Water level regulation and control method, device, equipment and medium for wetland overwintering waterfowl habitat

Abstract

The invention discloses a water level regulation and control method, device and equipment for a wetland overwintering waterfowl habitat and a medium, and relates to the field of wetland habitat regulation and control. The method comprises the following steps: dividing a wetland beach where the overwintering waterfowl overwintering is located into a plurality of elevation zones; collecting the number of overwintering waterfowls in the wetland beach, selecting years corresponding to a preset number of overwintering waterfowls according to the sequence of the overwintering waterfowls from large to small, and counting the time period when each elevation zone begins to expose in the preset number of years; according to the overwintering waterfowl population quantity dynamic change curve, the wetland beach plant growth curve and the water level fluctuation and elevation zone exposure process curve, by taking maximization of the available duration of the overwintering waterfowl suitable habitat as a target, adjusting the exposure starting time period of each elevation zone, and obtaining the optimal exposure time window of each elevation zone; and the water level of the wetland beach is monitored, regulated and controlled in real time so as to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window. The waterfowl habitat can be precisely regulated and controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wetland habitat regulation, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and medium for regulating the water level of a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat. Background Art

[0002] Wetlands are one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth, with important ecological functions and environmental benefits. They are also important habitats for wintering waterfowl. Wetland plants are important food resources and key habitat conditions for wintering waterfowl. The water level drawdown process in autumn and winter directly affects the growth and development of wetland plants, which in turn determines the suitability of the habitat for waterfowl.

[0003] Most existing technologies are based on remote sensing to interpret various habitat patterns, and use measured data to analyze the suitable habitat area corresponding to different water levels. However, they fail to fully consider the dynamic relationship between water level fluctuations-plant growth-migratory bird migration, and therefore cannot accurately regulate water bird habitats. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, device, equipment and medium for regulating the water level of a wetland wintering waterbird habitat, which can accurately regulate the waterbird habitat.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a method for regulating the water level of a wetland wintering waterbird habitat, comprising: dividing the wetland beach where the wintering waterbirds are distributed into a plurality of elevation zones according to the elevation gradient; collecting the number of wintering waterbirds that winter on the wetland beach during the wintering period each year before and after the operation of the sluice gate upstream of the wetland beach; selecting the years corresponding to a preset number of wintering waterbirds in descending order of the number of wintering waterbirds, and counting the time periods when each elevation zone begins to emerge within the preset number of years; establishing the dynamic change curve of the wintering waterbird population and the wetland beach respectively. The plant growth curve of the wetland beach and the water level drawdown and exposure process curve of each elevation zone; according to the dynamic change curve of the overwintering waterbird population, the plant growth curve of the wetland beach and the water level drawdown and exposure process curve of each elevation zone, with the goal of maximizing the available time of suitable habitats for overwintering waterbirds, adjust the time period for the beginning of exposure of each elevation zone, and determine the adjusted time period for the beginning of exposure of each elevation zone as the optimal time window for exposure of each elevation zone; monitor and adjust the water level of the wetland beach in real time to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

[0007] In the second aspect, the present application provides a water level control device for wetland overwintering waterbird habitats, including: an island and beach division module, a waterbird number collection module, an exposure time statistics module, a curve establishment module, an optimal time determination module and a water level control module. The island and beach division module is used to divide the wetland islands and beaches where overwintering waterbirds are distributed into multiple elevation zones according to the elevation gradient. The waterbird number collection module is used to collect the number of overwintering waterbirds overwintering on the wetland islands and beaches during the wintering period each year before and after the operation of the dam upstream of the wetland islands and beaches. The exposure time statistics module is used to select the years corresponding to the preset number of overwintering waterbirds in the order of the number of overwintering waterbirds from large to small, and to count the time periods when each elevation zone begins to emerge within the preset number of years. The curve establishment module is used to establish the dynamic change curve of the overwintering waterbird population, the wetland island and beach plant growth curve, and the water level drawdown and exposure process curve of each elevation zone. The optimal time determination module is used to adjust the time period for each elevation zone to begin to emerge based on the dynamic change curve of the wintering waterfowl population migration, the wetland beach plant growth curve, and the water level fluctuation and exposure process curve of each elevation zone, with the goal of maximizing the available time of the suitable habitat for wintering waterfowl, and determine the adjusted time period for each elevation zone to begin to emerge as the optimal time window for the emergence of each elevation zone. The water level control module is used to monitor and control the water level of the wetland beach in real time to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

[0008] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the above-described methods for controlling water level in a wetland wintering waterbird habitat.

