the tool shaft (117) and sprays air to the tool shaft (117) to form a gas barrier.

2. The high efficient precision electrochemical turning compound machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance from the end face of the electrolyte jet channel (302) to the blade tip of the blade (303) is d, and the blade tip of the blade is closer to the workpiece (700) than the end face of the electrolyte jet channel (302).

3. The high efficient precision electrochemical turning compound machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the groove body (601) is provided with a liquid outlet hole (609) for guiding the electrolyte out, and the working groove (600) further comprises a groove cover (602) arranged above the groove body (601).

4. The high efficient precision electrochemical turning compound machining device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Further comprising an electrolyte circulating system device (400), the electrolyte circulating system device (400) comprises a turbid liquid tank (401), a liquid return pump (402), a filter (403), a clear liquid tank (404) and a liquid outlet pump (405) connected with the liquid outlet hole (609) at the bottom of the groove body (601) through a liquid inlet pipe, and the turbid liquid tank (401), the liquid return pump (402), the filter (403), the clear liquid tank (404) and the liquid outlet pump (405) are sequentially connected through pipes, the cutter shaft (117) is provided with a liquid inlet (116) communicated with the internal electrolyte transportation channel, and the liquid outlet pump (405) is connected with the liquid inlet (116) through a liquid outlet pipe.

5. The high efficient precision electrochemical turning compound machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main shaft rotating device (200) comprises an external baffle (211) and support frames (201) arranged at both ends inside the external baffle (211), a rotating main shaft (203) is arranged in the support frame (201) through a bearing, one end of the rotating main shaft (203) penetrates through a circular hole (608) and is fixedly connected with a three-jaw chuck (208) for clamping a workpiece (700), and the other end of the rotating main shaft (203) is fixedly provided with a main shaft synchronous pulley (204), the main shaft synchronous pulley (204) is connected with a motor synchronous pulley (206) through a synchronous belt (205), and the motor synchronous pulley (206) is driven by a main shaft motor (207).

6. The high efficient precision electrochemical turning-machining device according to claim 5, wherein, Further comprising a power supply device (500), the power supply device (500) comprises a power supply (501) and a positive electrode connecting device connected with the positive electrode of the power supply (501), the positive electrode connecting device comprises arc-shaped electric copper blocks (502) arranged outside the rotating main shaft (203), and support copper blocks (503) connected with the arc-shaped electric copper blocks (502) through springs (506), two arc-shaped electric copper blocks (502) are symmetrically arranged outside the rotating main shaft (203), the support copper blocks (503) connected with the two arc-shaped electric copper blocks (502) are fixedly connected with each other, the outer end surface of the arc-shaped electric copper block (502) is fixedly provided with a guide column (504), the support copper block (503) is provided with a guide hole (505) through which the guide column (504) penetrates, and the external baffle (211) is provided with a support hole through which the guide column (504) penetrates, the guide column (504) is fixed through the external baffle (211) and connected with the positive electrode of the power supply (501) through the support hole, the guide column (504) slides in the guide hole (505), and the inner end surface of the arc-shaped electric copper block (502) is in contact with the rotating main shaft (203); the negative electrode of the power supply (501) is connected with the electrode (300) of the composite turning tool.

7. The high efficient precision electrochemical turning-machining device according to claim 6, wherein, The machine tool body (100) comprises a bed (101), a Z-direction support column (111) extending along the Z-axis and a Y-direction guide rail (102) extending along the Y-axis are arranged on the bed (101), the Z-direction support column (111) is arranged with a Z-direction sliding block (114) moving along the Z-direction support column (111), the Z-direction sliding block (114) is fixedly connected with a tool shaft (117) through a Z-direction support arm (115), and the negative electrode of the power supply (501) is connected with the Z-direction support arm (115); the Y-direction guide rail (102) is arranged with a Y-direction moving platform (103) moving along the Y-direction guide rail (102), the Y-direction moving platform (103) is arranged with an X-direction guide rail (106) extending along the X-axis, the X-direction guide rail (106) is arranged with an X-direction moving platform (107) moving along the X-direction guide rail (106), and the spindle rotating device (200) is arranged on the X-direction moving platform (107); the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are three axes of a space rectangular coordinate system.

8. A high efficient precision electrochemical turning combined machining method using the machining device of claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: adjust the relative position between the composite cutting tool electrode and the workpiece by the machine tool body, so that the cutting edge of the blade is flush with the axis of the workpiece, and the cutting edge of the blade is not in contact with the surface of the workpiece; Step 2: rough machining: positive and negative voltages are respectively applied to the spindle rotating device and the composite cutting tool electrode, the applied potential is greater than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the surface of the workpiece, the electrolyte jet channel of the composite cutting tool electrode emits electrolyte to perform electrolytic machining on the workpiece under a large current density to remove a large excess amount, and the machine tool body controls the axial feeding of the workpiece for rough machining; Step 3: finish machining: adjust the relative position between the composite cutting tool electrode and the workpiece by the machine tool body, so that the cutting edge of the blade is in contact with the surface of the workpiece, positive and negative voltages are respectively applied to the spindle rotating device and the composite cutting tool electrode, the applied potential is less than the breaking potential of the passivation film on the surface of the workpiece, the electrolyte jet channel of the composite cutting tool electrode emits electrolyte to perform electrolytic machining on the workpiece under a small current density to only soften the surface material of the workpiece, the blade performs mechanical turning, and the machine tool body controls the axial feeding of the workpiece for finish machining; Step 4: repeat steps 2 and 3 until the required machining excess amount of the workpiece is completely removed.

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