A method and device for comprehensive utilization of carbon capture and energy recovery

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and device for comprehensive utilization of carbon capture and energy recovery, including a gas oxidation treatment power generation system, a heat recovery system, a carbon capture system, a carbon dioxide refining system, a carbon dioxide gasification system, a carbon conversion system and a heat exchange system. The present invention processes raw gas with a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide gas through a carbon dioxide refining system, converting it into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide for storage. Impurity gases in the raw gas are burned through a gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and energy is recovered to power the generator. The high-temperature gas after combustion enters the carbon capture system after heat recovery and heat exchange, and enters the carbon dioxide refining system again for storage after concentration; the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide enters the carbon conversion system through the gasification system and is further converted into chemicals and fuels. The present invention realizes the efficient comprehensive utilization of the capture, refining and conversion of carbon dioxide gas, while recovering energy, and has the advantages of reducing energy consumption and improving resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, recycling and energy recovery, and in particular to a method and device for carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery. Background Art

[0002] With global warming and environmental pollution becoming increasingly serious, greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), have become a global concern. Carbon emissions primarily stem from the use of fossil fuels in industrial production, transportation, and power plants. High carbon emissions from these sectors are exacerbating global warming and posing a serious threat to the ecological environment. To address climate change, many countries have set carbon neutrality goals, striving to reduce carbon emissions.

[0003] Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology has therefore become one of the key technologies in emission reduction strategies, aiming to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at the source by capturing and recycling CO2, and effectively recycling carbon resources.

[0004] Existing carbon capture and utilization technologies mainly include physical absorption, chemical absorption, adsorption and membrane separation technology. Physical absorption usually uses organic solvents to absorb CO2, but the operation process consumes a lot of energy and has limited efficiency. Chemical absorption, such as using amine solvents to absorb CO2, is a widely used technology at present, but its disadvantage is that the solvent is easily degraded and corrosive, and the absorption and regeneration process consumes a lot of energy. The adsorption method captures CO2 through solid adsorbents, which has good selectivity and low energy consumption, but the adsorbent is easily saturated and requires frequent regeneration. Membrane separation technology separates CO2 through the selectivity of the membrane, but the membrane material is expensive and easily contaminated. Although these traditional methods can capture carbon dioxide, they generally have disadvantages such as high energy consumption, complex equipment, and limited recovery rate, making it difficult to achieve large-scale economic carbon capture.

[0005] In response to the urgent need to reduce global carbon emissions, existing carbon capture technologies urgently need innovation and improvement. Future technological advancements must not only improve CO2 capture efficiency but also reduce energy consumption and operating costs, achieving more efficient and economical carbon capture and reuse. Furthermore, integrating carbon capture with energy conversion through energy recovery technologies can transform captured CO2 into valuable energy or chemicals, thereby promoting sustainable development.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technical solution that can not only efficiently capture CO2 but also achieve energy recovery and comprehensive utilization, so as to meet increasingly stringent carbon emission targets and realize the effective recycling of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the technical problems raised above, a method and device for comprehensive utilization of carbon capture and energy recovery are provided. The present invention mainly utilizes a carbon dioxide refining system to process raw gas with a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide gas, and converts it into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide for storage. The impurity gas in the raw gas is burned through a gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and the recovered energy is used to power the generator. The high-temperature gas after combustion enters the carbon capture system after heat recovery and heat exchange, and enters the carbon dioxide refining system again for storage after concentration; the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide enters the carbon conversion system through the gasification system, and is further converted into chemicals and fuels. This achieves efficient and comprehensive utilization of the capture, refining and conversion of carbon dioxide gas, while recovering energy, which has the advantages of reducing energy consumption and improving resource utilization.

[0008] The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0009] A carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device, comprising: a gas oxidation treatment power generation system, a heat recovery system, a carbon capture system, a carbon dioxide refining system, a carbon dioxide gasification system, a carbon conversion system and a heat exchange system.

