Multifunctional explosion test device and test method based on gravity ballistic pendulum method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an explosion test device and test method based on a gravity ballistic pendulum method. The device structure of the invention mainly includes a complete frame, a pendulum, an energy storage spring, a counterweight, an explosion box and a displacement sensor; the complete frame includes a top plate, a top plate support, an intermediate receiving platform, a bottom plate support and a bottom plate; the pendulum includes a hammer head, four support rods and a top plate, and the hammer head and the top plate are connected by support rods. When installing the pendulum, a gasket is required, and the gasket is installed between the top plate and the intermediate receiving platform of the complete frame; the energy storage spring is installed at the boundary of the circular boss on the lower end surface of the top plate; the counterweight is installed on the top plate of the pendulum; the explosion box is installed at the center of the bottom plate; and the displacement sensor for basic applications is installed in a box body on the lower end surface of the top plate. The present invention adopts an innovative gravity pendulum explosion test method combined with damping energy measurement to simulate actual explosion conditions in an open environment and complete corresponding data measurement, thereby evaluating the impact of explosion shock on the service safety performance of materials and structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of explosion measurement, and in particular relates to a multifunctional explosion testing device and a testing method based on a gravity ballistic pendulum method. Background Art

[0002] In the real world of battlefields, explosive loads are often accompanied by significant structural damage and personal injury. Based on the propagation medium of the blast wave, explosive loads can be categorized into several types: airborne, underwater, and rock blasts. Rock blasts, depending on the placement of explosives such as mines or dynamite and the morphology of the blast crater, can be further categorized into surface, shallow, deep, and underground blasts. Currently, the greatest threat to wartime equipment and personnel is shallow explosive detonation loading. Shallow blasts induce a series of complex loading phenomena on protective structures. For example, when an explosion occurs in soil, the associated impact load transfer process is more complex than in air blasts, as soil is a mixture of solids, liquids, and gases.

[0003] Currently, explosion testing of shallow-buried explosives relies primarily on experimental methods. Shallow mine surrogate blast loading is a relatively common method for testing the power of shallow-buried explosives. Shallow mine surrogate blasting involves placing explosives at a specified depth at the corresponding position below the target plate. Simulated media such as sand and gravel are then covered over the explosives, and the loading process is completed through the shock wave generated by the explosives and the high-speed ejection of sand and soil. Experimental measurement methods can directly obtain physical quantities such as pressure, stress, and displacement generated during the explosion, providing intuitive evidence for studying the effects of explosions. However, the acquisition and analysis of experimental data place high demands on the design of the test equipment. Traditional explosion test equipment often suffers from problems such as insufficient data acquisition accuracy, slow response speed, and limited measurement range.

[0004] Explosion testing using a ballistic pendulum is an effective method for evaluating the effects of an explosion by measuring the momentum and energy generated. This method involves suspending a pendulum of known mass, causing it to swing due to the explosive force. The pendulum's displacement is then measured to calculate the explosive energy and momentum. The working capacity of a given mass of industrial explosive is evaluated by measuring the swing angle of the mortar and converting it into total mechanical energy. This testing principle is similar to the way industrial explosives affect the blasting medium during actual use, making it more realistic for blasting.

[0005] Currently, the ballistic pendulum as a method for explosion testing still has several flaws and shortcomings. First, it struggles to capture instantaneous physical quantities, such as velocity and acceleration at the moment of explosion, which limits the accuracy of time-domain analysis. Second, the ballistic pendulum's limited dynamic measurement range makes it difficult to measure extremely high-energy explosions, potentially leading to inaccurate data. Data acquisition and processing are complex and prone to errors. Furthermore, the equipment is sensitive to the environment, and the measurement direction and mode are less suitable for shallow and underground explosions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the challenges of traditional explosion testing devices, such as insufficient data acquisition accuracy and slow response speed, and the unsuitability of known ballistic pendulum explosion testing devices for shallow-burial explosions, this paper proposes a multifunctional explosion testing device and testing method based on a gravity ballistic pendulum method. This device can independently test and evaluate the impact of shallow-burial explosions on the service safety performance of materials and structures in a variety of open environments.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A multifunctional explosion test device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method, comprising a complete frame, a gravity pendulum, an energy storage spring, a counterweight and an explosion box;

[0009] The whole frame includes a top plate, an intermediate receiving platform and a bottom plate arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The top plate and the intermediate receiving platform are connected together by a number of top plate pillars, and the intermediate receiving platform and the bottom plate are connected together by a number of bottom plate pillars.

