Mobile structure and numerically controlled machine tool having the same

Abstract

The application relates to a mobile structure for controlling the movement of a main shaft of a machine tool, comprising a saddle movably arranged on a bed of the machine tool, a ram slidably connected with the saddle to drive the main shaft to move along a vertical direction relative to the saddle, and an adjusting structure comprising a cylinder and a movable rod, the cylinder being connected with the ram, and the two ends of the movable rod being respectively used for being connected with the upper and lower ends of the saddle, the saddle movably sleeving the movable rod relative to the cylinder, and a partition plate being arranged in a cavity of the cylinder to divide the cavity into a first cylinder cavity and a second cylinder cavity, the internal pressures of the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity being adjustably arranged to make the first cylinder cavity generate a pressure difference relative to the second cylinder cavity, so that the pushing force on the cylinder is balanced with the load force. The application can accurately control the gravity balance by adjusting the pressure difference in the cylinder, improves the stability in the machine tool machining process, and effectively solves the problem of the movement deviation of the main shaft caused by gravity in the traditional technology.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, in particular to a moving structure and a numerical control machine tool with the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, as an indispensable core equipment in modern manufacturing industry, the performance of the lifting shaft (Z-axis) of the numerical control machine tool directly affects the machining precision and production efficiency. The lifting shaft is mainly responsible for the vertical movement of the spindle, realizing the accurate positioning and machining of the workpiece. It needs to complete fast and stable lifting action in the machining process to adapt to the machining needs of workpieces of different heights, ensure the correct contact between the tool and the workpiece, and obtain the required machining precision and surface quality. The design and control technology of the lifting shaft is the key to the efficient operation of the numerical control machine tool, and it is necessary to find the best balance point between precision, speed and stability.

[0003] However, in the prior art, the problem of gravity balance of the lifting shaft has always been one of the main obstacles affecting the machining precision of the numerical control machine tool. Since the lifting shaft carries components such as the spindle and the motor, its weight will have different effects on the stability of the machine tool at different heights, especially in high-speed machining or frequent height conversion operations. The unbalanced gravity not only causes the lifting shaft to deviate during movement, reduces the machining precision, but also may cause the vibration of the machine tool, increase the tool wear, reduce the surface quality of the workpiece, and even cause potential damage to the machine tool structure. In addition, traditional gravity balance devices such as balance blocks or counterweight systems are often bulky, complex to install, and difficult to adjust in real time during machine tool operation, and cannot effectively cope with the problem of gravity imbalance caused by load changes. Therefore, it is required to develop a new technology that can accurately and real-time balance the gravity of the lifting shaft, has a compact structure, occupies a small space, and is easy to maintain, to overcome the limitations of the prior art and improve the overall performance and machining quality of the numerical control machine tool. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a moving structure and a numerical control machine tool with the same, to solve the technical problem that the movement of the lifting shaft deviates due to the action of gravity in the prior art, thereby affecting the machining precision.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present application, a mobile structure for controlling the movement of a spindle of a machine tool is provided, comprising: a saddle movably arranged on a bed of the machine tool; a ram slidably connected with the saddle to drive the spindle to move along a vertical direction relative to the saddle; and an adjusting structure comprising a cylinder and a movable rod, the cylinder is connected with the ram, two ends of the movable rod are respectively used for connecting with upper and lower ends of the saddle, the saddle movably sleeves the cylinder on the movable rod relative to the movable rod, a partition plate is arranged in a cavity of the cylinder to divide the cavity into a first cylinder cavity and a second cylinder cavity, the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity are adjustably arranged in terms of internal pressure to make the first cylinder cavity generate a pressure difference relative to the second cylinder cavity so as to balance the pushing force on the cylinder and the load force.

[0006] Further, the first cylinder cavity is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, the second cylinder cavity is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet, the first inlet and the second inlet are respectively used for connecting with a pressure increasing device to control the pressure increasing in the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity, and the first outlet and the second outlet are respectively used for connecting with a pressure relief device to control the pressure relief in the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity.

[0007] Further, a sealing member is arranged on the partition plate and clamped between the partition plate and the movable rod; and / or, a pressure sensor is arranged at the first inlet and the second inlet respectively; and / or, a bump stopper is sleeved on the movable rod at positions close to the upper mounting bracket and the lower mounting bracket respectively.