[0009] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-described methods for regulating water level in a wetland wintering waterbird habitat.

[0010] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application discloses the following technical effects:

[0011] The present application provides a method, device, equipment and medium for regulating the water level of wetland wintering waterfowl habitats, divides wetland beaches into multiple elevation zones according to elevation, combines the dynamic change curve of wintering waterfowl population, the growth curve of wetland beach plants, and the water level decline and exposure process curve of each elevation zone, with the goal of maximizing the available time of suitable habitats for wintering waterfowl, and determines that beaches in different elevation zones have different optimal exposure time windows. This refined classification of exposure time makes water level regulation more scientific and effective, thereby accurately regulating waterfowl habitats, ensuring that wintering waterfowl are provided with the best habitat conditions during the time period when they need food and habitats the most, and improving the adaptability and stability of wetland ecosystems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for regulating water level in a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat in one embodiment of the present application.

[0014] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0016] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0017] The migration of wintering waterfowl has obvious spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics. In terms of time, it can be divided into three stages: arrival-peak-migration; in terms of space, wintering waterfowl are distributed on wetland beaches where herbaceous plants grow, feeding on young leaves with a growth period of 15-30 days. The area where new young leaves appear will become the concentrated distribution area of ​​geese. Therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution dynamics of wintering waterfowl in the wintering grounds mainly depends on the growth dynamics of plants (such as moss). If the growth time is less than 15 days, food resources are scarce, and the biomass cannot meet the feeding needs of wintering waterfowl; if the growth time exceeds 30 days, the leaves of the plants age rapidly, and the wintering waterfowl cannot feed. Moreover, if the growth time is too long, the density will increase, and the wintering waterfowl will have no place to "land". Therefore, if the water level drops too quickly, the wetland beaches will be exposed too early, and when the wintering waterfowl arrive, the plant growth time will be too long and it will not be suitable for foraging; if the water level drops too slowly, the wetland beaches will be exposed late, and when the wintering waterfowl arrive, the plant growth will not be sufficient and the food will not be sufficient.

[0018] For wetlands distributed downstream of the reservoir, in order to ensure that the plant growth rhythm meets the wintering feeding needs of overwintering water birds, it is necessary to scientifically regulate the water level drawdown process in autumn and winter and establish a relationship chain of hydrological rhythm-shoal exposure rhythm-plant growth rhythm-wintering water bird migration rhythm.

[0019] In order to protect the ecosystem of the wetland nature reserve, especially the habitat of wintering waterfowl, in an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a method for regulating water level in a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat, including the following steps 101 to 106.

[0020] Step 101: Divide the wetland beaches where wintering waterfowl are distributed into multiple elevation zones based on elevation gradients.

[0021] Step 102: During the wintering period each year before and after the operation of the upstream dam on the wetland beach, the number of wintering water birds on the wetland beach is collected.

[0022] Step 103: Select the year corresponding to the preset number of wintering water birds in descending order of the number of wintering water birds, and count the time period when each elevation zone begins to emerge in the preset number of years.

[0023] Step 104: Establish the dynamic change curve of wintering water bird population, the growth curve of wetland beach plants, and the curve of water level drawdown and exposure process of each elevation zone.

[0024] Step 105: Based on the dynamic change curve of the wintering waterfowl population, the wetland beach plant growth curve, and the water level drawdown and exposure process curve of each elevation zone, with the goal of maximizing the available duration of suitable habitats for wintering waterfowl, adjust the time period for the emergence of each elevation zone, and determine the adjusted time period for the emergence of each elevation zone as the optimal time window for the exposure of each elevation zone.

[0025] Step 106: Monitor and regulate the water level of the wetland beach in real time to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

[0026] By implementing the above steps 101 to 106, the refined classification of exposure time makes water level regulation more scientific and effective, thereby accurately regulating the habitat of water birds, ensuring that the best habitat conditions are provided for wintering water birds during the time period when they most need food and habitat, thereby improving the adaptability and stability of the wetland ecosystem.