[0010] The gravity pendulum is arranged on the middle receiving platform, the bottom of which passes through the middle receiving platform and can move up and down along the middle receiving platform. The counterweight is arranged above the gravity pendulum, the top of the energy storage spring is connected to the center of the bottom of the top plate, and a displacement sensor is also arranged at the center of the bottom of the top plate.

[0011] The explosion box is set on the bottom plate, and the explosion box is used to fill impact protection materials and explosives. An impact medium is set above the explosives to carry out explosion occurrence and explosion testing.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that the gravity pendulum includes a hammer head, a support rod and a top plate, the hammer head and the top plate are connected together by four support rods, the top plate is arranged on the middle receiving platform, the support rod passes through the middle receiving platform, and can move up and down along the middle receiving platform.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the hammer head is a square plate, the support rods are four cylindrical rods, and the top plate is a circular plate.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that a gasket is provided between the top plate and the middle receiving platform.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that a target plate is provided at the bottom of the hammer head.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that the counterweight is a cylindrical block.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that a circular boss is provided at the bottom of the top plate for connecting to the energy storage spring, and a box is provided in the middle of the circular boss for installing the displacement sensor.

[0018] A further improvement of the present invention is that eight exhaust holes are provided on the side of the explosion box to help release pressure during the measurement of the explosion impact and simulate actual working conditions.

[0019] A further improvement of the present invention is that the impact protection material is filled in the explosion box, the lowest position of the upper surface of the impact protection material is higher than half the box height of the explosion box and lower than the exhaust hole, and at the same time, the installation of the explosive ensures that the end faces of the explosive other than the upper end face are wrapped by the protection material.

[0020] A multifunctional explosion testing method based on a gravity ballistic pendulum method, the method being based on the multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method, comprising:

[0021] After the explosive box and its contents are prepared, the explosives are detonated, generating a shockwave that first acts on the impact medium. This shockwave then primarily acts on the gravity pendulum, which gains an upward impulse and initial velocity in the direction of gravity. The pendulum and the counterweight move upward together. The maximum vertical displacement of the counterweight's upper end face is directly measured by a displacement sensor.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] The practical application of the device of the present invention is applicable to various impact conditions and the study of the impact on various target materials. The impact occurs within the explosion box and acts on the pendulum base through the open outlet at the upper end of the box. After the impact, the pendulum, constrained by the overall frame, obtains an initial impulse and initial velocity upward along the direction of gravity. When the impact is small, the pendulum pushes the counterweight upward for a distance without contacting the energy storage spring. When the impact is large, the rising distance of the pendulum and the counterweight becomes longer, and the energy storage spring is compressed during the upward movement. In the experiment, test instruments and equipment such as velocity sensors, high-speed cameras, force sensors, and displacement sensors will be used to measure key evaluation data such as the initial velocity of the pendulum, initial load and energy, deformation and energy absorption of the tested materials and structures.

[0024] The present invention can further carry out innovative design based on the above-mentioned device: first, the explosion box is modified, and the protective medium, explosives and impact medium in the explosion box are replaced with corresponding materials under different working conditions, so as to realize the measurement and research of different impact effects under different working conditions.

[0025] The second is to make the pendulum setting more diversified and multi-directional. By adopting multiple pendulums distributed in multiple directions and using a comprehensive method of damping and gravity to measure the impact effect, a more comprehensive and accurate comprehensive measurement of multi-directional impact effects can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is the overall positive triaxial drawing of the device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion box;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the entire frame. Figure 4 (a) and (b) are the disassembly diagrams of the middle receiving platform and the top plate, respectively. Figure 4 (c) and (d) are the disassembly diagrams of the intermediate receiving platform and the bottom plate, respectively;

[0030] Figure 5 (a)-(c) are schematic diagrams of the pendulum, counterweight, and gasket, respectively;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the pendulum assembly;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of spring and top plate;

[0033] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a displacement sensor;

[0034] Figure 9 It is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the device for assembling the target plate;

[0035] Figure 10 This is an example diagram of explosives;

[0036] Figure 11 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of ranging;

[0037] Figure 12 (a)-(d) are schematic diagrams of various target plates.