[0008] Further, one end of the movable rod is mounted on the upper end of the saddle through the upper mounting bracket, and the other end of the movable rod is mounted on the lower end of the saddle through the lower mounting bracket.

[0009] Further, the upper mounting bracket and the lower mounting bracket are respectively provided with a horizontal mounting plate, the horizontal mounting plate is arranged on the upper and lower end faces of the saddle, one end of the horizontal mounting plate is provided with a through hole, a bolt used for connecting with the saddle is arranged in the through hole, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate at least partially extends out of the saddle and is connected with the movable rod.

[0010] Further, the upper and lower ends of the movable rod are respectively provided with an upper movable rod connecting block and a lower movable rod connecting block, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate is connected with the upper movable rod connecting block or the lower movable rod connecting block of the movable rod.

[0011] Further, the upper mounting bracket and / or the lower mounting bracket are further provided with a triangular mounting bracket, one end of the triangular mounting bracket is connected with an end face of the saddle close to one side of the movable rod, and the other end of the triangular mounting bracket is connected with the horizontal mounting plate.

[0012] Further, the triangular mounting frame comprises a vertical mounting plate and a plurality of triangular mounting plates, one of the right angles of the triangular mounting plates is connected with the surface of the vertical mounting plate, the other right angle of the triangular mounting plates is connected with the horizontal mounting plate, and the surface of the vertical mounting plate away from the triangular mounting plates is connected with the surface of the saddle.

[0013] Further, the saddle is provided with two sets of adjusting structures, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the saddle along the extension direction of the saddle.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present application, a numerical control machine tool is provided, which comprises the moving structure of any of the preceding embodiments.

[0015] According to the technical scheme of the present application, the saddle is movably arranged on the bed of the machine tool, serving as a bridge connecting the bed and the saddle, and carrying and guiding the transverse (X-axis direction) movement of the saddle. The saddle is slidably connected with the saddle, and is responsible for driving the spindle to move in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). The sliding connection between the saddle and the saddle ensures smooth lifting of the spindle in the Z-axis direction, and at the same time, the movement of the saddle is positioned and guided in the transverse direction by the saddle. The adjusting structure comprises a cylinder and a movable rod, the cylinder is connected with the saddle, and the movable rod is connected with the upper and lower ends of the saddle respectively. The movement of the saddle drives the cylinder to slide on the movable rod, and the cylinder is divided into a first cylinder cavity and a second cylinder cavity by a partition plate inside the cylinder. By adjusting the internal pressure of the two cavities respectively, a pressure difference can be generated, and then the upward or downward thrust or tension of the cylinder on the saddle can be controlled, so as to realize the balance of the load of the spindle. The partition plate is located inside the cylinder, and divides the cavity into two independent parts, i.e. the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity, so as to ensure that the pressure inside the two cavities can be independently adjusted, thereby accurately controlling the force of the cylinder on the saddle, and realizing the accurate balance of the load. The moving structure of the present application accurately controls the balance of gravity by adjusting the pressure difference in the cylinder, improves the stability of the machine tool during machining, and effectively solves the problem of movement deviation of the spindle caused by gravity in the traditional technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and form a part of the present application. The schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 a perspective view showing an embodiment of the moving structure according to the present application is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 a plan view showing an embodiment of the moving structure according to the present application is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 an embodiment of the moving structure according to the present application is shown Figure 2A cross-sectional view along the direction of A-A.

[0020] Wherein, the above figures include the following reference signs:

[0021] 1, upper mounting bracket; 2, upper movable rod connecting block; 3, adjusting structure; 4, movable rod; 5, cylinder; 51, first cylinder cavity; 52, second cylinder cavity; 6, cylinder mounting bracket; 7, anti-collision glue; 8, lower movable rod connecting block; 9, lower mounting bracket; 10, first inlet; 11, first outlet; 12, partition plate; 13, second inlet; 14, second outlet; 15, ram; 16, saddle; 17, horizontal mounting plate; 18, triangular mounting frame; 181, vertical mounting plate; 182, triangular mounting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present application have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0024] In the present application, unless otherwise stated, the orientation words such as "upper, lower, top, bottom" are generally directed to the directions shown in the drawings, or are directed to the vertical, perpendicular or gravity directions of the components themselves; similarly, for the convenience of understanding and description, "inner, outer" refers to the inner and outer relative to the contour of the components themselves, but the above orientation words are not used to limit the present application.

