New energy vehicle high-voltage system and vehicle equipped with same

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-voltage system for a new energy vehicle and a vehicle equipped with the same. The high-voltage system for a new energy vehicle includes: a power battery, a power distribution unit, and a diagnostic controller. The power distribution unit is electrically connected to the power battery, and the power distribution unit includes a plurality of power distribution branches for conducting with different power loads. A first electronic fuse module is provided in the power distribution unit, and the first electronic fuse module encapsulates a plurality of electronic insurance control channels, and the plurality of electronic insurance control channels are arranged in series with the plurality of power distribution branches; when the current detected by the diagnostic controller exceeds a preset overcurrent value, the corresponding electronic insurance control channel is controlled to be disconnected; when the current of the power distribution branch exceeds a short-circuit detection value, the corresponding electronic insurance control channel is automatically controlled to be disconnected to trigger a short-circuit state, so as to solve the problems of slow fault response and insufficient safety of the high-voltage architecture in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronic technology, and more particularly to a new energy vehicle high-voltage system and a vehicle equipped with the same. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs), as the mainstream trend in new energy vehicles, have experienced rapid global development in recent years due to their economical, environmentally friendly, and fully closed-loop product offerings. Range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs), in particular, utilize a dual energy system of internal combustion engines and batteries to achieve efficient, clean combustion from the engine and efficient energy conversion from the electric motor, effectively addressing the pain points of electric vehicles, such as short range and difficulty charging. The high-voltage architecture, as the core nerve center of the REEV, directly determines the vehicle's energy consumption and range, and is a key technology that distinguishes REEVs from traditional fuel vehicles.

[0003] A key feature of electric vehicles is their high-voltage, high-current power circuits. Beyond standard automotive safety requirements, they must also meet specialized protections for high voltage and high current to ensure safe vehicle operation and the safety of drivers and passengers. However, the currently commonly used high-voltage architecture, using a relay + fuse, suffers a drawback: its inability to promptly shut down the high-voltage circuit. This can easily cause vehicle damage and even endanger the safety of occupants in situations such as overcurrent and short circuits.

[0004] To address the above issues, no effective solutions have been proposed so far. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a new energy vehicle high-voltage system and a vehicle equipped therewith, so as to solve the problems of slow fault response and insufficient safety of the high-voltage architecture in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, a high-voltage system for a new energy vehicle is provided, comprising: a power battery; a power distribution unit, the power distribution unit being electrically connected to the power battery, the power distribution unit comprising a plurality of power distribution branches for conducting with different power loads, a first electronic fuse module being provided in the power distribution unit, the first electronic fuse module encapsulating a plurality of electronic insurance control channels, the plurality of electronic insurance control channels being provided corresponding to the plurality of power distribution branches, and each electronic insurance control channel being connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch; a diagnostic controller, the diagnostic controller being used to collect the current of at least one power distribution branch and to control the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel when the detected current exceeds a preset overcurrent value; the first electronic fuse module having a short-circuit trigger state for automatically controlling the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel when the current of at least one power distribution branch exceeds a short-circuit detection value.

[0007] Furthermore, a first IGBT module is provided on at least one electronic insurance control channel. The first IGBT module has a gate. The first IGBT module receives a level signal from the diagnostic controller through the gate to control the conductive path of the first IGBT module, thereby controlling the on and off of the first IGBT module.

[0008] Furthermore, at least one electronic safety control channel is connected in series with a freewheeling diode, which is arranged between the first IGBT module and the electrical load. The freewheeling diode is used to consume the electrical energy stored in the capacitor of the electrical load when the electronic safety control channel is disconnected.

[0009] Furthermore, anti-parallel diodes are connected in parallel at both ends of the first IGBT module. The anti-parallel diodes are used to provide a current path for the inductive load when the first IGBT module is in the off state, so as to avoid electromagnetic interference caused by sudden current changes in the electronic fuse control channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a first relay, one end of the first relay is electrically connected to the power battery, the other end of the first relay is electrically connected to the power distribution unit, and the first relay is electrically connected to the diagnosis controller.