[0027] This application achieves the suitability of wintering waterbird habitats, the stability of wetland ecosystems and the maximization of habitat utilization time through scientific and precise water level control methods. Among them, the suitability of wintering waterbird habitats refers to providing suitable habitat conditions for wintering waterbirds, including sufficient food resources and safe habitats. The stability of wetland ecosystems refers to maintaining the hydrological rhythm of wetlands, reducing the impact of sudden water level changes on ecosystems, and maintaining the balance and stability of wetland ecosystems. Maximizing the duration of habitat utilization refers to maximizing the available time of suitable habitats to ensure that wintering waterbirds have the best habitat conditions during critical periods.

[0028] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data, the elevation distribution of the wetland shoals is statistically analyzed and divided into high-level shoals, middle-level shoals and low-level shoals. Then the multiple elevation zones in the above step 101 include: high-level shoals, middle-level shoals and low-level shoals, and the elevations of the high-level shoals, middle-level shoals and low-level shoals decrease in sequence. Exemplarily, the elevation of the high-level shoals is 11m to 12m, the elevation of the middle-level shoals is 10m to 11m, and the elevation of the low-level shoals is 9m to 10m.

[0029] Analysis of the response of wintering waterfowl populations to habitats shows that the more the emergence rhythm of beach and reef matches the migration rhythm of wintering waterfowl, the more wintering waterfowl will overwinter in wetland beaches. Based on this, the optimal emergence time of wetland beaches suitable for wintering waterfowl habitats can be determined. Therefore, in another exemplary embodiment of the present application, step 102 uses the dam operation time as the boundary, and defines the time periods before and after the dam operation as D and D respectively. 前 and D 后 , collect D 前 and D 后The number of wintering waterbirds on wetland beaches. 前 and D 后 All include multiple years. This is a dam that controls the upstream of the wetland beach. Step 103 selects D 前 and D 后 The time period with the largest number of wintering waterfowl in the two time periods is selected, and the three years with the largest number of wintering waterfowl in the selected time periods are selected, and the time periods when the three elevation zones begin to emerge in the three years are counted. Step 104 respectively establishes the dynamic change curve of the wintering waterfowl population, the growth curve of wetland beach plants, and the curve of water level drawdown and the emergence process of each elevation zone. According to the time period obtained in step 103 and the curve established in step 104, the detailed process of step 105 determining the optimal time window for the emergence of each elevation zone can be the following steps 201 to 204.

[0030] Step 201: Divide the wintering waterfowl population dynamic change curve into an arrival period, a peak period and a departure period in chronological order.

[0031] Step 202: Determine the growth period of wetland beach plants suitable for wintering waterfowl based on the wetland beach plant growth curve.

[0032] Step 203: The feeding growth period is calculated backwards from the arrival period, the peak period and the departure period to obtain three periods when the wetland beach plants begin to grow.

[0033] Step 204: According to the three periods when wetland beach plants begin to grow, with the goal of maximizing the available time of suitable habitats for overwintering waterfowl, the time periods when each elevation zone begins to emerge are adjusted to obtain the optimal time window for emergence of each elevation zone.

[0034] It can be seen that in order to ensure that the wintering waterfowl have suitable foraging areas throughout the wintering period, the overall idea of ​​steps 201 to 204 is: based on the established goose population dynamic change process curve, plant growth process curve, water level drawdown and beach exposure process curve, from the arrival date of the wintering waterfowl, the suitable beach exposure process is reversed in order from large to small according to the beach elevation gradient.

[0035] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, when the plurality of elevation zones include: a high-level shoal, a middle-level shoal and a low-level shoal, the optimum time window for the exposure of the high-level shoal is: mid-September; the optimum time window for the exposure of the middle-level shoal is: mid-October; the optimum time window for the exposure of the low-level shoal is: mid-November. Based on the natural days of the year, September 15 in mid-September is the 258th natural day of the year.

[0036] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, in order to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window, it can be achieved by water level regulation. Then the above step 106 can be replaced by the following steps 301 to 302:

[0037] Step 301: Monitor the water level of the wetland beach in real time.

