Multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A wireless device allocated with two sets of non-contiguous frequency domain resources may divide a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword into two subsets of modulation symbols. The wireless device may map two subsets of the modulation symbols into two sets of pre-discrete Fourier transform (DFT) resource elements (REs). The wireless device may populate the pre-DFT REs according to a block-based scheme or a comb-based scheme. The wireless device may perform a first DFT on the first set of pre-DFT REs and a second DFT on the second set of pre-DFT REs to generate a first set of frequency domain samples and a second set of frequency domain samples. The wireless device may perform an inverse fast Fourier transform on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform that may have a low peak-to-average power ratio.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 17 / 872,984, entitled “MULTI-CLUSTER LOW PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO WAVEFORM DESIGN,” filed by JIANG et al. on July 25, 2022, which is assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The following relates to wireless communications, including multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, and the like. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communications for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE). Summary of the invention

[0005] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices and apparatuses that support multi-cluster low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) waveform design. Two (or more) groups of non-contiguous frequency domain resources may be allocated to a transmitting wireless device, on which data will be sent. The transmitting wireless device may obtain a set of modulation symbols associated with codewords to be sent on each of the allocated groups of non-contiguous frequency domain resources. The transmitting wireless device may then divide the set of modulation symbols into two subsets of modulation symbols. The wireless device may map the two subsets of modulation symbols to two respective groups of pre-discrete Fourier transform (DFT) resource elements. The wireless device may fill the pre-DFT resource elements, for example, according to one of a block-based scheme or a comb-based scheme. When the transmitter is a UE or a network entity, the filling may be a zero power symbol. The wireless device may then perform a first DFT on a first group of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a first group of frequency domain samples associated with a first group of frequency resources, and perform a second DFT on a second group of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a second group of frequency domain samples associated with a second group of frequency resources. The wireless device may then perform an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The time domain waveform may be transmitted and has a relatively low PAPR. The receiving device may perform an inverse process (e.g., a fast Fourier transform (FFT) followed by two inverse DFTs) to extract the first subset and the second subset of modulation symbols from the time domain waveform, and accordingly extract the modulation symbols associated with the codeword.

[0006] A method for wireless communication at a wireless device is described. The method may include: obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols; performing a first DFT on the second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the second subset of modulation symbols; performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the first subset of modulation symbols; performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform; and transmitting the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0007] An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: obtain a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols; perform a first DFT on the second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of alternative modulation symbols that replace the second subset of modulation symbols; perform a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated from the first set of frequency resources in frequency, the third set of modulation symbols including the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of alternative modulation symbols that replace the first subset of modulation symbols; perform an inverse FFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform; and send the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: a component for obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols; a component for performing a first DFT on the second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols replacing the second subset of modulation symbols; a component for performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols replacing the first subset of modulation symbols; a component for performing an inverse FFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform; and a component for transmitting the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device is described. The code may include instructions that can be executed by a processor to: obtain a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols; perform a first DFT on the second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the second subset of modulation symbols; perform a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the first subset of modulation symbols; perform an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform; and transmit the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first subset of modulation symbols is mapped to a first block of resource elements and a first set of alternative modulation symbols is mapped to a second block of resource elements for a first DFT, and a second set of alternative modulation symbols is mapped to the first block and a second subset of modulation symbols is mapped to the second block for a second DFT.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first subset of modulation symbols is mapped to odd-indexed resource elements and a first set of alternative modulation symbols is mapped to even-indexed resource elements for a first DFT, and a second set of alternative modulation symbols is mapped to odd-indexed resource elements and a second subset of modulation symbols is mapped to even-indexed resource elements for a second DFT.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first subset of modulation symbols is mapped to a first set of resource elements that may be interleaved with a second set of resource elements for a first set of alternative modulation symbols for a first DFT, and a second set of alternative modulation symbols is mapped to the first set of resource elements and a second subset of modulation symbols is mapped to the second set of resource elements for a second DFT.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first set of substitute modulation symbols and the second set of substitute modulation symbols include zero-power modulation symbols.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a time domain waveform may be transmitted to a second wireless device, a first set of alternative modulation symbols may be associated with the transmission to a third wireless device, and a second set of alternative modulation symbols may be associated with the transmission to the third wireless device.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first subset of modulation symbols includes a different number of modulation symbols than a second subset of modulation symbols.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, performing a first DFT and performing a second DFT may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing a first DFT associated with a number of points and a second DFT associated with a number of points that is equal to the number of modulation symbols in a set of modulation symbols.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the wireless device may be a user equipment (UE), and the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may include additional operations, features, components, or instructions for the following actions: sending UE capability signaling indicating the UE's ability to perform a first DFT and a second DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency; and receiving control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first DFT and the second DFT on the frequency resources at least partially in response to the UE capability signaling.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving UE capability signaling from a UE indicating the UE's ability to perform a first inverse DFT and a second inverse DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency; and sending control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT on the frequency resources at least partially in response to the UE capability signaling.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the time-domain waveform includes a DFT-spread frequency-division multiplexed waveform.