[0025] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the embodiment one of the present application provides a moving structure for controlling the movement of the main shaft of a machine tool, comprising: a saddle 16 movably arranged on the bed of the machine tool; a ram 15 in sliding connection with the saddle 16 to drive the main shaft to move relative to the saddle 16 in the vertical direction; an adjusting structure 3 comprising a cylinder 5 and a movable rod 4, the cylinder 5 is connected with the ram 15, and the two ends of the movable rod 4 are respectively used for connecting with the upper and lower ends of the saddle 16, the saddle 16 drives the cylinder 5 to be movably sleeved on the movable rod 4 relative to the movable rod 4, a partition plate 12 is arranged in the cavity of the cylinder 5 to divide the cavity of the cylinder 5 into a first cylinder cavity 51 and a second cylinder cavity 52, the internal pressure of the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52 is adjustably arranged to make the first cylinder cavity 51 generate a pressure difference relative to the second cylinder cavity 52 so as to balance the pushing force and the load force on the cylinder 5.

[0026] The mobile structure provided by the embodiment of the present application can accurately control gravity balance by adjusting the pressure difference in the cylinder, thereby improving the stability in the machining process of the machine tool and effectively solving the problem of spindle movement deviation caused by gravity in the traditional technology.

[0027] In the above embodiment, the slide saddle 16 is movably arranged on the bed of the machine tool, serving as a bridge connecting the bed and the ram, and carrying and guiding the transverse X-axis direction movement of the ram; the ram 15 is in sliding connection with the slide saddle 16, and is responsible for driving the spindle to move along the vertical Z-axis direction; the sliding connection between the ram and the slide saddle ensures smooth lifting of the spindle in the Z-axis direction, and at the same time, the movement of the ram is positioned and guided in the transverse direction by the slide saddle; the adjusting structure 3 includes the cylinder 5 and the movable rod 4, the cylinder 5 is connected with the ram 15, and the movable rod 4 is connected with the upper and lower ends of the slide saddle 16 at both ends; the movement of the slide saddle drives the cylinder to slide on the movable rod, and the cavity is divided into a first cylinder cavity 51 and a second cylinder cavity 52 by the partition plate 12 inside the cylinder; by adjusting the internal pressure of the two cavities respectively, a pressure difference can be generated, and then the upward or downward thrust or tension of the cylinder on the ram can be controlled, so as to realize the balance of the load of the spindle; the partition plate 12 is located inside the cylinder 5, and divides the cavity into two independent parts, i.e. the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, so as to ensure that the pressure inside the two cavities can be independently adjusted, thereby accurately controlling the force of the cylinder on the ram and realizing the accurate balance of the load.

[0028] In some embodiments, the cylinder mounting bracket 6 is further provided for fixing the cylinder 5, so as to ensure the stability of the cylinder 5 during the movement of the ram 15, prevent displacement of the ram 15 due to external force or vibration, and affect the normal operation of the system. By tightly mounting the cylinder 5 on the ram 15, the cylinder mounting bracket 6 helps to maintain the overall compactness of the mobile structure and reduce the occupied space, which is particularly important for the design of the machine tool, especially in the precision machining machine tool requiring high precision and high stability. The interaction between the cylinder 5 and the movable rod 4 is realized through the cylinder mounting bracket 6, so as to ensure smooth movement of the movable rod in the cylinder, thereby maintaining the pressure balance between the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, realizing accurate control of the load of the spindle, and ensuring the stability and precision of the spindle in the vertical direction.