[0010] The raw gas to be processed enters the device from the carbon dioxide refining system, and the raw gas is a relatively high concentration carbon dioxide gas;

[0011] The carbon dioxide refining system is used to convert high-concentration carbon dioxide gas into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and store it;

[0012] The carbon dioxide refining system is connected to the gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and is used to combust the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower and storage tank in the carbon dioxide refining system through the gas turbine of the gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and recover the energy of the high-temperature gas generated by the oxidation combustion to power the electric generator and the motor;

[0013] The gas oxidation power generation system and the heat recovery system are connected to the carbon capture system. The gas after combustion treatment passes through the heat recovery system and the heat exchange system and then enters the carbon capture system. The steam generated after the reaction is respectively input into the carbon capture system and the carbon dioxide refining system.

[0014] The carbon capture system is connected to the carbon dioxide refining system and is used to convert the combustion-treated gas into high-concentration carbon dioxide gas, which is fed into the carbon dioxide refining system together with the raw gas;

[0015] The carbon dioxide gasification system is connected to the carbon dioxide refining system and the carbon conversion system, and is used to convert the stored high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide into high-concentration carbon dioxide gas through the heat exchange system, and input it into the carbon conversion system to generate chemicals and fuels.

[0016] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide refining system includes a steam turbine compressor unit, a desulfurization tower, a purification tower, a precooler, a heat exchanger, a liquefier, a refrigeration system, a distillation tower and a storage tank connected in sequence. Through compression, desulfurization purification, cooling liquefaction and distillation processes, the higher concentration carbon dioxide gas is further purified and liquefied to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and stored in the storage tank.

[0017] Furthermore, the gas oxidation treatment power generation system includes a gas turbine generator set, which includes a gas turbine, a compressor and an electric generator I. The compressor compresses the air and then undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together with the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower and storage tank in the carbon dioxide refining system. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the electric generator I to generate electricity.

[0018] Furthermore, the device also includes a combustible gas replenishment system, which includes a compressor and a motor. The compressor pressurizes the combustible gas and then generates an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together with the air compressed by the compressor and the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower and the storage tank. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the electric generator I to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is used to power the motor.

[0019] Furthermore, the impurity gases contained in the raw gas include but are not limited to hydrogen, hydrocarbons, nitrogen, and gases containing VOCs; the combustible gas is one or more streams of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or hydrogen gas; the combustion value of the gas entering the gas turbine should meet the requirements for combustion in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.

[0020] Furthermore, the heat recovery system is a waste heat boiler, and the high-temperature gas exhausted by the gas turbine generates steam through the waste heat boiler, and then enters the carbon capture system and the carbon dioxide refining system; the gas exhausted from the waste heat boiler enters the heat exchange system for heat exchange and then enters the carbon capture system.

[0021] Furthermore, the carbon capture system includes three processes of alkaline washing and desulfurization, absorption, and desorption to capture low-concentration carbon dioxide and concentrate it into higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas, wherein the alkaline washing and desulfurization process adopts a pretreatment tower, the absorption process adopts an absorption tower, and the desorption process adopts a desorption tower; the pretreatment tower, the absorption tower and the desorption tower are connected in sequence; wherein the heat of the desorption tower is provided by the steam generated by the heat recovery system, and the desorption tower is connected to a bottom reboiler, and the steam is heat-exchanged through the bottom reboiler to heat the absorbent to achieve desorption regeneration, and the condensed water after heat exchange is transported back to the heat recovery system.

[0022] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide gasification system includes a pressure pump and a precooler. One side of the pressure pump is connected to the storage tank of the carbon dioxide refining system, and the other side is connected to the precooler. The precooler is connected to the heat exchange gasifier. The pressure pump is used to pressurize the stored liquid carbon dioxide to the required pressure, and exchange heat with the gas discharged from the heat recovery system through the heat exchange gasifier, thereby reducing the temperature of the gas entering the carbon capture system and gasifying the liquid carbon dioxide into gas.

[0023] The present invention also discloses a carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery method, which is carried out using the above-mentioned carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device and comprises the following steps:

[0024] S1. The raw gas is pressurized by a centrifugal compressor and then enters the desulfurization tower and purification tower. After desulfurization and purification, it passes through a pre-cooler, a heat exchanger, and a liquefier in sequence before entering a distillation tower and a storage tank. Through compression, desulfurization and purification, cooling and liquefaction, and distillation, the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas is further purified and liquefied to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide, which is then stored in a storage tank.