[0020] A method for wireless communication at a wireless device is described. The method may include: receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources; performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources; performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols; performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols; and obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0021] An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources; perform an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources; perform a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols; perform a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols; and obtain a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0022] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: a component for receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources; a component for performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources; a component for performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols; a component for performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols; and a component for obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0023] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device is described. The code may include instructions that can be executed by a processor to: receive a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources; perform an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources; perform a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols; perform a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols; and obtain a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0024] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for extracting a first subset of modulation symbols from a first block of resource elements from a first set of modulation symbols; and extracting a second subset of modulation symbols from a second block of resource elements from a second set of modulation symbols.

[0025] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for extracting a first subset of modulation symbols from odd-indexed resource elements from a first set of modulation symbols; and extracting a second subset of modulation symbols from even-indexed resource elements from a second set of modulation symbols.

[0026] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for extracting, from a first set of modulation symbols, a first subset of modulation symbols from a first set of resource elements that may be interleaved with a second set of resource elements; and extracting, from a second set of modulation symbols, a second subset of modulation symbols from a second set of resource elements that may be interleaved with the first set of resource elements.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first set of modulation symbols also includes a first set of alternative modulation symbols comprising zero-power modulation symbols, and the second set of modulation symbols also includes a second set of alternative modulation symbols comprising zero-power modulation symbols.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first set of modulation symbols also includes a first set of alternative modulation symbols associated with a different receiving wireless device, and the second set of modulation symbols also includes a second set of alternative modulation symbols associated with a different receiving wireless device.

[0029] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first subset of modulation symbols includes a different number of modulation symbols than a second subset of modulation symbols.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT may each be associated with a number of points, and the number of points may be equal to the number of modulation symbols in the third set of modulation symbols.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the wireless device may be a network entity, and the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may include additional operations, features, components, or instructions for the following actions: receiving UE capability signaling indicating the UE's ability to perform a first DFT and a second DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency; and sending control signaling indicating a configuration for the UE to perform the first DFT and the second DFT on the frequency resources, at least in part in response to the UE capability signaling.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the wireless device may be a UE, and the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may include additional operations, features, components, or instructions for the following actions: sending UE capability signaling to a network entity indicating the UE's ability to perform a first inverse DFT and a second inverse DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency; and receiving control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT on the frequency resources based at least in part on a response to the UE capability signaling.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the time-domain waveform includes a DFT-spread frequency-division multiplexed waveform. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0035] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0036] Figure 3a and Figure 3b An example of resource mapping supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0037] Figure 4 An example of a coding scheme supporting a multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0038] Figure 5 An example of a process flow supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0039] Figure 6 and Figure 7 A block diagram of a device supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0041] Fig. 9 A diagram of a system including a device supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0042] Fig.10 and Fig.11 A block diagram of a device supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0043] Fig.12 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0044] Fig.13 A diagram of a system including a device supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0045] Figures 14 to 21 Flowcharts are shown that illustrate methods of supporting multi-cluster low peak-to-average power ratio waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In some wireless communication systems, non-contiguous frequency domain resource allocation may be used for some use cases. Non-contiguous frequency domain resource allocation includes two or more frequency allocation sets separated in frequency (i.e., having one or more unallocated frequency resources between these sets). Some use cases may include uplink carrier aggregation, multi-carrier sounding reference signal (SRS), multi-carrier physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission, or multi-carrier physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission. Additional example use cases may include unlicensed spectrum in which multiple frequency cluster waveforms may be used, and multi-cluster sequence design (e.g., for SRS, PUCCH, or PUSCH). However, when applied to non-contiguous frequency domain resource allocation (e.g., multiple frequency domain clusters), discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread frequency domain multiplexing (s-FDM)-based schemes may have suboptimal peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).

