A method, apparatus and device for testing network throughput

Abstract

This invention provides a network throughput testing method, apparatus, and device, relating to the field of Internet communication technology. The method includes: obtaining the non-collision probability of a target reference node being interfered with by a single node in a preset LoRa network and the successful arrival probability of data packets under channel noise interference; the non-collision probability includes the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and / or inter-SF interference; the target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network; determining the network throughput of the target reference node based on the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability; and determining the average network throughput of all the target reference nodes as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network. This invention improves the accuracy and reliability of the test results by comprehensively considering the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and inter-SF interference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Internet communication technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and device for testing network throughput. Background Technology

[0002] LoRa, as a representative technology in the field of low-power IoT, has attracted widespread attention from academia and industry in recent years and will play an increasingly important role in future smart city construction. LoRa has a complete communication architecture, including terminal devices, gateways, network services, and application services. The physical layer of LoRa uses Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation, a type of chirped spread spectrum modulation that can have multiple different spreading factors (SF). Signals with larger spreading factors have longer transmission distances but lower data rates, and signals with different SFs are orthogonal to each other, allowing for simultaneous transmission without interference. The MAC layer of LoRa uses a protocol similar to non-slotted ALOHA, allowing data to be transmitted at any time. However, due to the lack of time synchronization and carrier sense, this protocol can cause severe collisions as the number of users increases, leading to degraded system performance and unstable network throughput. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the technical problem that the increasing number of LoRa network users causes severe collisions between data transmissions, leading to deteriorated system performance and unstable network throughput. This invention provides a network throughput testing method, apparatus, and device.

[0004] The technical solution of this application embodiment is implemented as follows:

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a network throughput testing method, including:

[0006] The probability of a target reference node not colliding with a single node in a preset LoRa network and the probability of a data packet successfully arriving under the influence of channel noise interference are obtained; the probability of not colliding includes the probability of not colliding under CO-SF interference and / or inter-SF interference; the target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network;

[0007] The network throughput of the target reference node is determined based on the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability.

[0008] The average network throughput of all the target reference nodes is determined as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network.

[0009] Optionally, the probability of successful data packet arrival under the influence of channel noise interference is:

[0010]

[0011] Where, Δ s This represents the SNR threshold at which the target reference node can still transmit smoothly despite noise interference. N0 = BW·K·T represents the noise power, where BW is the channel bandwidth, K is the Kelvin constant, T is the temperature, P is the transmit power of the terminal device, α represents the path fading coefficient, and r represents the distance from the gateway to the target reference node; A0 = (c / f c ) 2 / 4π, from carrier frequency f c The Friesian transport equation for the speed of light c.

[0012] Optionally, the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference is:

[0013]

[0014] Where δ(.) is the Dirac function, T represents the duration of the SF data packet. c For node period, data, For data rate.

[0015] Optionally, the non-collision probability under inter-SF interference can be expressed in the same way as that under CO-SF interference.

[0016] Optionally, the probability that a single node in the preset LoRa network will not collide is:

[0017]

[0018] Optionally, determining the network throughput of the target reference node based on the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability includes:

[0019] The network throughput of the target reference node is determined by multiplying the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability.

[0020] Optionally, the target network throughput is:

[0021]

[0022] Where N is the total number of nodes in the preset LoRa network, and S i The network throughput of the target reference node.

[0023] A second aspect of this application provides a network throughput testing apparatus, comprising: an acquisition module, a first determination module, and a second determination module, wherein...

[0024] The acquisition module is configured to acquire the non-collision probability of the target reference node being interfered with by a single node in the preset LoRa network and the successful arrival probability of the data packet under the influence of channel noise interference; the non-collision probability includes the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and / or inter-SF interference; the target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network;

[0025] The first determining module is configured to determine the network throughput of the target reference node based on the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability.

[0026] The second determining module is configured to determine the average network throughput of all the target reference nodes as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network.

[0027] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory; the memory stores a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the network throughput testing method described in the first aspect.

[0028] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application are:

[0030] This invention provides a network throughput testing method, apparatus, and device. It obtains the non-collision probability of a target reference node being interfered with by a single node in a preset LoRa network and the successful arrival probability of data packets under channel noise interference. The non-collision probability includes the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and / or inter-SF interference. The target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network. Based on the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability, the network throughput of the target reference node is determined. The average network throughput of all target reference nodes is determined as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network. By comprehensively considering the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and inter-SF interference, the accuracy and reliability of the test results are improved. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1A flowchart illustrating a network throughput testing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network throughput testing device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be implemented without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of this application.