[0011] Furthermore, the first relay includes:

[0012] Main relay, one end of the main relay is electrically connected to the power battery, the other end of the main relay is electrically connected to the power distribution unit, the main relay is electrically connected to the diagnosis controller, and the main relay is a mechanical relay;

[0013] The pre-charge circuit is set in parallel with the main relay. The pre-charge circuit is used to reduce the voltage difference between the power battery and the power distribution unit before the main relay is closed.

[0014] Furthermore, an electronic fuse component is provided on the pre-charge circuit, which includes a second IGBT module and an anti-reverse diode connected in series with the second IGBT module. The second IGBT module has a first state for turning on the pre-charge circuit and a second state for turning off the pre-charge circuit. The second IGBT module is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller, and the anti-reverse diode has a cut-off state for cutting off the pre-charge circuit when the power load electrically connected to the power distribution unit includes a power supply.

[0015] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a second relay, the internal structure of the second relay is the same as the internal structure of the first relay, the input end of the main relay in the second relay is electrically connected to the power battery, the output end of the main relay in the second relay is electrically connected to multiple high-voltage load parts, the main relay is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller, and the high-voltage load part includes at least one of a DCDC converter, an auxiliary drive part, and a main drive part.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a filter, one end of the filter is electrically connected to the power battery, and the other end of the filter is connected to the second relay to conduct the second relay and the power battery.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, comprising a new energy vehicle high-voltage system, wherein the new energy vehicle high-voltage system is the above-mentioned new energy vehicle high-voltage system.

[0018] Provided is a high-voltage system for a new energy vehicle, comprising: a power battery; a power distribution unit, the power distribution unit being electrically connected to the power battery, the power distribution unit comprising a plurality of power distribution branches for conducting with different power loads, a first electronic fuse module being provided in the power distribution unit, the first electronic fuse module encapsulating a plurality of electronic insurance control channels, the plurality of electronic insurance control channels being provided corresponding to the plurality of power distribution branches, each electronic insurance control channel being connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch; a diagnostic controller, the diagnostic controller being configured to collect the current of at least one power distribution branch and control the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel when the detected current exceeds a preset overcurrent value; the first electronic fuse module having a short-circuit triggering state for automatically controlling the disconnection of the corresponding electronic insurance control channel when the current of at least one power distribution branch exceeds a short-circuit detection value.

[0019] The technical solution of this invention integrates a first electronic fuse module into the power distribution unit to control the current output from the power battery to various loads. Multiple electronic fuse control channels within the first electronic fuse module are connected in series with corresponding power branches. When an overcurrent or short circuit is detected, the high-voltage system immediately disconnects the circuit. This effectively avoids the slow response, high cost, and non-reusability of traditional relays and fuses, reduces maintenance costs, and optimizes spatial layout. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 A system block diagram of an embodiment of a new energy vehicle high voltage system according to the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 It shows a block diagram of the internal structure of a power distribution unit according to an embodiment of a new energy vehicle high voltage system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 The internal structure block diagram of the first relay of an embodiment of the new energy vehicle high voltage system according to the present invention is shown.

[0024] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Power battery;

[0026] 2. Power distribution unit; 21. Power distribution branch;

[0027] 3. Electrical load;

[0028] 4. First electronic fuse module; 41. Electronic fuse control channel; 42. First IGBT module; 43. Freewheeling diode; 44. Anti-parallel diode;

[0029] 5. First relay; 51. Main relay; 52. Pre-charge circuit; 53. Second IGBT module; 54. Anti-reverse diode;

[0030] 6. Second relay;

[0031] 7. DCDC converter;

[0032] 8. Auxiliary driving department;

[0033] 9. Main drive department;

[0034] 10. Range extension unit;

[0035] 11. Filter;

[0036] 12. Fast charging department;

[0037] 13. Diagnostic controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can, for example, be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0041] Now, exemplary embodiments according to the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in a variety of different forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of this application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the concepts of these exemplary embodiments to those of ordinary skill in the art. In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to represent the same devices, and thus their descriptions will be omitted.