[0025] S2. The impurity-laden gas discharged from the top of the distillation tower and storage tank enters the gas turbine of the gas oxidation power generation system after passing through a heat exchanger. It undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction with the air compressed by the compressor in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the compressor to pressurize the air. The excess mechanical energy generated by the gas turbine drives the electric generator 1 to generate electricity.

[0026] S3. The high-temperature gas exhausted from the gas turbine is passed through the waste heat boiler to generate steam and exhaust the gas;

[0027] S31: The exhaust gas from the waste heat boiler is cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchange gasifier and then enters the carbon capture system. The gas passes through the pretreatment tower, absorption tower, and desorption tower in sequence. That is, the low-concentration carbon dioxide is captured and concentrated into a higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas through alkaline washing, desulfurization, absorption, and desorption processes. The higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas enters the carbon dioxide refining system and repeats the steps of S1 to convert the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide into a storage tank.

[0028] S32. A portion of the steam generated by the waste heat boiler is supplied to the desorption tower in the carbon capture system to heat the absorbent for desorption and regeneration. The remaining portion is supplied to the steam turbine compressor unit in the carbon dioxide refining system to generate mechanical energy to drive the centrifugal compressor to compress the carbon dioxide. Excess steam can be used by the steam turbine to drive electric generator II to generate electricity, which is then supplied to other electrical equipment in the system.

[0029] S4. When preparing chemicals and fuels, the liquid carbon dioxide in the storage tank is converted into carbon dioxide gas through a pressure pump, a pre-cooler, and a heat exchange vaporizer. The carbon dioxide gas is further converted into chemicals and fuels through a carbon conversion system.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S2, when the combustion value of the gas entering the gas turbine does not meet the combustion requirements in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, combustible gas is introduced for supplementation. The pressurized combustible gas undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together with the air compressed by the compressor and the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower and the storage tank. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the electric generator I to generate electricity. The generated electricity is used to power the motor, and the excess electricity is provided to other electrical equipment in the system.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0032] 1. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the present invention can efficiently refine carbon dioxide. Raw gas with a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide gas can be converted into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and stored in a storage tank. This not only improves the efficiency of carbon capture, but also reduces secondary emissions during the gas processing process.

[0033] 2. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization, and energy recovery device provided by this invention utilizes a carbon dioxide purification process in which impurity-laden gas is burned in a gas turbine within a gas oxidation power generation system. This not only removes impurities from the gas but also recovers the high-temperature gas generated by combustion. The application of gas turbines in clean energy power generation and industrial waste gas treatment, with their high efficiency and low pollution, can contribute significantly to sustainable human development.

[0034] 3. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the present invention, in which the high-temperature steam generated by combustion is recovered by the heat recovery system to drive the generator and the motor, realizes the effective recovery of energy, significantly reduces the energy consumption of the device, and enables it to generate electricity while capturing and treating carbon dioxide, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency and providing a guarantee for the economic feasibility of carbon capture.

[0035] 4. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the present invention further processes the gas generated by combustion through a heat recovery system and a heat exchange system to ensure that the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is not directly discharged. Instead, it is converted into a high-concentration gas through the carbon capture system and recycled for utilization, thereby maximizing the utilization of carbon resources, reducing pollution emissions to the atmosphere, and creating conditions for the subsequent refining and conversion of carbon dioxide.

[0036] 5. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization, and energy recovery device provided by this invention vaporizes high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and then converts it into valuable chemicals and fuels, such as methanol, ethylene, and synthesis gas, through a carbon conversion system. This converts carbon dioxide, previously treated as waste gas, into a usable resource, promoting a circular carbon economy.

[0037] In summary, compared to traditional single-system carbon capture devices, the present invention's technical solution offers greater economic and environmental benefits by leveraging the synergistic effects of multiple systems, ensuring efficient and sustainable capture and refining, while prioritizing resource recovery. Through carbon conversion, it reduces direct carbon dioxide emissions, further mitigating the impact of greenhouse gases on the climate.