[0047] Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to low PAPR waveform design for non-contiguous frequency domain resources. A transmitting wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) for uplink or sidelink, or a network entity for downlink) may be allocated two (or more) sets of non-contiguous frequency domain resources on which data (e.g., associated with a codeword) will be sent. The wireless device may obtain a set of modulation symbols associated with the codeword and divide the set of modulation symbols into two (or more) subsets of modulation symbols. The wireless device may map the two (or more) subsets of modulation symbols to corresponding two (or more) sets of pre-DFT resource elements. The wireless device may fill the pre-DFT resource elements, for example, according to one of a block-based scheme or a comb-based scheme. When the transmitter is a UE or a network entity, the filling may be a zero power symbol. For a network entity, the filling may be a symbol for different receiving UEs (e.g., using multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication). For example, in a first set of pre-DFT resource elements, the wireless device may map a first subset of modulation symbols to a continuous block or comb of pre-DFT resource elements and zero-fill the remaining pre-DFT resource elements. In a second set of pre-DFT resource elements, the wireless device may map a second subset of modulation symbols to a second continuous block or comb of pre-DFT resource elements and zero-fill the remaining pre-DFT resource elements. The wireless device may then perform a first DFT on the first set of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources, and perform a second DFT on the second set of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The wireless device may then perform an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The time domain waveform may be transmitted and have a relatively low PAPR.

[0048] A receiving device (e.g., a network entity in an uplink or a UE in a downlink or sidelink) may perform an inverse process (e.g., a fast Fourier transform (FFT) followed by two inverse DFTs) to extract a first subset and a second subset of modulation symbols from the time domain waveform, and accordingly extract the modulation symbols associated with the codewords.

[0049] Various aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Various aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to resource mapping, decoding schemes, and process flows. Various aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow charts related to multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design.

[0050] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting a multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a long term evolution (LTE) network, an advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a new radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0051] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100, and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UE 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may support signal communications according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0052] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as Figure 1105 or other UEs 115 or network entities 105 shown in FIG.

[0053] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0054] In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other on the backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols) directly (e.g., directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., according to the midhaul interface protocol) or the fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., according to the fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, the midhaul communication links 162, or the fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), and other examples or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0055] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0056] In some examples, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0057] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities, depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between CU 160 and DU 165 such that CU 160 may support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 may support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 may host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170, such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between CU 160 and DU 165 or between DU 165 and RU 170 can be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by different ones of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on interfaces (eg, channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 communicating over those communication links.

[0058] In a wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be controlled in part by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., an IAB donor) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., an IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., a backhaul communication link 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a coupled IAB donor's DU 165. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0059] For example, an access network (AN) or RAN may include an access node (e.g., an IAB host), communications between an IAB node 104 and one or more UEs 115. The IAB host may facilitate a connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, the IAB host may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB host may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), wherein the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB host and the IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol defining a signaling message (e.g., an F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link), and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., CUs 160 associated with an alternative IAB host) via an Xn-C interface (which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link).

[0060] An IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UE 115, wireless self-backhaul capabilities, etc.). DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward child nodes associated with IAB node 104, and IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with IAB node 104. That is, an IAB host may be referred to as a parent node that communicates with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB host may relay for UE transmissions through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN, an IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Thus, the IAB-MT entity of the IAB node 104 may provide a Uu interface for the child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from the parent IAB node 104 , and a DU interface (eg, DU 165 ) may provide a Uu interface for the parent IAB node 104 to signal to the child IAB node 104 or the UE 115 .

[0061] For example, the IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node that supports child IAB node communications and as a child node associated with the IAB host. The IAB host may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130 (e.g., a backhaul communication link 120), and may act as a parent node of the IAB node 104. For example, the DU 165 of the IAB host may relay transmissions to the UE 115 via the IAB node 104, and may directly signal the transmissions to the UE 115. The CU 160 of the IAB host may signal the establishment of a communication link to the IAB node 104 via the F1 interface, and the IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions relayed from the IAB host to the UE 115) via the DU 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from the IAB node 104 via signaling on the NR Uu interface of the MT to the IAB node 104. Communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB host, and communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 .