[0038] Step 302: Regulate the storage and discharge of the dam upstream of the wetland beach according to the real-time water level to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

[0039] The specific process of water level regulation by water level rise caused by rainfall is as follows: real-time monitoring of the water level of the wetland beach and the rainfall of the wetland beach. Real-time information on upstream water discharge of the wetland beach is obtained through the remote monitoring system. When the monitored rainfall is greater than the precipitation threshold, the rainfall level of the wetland beach is determined to be heavy rain. If the water level of the wetland beach rises due to heavy rain, or due to upstream water discharge, the emergency storage measures are initiated to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

[0040] Among them, high-precision water level sensors can be used to monitor the water level changes of wetlands in real time, and rain gauges can be used to monitor the rainfall in wetlands in real time. High-precision water level sensors ensure the accuracy and timeliness of data, are more reliable than traditional manual monitoring and low-precision sensor technology, and can more accurately reflect the actual situation of wetlands.

[0041] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, in order to implement an extreme scenario plan, after the above step 106, the method may further include steps 401 and 402.

[0042] Step 401: Assuming that extreme flood and drought events will occur in the wetland beach in the future, predict the suitable habitat area of ​​the wetland beach after water level regulation.

[0043] Step 402: If the area of ​​the suitable habitat cannot match the number of wintering waterfowl, an alternative habitat is arranged, and crops that meet the foraging needs of the wintering waterfowl are planted in the alternative habitat.

[0044] By reserving, expanding or adding such artificial wetlands as foraging habitats for wintering migratory birds such as geese, and planting crops such as lotus roots and water chestnuts, we can provide wintering migratory birds with a safe and stable food source to cope with the impact of extreme climatic conditions on wintering migratory bird populations and changes in their habitats.

[0045] In the above step 401, the specific implementation method of predicting the suitable habitat area of ​​the wetland beach after water level regulation is as shown in steps 501 to 505.

[0046] Step 501: Initialize the environmental fluid dynamics model according to the wetland beach topographic data, boundary conditions and initial water level data; the boundary conditions include the meteorological data and hydrological data of the wetland beach.

[0047] Meteorological data such as rainfall, evaporation, etc., and hydrological data such as inflow, outflow, etc.

[0048] Step 502: Input the boundary conditions of the year in which the extreme flood and drought event occurred into the initialized environmental fluid dynamics model to obtain the predicted water depth value of each grid of the wetland beach in the predicted year.

[0049] Step 503: Select the predicted water depth value for the time period when extreme flood and drought events will occur in the future from the predicted water depth values ​​for the entire year of the predicted year.

[0050] Step 504: Based on the predicted water depth of each grid of the wetland beach during the time period of extreme flood and drought events in the future, and based on the principle that the beach is judged to be exposed when the water depth is 0, the number of exposed areas in each elevation zone is counted, and the sum of the grid areas with a water depth of 0 in each elevation zone is determined as the daily area of ​​each elevation zone.

[0051] Step 505: If the number of open-air areas in the elevation zone satisfies 5≤t recession If (h)≤28, and the historical average temperature during the period of extreme flood and drought events in the future is greater than or equal to 8℃, the area of ​​the elevation zone on the day with the largest number of wintering waterfowl in the period of extreme flood and drought events in the future is determined as the suitable habitat area of ​​the elevation zone; otherwise, the suitable habitat area of ​​the elevation zone is zero; where t recession (h) is the number of open-air surfaces in elevation zone h.

[0052] The above step 505 can be summarized as the formula: A suitable (h, t, T) is the suitable habitat area in elevation zone h, A h is the area of ​​elevation zone h, and T is the temperature.

[0053] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, after determining the optimal time window for exposure of each elevation zone in step 105, the method of the present application can further simulate the spatial distribution of wetland shoals corresponding to different water level drawdown processes through the environmental fluid dynamics model, determine the distribution range of suitable wintering waterfowl in space, identify the "hotspot area" for the protection of wintering waterfowl, and efficiently coordinate the protection work under limited manpower and material conditions. The way in which the environmental fluid dynamics model determines the distribution range of suitable wintering waterfowl here can refer to the above steps 501 to 505. The difference from the above steps 502 to 505 is that the time period of the boundary conditions is different. Preferably, the boundary conditions of the year corresponding to the preset number of wintering waterfowl selected in step 103 can be used to input the initialized environmental fluid dynamics model, thereby obtaining the distribution range of suitable wintering waterfowl. Based on the determined distribution range of suitable wintering waterfowl, in order to prevent the occurrence of extreme scenarios, artificial wetlands can be reserved and expanded in advance as backup foraging habitats for wintering waterfowl.