[0038] Based on the above reasons, the present invention can be widely promoted in the fields of efficient utilization of clean energy, power generation, carbon capture and recycling, energy conservation, environmental protection, etc. processed by clean technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the gas oxidation power generation system and heat recovery system in the carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the carbon capture system portion of the carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide refining system in the carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the carbon conversion system portion of the carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the present invention.

[0045] In the figure: 1. Combustible gas; 2. Air; 3. Compressor; 4. Motor; 5. Gas turbine; 6. Compressor; 7. Electric generator I; 8. Waste heat boiler; 9. Boiler feed water; 10. Steam; 11. Heat exchanger gasifier; 12. Pretreatment tower; 13. Absorption tower; 14. Vent air I; 15. Desorption tower; 16. Bottom reboiler; 17. Gaseous carbon dioxide; 18. Feed gas; 19. Steam turbine; 20. Centrifugal compressor; 21. Electric generator II; 22. Desulfurization tower; 23. Purification tower; 24. Vent air II; 25. Heater; 26. Nitrogen; 27. Precooler; 28. Heat exchanger I; 29. ​​Liquefier; 30. Refrigeration system; 31. Distillation tower; 32. Storage tank; 33. Booster pump; 34. Hydrogen; 35. Gaseous carbon dioxide product; 36. Carbon conversion system; 37. Chemicals and fuels; 38. Gas-liquid separation tank I; 39. Heat exchanger II; 40. Gas-liquid separation tank II. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device, including: a gas oxidation treatment power generation system, a heat recovery system, a carbon capture system, a carbon dioxide refining system, a carbon dioxide gasification system, a carbon conversion system and a heat exchange system. The various devices in the system are connected by pipelines, lines, etc.

[0049] The present invention primarily processes raw gas 18 with a relatively high carbon dioxide concentration, i.e., one with a carbon dioxide concentration of 80% or more. The carbon dioxide refining system converts this relatively high-concentration carbon dioxide gas into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide for storage. Furthermore, the remaining impurities in the stored raw gas 18 are returned to the gas oxidation power generation system, mixed with the combustible gas 1, and then combusted in the gas turbine 5 to generate carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is then captured and concentrated in the carbon capture system before being reprocessed in the carbon dioxide refining system.

[0050] like Figure 3 、 Figure 4As shown, feed gas 18 enters the device from the carbon dioxide refining system, which is used to convert relatively high-concentration carbon dioxide gas into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide for storage. The carbon dioxide refining system includes a steam turbine compressor unit (composed of a steam turbine 19, a centrifugal compressor 20, and a motor generator II 21), a desulfurization tower 22, a purification tower 23, a precooler 27, a heat exchanger I 28, a liquefier 29, a refrigeration system 30, a distillation tower 31, and a storage tank 32. Through compression, desulfurization purification, cooling and liquefaction, and distillation, the relatively high-concentration carbon dioxide gas is further purified and liquefied to produce high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide (liquid carbon dioxide with a concentration of 99% or more), which is then stored in storage tank 32.

[0051] Specifically, the raw gas 18 enters the centrifugal compressor 20. The raw gas 18 has a low-pressure part and a non-pressurized part. After being compressed to above 2MPa by the centrifugal compressor 20, it enters the desulfurization tower 22 for desulfurization, and then enters the purification tower 23 for purification. Preferably, the purification tower 23 can adopt a double-group structure and a group working mode. A heater 25 for nitrogen backwash regeneration is also provided on one side of the purification tower 23. The nitrogen 26 is heated by the heater 25 and enters the purification tower 23 for regeneration. The valve can be used to select to close one group of purification towers for regeneration and open another group for purification, and so on to ensure the normal operation of the device. The purified vent air II24 is discharged from the purification tower, and the vent air II24 is mainly nitrogen.

[0052] After purification, the raw gas 18 passes through the pre-cooler 27 and the heat exchanger I 28 for cold recovery, and then is liquefied by the liquefier 29 to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and enters the distillation tower 31. The liquefier 29 provides it with cold through the refrigeration system 30 to liquefy the gas, and the liquid carbon dioxide enters the storage tank 32 from the bottom of the distillation tower 31 for storage.