[0038] In the attached figure:

[0039] 1. Top plate; 2. Top plate support; 3. Intermediate receiving platform; 4. Bottom plate support; 5. Bottom plate; 6. Explosion box; 7. Gravity pendulum; 8. Gasket; 9. Counterweight; 10. Energy storage spring; 11. Displacement sensor; 12. Explosive; 13. Protective material; 14. Target plate; 15. Impact medium; 16. Explosive fixing material; 17. Explosive material; 18. Impact bottom plate; 19. Bracket

[0040] 101, top plate blind hole, 301, first platform through hole, 302, platform blind hole, 303, second platform through hole, 501, bottom plate through hole, 601, exhaust hole, 801, gasket through hole, 901, counterweight through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0043] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0045] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0046] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present specification are only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the present specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0047] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present description and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0048] The accompanying drawings illustrate various schematic diagrams of structures according to embodiments disclosed herein. These figures are not drawn to scale; for clarity, some details are exaggerated and some details may be omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the figures, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Those skilled in the art may design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0049] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method provided by the present invention includes a complete frame 1-5, an explosion box 6, a gravity pendulum 7, a gasket 8, a counterweight 9 and an energy storage spring 10.

[0051] like Figure 2The figure shows a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention. The top and bottom support pillars 2 and 4 are simplified. The top plate 1 and the intermediate receiving platform 3 are simplified to fixed support ends. The bottom plate 5 is considered an infinitely thick rigid platform with a flat top, supporting the entire test equipment and bearing the explosion. This platform can generally be implemented by combining the bottom plate and a rigid floor. The impact protection material 13 is filled within the explosion chamber 6. Both the explosion chamber 6 and the bottom end of the impact protection material 13 are in direct contact with the infinitely thick platform 5. The lowest point of the top surface of the impact protection material 13 should be higher than half the height of the explosion chamber 6, but not exceed the height of the chamber vent 601. Furthermore, the protection material 13 should cover all ends of the explosive 12 except the top end. The explosive 12 generally consists of an explosive and a shock medium. The explosion propels the shock medium, applying an impact to the hammer end of the gravity pendulum, achieving energy transfer and subsequent measurement. Due to length limitations, the gravity pendulum 7 is simplified here to consist of a hammer end and a top plate, connected by four cylindrical support rods. Four support rods pass through four through-holes in the intermediate receiving platform 3, with a clearance fit between the support rods and the first platform through-holes 301. A gasket 8 is positioned between the top plate and the intermediate receiving platform 3, with a clearance fit between the support rods and the gasket through-holes 801 in the gasket 8. A counterweight 9 rests on the top plate of the pendulum 7. A circular boss is formed on the lower end surface of the frame top plate 1 for connecting to an energy storage spring 10. A box is positioned between the circular bosses for mounting a displacement sensor 11.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the explosion box 6 has eight through holes on the side of the box, which are exhaust holes 601. They are used to help release pressure during the measurement of the explosion impact, simulate actual working conditions, protect the integrity of the device, and reduce the damage to the explosion box caused by the side effects of the impact. The explosion box 6 is installed on the base plate 5, and the installation position is concentric with the base plate through hole 501 of the base plate 5. The interior of the explosion box 6 is filled with impact protection material 13 and explosive 12. The impact protection material 13 is filled in an appropriate amount to avoid overflowing the exhaust hole 601. At the same time, the installation of the explosive 12 needs to ensure that the end faces of the explosive other than the upper end face are wrapped by the protective material 13. The installation posture of the explosive 12 ensures that the impact interface is as horizontal as possible, and the impact center coincides with the horizontal projection of the hammer center, so that the measured data is accurate and effective, and the test device operates normally.