[0035] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0036] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0037] The accompanying drawings show some block diagrams and / or flowcharts. It should be understood that some blocks or combinations thereof in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, so that when executed by the processor, these instructions can create means for implementing the functions / operations described in these block diagrams and / or flowcharts.

[0038] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a network throughput testing method provided in this application embodiment; the network throughput testing method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0039] S110, obtain the non-collision probability of the target reference node being interfered with by a single node in the preset LoRa network and the successful arrival probability of the data packet under the influence of channel noise interference; the non-collision probability includes the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and / or inter-SF interference; the target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network.

[0040] CO-SF (Common Spreading Factor) interference occurs when data packets transmitted by different LoRa terminals use the same carrier frequency (CF) and spreading factor (SF), and their transmission times overlap. Because they use the same CF and SF, this interference will inevitably lead to transmission collisions. Inter-SF (Inter-Spreading Factor) interference occurs when data packets transmitted by different LoRa terminals use the same carrier frequency but different spreading factors, and their transmission times overlap. This interference is caused by the non-perfect orthogonality of LoRa symbols.

[0041] In this embodiment, the probability of other nodes simultaneously transmitting data packets with the target reference node under the same spreading factor (SF), as well as the interference between different spreading factors, are comprehensively considered. The PSP (Packet Success Probability) of the target reference node being interfered with by a single node can be expressed as: PSP = P ne ·P nc Among them, P ne P represents the data success rate. nc P represents the probability of no collision. nc =P nc _co·P nc _inter.

[0042] In one example, a reference node i and interfering nodes j and k are selected, where nodes i and j are modulated using the same SF modulation, while nodes i and k are modulated using different SF modulations. Assume the three nodes have a period T. c If the ALOHA protocol without time slots is used for random transmission, then nodes j and k can act as interference sources for node i. The probability density function (PDF) of collision overlap time under aggregated interference can be defined as:

[0043]

[0044] Where δ(.) is the Dirac function, For the duration of SF packets, Let represent the collision overlap time in the aggregate interference scenario. The first term on the right-hand side of the formula represents the PDF without packet collision, and the second term represents the PDF under the packet collision (overlap) condition (i.e., packets are completely or partially overlapped).

[0045] A LoRa physical frame consists of three elements: a preamble, a header, and valid data, along with a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). The preamble length is variable; based on previous research on LoRa, the actual preamble length is equal to a set value plus 4.25, and its content includes two synchronization codes and 2.25 synchronization downchips. The set value is L... preamble The value is typically 8. Therefore, the total number of symbols in the preamble portion is:

[0046] L sym_pre =L preamble +4.25;

[0047] Since the data transmission time is the product of the symbol length and the symbol transmission time, the symbol transmission time of the preamble part is:

[0048]

[0049] T sym_pre =(L preamble +4.25)·T sym bol ;

[0050] The frame header is divided into an explicit frame header and an implicit frame header. The explicit frame header directly carries payload-related information, while the implicit frame header does not exist in the data packet; its relevant information is provided in advance before transmission. The payload is generated from the actual data through modulation and coding, and its length is related to the length of the actual data. Therefore, the transmission time ToA of a LoRa data packet includes the preamble and the payload.

[0051]

[0052] In inter-SF, the collision time between the reference node i and the interfering node k depends on the one with the longer transmission time, i.e.:

[0053]

[0054] The length of the payload is related to the explicit / implicit frame header:

[0055]

[0056] Its transmission time is:

[0057] T sym_payload =L payload ·Tsymbol ;

[0058] Where PL is the length of the payload, and the code rate (CR) ranges from 1 to 4, representing a code rate variation within the range of {4 / 5, 4 / 6, 4 / 7, 4 / 8}. H indicates explicit or implicit headers (H=0 for explicit headers, H=1 for implicit headers), DE indicates data rate optimization options (DE=1 for low-rate optimization, DE=0 for no optimization), and C indicates whether a payload CRC is present (C=1 for present, C=0 for absent).

[0059] Assuming node i is r meters away from the gateway under aggregated interference, the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of the reference node modulated by a certain SF can be expressed as the ratio of its signal power to the signal power of the interfering node, i.e.:

[0060]

[0061] Under co-SF and inter-SF interference They can be represented as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Where A0 = (c / f) c ) 2 / 4π, from carrier frequency f c The Friesian transport equation for the speed of light c. r and Let g and i represent the distances from the gateway to the reference node i and the distances to the gateway from the interfering node, respectively. Let g represent the corresponding channel fading power. Assume these fading powers follow an exponential distribution, g ~ exp(1) and This represents the set of all terminal devices that use the same SF modulation as the reference node i, excluding the reference node i. This represents the set of all terminal devices that use different SF modulation from the reference node i. Factor It is used to normalize interference power.