[0042] Combine Figures 1 to 3 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of the present application, a new energy vehicle high-voltage system and a vehicle equipped therewith are provided.

[0043] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle includes: a power battery 1, a power distribution unit 2, and a diagnostic controller 13. The power distribution unit 2 is electrically connected to the power battery 1 and includes multiple power distribution branches 21 for conducting with different power loads 3. The power distribution unit 2 is provided with a first electronic fuse module 4. The first electronic fuse module 4 encapsulates multiple electronic fuse control channels 41. The multiple electronic fuse control channels 41 are arranged corresponding to the multiple power distribution branches 21, and each electronic fuse control channel 41 is connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch 21. The diagnostic controller 13 is used to collect the current of at least one power distribution branch 21 and control the disconnection of the corresponding electronic fuse control channel 41 when the detected current exceeds a preset overcurrent value. The first electronic fuse module 4 has a short-circuit trigger state that automatically disconnects the corresponding electronic fuse control channel 41 when the current of at least one power distribution branch 21 exceeds a short-circuit detection value.

[0044] The technical solution of this invention integrates a first electronic fuse module into the power distribution unit to control the current output from the power battery to various loads. Multiple electronic fuse control channels within the first electronic fuse module are connected in series with corresponding power branches. When an overcurrent or short circuit is detected, the high-voltage system immediately disconnects the circuit. This effectively avoids the slow response, high cost, and non-reusability of traditional relays and fuses, reduces maintenance costs, and optimizes spatial layout.

[0045] Furthermore, a first IGBT module 42 is provided on at least one electronic insurance control channel 41. The first IGBT module 42 has a gate. The first IGBT module 42 receives the current signal issued by the diagnostic controller 13 through the gate to control the conductive path of the first IGBT module 42, thereby controlling the conduction and shutdown of the first IGBT module 42.

[0046] It should be further explained that IGBT, as a composite power semiconductor device, combines the high-speed switching characteristics of MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) and the low on-state voltage drop characteristics of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in its structure. The gate forms a control loop with the emitter (E) and collector (C) of the IGBT. The gate is the IGBT control port. When a positive voltage is applied to the gate relative to the emitter, the IGBT is turned on and current can flow between the collector and emitter. When the gate voltage drops below a certain value, the IGBT is turned off, preventing current from flowing. Therefore, the gate quickly shuts off the first IGBT module 42 in abnormal conditions such as overcurrent and overvoltage by receiving the current signal sent by the diagnostic controller 13, reducing damage to the power device and thus providing system protection.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, multiple electronic safety control channels 41 within the power distribution unit 2 are connected in series with multiple power distribution branches 21. A first IGBT module 42 is provided on the electronic safety control channel 41. Each electronic safety control channel 41 and each power distribution branch 21 are electrically connected to a different power load 3. If multiple power loads 3 are connected in parallel, then multiple first IGBT modules 42 are also connected in parallel. The parallel arrangement of IGBT modules can significantly increase the current carrying capacity of the system and provide redundancy for the high-voltage system. If one module fails or requires maintenance, the other modules can continue to operate, ensuring that the high-voltage system does not fail immediately, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire high-voltage architecture.

[0048] Specifically, at least one electronic safety control channel 41 is connected in series with a freewheeling diode 43, which is arranged between the first IGBT module 42 and the electrical load 3. The freewheeling diode 43 is used to consume the electrical energy stored in the capacitor of the electrical load 3 when the electronic safety control channel 41 is disconnected, so as to avoid electric shock when people touch it.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, one end of the freewheeling diode 43 is electrically connected to the first IGBT module 42, and the other end of the freewheeling diode 43 is electrically connected to the power load 3. When the first IGBT module 42 is turned on, the capacitor in the power load 3 connected in series with it will generate a reverse electromotive force, trying to maintain the flow of current. If there is no freewheeling diode 43, this reverse electromotive force will form a very high voltage at both ends of the first IGBT module 42, which may cause the first IGBT module 42 to break down and be damaged. When the electronic insurance control channel 41 is disconnected, the freewheeling diode 43 releases the electrical energy stored in the capacitor of the power load 3 through the freewheeling diode 43, converting it into heat or being absorbed by other circuits, thereby protecting the first IGBT module 42 from overvoltage damage. It also helps to ensure that the circuit will not generate a current shock due to residual magnetic field energy when the electronic insurance control channel 41 is turned on again, thereby improving the safety and stability of the entire high-voltage system.