[0053] like Figure 4 The figure below shows the disassembly diagram of the whole frame. Figure 4(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of the disassembly of the top plate 1 and the intermediate receiving platform 3, respectively. The lower ends of the four top plate pillars 2 are vertically installed on the intermediate receiving platform 3, and the upper ends of the top plate pillars 2 are connected with the four top plate blind holes 101 on the lower end surface of the top plate 1. The central circular boss of the top plate 1 is used to position and install the energy storage spring 10. A square box is set in the center of the circular boss for connecting the displacement sensor 11. In the process of connecting and fixing the top plate 1 and the intermediate receiving platform 3, it is ensured that the center of the circular boss of the top plate 1 and the geometric center of the intermediate receiving platform 3 coincide in the horizontal projection. During the impact measurement process, the geometric centers of the energy storage spring 10 and the gravity pendulum 7 are aligned, so that the test process is carried out safely and the measurement data is accurate and valid. Figure 4 (d) and (d) are schematic diagrams of the disassembly of the intermediate receiving platform 3 and the base plate 5, respectively. The lower ends of the four base plate supports 4 are vertically mounted on the base plate 5, and the upper ends of the base plate supports 4 are connected to the four platform blind holes 302 on the intermediate receiving platform 3. The lower end of the intermediate receiving platform 3 is provided with another disc platform separated from the platform. The platform is provided with four second platform through-holes 303, which correspond to the positions of the horizontal cross-section circles of the four cylindrical support rods of the gravity pendulum 7. The disc platform and the intermediate receiving platform are connected by multiple ribs. A circular base plate through-hole 501 is provided in the center of the base plate for placing the explosion box 6.

[0054] like Figure 5 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a gravity pendulum 7, a gasket 8, and a counterweight 9. The pendulum 7 mainly consists of three parts: a hammer head, support rods, and a top plate. The hammer head is a square plate, the support rods are four cylindrical rods, and the top plate is a circular plate. The hammer head and the top plate are connected by four support rods. The gasket is a circular plate with four gasket through-holes 801 in the middle. It cooperates with the four support rods and is assembled between the intermediate receiving platform 3 and the top plate to act as a buffer when the pendulum rebounds. The counterweight 9 is a cylindrical block with four counterweight through-holes 901 on the upper end surface. These are used to fix the horizontal position of the counterweight 9 installed on the top plate and ensure that the geometric center of the counterweight coincides with the horizontal projection of the geometric center of the pendulum.

[0055] like Figure 6 The figure shows a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the pendulum assembly. The pendulum assembly schematic diagram is divided into four parts, namely the intermediate receiving platform 3, the gravity pendulum 7, the gasket 8, and the counterweight 9. The four first platform through holes 301 of the intermediate receiving platform 3 are used as a reference for assembly. First, place the gasket 8 on the intermediate receiving platform 3 so that the first platform through hole 301 and the gasket through hole 801 are concentrically matched. Then install the pendulum 7, and the four support rods pass through the first platform through hole 301 on the intermediate receiving platform 3 and the gasket through hole 801 on the gasket 8 respectively, and the lower end surface of the top plate contacts the gasket. Finally, install the counterweight 9 and place it on the top plate. The counterweight through hole 901 matches the circular boss on the top plate to ensure that the geometric centers of the components of the overall installation are coaxial in the vertical direction.

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it is the assembly diagram of the spring and the top plate, which is divided into three parts, including the top plate 1, the energy storage spring 10 and the displacement sensor 11. The top plate 1 is simplified to fixed supports at both ends, and the circular boss at the lower end is connected to the spring 10. There is a box body in the center of the circular boss for connecting Figure 8 The displacement sensor 11 is shown.

[0057] Next, based on the above device, the preparation of explosives and explosion boxes, the assembly of test equipment, the occurrence of explosions and the explosion test process are discussed:

[0058] like Figure 10 As shown, it is an example of the composition of the explosive 12. Based on the impact base plate 18, the explosion layer is composed of explosive material 17 and explosive fixing material 16, which can be used to simulate the arrangement of explosives under actual working conditions, ensure that the explosion shock propagates to the correct direction, and is received by the test pendulum. An impact medium 15 is set at the upper end of the explosion layer to simulate the explosion effect under actual working conditions, increase the measurability of the impact effect caused by the explosion, and be closer to the actual explosion scene. The preparation of the explosion box mainly includes the installation of the box 6, the filling of the protective material 13 and the positioning and installation of the explosive 12. First, the explosion box 6 is installed in the center of the base plate, the upper and lower end faces of the box are open, and the bottom face is directly in contact with the flat rigid interface; then, an appropriate amount of explosion protective material 13 is filled to avoid overflow of the exhaust hole 601. As shown Figure 9 As shown, before filling the explosive protection material, the explosive bracket 19 is installed as needed. The installation position is located at the center of the explosion box 6, which is also the center of the plane of the bottom plate 5. The protective material 13 is initially filled to avoid exceeding the upper end surface of the bracket 19 top plate. After the explosive 12 is installed on the bracket 19, the protective material 13 is filled again to cover the explosive as much as possible.

[0059] After the explosion box 6 and the explosive 12 are prepared, the entire test device is installed based on the base plate 5. First, four base plate pillars 4 are installed at the four corners of the base plate, and the middle receiving platform 3 is installed on the upper end of the pillars. Figure 4 (a) As shown. After the installation of the intermediate receiving platform 3 is completed, Figure 6 As shown, install pendulum 7, gasket 8, and counterweight 9. First, install gasket 8 on intermediate receiving platform 3, ensuring that first platform through-hole 301 and gasket through-hole 801 align concentrically. Then, install pendulum 7, and insert the four support rods through first platform through-hole 301 on intermediate receiving platform 3 and gasket through-hole 801 on gasket 8, respectively, so that the lower end surface of the top plate contacts the gasket. Finally, install counterweight 9, placing it on the top plate, with counterweight through-hole 901 mating with circular boss 701 on the top plate.

[0060] After the pendulum body is assembled, the spring energy storage device is installed based on the middle receiving platform 3. Four top plate pillars 2 are installed on the platform 3, and the top plate 1 is installed on the top of the pillars. The energy storage spring is installed on the lower end of the top plate 1, and the displacement sensor 11 is installed in the box body of the circular boss on the end face.

[0061] The test explosion process of the present invention is as follows: the explosive 12 in the explosion box 6 is detonated, generating an impact, which first acts on the impact medium 15, and then mainly acts on the gravity pendulum 7 by the impact medium 15. The gravity pendulum 7 obtains an upward impulse and initial velocity along the direction of gravity, and the gravity pendulum 7 and the counterweight 9 move upward together. The maximum vertical displacement of the upper end surface of the counterweight 9 is directly measured by the displacement sensor. Figure 12 and principle overview to complete the further introduction.

[0062] In the initial state, the distance from the upper end surface of the counterweight to the sensor is h0. When the counterweight and the pendulum rise to the maximum height, the distance from the upper end surface of the counterweight to the sensor is h1. The known length of the spring is L.

[0063] Maximum pendulum displacement: h2 = h0 - h1;

[0064] In the initial state, the distance from the upper end surface of the counterweight to the end surface of the spring in the free state is: h3 = h0-L;

[0065] When h2≤h3, the impact on the pendulum is not enough to push the counterweight to contact the spring. According to the law of conservation of energy (ignoring the effects of friction and spring mass), the initial kinetic energy obtained by the pendulum during the impact is eventually converted into the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum and the counterweight:

[0066]

[0067] Where: m is the total mass of the pendulum and the counterweight;

[0068] v0 - the initial velocity of the pendulum after impact;

[0069] g--acceleration due to gravity;

[0070] I0--The initial impulse obtained by the pendulum and the counterweight;

[0071] When h2>h3, the impact on the pendulum causes it to push the counterweight to compress the spring. According to the law of conservation of energy (ignoring the effects of friction and spring mass), the initial kinetic energy obtained by the pendulum during the impact is eventually converted into the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum and counterweight and the deformation potential energy of the spring:

[0072]

[0073] Where: k—spring stiffness coefficient;

[0074] In summary, the initial impulses of the pendulum and counterweight obtained by impact under different impact conditions can be obtained to evaluate the impact power generated by the explosion.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] like Figure 1 The figure shows an explosion test device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method. Through the above test method, the present invention can be used for explosion tests under various working conditions, complete the quantitative measurement of the explosion impact effect, and evaluate the impact effect under simulated actual working conditions; by changing the contents of the explosion box, or replacing it with an impact generating container under different working conditions, the measurement and research of the impact effect under different conditions can be achieved.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] like Figure 12 As shown, impact target plates with different structures can be used to study the effects of different types of impact on target plates with different structures or materials under different working conditions.