[0029] As the, Figure 3As shown, specifically, the first cylinder cavity 51 is provided with a first inlet 10 and a first outlet 11, and the second cylinder cavity 52 is provided with a second inlet 13 and a second outlet 14, the first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13 are respectively used to be connected with a pressurizing device to control the pressurization of the cavities in the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, and the first outlet 11 and the second outlet 14 are respectively used to be connected with a pressure relief device to control the pressure relief of the cavities in the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52. The partition plate 12 divides the cavity of the cylinder 5 into the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, and the two cavities are independent and do not interfere with each other, which lays a foundation for subsequent independent pressure control. The first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13 are respectively connected with the pressurizing device, and can inject high-pressure medium such as oil or gas into the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52 according to needs. The increase of such pressure can generate a thrust force to help balance the downward gravity of the main shaft. Corresponding to the first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13, the first outlet 11 and the second outlet 14 are connected with the pressure relief device, which is used to release the medium from the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, so as to reduce the pressure inside the cavities. The reduction of such pressure can reduce or eliminate the thrust force, so that the upward movement of the main shaft is not excessively constrained by the gravity balance structure. Through the joint action of the pressurizing device and the pressure relief device, the system can dynamically adjust the pressure difference between the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52. When the gravity of the main shaft is too large, the system pressurizes the first cylinder cavity 51 through the first inlet 10, and at the same time, depressurizes the second cylinder cavity 52 through the second outlet 14, to generate an upward thrust force to balance the gravity. Conversely, when the gravity of the main shaft is too small, the system depressurizes the first cylinder cavity 51 through the first outlet 11, and at the same time, pressurizes the second cylinder cavity 52 through the second inlet 13, to reduce or eliminate the upward thrust force, so as to ensure that the main shaft is stably positioned at the set balance position. Although it is not mentioned in detail in the provided claims, in the design, a position sensor is installed on the Z-axis, which is used to monitor the position and movement state of the main shaft in real time, and feedback information to the control system. According to the feedback data, the control system adjusts the pressure in the two cylinder cavities by accurately controlling the opening and closing of the valves of the first inlet 10, the first outlet 11, the second inlet 13 and the second outlet 14, to realize dynamic gravity balance.

[0030] Through the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned components, the moving structure of the present application can accurately adjust the gravity balance in real time, ensure the stability and positioning accuracy of the main shaft in the vertical direction, significantly improve the accuracy and stability in the machining process, reduce the movement deviation of the main shaft caused by gravity, and effectively solve the problems existing in the traditional technology.

[0031] Specifically, the partition plate 12 is provided with a sealing element clamped between the partition plate 12 and the movable rod 4; pressure sensors are arranged at the first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13 respectively; and anti-collision rubbers 7 are sleeved at the positions near the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9 at both ends of the movable rod 4. The partition plate 12 is located inside the cylinder body 5, and its function is to divide the cylinder cavity into a first cylinder cavity 51 and a second cylinder cavity 52. To ensure the accurate control of the pressure difference between the two cavities, the partition plate 12 is provided with a sealing element clamped between the partition plate 12 and the movable rod 4, forming a tight seal to prevent leakage of the medium between the two cavities and ensure the accuracy of pressure regulation and the stability of the system. Pressure sensors are arranged at the first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13 respectively to monitor the pressure changes at these two inlets in real time. By being connected to the control system, the pressure sensors can feed back the monitored pressure data to the control system in real time, and the control system can automatically adjust the internal pressures of the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52 based on these data to adapt to the changes in the load of the main shaft Z-axis, thereby maintaining the balance between the pushing or pulling force of the cylinder body 5 on the ram 15 and the load force. This not only improves the response speed of the system, but also ensures the accurate control of the position of the main shaft under dynamic machining conditions. The anti-collision rubbers 7 are sleeved at the positions near the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9 at both ends of the movable rod 4. The function of the anti-collision rubbers 7 is to absorb the impact force through their elastic material when the movable rod 4 reaches the limit of travel or encounters accidental collision, preventing hard collision between the movable rod 4 and the upper mounting bracket 1 or the lower mounting bracket 9, protecting the structural parts from damage and prolonging the service life of the equipment. At the same time, the arrangement of the anti-collision rubbers also improves the safety of operation, avoiding equipment failure or safety accidents caused by collision.