[0050] It should be further explained that due to the forward conduction characteristic of the freewheeling diode 43, it only allows current to flow back from the power load 3 to the power supply after the first IGBT module 42 is turned off, and does not allow current to flow in the reverse direction when the first IGBT module 42 is turned on. This unidirectional conductivity is crucial for ensuring the normal flow of current and avoiding current confusion in the circuit.

[0051] Furthermore, an anti-parallel diode 44 is connected in parallel across both ends of the first IGBT module 42. This anti-parallel diode 44 is used to provide a current path for the inductive load when the first IGBT module 42 is in the off state, thereby preventing electromagnetic interference caused by sudden current changes within the electronic fuse control channel 41. The purpose of providing the anti-parallel diode 44 is to protect the system from voltage spikes caused by the back electromotive force (back EMF) of the inductive load.

[0052] Those skilled in the art should be aware that inductive loads refer to electrical devices or components that rely primarily on magnetic field energy to operate during operation. These loads typically contain inductors in the circuit. In the high-voltage systems of new energy vehicles, inductive loads primarily include, but are not limited to, drive motors, relays, and other devices containing inductors. For example, when a motor is operating and current is flowing through its coils, the inductor stores some energy. When the IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) module in the motor control circuit switches from the on state to the off state, the current in the motor coils attempts to continue flowing because the current cannot be stopped immediately. This generates a reverse electromotive force (i.e., back electromotive force) in the motor coils. This electromotive force can sometimes be very high, far exceeding the power supply voltage, potentially damaging the IGBT module or other electronic components.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, each electronic fuse control channel 41 forms an anti-parallel diode 44 in an anti-parallel connection with the first IGBT module 42. In applications such as motor drives and switching power supplies, the load often includes an inductor. When the first IGBT module 42 is suddenly turned off, the magnetic field energy in the inductive load attempts to release in the circuit as reverse current. Without an appropriate current path, this will cause the first IGBT module to experience a voltage spike. In this embodiment, the anti-parallel diode 44 forms an anti-parallel connection with the first IGBT module 42. The anti-parallel diode 44 provides this current path, allowing the current in the inductive load to be released smoothly, effectively preventing damage to the first IGBT module caused by voltage spikes and extending the device's service life.

[0054] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a first relay 5, one end of which is electrically connected to the power battery 1, the other end of which is electrically connected to the power distribution unit 2, and the first relay 5 is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13. The first relay 5 acts as a switch in the high-voltage circuit and can disconnect the power battery 1 and the power distribution unit 2 when the vehicle starts, stops, or a fault occurs, thereby isolating the circuit. This isolation function is crucial for protecting the high-voltage system from faults such as overcurrent and short circuit, improving the safety and stability of the system. The first relay 5 is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13. Through the signal control of the diagnostic controller 13, the first relay 5 can respond to system instructions to realize the opening and closing of the high-voltage circuit. During normal vehicle operation, the first relay 5 is closed, allowing high-voltage current to pass; when the high-voltage circuit needs to be disconnected or fault protection is required, the diagnostic controller 13 will send a signal to disconnect the first relay 5, preventing current from passing and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0055] Specifically, the first relay 5 comprises a main relay 51 and a pre-charge circuit 52. One end of the main relay 51 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, and the other end is electrically connected to the power distribution unit 2. The main relay 51 is also electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13. The main relay 51 is a mechanical relay. The main relay 51 acts as a safety switch in the high-voltage circuit. When the diagnostic controller 13 detects an overcurrent, short circuit, or other electrical fault in the system, it immediately disconnects the power battery 1 from the power distribution unit 2, preventing further escalation of the fault and protecting the high-voltage system and other vehicle electronic equipment. The pre-charge circuit 52 is connected in parallel with the main relay 51 to reduce the voltage differential between the power battery 1 and the power distribution unit 2 before the main relay 51 is closed. During the initial startup of the high-voltage system, the electrical loads 3 are not yet charged. Directly closing the main relay 51, directly connecting the high-voltage power supply from the power battery 1 to the electrical loads 3, would cause the voltage across the loads 3 to rapidly rise from 0V to the battery voltage, generating a transient high current. The pre-charging circuit 52 works in parallel with the main relay 51. Slow charging is first performed through the pre-charging circuit 52 to achieve a smooth transition of voltage. When the power distribution unit 2 is close to the voltage of the power battery 1, the pre-charging circuit 52 is disconnected and the main relay 51 is closed. The voltage on the power distribution unit 2 is consistent with the power battery 1, thereby avoiding overvoltage in the high-voltage system.