[0054] The traditional water level control method is to use artificial monitoring and manual control of water levels, regularly inspect the water level, vegetation and water birds in the wetland, and control the water level based on experience and historical data. The limitations of this method are: 1) Insufficient accuracy: The data from manual monitoring is not accurate enough to reflect the changes in the wetland in real time. 2) Poor real-time performance: Manual control cannot respond quickly to environmental changes, especially in emergencies. It is difficult to take timely measures. 3) Insufficient optimization: The experience-based control strategy lacks scientificity and systematicity, and it is difficult to maximize the duration of habitat utilization.

[0055] At present, static hydrological models are used to simulate and regulate water levels based on historical data and fixed parameters. The limitations of this method are: 1) Lack of dynamism: static hydrological models cannot respond to environmental changes in real time, and the accuracy of prediction results is low. 2) Data lag: The input data of static hydrological models is usually historical data, which cannot reflect the current wetland conditions, and the regulation strategy may lag behind the actual situation. 3) Untimely adjustment: In emergencies, static hydrological models cannot provide real-time adjustment plans, which may lead to habitat damage.

[0056] The prior art also discloses a simplified real-time monitoring system that monitors the water level and rainfall in the wetland and regulates the water level according to preset rules. The limitations of this real-time monitoring system are: 1) Limited monitoring scope: The simplified monitoring system may only focus on a few indicators and cannot fully reflect the changes in the wetland ecosystem. 2) Single regulation strategy: The regulation strategy with preset rules lacks flexibility and adaptability and is difficult to cope with complex and changing environmental conditions. 3) Lack of optimization: Without the support of a systematic optimization algorithm, the regulation effect is poor and it is impossible to maximize the habitat utilization time.

[0057] The above existing water level monitoring and control schemes have obvious limitations in data accuracy, real-time and adaptability. In contrast, this application can provide a more scientific and efficient wetland water level control scheme through the comprehensive application of high-precision data collection, dynamic simulation and real-time monitoring, maximize the utilization time of suitable habitats, and thus more effectively protect wetland ecosystems and wintering waterfowl habitats.

[0058] The advantages of the present application method are as follows.

[0059] Advantage 1: Accurate data collection and processing.

[0060] Note: In addition to using high-precision water level sensors to regularly and accurately collect wetland water level data, drones and satellite remote sensing technology can also be used to regularly and accurately collect wetland vegetation coverage and growth conditions and water bird populations. This high-precision data collection method ensures the accuracy and timeliness of the data, and provides a solid data foundation for subsequent Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model initialization and simulation. This is more reliable than traditional manual monitoring and low-precision sensor technology, and can more accurately reflect the actual situation of the wetland.

[0061] Advantage 2: Optimal control of time windows

[0062] Description: Through DEM elevation data, the elevation distribution of wetland beaches can be accurately counted, and they can be divided into high-level beaches, middle-level beaches and low-level beaches according to their elevation. Beaches in different elevation zones have different exposure time windows. This refined classification and management method makes water level regulation more scientific and effective. Combined with the wintering rhythm of overwintering migratory birds, the exposure time of beaches at different elevations is controlled to ensure that they are in the appropriate exposure time window. This time window-based optimization control method can ensure that migratory birds are provided with the best habitat conditions during the time period when they need food and habitat the most, and improve the adaptability and stability of the wetland ecosystem.

[0063] Advantage 3: Dynamic simulation of EFDC model

[0064] Description: The EFDC model can perform dynamic simulation based on real-time input data, accurately calculating the real-time water level at the current time step and the water withdrawal time of each elevation zone. Compared with the traditional static hydrological model, the EFDC model can respond to environmental changes in real time and provide high-precision prediction results, making water level regulation more accurate and effectively reducing the impact of water level fluctuations on wetland ecosystems.

[0065] Advantage 4: Real-time monitoring and emergency storage strategy

[0066] Description: Real-time monitoring of wetland water level changes and rainfall, obtaining upstream water discharge information at any time, and immediately launching emergency storage measures when emergencies are detected to prevent vegetation from being submerged again. This real-time monitoring and emergency storage strategy can quickly respond to environmental changes, reduce the negative impact of emergencies on wetland ecosystems, and ensure the stability of the foraging environment for migratory birds.

[0067] Through the comprehensive application of the above-mentioned multiple technical points, the water level control method of the present application can provide a more accurate, efficient and scientific water level management plan compared to the existing technology, effectively improve the protection effect of the wetland ecosystem and the utilization time of the wintering migratory bird habitat, and achieve efficient protection of the wetland ecosystem and the wintering water bird habitat.