[0079] like Figure 9 As shown, the target plate 14 is connected to the hammer of the gravity pendulum 7. When an impact is generated, it first acts on the target plate, which then moves upward along with the pendulum. By measuring the effective pendulum displacement, the initial impulse of the target plate, pendulum, and counterweight can be obtained, allowing the impact resistance of target plates of different structures and materials to be evaluated under a given impact.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] The present invention can be used to test the effects of different types of impact under different working conditions, as well as the structural and safety performance of target plates with different structures or materials subjected to different types of impact under different working conditions. To further expand the range of the test device, the mass of the counterweight can be changed, and energy storage springs of different sizes and stiffnesses can be replaced. Furthermore, different energy storage devices can be used to replace the springs for testing.

[0082] At the same time, the self-contained frame of the present invention is relatively open and has a regular shape, which provides good use conditions for measuring instruments such as velocity sensors and acceleration sensors.

[0083] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all points of view, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

[0084] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification describes the embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This description is for clarity only. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes made based on the technical solution in accordance with the technical concept proposed by the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional explosion test device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method, characterized in that: It comprises a complete frame, a gravity pendulum (7), an energy storage spring (10), a counterweight (9) and an explosion box (6); The assembled frame comprises a top plate (1), an intermediate receiving platform (3) and a bottom plate (5) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The top plate (1) and the intermediate receiving platform (3) are connected together via a plurality of top plate pillars (2), and the intermediate receiving platform (3) and the bottom plate (5) are connected together via a plurality of bottom plate pillars (4). The gravity pendulum (7) is arranged on the middle receiving platform (3), the bottom of which passes through the middle receiving platform (3) and can move up and down along the middle receiving platform (3); the counterweight (9) is arranged above the gravity pendulum (7); the top of the energy storage spring (10) is connected to the center of the bottom of the top plate (1); and a displacement sensor (11) is also arranged at the center of the bottom of the top plate (1); The explosion box (6) is arranged on the bottom plate (5), and the explosion box (6) is used to be filled with impact protection material (13) and explosive (12). An impact medium (15) is arranged above the explosive (12) to perform explosion generation and explosion testing; The explosion box (6) is provided with eight exhaust holes on its side for relieving pressure and simulating actual working conditions during the measurement of explosion shock. An impact protection material (13) is filled in the explosion box (6). The lowest position of the upper surface of the impact protection material (13) is higher than half the height of the explosion box (6) and lower than the exhaust holes. At the same time, the installation of the explosive (12) ensures that the end surfaces of the explosive other than the upper end surface are wrapped by the protection material (13).

2. The multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gravity pendulum (7) comprises a hammer head, support rods and a top plate, wherein the hammer head and the top plate are connected together by four support rods, the top plate is arranged on the middle receiving platform (3), and the support rods pass through the middle receiving platform (3) and can move up and down along the middle receiving platform (3).

3. The multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hammer head is a square plate, the supporting rods are four cylindrical rods, and the top plate is a circular plate.

4. The multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A gasket (8) is also provided between the top plate and the middle receiving platform (3).

5. The multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the hammer head is provided with a target plate (14).

6. The multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight (9) is a cylindrical block.

7. The multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular boss is provided at the bottom of the top plate (1) for connecting to an energy storage spring (10), and a box is provided in the middle of the circular boss for installing a displacement sensor (11).

8. A multifunctional explosion test method based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method, characterized in that: The method is based on the multifunctional explosion testing device based on the gravity ballistic pendulum method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: After the explosive box (6) and the explosive (12) are prepared, the explosive (12) in the explosive box (6) is detonated, generating an impact, which first acts on the impact medium (15), and then mainly acts on the gravity pendulum (7) by the impact medium (15). The gravity pendulum obtains an upward impulse and initial velocity along the direction of gravity, and the gravity pendulum (7) and the counterweight (9) move upward together; the maximum displacement of the upper end surface of the counterweight (9) in the vertical direction is directly measured by the displacement sensor.

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