[0056] In an alternative embodiment, pre-charge circuit 52 also includes a pre-charge resistor to reduce current surge during the pre-charge phase. The addition of the pre-charge resistor limits the charging current to a safe range, further optimizing the pre-charge process, reducing impact on the battery and system, and extending the service life of the entire high-voltage system.

[0057] As those skilled in the art will appreciate, a mechanical relay is composed of several key components, primarily an electromagnetic coil, an iron core, a contact system (consisting of normally open and normally closed contacts), a reaction spring, and a housing. The operating principle of a mechanical relay is based on electromagnetic induction. When the control circuit supplies current to the electromagnetic coil, a magnetic field is generated inside the coil, attracting the iron core to move. This movement is transmitted to the contact system via a connecting rod or other mechanical connection mechanism, causing the normally open contact to close and the normally closed contact to open. The closing or opening of the contacts connects or disconnects the circuit controlled by the relay. When the control circuit loses power, the electromagnetic coil's magnetic field disappears, and the reaction spring returns the iron core to its original position, returning the contacts to their initial state. This means the normally open contact opens again and the normally closed contact closes again.

[0058] Specifically, the pre-charge circuit 52 is provided with an electronic fuse assembly, which includes a second IGBT module 53 and an anti-reverse diode 54 connected in series with the second IGBT module 53. The second IGBT module 53 has a first state, which turns on the pre-charge circuit 52, and a second state, which turns off the pre-charge circuit 52. The second IGBT module 53 is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13. The second IGBT module 53 receives a current signal from the diagnostic controller 13. In the event of an abnormality such as overcurrent or overvoltage, the second IGBT module 53 enters the second state, which turns off. When the voltage system is operating normally, the second IGBT module 53 enters the first state, which turns on. The anti-reverse diode 54 has an off state, which turns off the pre-charge circuit 52, when the power load 3 electrically connected to the power distribution unit 2 includes a power supply.

[0059] Those skilled in the art should be aware that the anti-reverse diode 54, typically a Schottky diode, fast recovery diode, or body diode, is an electronic component designed to prevent reverse current flow. In a circuit, the anti-reverse diode 54 ensures that current flows in only one direction (in this embodiment, from the power battery 1 to the power load 3). This prevents reverse current flow even in the event of a sudden load disconnection or system failure, maintaining circuit stability and safety.

[0060] The anti-reverse diode 54 has the following characteristics:

[0061] 1. Low forward voltage drop: The anti-reverse diode 54 will have a low voltage drop when it is forward-conducting, which means that under normal working conditions, the power consumption of the anti-reverse diode will be low, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire circuit;

[0062] 2. High switching speed: The switching speed of the anti-reverse diode 54 during forward conduction and reverse cutoff is very fast, which means that using an anti-reverse diode in the circuit can reduce energy loss during the switching process and improve the response speed of the circuit;

[0063] 3. Good reverse recovery characteristics: After the anti-reverse diode 54 is forward-conducted, it can quickly switch from the on state to the off state when the voltage switches in the reverse direction, thereby reducing the impact of the reverse voltage and protecting other devices from damage by the reverse voltage.