[0068] Wintering water birds can specifically refer to geese, so the method of the present application can achieve precise control of the water level in the wetland habitat of geese.

[0069] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a water level control device for a wetland wintering waterbird habitat for realizing the water level control method for a wetland wintering waterbird habitat mentioned above. The implementation scheme for solving the problem provided by the device is similar to the implementation scheme recorded in the above method, so the specific limitations in one or more embodiments of the water level control device for a wetland wintering waterbird habitat provided below can refer to the limitations of the water level control method for a wetland wintering waterbird habitat above, and will not be repeated here.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, a water level control device for a wetland wintering water bird habitat is provided, comprising: a beach division module, a water bird quantity collection module, an emergence time statistics module, a curve establishment module, an optimal time determination module and a water level control module.

[0071] The bar division module is used to divide the wetland bars where overwintering waterbirds are distributed into multiple elevation zones according to the elevation gradient. The waterbird number collection module is used to collect the number of overwintering waterbirds overwintering in the wetland bars during the annual overwintering period before and after the operation of the dam upstream of the wetland bars. The emergence time statistics module is used to select the years corresponding to the preset number of overwintering waterbirds in the order of the number of overwintering waterbirds from large to small, and count the time periods when each elevation zone begins to emerge within the preset number of years. The curve establishment module is used to establish the dynamic change curve of the overwintering waterbird population, the wetland bar plant growth curve, and the water level drawdown and emergence process curve of each elevation zone. The optimal time determination module is used to adjust the time period for the emergence of each elevation zone based on the dynamic change curve of the wintering waterfowl population, the growth curve of the wetland beach plants, and the water level fluctuation and exposure process curve of each elevation zone, with the goal of maximizing the available time of the suitable habitat for wintering waterfowl, and determine the adjusted time period for the emergence of each elevation zone as the optimal time window for the emergence of each elevation zone. The water level control module is used to monitor and control the water level of the wetland beach in real time to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a server or a terminal. The internal structure diagram thereof may be as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (Input / Output, referred to as I / O) and a communication interface. The processor, the memory and the input / output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus through the input / output interface. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used to store the optimal time window for exposure of each elevation zone. The input / output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and an external device. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, a water level control method for a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat is implemented.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 2The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components. In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor implements the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0075] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties.

[0076] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to the memory, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in the present application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM may be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM).

[0077] The database involved in each embodiment provided in this application may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include a distributed database based on blockchain, etc., but is not limited thereto. The processor involved in each embodiment provided in this application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0078] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0079] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the water level of a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat, characterized in that: include: Based on the elevation gradient, the wetland beaches where wintering waterbirds are distributed are divided into multiple elevation zones; The number of wintering waterbirds wintering on the wetland beach was collected during the wintering period each year before and after the operation of the upstream dam on the wetland beach; According to the order of the number of wintering water birds from large to small, the year corresponding to the preset number of wintering water birds is selected, and the time period when each elevation zone begins to emerge in the preset number of years is counted; The dynamic change curve of wintering waterbird population, the growth curve of wetland beach plants, and the curve of water level decline and exposure process of each elevation zone were established respectively; According to the dynamic change curve of the wintering waterfowl population, the growth curve of the wetland beach plants, and the water level drawdown and exposure process curve of each elevation zone, with the goal of maximizing the available duration of suitable habitats for wintering waterfowl, the time period for the beginning of exposure of each elevation zone is adjusted, and the adjusted time period for the beginning of exposure of each elevation zone is determined as the optimal time window for exposure of each elevation zone; Real-time monitoring and regulation of the water level of wetland beaches to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

2. The method for controlling the water level of a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple elevation zones include: high-level shoals, mid-level shoals, and low-level shoals; The elevations of high-level shoals, middle-level shoals and low-level shoals decrease in sequence.