[0032] As shown in Figure 3 Specifically, one end of the movable rod 4 is installed on the upper end of the slide saddle 16 through the upper mounting bracket 1, and the other end of the movable rod 4 is installed on the lower end of the slide saddle 16 through the lower mounting bracket 9. One end of the movable rod 4 is connected to the upper end of the slide saddle 16 through the upper mounting bracket 1, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the slide saddle 16 through the lower mounting bracket 9. This design ensures the stable connection between the movable rod 4 and the slide saddle 16, providing the necessary support for the sliding of the cylinder body 5 on the movable rod. The slide saddle 16 serves as a connecting bridge between the bed and the ram 15, not only bearing the lateral movement of the ram, but also fixing the movable rod 4 through the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9, providing a stable foundation for the vertical movement of the cylinder body 5. The guiding function of the slide saddle ensures the linear motion of the movable rod in the vertical direction, thereby ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the movement of the cylinder body 5 and the ram 15. The upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9 are fixed at the upper and lower ends of the slide saddle 16, respectively, bearing the fixed points of the movable rod 4. This design not only ensures the fixed relationship between the movable rod 4 and the slide saddle 16, but also ensures the stability of the slide saddle when the cylinder body 5 slides on the movable rod 4, avoiding lateral shaking during the machining process.

[0033] Specifically, the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9 are respectively provided with horizontal mounting plates 17 arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the slide saddle 16, one end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 is provided with a through hole, a bolt for connecting with the slide saddle 16 is arranged in the through hole, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 at least partially extends out of the slide saddle 16 and is connected with the movable rod 4. The horizontal mounting plate 17 arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the slide saddle 16 is connected with the slide saddle 16 stably through the through hole at one end and the bolt arranged inside. This design ensures the stability and guidance of the slide saddle 16 on the bed, provides support and guidance for the transverse X-axis direction movement of the ram 15, and provides fixing points for both ends of the movable rod 4. The other end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 at least partially extends out of the slide saddle 16 and is connected with the movable rod 4. This design ensures that the movable rod 4 can be connected with the upper and lower ends of the slide saddle 16 stably, provides reliable mechanical connection for the movable part of the adjusting structure, ensures the smooth movement of the cylinder 5 on the movable rod 4, and further realizes the precise control of the spindle load.

[0034] Specifically, the upper and lower ends of the movable rod 4 are respectively provided with upper and lower movable rod connecting blocks 2 and 8, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 is connected with the upper or lower movable rod connecting block 2 or 8 of the movable rod 4. The upper and lower ends of the movable rod 4 are connected with the cylinder 5 through the upper and lower movable rod connecting blocks 2 and 8 respectively. This design ensures the fixation and sliding of the cylinder on the movable rod, and through the pressure change in the cylinder, the movable rod can generate corresponding pulling or pushing force to balance the gravity and motion inertia of the spindle. One end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 is connected with the slide saddle 16 through the upper or lower mounting bracket 1, and the other end is connected with the upper or lower movable rod connecting block 2 or 8, which plays a role of a bridge in the present application and connects the slide saddle and the cylinder. This design ensures the stable connection between the cylinder and the slide saddle, so that the cylinder can move synchronously with the movement of the slide saddle and the ram, and at the same time, the horizontal mounting plate 17 also provides additional support, enhancing the rigidity and stability of the entire balancing structure.

[0035] Specifically, the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9 are also provided with a triangular mounting bracket 18, one end of which is connected to the end face of the slide saddle 16 near the movable rod 4, and the other end is connected to the horizontal mounting plate 17. The triangular mounting bracket 18 is connected to the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9, one end of which is connected to the end face of the slide saddle 16 near the movable rod 4, and the other end is connected to the horizontal mounting plate 17. This triangular design utilizes the principle of geometric stability, improving the connection strength between the movable rod 4 and the slide saddle 16, and ensuring the stability of the structure when bearing dynamic load. The horizontal mounting plate 17 is arranged on the upper and lower end faces of the slide saddle 16, one end is connected to the slide saddle through a bolt, and the other end is connected to the upper movable rod connecting block 2 or the lower movable rod connecting block 8 of the movable rod 4, and at the same time, it is connected to the upper mounting bracket 1 or the lower mounting bracket 9 through the triangular mounting bracket 18 to form a stable connection. This design not only ensures the fixation and guidance of the movable rod 4, but also strengthens the stability of the horizontal mounting plate 17 through the triangular mounting bracket 18, avoiding the deformation of the structure caused by external interference or load change during processing. Through the cooperation of the upper mounting bracket 1, the lower mounting bracket 9, the triangular mounting bracket 18 and the horizontal mounting plate 17, the entire gravity balance structure forms a stable frame, not only improving the connection stability of the movable rod 4 and the cylinder body 5, but also enhancing the lateral rigidity of the slide saddle 16, reducing the precision loss caused by structural deformation during the main shaft lifting process. This design makes the system better adapt to load changes, provides accurate gravity balance control, and improves the precision and efficiency of machine tool processing.