[0053] The impurity-containing gas discharged from the top of the distillation tower 31 in the carbon dioxide refining system and the carbon dioxide gas discharged from the top of the storage tank 32 enter the gas turbine 5 of the gas oxidation treatment power generation system through the heat exchanger I 28 for combustion treatment, and the energy of the high-temperature gas generated by the oxidation combustion is recovered to power the electric generator and the motor.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the gas oxidation treatment power generation system includes a gas turbine generator set, which includes a gas turbine 5, a compressor 6 and an electric generator I7. The compressor 6 compresses the air 2 and then undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 together with the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower 31 and the storage tank 32 in the carbon dioxide refining system. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the electric generator I7 to generate electricity.

[0055] Preferably, when the calorific value of the gas entering the gas turbine 5 does not meet the combustion requirements in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5, the apparatus further includes a combustible gas replenishment system comprising a compressor 3 and a motor 4. The compressor 3 pressurizes the combustible gas 1, which then undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 together with the air 2 compressed by the compressor 6 and the impurity-containing gas discharged from the top of the distillation column 31 and the storage tank 32. The resulting high-temperature, high-pressure gas drives the electric generator I 7 to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is used to power the motor 4. It will be understood that the energy of the gas turbine 5 can be used to power the electric generator I 7, the motor 4, and the electric generator II 21 in the carbon dioxide refining system. Similarly, the energy of the centrifugal compressor 20 can also be used to power the electric generator II 21. If there is any surplus energy, the excess energy can be provided to other electrical equipment in the system, as shown by the dotted line in the figure.

[0056] Furthermore, the impurity gases contained in the raw gas 18 include but are not limited to hydrogen, hydrocarbons, nitrogen, and gases containing VOCs; the combustible gas 1 is one or more streams of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or hydrogen gas; the addition of the combustible gas 1 and the addition of air 2 are both for the purpose of mixing with the gas discharged from the top of the distillation tower 31 and the storage tank 32 so that the combustion value after mixing meets the combustion requirements of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5.

[0057] In this embodiment, the gas oxidation power generation system and the heat recovery system are connected to the carbon capture system. The heat recovery system includes a waste heat boiler 8 and a boiler feed water 9. The gas turbine 5 is connected to the waste heat boiler 8. The heat generated by the gas turbine 5 generates steam 10 through the waste heat boiler 8. The steam 10 is provided to the desorption tower 15 in the carbon capture system on the one hand to heat the absorbent for desorption and regeneration. On the other hand, it is provided to the steam turbine 19 of the carbon dioxide refining system to drive the centrifugal compressor 20. The gas coming out of the waste heat boiler 8 enters the carbon capture system after heat exchange and cooling in the heat exchange gasifier 11.

[0058] The carbon capture system includes three processes: alkaline washing and desulfurization, absorption, and desorption to capture low-concentration carbon dioxide and concentrate it into higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas. The alkaline washing and desulfurization process uses a pretreatment tower 12, the absorption process uses an absorption tower 13, and the desorption process uses a desorption tower 15.

[0059] Specifically, the pretreatment tower 12, the absorption tower 13, and the desorption tower 15 are sequentially connected. The top of the absorption tower 13 is connected to a gas-liquid separator tank I 38, through which the gas discharged from the top of the absorption tower 13 is directly discharged as vent gas I 14. The absorbent containing carbon dioxide from the bottom of the absorption tower 13 passes through a heat exchanger II 39 and enters the desorption tower 15 for desorption. The desorbed gaseous carbon dioxide 17 passes through a gas-liquid separator tank II 40 and merges with the feed gas 18. The gaseous carbon dioxide 17 then enters the centrifugal compressor 20 for pressurization. The heat for the desorption tower 15 is provided by steam 10 generated by the waste heat boiler 8. The desorption tower 15 is connected to a bottom reboiler 16. The steam 10 exchanges heat through the bottom reboiler 16 to heat the absorbent for desorption and regeneration. The condensed water after heat exchange is then transported back to the heat recovery system, fully utilizing the heat of the entire system, saving external energy consumption, and achieving low-cost operation.