[0064] In some embodiments, the probability of successful data packet arrival under the influence of channel noise interference is:

[0065]

[0066] Where, Δ sThis represents the SNR threshold at which the target reference node can still transmit smoothly despite noise interference. N0 = BW·K·T represents the noise power, where BW is the channel bandwidth, K is the Kelvin constant, T is the temperature, P is the transmit power of the terminal device, α represents the path fading coefficient, and r represents the distance from the gateway to the target reference node; A0 = (c / f c ) 2 / 4π, from carrier frequency f c The Friesian transport equation for the speed of light c.

[0067] In some embodiments, the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference is:

[0068]

[0069] Where δ(.) is the Dirac function, T represents the duration of the SF data packet. c For node period, data, For data rate.

[0070] In this embodiment, the data packet arrival rate P of node i under interference from j is... nc _co can be represented as:

[0071]

[0072] here, (a) follows g ~ exp(1), (b) follows the definition of the Laplace transform, where, express The Laplace transform of . Assume The Laplace transform can be expanded as follows:

[0073]

[0074] because Using the torque generation function, the above equation can therefore be expressed as:

[0075]

[0076] By applying the probability generation function of the two-dimensional homogeneous PPP to the above equation, we have

[0077]

[0078] in, Here, (c) follows the transformation from rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates. Since the interfering nodes are distributed throughout a disk of radius R, the integral limit in the above equation varies between 0 and R. for The density of the corresponding nodes. The expected term in the equation can be expanded to:

[0079]

[0080] Solving the integral of the above formula, we can obtain:

[0081]

[0082] In some embodiments, the non-collision probability under inter-SF interference is expressed in the same way as that under CO-SF interference.

[0083] It should be noted that although the non-collision probability under inter-SF interference exhibits the same behavior as that under CO-SF interference, the transmission time... The impact on the non-collision probability differs between the two different disturbance conditions: co-SF and inter-SF.

[0084] S120, determine the network throughput of the target reference node based on the node bit rate, non-collision probability and successful arrival probability of the target reference node.

[0085] Here, the network throughput of the target reference node is determined based on the node bit rate and successful arrival probability of the target reference node, and taking into account the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and inter-SF interference.

[0086] In some embodiments, S120, determining the network throughput of the target reference node based on the node bit rate, collision-free probability, and successful arrival probability of the target reference node includes:

[0087] The network throughput of the target reference node is determined by multiplying its node bit rate, non-collision probability, and successful arrival probability.

[0088] S130, the average network throughput of all target reference nodes is determined as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network.

[0089] In some embodiments, the target network throughput is:

[0090]

[0091] Where N is the total number of nodes in the preset LoRa network, and S i The network throughput of the target reference node.

[0092] This application embodiment obtains the non-collision probability of a target reference node being interfered with by a single node in a preset LoRa network and the successful arrival probability of data packets under the influence of channel noise interference. The non-collision probability includes the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and / or inter-SF interference. The target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network. The network throughput of the target reference node is determined based on the node bit rate, non-collision probability, and successful arrival probability of the target reference node. The average network throughput of all target reference nodes is determined as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network. By comprehensively considering the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and inter-SF interference, the accuracy and reliability of the test results are improved.

[0093] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a network throughput testing device provided in an embodiment of this application. The network throughput testing device 200 provided in this embodiment includes: an acquisition module 210, a first determination module 220, and a second determination module 230, wherein...

[0094] The acquisition module 210 is configured to acquire the non-collision probability of the target reference node being interfered with by a single node in the preset LoRa network and the successful arrival probability of the data packet under the influence of channel noise interference; the non-collision probability includes the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and / or inter-SF interference; the target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network.

[0095] The first determining module 220 is configured to determine the network throughput of the target reference node based on the node bit rate, non-collision probability, and successful arrival probability of the target reference node.

[0096] The second determining module 230 is configured to determine the average network throughput of all target reference nodes as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network.

[0097] In some embodiments, the probability of successful data packet arrival under the influence of channel noise interference is:

[0098]

[0099] Where, Δ s This represents the SNR threshold at which the target reference node can still transmit smoothly despite noise interference. N0 = BW·K·T represents the noise power, where BW is the channel bandwidth, K is the Kelvin constant, T is the temperature, P is the transmit power of the terminal device, α represents the path fading coefficient, and r represents the distance from the gateway to the target reference node; A0 = (c / f c ) 2 / 4π, from carrier frequency fc The Friesian transport equation for the speed of light c.

[0100] In some embodiments, the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference is:

[0101]

[0102] Where δ(.) is the Dirac function, T represents the duration of the SF data packet. c For node period, data, For data rate.