[0064] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, one end of the anti-reverse diode 54 is electrically connected to the second IGBT module 53 and is located in the pre-charging circuit 52. One end of the anti-reverse diode 54 is electrically connected to the power load 3, and the anti-reverse diode 54 is arranged in parallel with the main relay 51. Under normal circumstances, when current flows from the power battery 1 in the forward direction through the anti-reverse diode 54, it is in the on state, allowing current to pass and participating in the pre-charging process. If the power load 3 includes its own power source, such as in some cases an auxiliary power source or another set of batteries, and the voltage of these power sources may be higher than or equal to the voltage of the power battery 1, if the circuit does not have appropriate protection measures, current may attempt to flow back from the power load 3 to the power battery 1 or the pre-charging circuit 52. In this case, the reverse blocking characteristics of the anti-reverse diode 54 come into play, preventing this reverse current, ensuring that the current does not flow in the reverse direction and protecting the power battery 1 and the pre-charging circuit 52 from damage.

[0065] Optionally, in this embodiment, the anti-reverse diode 54 may also work in conjunction with the diagnostic controller 13. When it is detected that the internal voltage of the electrical load 3 has a reverse current risk, measures can be taken, such as disconnecting the second IGBT module 53 or the main relay 51 in the pre-charge circuit 52, to ensure that the anti-reverse diode 54 can effectively prevent the reverse current, thereby maintaining the safe and stable operation of the entire high-voltage system.

[0066] Furthermore, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a second relay 6. The internal structure of the second relay 6 is the same as that of the first relay 5. The input end of the main relay 51 in the second relay 6 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, and the output end of the main relay 51 in the second relay 6 is electrically connected to multiple high-voltage load parts. The main relay 51 is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller 13, and the high-voltage load part includes at least one of the DCDC converter 7, the auxiliary drive part 8, and the main drive part 9.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, the second relay 6 is arranged in parallel with the first relay 5 and is divided into two parts. The output end of the main relay 51 in the second relay 6 is electrically connected to multiple high-voltage load parts. The multiple high-voltage load parts are arranged in parallel and work independently without interfering with each other. In this embodiment, the main drive part 9 is a three-phase bridge controlling the drive motor, which controls the drive motor to provide power for the car; the auxiliary drive part 8 is a three-phase bridge controlling the air pump motor, which controls the air pump motor to provide steering for the car; the main function of the DCDC converter 7 is to charge the low-voltage battery of the vehicle; Figure 1As shown, the solid arrows indicate the direction of high-voltage current, and the dashed arrows indicate the direction of current signal transmission. The power battery 1 supplies power to the entire high-voltage system. When the second relay 6 is closed, current flows through the main relay 51 to the DC-DC converter 7, auxiliary drive unit 8, and main drive unit 9, providing power. When the main relay 51 receives the current signal from the diagnostic controller 13 and experiences an abnormality such as overcurrent or overvoltage, the second IGBT module 53 in the second relay 6 quickly shuts down to protect the circuit.

[0068] Furthermore, the new energy vehicle high voltage system also includes a filter 11, one end of the filter 11 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, and the other end of the filter 11 is connected to the second relay 6 so that the second relay 6 is conductive with the power battery 1. For the power battery 1 of the new energy vehicle, the output direct current may have ripples. This current fluctuation not only reduces the efficiency of the system, but may also damage sensitive electronic components. The filter 11 can smooth these ripples and provide a purer direct current. In this embodiment, the main function of the filter 11 is to ensure that the current and voltage signals in the high voltage system are pure, reduce or eliminate interference and clutter in the circuit, and improve the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0069] Optionally, the high-voltage system of the new energy vehicle also includes a fast charging unit 12. Taking into account the high-voltage characteristics of new energy vehicles, the fast charging unit 12 is designed with special attention to charging safety. In this high-voltage system, when the power battery 1 is low on power, the diagnostic controller 13 controls the first relay 5 and the second relay 6 to turn off, and at this time the power battery 1 is charged through the fast charging unit 12. By disconnecting the first relay 5 and the second relay 6 during fast charging, the power battery 1 can be isolated from other high-voltage systems of the vehicle (such as main drive, auxiliary drive, DCDC converter, etc.), preventing the charging current from interfering with or damaging other systems of the vehicle, ensuring the normal operation of other systems of the vehicle, and optimizing the charging process and improving charging efficiency.