[0036] Specifically, the triangular mounting frame 18 includes a vertical mounting plate 181 and multiple triangular mounting plates 182, one of which is connected to the surface of the vertical mounting plate 181, and the other is connected to the horizontal mounting plate 17. The side of the vertical mounting plate 181 away from the triangular mounting plate 182 is connected to the surface of the slide saddle 16. One of the right angles of the triangular mounting plate 182 is connected to the surface of the vertical mounting plate 181, and the other is connected to the horizontal mounting plate 17. This design utilizes the stability principle of the triangle to provide additional support for the upper and lower ends of the movable rod 4, enhancing the stability of the connection between the movable rod and the slide saddle and the cylinder, and avoiding structural deformation caused by load changes or vibrations during processing. The triangular mounting frame 18 is composed of a vertical mounting plate 181 and multiple triangular mounting plates 182, which fully utilizes the stability and support capacity of the triangle in mechanics. This design not only increases the rigidity of the entire balancing structure, but also reduces the space occupation, making the balancing structure more compact and suitable for installation in narrow spaces, improving the adaptability to different machine tool designs. The connection of the vertical mounting plate 181 and the slide saddle 16, as well as the connection of the triangular mounting plate 182 and the horizontal mounting plate 17, forms a highly stable frame. In this frame, the triangular mounting frame 18 not only provides stable support points for the two ends of the movable rod 4, but also ensures that the cylinder 5 can slide smoothly along the movable rod, achieving precise balance of the Z-axis gravity. At the same time, the structural design of the triangular mounting frame reduces the lateral sway of the movable rod during movement, improving the precision and reliability of the balancing structure.

[0037] Specifically, the slide saddle 16 is provided with two sets of adjustment structures 3, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide block 15 along the extension direction of the slide block 15. Two sets of adjustment structures 3 are arranged on the slide saddle 16, and the two sets of adjustment structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide block along the extension direction of the slide block. This symmetrical design ensures that the adjustment structures on both sides can simultaneously and evenly act on the slide saddle 16 when the slide block moves, avoiding the tilting of the slide saddle or the lateral deviation of the slide block caused by unilateral adjustment, ensuring the machining precision and stability of the machine tool. Each set of adjustment structure 3 contains a cylinder 5 connected to the slide saddle 16 through a movable rod 4, which can generate corresponding thrust or tension according to the change of the spindle gravity. The symmetrical arrangement of the two sets of adjustment structures on both sides of the slide saddle allows them to work cooperatively and adjust the gravity in the Z-axis direction in real time, ensuring that the spindle remains balanced during lifting, reducing vibration and displacement errors caused by unbalanced gravity during processing.

[0038] Embodiment two of the present application provides a numerical control machine tool comprising the moving structure of any of the preceding embodiments. The numerical control machine tool using this structure has the following advantages:

[0039] Improving machining precision: By implementing the Z-axis counterweight gravity structure in Example One, the CNC machine tool can accurately control the load of the spindle in the Z-axis direction, effectively avoiding the movement deviation or vibration of the spindle caused by unbalanced gravity, thereby significantly improving the precision and surface quality of the machined parts. This is particularly important for manufacturing high-precision parts, such as key components in the aerospace, medical devices, optical instruments, and other fields.

[0040] Enhancing system stability: The use of a full closed-loop structure ensures that the Z-axis will not suddenly drop due to gravity even if the machine tool is powered off, greatly improving the safety of operation. At the same time, the use of double-acting cylinders can effectively provide upward and downward forces, ensuring that the Z-axis can maintain a good balance state at any position, reducing machine tool vibration and enhancing the stability of the entire system.