[0060] The carbon capture system is connected to the carbon dioxide refining system and is used to convert the combustion-treated gas into a higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas, which is fed into the carbon dioxide refining system together with the raw gas 18 to enter the purification and liquefaction process.

[0061] The application of the stored high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide is mainly reflected in: the carbon dioxide gasification system is connected to the carbon dioxide refining system and the carbon conversion system 36, which is used to convert the stored high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide into high-concentration carbon dioxide gas through the heat exchange system, and input it into the carbon conversion system to generate chemicals and fuel 37.

[0062] Specifically, the carbon dioxide gasification system includes a pressure pump 33 and a precooler 27. One side of the pressure pump 33 is connected to the storage tank 32 of the carbon dioxide refining system, and the other side is connected to the precooler 27. The precooler 27 is connected to the heat exchange gasifier 11. The pressure pump 33 is used to pressurize the stored liquid carbon dioxide to the required pressure, and to exchange heat with the gas discharged from the heat recovery system through the heat exchange gasifier 11, thereby reducing the temperature of the gas entering the carbon capture system and gasifying the liquid carbon dioxide into gas.

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, the carbon conversion system 36 is used to convert high-purity carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen-containing substances such as hydrogen 34 into high-value-added chemicals and fuels 37 through conversion pathways and methods such as thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. In this embodiment, the gaseous carbon dioxide product 35 and hydrogen 34 after heat exchange in the heat exchange gasifier 11 are used to generate chemicals such as methanol.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The present invention also provides a method for carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery, which is carried out using the above-mentioned carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device and comprises the following steps:

[0066] S1, the raw gas 18 is pressurized by the centrifugal compressor 20 and enters the desulfurization tower 22 and the purification tower 23. After desulfurization and purification, it passes through the pre-cooler 27, the heat exchanger I 28, and the liquefier 29 in sequence and enters the distillation tower 31 and the storage tank 32. Through the compression, desulfurization and purification, cooling liquefaction and distillation process, the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas is further purified and liquefied to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and stored in the storage tank 31;

[0067] The impurity-containing gas discharged from the top of S2, the distillation tower 31 and the storage tank 32 enters the gas turbine 5 of the gas oxidation treatment power generation system after passing through the heat exchanger I 28. The gas and the air 2 compressed by the compressor 6 undergo an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas produced drives the compressor 6 to compress the air. The excess mechanical energy generated by the gas turbine 5 drives the electric generator I 7 to generate electricity.

[0068] Preferably, if the combustion value of the gas entering the gas turbine 5 does not meet the combustion requirements in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5, combustible gas 1 is introduced for supplementation. After pressurization, the combustible gas 1 undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 together with the air 2 compressed by the compressor 6 and the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower 31 and the storage tank 32. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the electric generator I7 to generate electricity. The generated electricity is used to power the motor 4, and the excess electricity is provided to other electrical equipment in the system.

[0069] S3, the high-temperature gas discharged from the gas turbine 5 passes through the waste heat boiler 8 to generate steam 10 and discharge the gas;

[0070] In step S31, the exhaust gas from the waste heat boiler 8 is cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchange gasifier 11 and then enters the carbon capture system. The gas then passes through the pretreatment tower 12, the absorption tower 13, and the desorption tower 15 in sequence. That is, the low-concentration carbon dioxide is captured and concentrated into a higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas through the alkaline washing, desulfurization, absorption, and desorption processes. The higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas then enters the carbon dioxide refining system and repeats the step S1 to convert the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide into a storage tank 32.

[0071] S32. The steam 10 generated by the waste heat boiler 8 is partially supplied to the desorption tower 15 in the carbon capture system to heat the absorbent for desorption and regeneration. The remaining steam is supplied to the steam turbine compressor unit of the carbon dioxide refining system to generate mechanical energy to drive the centrifugal compressor 20 to compress the carbon dioxide. The excess steam is used to drive the electric generator II 21 through the steam turbine to generate electricity, which is then supplied to other electrical devices in the system.