3. The method for controlling the water level of a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that: According to the dynamic change curve of the wintering waterfowl population, the growth curve of the wetland beach plants, and the water level drawdown and exposure process curve of each elevation zone, the time period for the emergence of each elevation zone is adjusted with the goal of maximizing the available time of the suitable habitat for wintering waterfowl, and the adjusted time period for the emergence of each elevation zone is determined as the optimal time window for the emergence of each elevation zone, specifically including: According to the time sequence, the dynamic change curve of the wintering waterfowl population is divided into arrival period, peak period and migration period; According to the wetland beach plant growth curve, determine the wetland beach plant suitable for wintering waterfowl feeding growth period; The feeding growth period is calculated backwards from the arrival period, the peak period and the migration period to obtain three periods when wetland beach plants begin to grow; Based on the three periods when wetland beach plants begin to grow, with the goal of maximizing the available time of suitable habitats for overwintering waterbirds, the time periods when each elevation zone begins to emerge are adjusted to obtain the optimal time window for emergence of each elevation zone.

4. The method for controlling the water level of a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The optimal time window for exposure in each elevation zone includes: The optimal time window for the exposure of the high-level shoal is: mid-September; The optimal time window for the exposure of the median shoal is: mid-October; The optimal time window for the exposure of the low-level shoal is mid-November.

5. The method for controlling the water level of a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring and control of the water level of wetland beaches to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window, including: Real-time monitoring of the water level of wetland beaches; The storage and discharge of the dam upstream of the wetland beach is regulated according to the real-time water level to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

6. The method for controlling the water level of a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring and control of the water level of the wetland beach to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window, followed by: Assuming that extreme flood and drought events will occur in wetland beaches in the future, the suitable habitat area of ​​wetland beaches after water level regulation is predicted; If the area of ​​suitable habitat cannot match the number of wintering waterfowl, alternative habitats shall be arranged and crops that meet the foraging needs of wintering waterfowl shall be planted in the alternative habitats.

7. The method for controlling the water level of a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat according to claim 6, characterized in that: Predict the suitable habitat area of ​​wetland beaches after water level regulation, including: Initializing the environmental fluid dynamics model according to the wetland beach topography data, boundary conditions and initial water level data; the boundary conditions include meteorological data and hydrological data of the wetland beach; Input the boundary conditions of the year in which the extreme flood and drought event occurred into the initialized environmental fluid dynamics model to obtain the predicted water depth value of each grid of the wetland beach in the predicted year; Select the predicted water depth value for the time period of extreme flood and drought events in the future from the predicted water depth values ​​for the whole year of the predicted year; According to the predicted water depth of each grid of the wetland beach during the period of extreme flood and dry events in the future, based on the principle that the beach is exposed when the water depth is equal to 0, the number of exposed areas in each elevation zone is counted, and the sum of the grid areas with a water depth of 0 in each elevation zone is determined as the daily area of ​​each elevation zone; If the number of open-air exposures in the elevation zone satisfies 5≤t recession If (h)≤28, and the historical average temperature during the period of extreme flood and drought events in the future is greater than or equal to 8℃, the area of ​​the elevation zone on the day with the largest number of wintering waterfowl in the period of extreme flood and drought events in the future is determined as the suitable habitat area of ​​the elevation zone; otherwise, the suitable habitat area of ​​the elevation zone is zero; where t recession (h) is the number of open-air surfaces in elevation zone h.

8. A water level control device for a wetland wintering waterfowl habitat, characterized in that: The water level control device for the wetland wintering waterfowl habitat comprises: The beach division module is used to divide the wetland beaches where wintering waterbirds are distributed into multiple elevation zones based on the elevation gradient; A water bird population collection module, used to collect the number of wintering water birds overwintering on the wetland beach during the wintering period each year before and after the operation of the upstream dam on the wetland beach; The emergence time statistics module is used to select the years corresponding to the preset number of wintering water birds in the order of the number of wintering water birds from large to small, and count the time periods when each elevation zone begins to emerge in the preset number of years; The curve establishment module is used to establish the dynamic change curve of wintering waterbird population, the growth curve of wetland beach plants, and the curve of water level decline and exposure process of each elevation zone; An optimum time determination module is used to adjust the time period for the emergence of each elevation zone according to the migration dynamic change curve of the wintering waterfowl population, the growth curve of the wetland beach plants, and the water level drawdown and the emergence process curve of each elevation zone, with the goal of maximizing the available time of the suitable habitat for the wintering waterfowl, and determine the adjusted time period for the emergence of each elevation zone as the optimal time window for the emergence of each elevation zone; The water level control module is used to monitor and control the water level of the wetland beach in real time to ensure that the exposure time of each elevation zone is within the optimal time window.

9. A computer device comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the water level control method for a wetland wintering waterbird habitat as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the water level control method for a wetland wintering waterbird habitat according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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