[0070] Optionally, the high-voltage system of a new energy vehicle also includes a range extender 10. The range extender 10 is designed to extend the driving range of the new energy vehicle, especially to provide an additional source of power when the battery is low or cannot be immediately charged. The range extender 10 converts the energy of fuel (such as gasoline or diesel) into electrical energy through a range-extending generator. The range extender 10 works in conjunction with other parts of the high-voltage system, connecting to the DCDC converter 7, auxiliary drive unit 8, main drive unit 9, etc. through the second relay 6, and is monitored and controlled by the diagnostic controller 13. This synergy ensures that the range extender 10 can quickly and safely intervene in the high-voltage system when needed to provide additional electrical energy.

[0071] like Figure 1As shown, it is a system block diagram of the high-voltage system of a new energy vehicle. It can be seen that the position layout of each component can be divided into four layers from top to bottom. The diagnostic controller 13 is located on the first layer, which is used to receive the current signal of the power battery 1, the first relay 5, the second relay 6, and the fast charging part 12. The second layer is the power battery 1 and the filter 11 connected in series. The third layer is the first relay 5 and the second relay 6. The first relay 5 and the second relay 6 are arranged in parallel and divided into two major parts. The power battery 1 directly transmits the current to the first relay 5. The current of the power battery 1 is purified by the filter before being transmitted to the second relay 6 to avoid damage to sensitive electronic components. The fourth layer of the high-voltage system is divided into four parts. These four parts are arranged in parallel, from left to right: fast charging part 12, power distribution unit 2, high-voltage load part (including DCDC converter 7, auxiliary drive part 8, main drive part 9), range extender 10, fast charging part 12 is electrically connected to the power battery 1, the power distribution unit 2 is electrically connected to the first relay 5, and the high-voltage load part and the range extender 10 are both electrically connected to the second relay 6.

[0072] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0073] This solution uses a first electronic fuse module, replacing the traditional relay + fuse model. This enables the high-voltage architecture to quickly respond to faults such as overcurrent and short circuits and automatically disconnect related circuits. This significantly improves the system's protection response speed, reduces potential damage, and enhances the safety of personnel and vehicles. Integrating the first electronic fuse module into the power distribution unit reduces the space occupied by the high-voltage system within the vehicle.

[0074] 2. By providing the second IGBT module 53 and the anti-reverse diode in the pre-charge circuit, the inrush current during startup is effectively controlled, sensitive electronic components are protected, and the stability and safety of the circuit are maintained.

[0075] 3. Each electronic insurance control channel in the power distribution unit 2 is connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch. When the diagnostic controller detects that the current in the high-voltage circuit exceeds the preset overcurrent value, the electronic insurance control channel is automatically disconnected. When the current in the high-voltage circuit exceeds the short-circuit detection value, the corresponding electronic insurance control channel 41 is automatically controlled to disconnect and enter the short-circuit trigger state. When the fault is eliminated, the device does not need to be replaced to return to normal state, which greatly reduces maintenance cost and time.

[0076] The above embodiments can also be used in the field of equipment technology. That is, according to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a new energy vehicle high-voltage system. The new energy vehicle high-voltage system is the new energy vehicle high-voltage system described in the above embodiments.

[0077] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0078] In addition to the above, it should be noted that references to "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "an embodiment," and the like in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment as included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in conjunction with any embodiment, it is intended that such feature, structure, or characteristic, when implemented in conjunction with other embodiments, also falls within the scope of the present invention.