[0072] S4. When preparing chemicals and fuels, the liquid carbon dioxide in the storage tank 32 is converted into carbon dioxide gas through the pressure pump 33, the pre-cooler 27, and the heat exchange gasifier 11. The carbon dioxide gas is further converted into chemicals and fuel 37 through the carbon conversion system.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] Specifically, the device of the present invention is used to process a stream of raw gas 18 (4500 Nm 3 / h), first through the carbon dioxide refining system, the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide at the bottom of the distillation tower 31 enters the storage tank 32 for storage, and the combustible gas components separated from the top of the distillation tower 31 recover energy and return to the gas oxidation treatment power generation system before mixing with 7100Nm 3 / h natural gas is combined and can generate about 24MW of electricity through the gas turbine 5. The high-temperature exhaust gas can generate about 9MW of electricity through the waste heat boiler 8. The exhaust gas carbon dioxide is concentrated through the carbon capture system and then combined with the raw gas 18 to enter the carbon dioxide refining system. About 150,000 tons of liquid carbon dioxide is recovered annually, and further passed through the carbon conversion system 36 to produce about 100,000 tons of methanol.

[0075] The following table is a table of parameters of the raw gas in this embodiment.

[0076] Serial number Components Normal content Remark 1 <![CDATA[CO2,10 -2 (v / v)]]> 94.5 2 <![CDATA[H2O,10 -2 (v / v)]]> saturation 3 <![CDATA[N2,10 -2 (v / v)]]> 1.0 4 <![CDATA[O2,10 -2 (v / v)]]> 0.2 5 <![CDATA[CO,10 -2 (v / v)]]> 0.9 6 <![CDATA[H2,10 -2 (v / v)]]> 0.4 7 <![CDATA[CH4,10 -2 (v / v)]]> 2.5 8 <![CDATA[C2H6,10 -2 (v / v)]]> 0.5 9 <![CDATA[Gas flow rate Nm 3 / h]]> 4500 10 Gas pressure MPa(G) 0.05 11 Gas temperature ℃ ≤40

[0077] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device, comprising: Gas oxidation power generation system, heat recovery system, carbon capture system, carbon dioxide refining system, carbon dioxide gasification system, carbon conversion system and heat exchange system, characterized by: The raw gas to be processed enters the device from the carbon dioxide refining system, and the raw gas is a relatively high concentration carbon dioxide gas; The carbon dioxide refining system is used to convert high-concentration carbon dioxide gas into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and store it; The carbon dioxide refining system is connected to the gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and is used to combust the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower and storage tank in the carbon dioxide refining system through the gas turbine of the gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and recover the energy of the high-temperature gas generated by the oxidation combustion to power the electric generator and the motor; The gas oxidation power generation system and the heat recovery system are connected to the carbon capture system. The gas after combustion treatment passes through the heat recovery system and the heat exchange system and then enters the carbon capture system. The steam generated after the reaction is respectively input into the carbon capture system and the carbon dioxide refining system. The carbon capture system is connected to the carbon dioxide refining system and is used to convert the combustion-treated gas into high-concentration carbon dioxide gas, which is fed into the carbon dioxide refining system together with the raw gas; The carbon dioxide gasification system is connected to the carbon dioxide refining system and the carbon conversion system, and is used to convert the stored high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide into high-concentration carbon dioxide gas through the heat exchange system, and input it into the carbon conversion system to generate chemicals and fuels.

2. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide refining system includes a steam turbine compressor unit, a desulfurization tower, a purification tower, a precooler, a heat exchanger, a liquefier, a refrigeration system, a distillation tower and a storage tank connected in sequence. Through compression, desulfurization purification, cooling liquefaction and distillation processes, the higher concentration carbon dioxide gas is further purified and liquefied to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and stored in the storage tank.

3. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas oxidation treatment power generation system includes a gas turbine generator set, which includes a gas turbine, a compressor and an electric generator I. The compressor compresses the air and then undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together with the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower and storage tank in the carbon dioxide refining system. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the electric generator I to generate electricity.

4. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device also includes a combustible gas replenishment system, which includes a compressor and a motor. The compressor pressurizes the combustible gas and then causes an oxidation combustion reaction to occur in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together with the air compressed by the compressor and the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower and the storage tank. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the electric generator I to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is used to power the motor.

5. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The impurity gases contained in the raw gas include but are not limited to hydrogen, hydrocarbons, nitrogen, and gases containing VOCs; the combustible gas is one or more streams of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or hydrogen gas; the calorific value of the gas entering the gas turbine should meet the requirements for combustion in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.

6. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat recovery system is a waste heat boiler. The high-temperature gas exhausted by the gas turbine generates steam through the waste heat boiler, and then enters the carbon capture system and the carbon dioxide refining system; the gas exhausted from the waste heat boiler enters the heat exchange system for heat exchange and then enters the carbon capture system.

7. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The carbon capture system includes three processes: alkaline washing and desulfurization, absorption, and desorption to capture low-concentration carbon dioxide and concentrate it into higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas. The alkaline washing and desulfurization process uses a pretreatment tower, the absorption process uses an absorption tower, and the desorption process uses a desorption tower. The pretreatment tower, the absorption tower, and the desorption tower are connected in sequence. The heat of the desorption tower is provided by the steam generated by the heat recovery system. The desorption tower is connected to a bottom reboiler. The steam is heat-exchanged through the bottom reboiler to heat the absorbent to achieve desorption regeneration. The condensed water after heat exchange is transported back to the heat recovery system.

8. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide gasification system includes a pressure pump and a precooler. One side of the pressure pump is connected to the storage tank of the carbon dioxide refining system, and the other side is connected to the precooler. The precooler is connected to the heat exchange gasifier. The pressure pump is used to pressurize the stored liquid carbon dioxide to the required pressure and exchange heat with the gas discharged from the heat recovery system through the heat exchange gasifier, thereby reducing the temperature of the gas entering the carbon capture system and gasifying the liquid carbon dioxide into gas.

9. A method for comprehensive utilization of carbon capture and energy recovery, characterized in that: The method is carried out using the carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps: S1. The raw gas is pressurized by a centrifugal compressor and then enters the desulfurization tower and purification tower. After desulfurization and purification, it passes through a pre-cooler, a heat exchanger, and a liquefier in sequence before entering a distillation tower and a storage tank. Through compression, desulfurization and purification, cooling and liquefaction, and distillation, the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas is further purified and liquefied to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide, which is then stored in a storage tank. S2. The impurity-laden gas discharged from the top of the distillation tower and storage tank enters the gas turbine of the gas oxidation power generation system after passing through a heat exchanger. It undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction with the air compressed by the compressor in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the compressor to pressurize the air. The excess mechanical energy generated by the gas turbine drives the electric generator 1 to generate electricity. S3. The high-temperature gas exhausted from the gas turbine is passed through the waste heat boiler to generate steam and exhaust the gas; S31: The exhaust gas from the waste heat boiler is cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchange gasifier and then enters the carbon capture system. The gas passes through the pretreatment tower, absorption tower, and desorption tower in sequence. That is, the low-concentration carbon dioxide is captured and concentrated into a higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas through alkaline washing, desulfurization, absorption, and desorption processes. The higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas enters the carbon dioxide refining system and repeats the steps of S1 to convert the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide into a storage tank. S32. A portion of the steam generated by the waste heat boiler is supplied to the desorption tower in the carbon capture system to heat the absorbent for desorption and regeneration. The remaining portion is supplied to the steam turbine compressor unit in the carbon dioxide refining system to generate mechanical energy to drive the centrifugal compressor to compress the carbon dioxide. Excess steam can be used by the steam turbine to drive electric generator II to generate electricity, which is then supplied to other electrical equipment in the system. S4. When preparing chemicals and fuels, the liquid carbon dioxide in the storage tank is converted into carbon dioxide gas through a pressure pump, a pre-cooler, and a heat exchange vaporizer. The carbon dioxide gas is further converted into chemicals and fuels through a carbon conversion system.

10. The carbon capture, comprehensive utilization and energy recovery method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, when the combustion value of the gas entering the gas turbine does not meet the combustion requirements in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, combustible gas is introduced for supplementation. The pressurized combustible gas undergoes an oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together with the air compressed by the compressor and the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the distillation tower and the storage tank. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the electric generator I to generate electricity. The generated electricity is used to power the motor, and the excess electricity is provided to other electrical equipment in the system.

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