[0041] Simplifying maintenance: Compared with traditional counterweights and air pressure balancing devices, the Z-axis balancing structure of the invention is designed to be simpler, with significantly reduced difficulty in maintenance and adjustment. The small size of the cylinder body occupies less space, reducing the restrictions on the internal layout of the machine tool, making the overall design more compact and reasonable, and also reducing the failure rate caused by improper maintenance.

[0042] Real-time dynamic control: The integrated position sensor and automatic adjustment control system can monitor the position and motion state of the Z-axis in real time and automatically adjust the balance force size to adapt to the changes in spindle load. This precise dynamic control capability can quickly respond to dynamic changes in load during the machining process, avoiding the impact of unbalanced gravity on machining precision and improving the stability and consistency of machining.

[0043] Improving machining efficiency: By implementing the balancing structure in Example One, the adjustment and calibration time caused by unbalanced gravity during machining is reduced, and the downtime and maintenance time caused by vibration are also reduced, thereby improving the overall machining efficiency and productivity of the machine tool.

[0044] Enhancing adaptability and flexibility: The balancing structure is compatible with the Z-axis systems of various CNC machine tools, not only suitable for linear motor-driven Z-axes, but also adaptable to Z-axes of other driving modes. This wide applicability enables the structure to exert its gravity balancing advantage on different types of CNC machine tools, enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of the system.

[0045] From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0046] Precise Load Balancing Control: By setting a partition plate 12 inside the cavity of the cylinder 5 and dividing it into a first cylinder cavity 51 and a second cylinder cavity 52, the pressure inside these two cavities can be independently adjusted. This design allows the cylinder to adjust the pressure difference inside the cavity in real time according to the load change of the spindle in the Z-axis direction, thereby generating a pushing force that balances the load force. This precise load balancing control significantly improves the stability of the spindle during machining, avoids machining errors caused by gravity imbalance, and improves machining accuracy.

[0047] Enhanced Safety: The invention is designed as a full closed-loop structure, so that even in the case of power failure, the pressure maintaining state inside the cylinder can ensure that the Z-axis will not suddenly drop due to gravity, effectively avoiding safety accidents during operation, protecting the safety of operators, and reducing production interruptions due to emergencies, improving the operational safety of the machine tool.

[0048] Simplified structure and maintenance: Compared with traditional balancing and driving systems, the moving structure of the present application is more compact and occupies less space, simplifying the internal layout of the machine tool. The connection between the cylinder and the ram, as well as the connection between the movable rod and the slide saddle, has been carefully designed to ensure the stability and durability of the structure, reducing the difficulty of maintenance and adjustment, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0049] Dynamic response capability: The moving structure in embodiment one has dynamic response capability, which can quickly adjust the pressure in the cylinder cavity according to the real-time changes of the spindle load. This rapid response capability is crucial for improving machining efficiency and accuracy. Especially in the case of frequent changes in machining load or high machining precision requirements, this dynamic balancing control can significantly improve the machining performance of the machine tool.

[0050] Improving machining quality and efficiency: By balancing the load force in the Z-axis direction in real time, the moving structure of the invention can reduce the vibration and displacement of the spindle during machining, thereby improving the surface quality and geometric accuracy of the machined parts. At the same time, this design reduces tool wear caused by gravity imbalance, reduces downtime, and improves the overall machining efficiency of the machine tool.

[0051] Flexibility and compatibility: The moving structure design of the present application not only effectively balances the gravity of the spindle, but also has the flexibility to be compatible with different types of CNC machine tools. Whether it is a Z-axis driven by a linear motor or other driving methods, it can exert its balancing force, enhancing the adaptability and universality of the system.

[0052] In summary, the mobile structure of the present application provides an innovative and efficient solution for the spindle movement control of a CNC machine tool through its precise load balancing control, enhanced safety, simplified structure and maintenance, dynamic response capability, improved machining quality and efficiency, and flexibility and compatibility, which has important practical significance and application value for improving the machining precision, efficiency and safety in modern manufacturing industry.

[0053] It is to be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments consistent with the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0054] It is to be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the present application described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein.