[0103] In some embodiments, the non-collision probability under inter-SF interference is expressed in the same way as that under CO-SF interference.

[0104] In some embodiments, the probability that a single node in a LoRa network will not collide is preset to be:

[0105]

[0106] In some embodiments, the first determining module 220 is specifically configured as follows:

[0107] The network throughput of the target reference node is determined by multiplying its node bit rate, non-collision probability, and successful arrival probability.

[0108] In some embodiments, the target network throughput is:

[0109]

[0110] Where N is the total number of nodes in the preset LoRa network, and S i The network throughput of the target reference node.

[0111] The network throughput testing device provided in this application can implement the various processes in the embodiments corresponding to the above-described network throughput testing method. To avoid repetition, these processes will not be described again here.

[0112] It should be noted that the network throughput testing device and the network throughput testing method provided in this application are based on the same application concept. Therefore, the specific implementation of this embodiment can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned network throughput testing method, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0113] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 300 provided in this application includes a processor 310 and a memory 320; the memory 320 stores a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the aforementioned network throughput testing method.

[0114] Specifically, processor 310 may include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor, an instruction set processor and / or an associated chipset and / or a special-purpose microprocessor (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), etc. Processor 310 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. Processor 310 may be a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method flow according to embodiments of this application.

[0115] The memory 320 may be any medium capable of containing, storing, transmitting, propagating, or transmitting instructions. For example, the memory 320 may include, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, apparatuses, or propagation media. Specific examples of the memory 320 include: magnetic storage devices such as magnetic tape or hard disk drives (HDDs); optical storage devices such as optical discs (CD-ROMs); and may also be random access memory (RAM) or flash memory; and / or wired / wireless communication links.

[0116] This application also provides a computer-readable medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the network throughput testing method described above. This computer-readable medium may be included in the device / apparatus / system described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into that device / apparatus / system. The aforementioned computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed, implement the method according to the embodiments of this application.

[0117] According to embodiments of this application, a computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this application, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this application, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media can also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wired, optical fiber, radio frequency signals, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0118] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of this application can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in this application. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of this application can be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this application. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of this application. Therefore, the scope of this application should not be limited to the above embodiments, but should be defined not only by the appended claims, but also by the equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for testing network throughput, characterized in that, include: The probability of a target reference node not colliding with a single node in a preset LoRa network and the probability of a data packet successfully arriving under the influence of channel noise interference are obtained; the probability of not colliding includes the probability of not colliding under CO-SF interference and inter-SF interference; the target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network; The network throughput of the target reference node is determined based on the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability. The average network throughput of all the target reference nodes is determined as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network.

2. The network throughput testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probability of a data packet successfully arriving under the influence of channel noise interference is: ； in, This represents the SNR threshold corresponding to the target reference node that allows for successful transmission even under noise. Let BW be the noise power, where BW is the channel bandwidth, K is the Kelvin constant, T is the temperature, and P is the transmit power of the terminal device. Represents the path fading coefficient. This indicates the distance from the gateway to the target reference node; From carrier frequency The Friesian transport equation for the speed of light c.

3. The network throughput testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-collision probability under CO-SF interference is: ； in, It is the Dirac function. For the duration of SF packets, For node period, data, For data rate.

4. The network throughput testing method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The non-collision probability under inter-SF interference exhibits the same behavior as that under CO-SF interference.

5. The network throughput testing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The probability that a single node in the preset LoRa network will not collide is: in, This represents the set of all terminal devices that use the same SF modulation as the reference node i, excluding the reference node i. This represents the set of all terminal devices that use different SF modulations than the reference node i.

6. The network throughput testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the network throughput of the target reference node based on the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability includes: The network throughput of the target reference node is determined by multiplying the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability.

7. The network throughput testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target network throughput is: ； Where N is the total number of nodes in the preset LoRa network. The network throughput of the target reference node.

8. A network throughput testing device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module, the first determination module, and the second determination module, wherein, The acquisition module is configured to acquire the non-collision probability of the target reference node being interfered with by a single node in the preset LoRa network and the successful arrival probability of the data packet under the influence of channel noise interference; the non-collision probability includes the non-collision probability under CO-SF interference and inter-SF interference; the target reference node is any node in the preset LoRa network; The first determining module is configured to determine the network throughput of the target reference node based on the node bit rate of the target reference node, the non-collision probability, and the successful arrival probability. The second determining module is configured to determine the average network throughput of all the target reference nodes as the target network throughput of the preset LoRa network.

9. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory; said memory having a storage for a computer program, wherein, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the network throughput testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

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