[0079] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0080] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage system for new energy vehicles, characterized in that: include: Power battery (1); A power distribution unit (2), the power distribution unit (2) being electrically connected to the power battery (1), the power distribution unit (2) comprising a plurality of power distribution branches (21) for conducting with different power loads (3), a first electronic fuse module (4) being provided in the power distribution unit (2), the first electronic fuse module (4) being encapsulated with a plurality of electronic insurance control channels (41), the plurality of electronic insurance control channels (41) being provided correspondingly to the plurality of power distribution branches (21), and each of the electronic insurance control channels (41) being connected in series with the corresponding power distribution branch (21); A diagnostic controller (13) configured to collect the current of at least one of the power distribution branches (21) and control the disconnection of the corresponding electronic fuse control channel (41) when the detected current exceeds a preset overcurrent value; the first electronic fuse module (4) having a short-circuit triggering state for automatically controlling the disconnection of the corresponding electronic fuse control channel (41) when the current of at least one of the power distribution branches (21) exceeds a short-circuit detection value; The new energy vehicle high-voltage system further includes a first relay (5), one end of the first relay (5) being electrically connected to the power battery (1), the other end of the first relay (5) being electrically connected to the power distribution unit (2), and the first relay (5) being electrically connected to the diagnostic controller (13); The first relay (5) comprises: A main relay (51), one end of the main relay (51) is electrically connected to the power battery (1), the other end of the main relay (51) is electrically connected to the power distribution unit (2), the main relay (51) is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller (13), and the main relay (51) is a mechanical relay; A pre-charging circuit (52) is provided in parallel with the main relay (51), and the pre-charging circuit (52) is used to reduce the voltage difference between the power battery (1) and the power distribution unit (2) before the main relay (51) is closed.

2. The high-voltage system for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first IGBT module (42) is provided on at least one of the electronic insurance control channels (41), the first IGBT module (42) having a gate, and the first IGBT module (42) receives a current signal from the diagnostic controller (13) through the gate to control the conductive path of the first IGBT module (42), thereby controlling the on and off of the first IGBT module (42).

3. The high-voltage system for new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least one of the electronic safety control channels (41) is connected in series with a freewheeling diode (43), which is arranged between the first IGBT module (42) and the electrical load (3), and is used to consume the electrical energy stored in the capacitor of the electrical load (3) when the electronic safety control channel (41) is disconnected.

4. The high-voltage system for new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: An anti-parallel diode (44) is connected in parallel to both ends of the first IGBT module (42), and the anti-parallel diode (44) is used to provide a current path for the inductive load when the first IGBT module (42) is in the off state, so as to avoid electromagnetic interference caused by a sudden change of current in the electronic fuse control channel (41).

5. The high-voltage system for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electronic fuse component is provided on the pre-charge circuit (52), and the electronic fuse component includes a second IGBT module (53) and an anti-reverse diode (54) connected in series with the second IGBT module (53). The second IGBT module (53) has a first state in which the pre-charge circuit (52) is turned on and a second state in which the pre-charge circuit (52) is turned off. The second IGBT module (53) is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller (13). The anti-reverse diode (54) has an off state in which the pre-charge circuit (52) is turned off when the power load (3) electrically connected to the power distribution unit (2) includes a power supply.

6. The new energy vehicle high voltage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The new energy vehicle high-voltage system further includes a second relay (6), the internal structure of the second relay (6) is the same as the internal structure of the first relay (5), the input end of the main relay (51) in the second relay (6) is electrically connected to the power battery (1), the output end of the main relay (51) in the second relay (6) is electrically connected to a plurality of high-voltage load parts, the main relay (51) is electrically connected to the diagnostic controller (13), and the high-voltage load part includes at least one of a DCDC converter (7), an auxiliary drive part (8), and a main drive part (9).

7. The high-voltage system for new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The new energy vehicle high-voltage system further comprises a filter (11), one end of the filter (11) being electrically connected to the power battery (1), and the other end of the filter (11) being connected to the second relay (6) so that the second relay (6) and the power battery (1) are electrically connected.

8. A vehicle, comprising a new energy vehicle high voltage system, characterized in that: The new energy vehicle high-voltage system is the new energy vehicle high-voltage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images