[0055] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with the aid of drawing figures, and are not limited to those embodiments; instead, they will include any changes that do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A mobile structure for controlling the movement of a spindle of a machine tool, characterized by, The mobile structure comprises: a saddle (16) movably arranged on a bed of the machine tool; a ram (15) in sliding connection with the saddle (16) to drive the spindle to move in a vertical direction relative to the saddle (16); an adjusting structure (3) comprising a cylinder (5) connected with the ram (15) and a movable rod (4) having two ends respectively connected with upper and lower ends of the saddle (16), the saddle (16) movably sleeving the movable rod (4) relative to the cylinder (5), a partition plate (12) being arranged in a cavity of the cylinder (5) to divide the cavity into a first cylinder cavity (51) and a second cylinder cavity (52), the first cylinder cavity (51) and the second cylinder cavity (52) being adjustably arranged in internal pressure to make the first cylinder cavity (51) generate a pressure difference relative to the second cylinder cavity (52) so as to balance a pushing force on the cylinder (5) and a load force; the first cylinder cavity (51) is provided with a first inlet (10) and a first outlet (11), and the second cylinder cavity (52) is provided with a second inlet (13) and a second outlet (14), the first inlet (10) and the second inlet (13) being respectively connected with a pressurizing device to control pressurization of the first cylinder cavity (51) and the second cylinder cavity (52), and the first outlet (11) and the second outlet (14) being respectively connected with a pressure relief device to control pressure relief of the first cylinder cavity (51) and the second cylinder cavity (52); pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the first inlet (10) and the second inlet (13), and the mobile structure further comprises a position sensor for monitoring a position and a motion state of the spindle in real time, the pressure sensors and the position sensor being in communication connection with a control system, so that the control system adjusts internal pressures of the first cylinder cavity (51) and the second cylinder cavity (52) according to detection results of the pressure sensors and the position sensor; wherein the machine tool adopts a full closed loop structure.

2. The mobile structure of claim 1, wherein, The partition plate (12) is provided with a sealing element clamped between the partition plate (12) and the movable rod (4).

3. The mobile structure of claim 1, wherein, One end of the movable rod (4) is installed on an upper end of the saddle (16) through an upper mounting bracket (1), and the other end of the movable rod (4) is installed on a lower end of the saddle (16) through a lower mounting bracket (9), and the movable rod (4) is provided with an anti-collision rubber (7) at positions close to the upper mounting bracket (1) and the lower mounting bracket (9) at two ends thereof.

4. The mobile structure of claim 3, wherein, The upper mounting bracket (1) and the lower mounting bracket (9) are respectively provided with horizontal mounting plates (17) arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the slide saddle (16), one end of the horizontal mounting plate (17) is provided with a through hole, a bolt for connecting with the slide saddle (16) is arranged in the through hole, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate (17) at least partially extends out of the slide saddle (16) and is connected with the movable rod (4).

5. The mobile structure of claim 4, wherein, The upper and lower ends of the movable rod (4) are respectively provided with upper and lower movable rod connecting blocks (2) and (8), and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate (17) is connected with the upper or lower movable rod connecting block (2) or (8) of the movable rod (4).

6. The mobile structure of claim 4, wherein, The upper mounting bracket (1) and / or the lower mounting bracket (9) are further provided with triangular mounting frames (18), one end of the triangular mounting frame (18) is connected with the end surface of the slide saddle (16) close to one side of the movable rod (4), and the other end of the triangular mounting frame (18) is connected with the horizontal mounting plate (17).

7. The mobile structure of claim 6, wherein, The triangular mounting frame (18) comprises a vertical mounting plate (181) and a plurality of triangular mounting plates (182), one of the right-angle edges of the triangular mounting plate (182) is connected with the surface of the vertical mounting plate (181), the other right-angle edge of the triangular mounting plate (182) is connected with the horizontal mounting plate (17), and the surface of the vertical mounting plate (181) away from the triangular mounting plate (182) is connected with the surface of the slide saddle (16).

8. The mobile structure of claim 1, wherein, The slide saddle (16) is provided with two groups of the adjusting structures (3), and the two groups of the adjusting structures (3) are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the slide saddle (15) along the extension direction of the slide saddle (15).

9. A numerically controlled machine tool, characterized by comprising: The mobile structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The mobile structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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