[0062] In the case where the techniques described herein are applied in the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be additionally or alternatively performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0063] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable term, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0064] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices such as other UEs 115 which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 shown.

[0065] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send," "receive," or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0066] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be located based on a channel raster for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be performed by UE 115 via the carrier, or a carrier may operate in a non-standalone mode, in which case the connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., a different carrier of the same or different radio access technology).

[0067] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from the network entity 105 to the UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from the UE 115 to the network entity 105, or both, as well as other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry either downlink communications or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink communications and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0068] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)) of a carrier of a particular radio access technology. A device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115, or both) of the wireless communication system 100 may have a hardware configuration that supports communication on a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communication on one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a network entity 105 or a UE 115 that supports concurrent communication via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate on a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.

[0069] The signal waveform sent on the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or DFT-spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system using MCM technology, a resource element may refer to a symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier resource, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that the more resource elements a device receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate for the device may be. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0070] One or more parameter sets for a carrier may be supported, where the parameter set may include subcarrier spacing (Δf) and cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different parameter sets. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time, and communications of a UE 115 may be constrained to one or more active BWPs.

[0071] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the maximum supported subcarrier interval, and N f The maximum supported DFT size may be indicated. The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0072] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, a time slot may be further divided into a plurality of micro time slots including one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may include one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0073] A subframe, a time slot, a mini-time slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmit time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0074] Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. For example, physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier using one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of that system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 may monitor or search a control region to obtain control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with the decoding information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0075] The network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with the network entity 105 (e.g., via a carrier), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other cell identifier) ​​used to distinguish adjacent cells. In some examples, a cell may also refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) within which the logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105, such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas. For example, a cell may be or may include a building, a subset of a building, or an external space between or overlapping coverage areas 110, and the like.

[0076] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider that supports the macro cell. Small cells may be associated with lower power network entities 105 (e.g., lower power base stations 140) than macro cells, and small cells may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with small cells (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). A network entity 105 may support one or more cells, and may also use one or more component carriers to support communications on one or more cells.

[0077] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access to different types of devices.

[0078] In some examples, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) may be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0079] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the network entities 105 may have different frame timing, and in some examples, transmissions from different network entities 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous operation or asynchronous operation.

[0080] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices with integrated sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that utilizes the information or presents the information to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include: smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, health care monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0081] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ an operating mode that reduces power consumption, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but does not transmit and receive concurrently). In some examples, half-duplex communication may be performed with a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside a carrier.

[0082] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication, and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video, or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0083] In some examples, a UE 115 may be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communications may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communications configured or scheduled by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may be outside of the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, the network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105 .

[0084] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 can be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, the vehicles can communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination of these items. The vehicles can signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergency situations, or any other information related to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in the V2X system can communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as roadside units), or communicate with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entity 105, base station 140, RU 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, or both.

[0085] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be delivered through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the IP service 150 of one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0086] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength ranges from about one decimeter to one meter in length. The UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, and these waves may be referred to as clusters, but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide services to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0087] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region (also known as a centimeter band) using a frequency band of 3 GHz to 30 GHz or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region (e.g., 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as a millimeter band) of the spectrum. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UE 115 and network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU170), and the EHF antenna of the corresponding device may be smaller and closer than the UHF antenna. In some examples, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be affected by greater atmospheric attenuation and a shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The technology disclosed herein may be adopted across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the use of frequency bands specified across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory agency.

[0088] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may use licensed assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in unlicensed bands such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in an unlicensed RF spectrum band, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on carrier aggregation configurations (e.g., LAA) in conjunction with component carriers operating in licensed bands. Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, and the like.

[0089] The network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, MIMO communication or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may have an antenna array having a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0090] The network entity 105 or UE 115 may use MIMO communication to utilize multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by sending or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such technology may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. Multiple signals may be, for example, sent by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, multiple signals may be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO technology includes single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are sent to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are sent to multiple devices.

[0091] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating in a particular direction relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals conveyed via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0092] The network entity 105 or the UE 115 may use beam scanning techniques as part of a beamforming operation. For example, the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be sent multiple times by the network entity 105 along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may send signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device such as the network entity 105, or by a receiving device such as the UE 115) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0093] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device) may be sent by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a receiving device such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115). In some examples, a beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals sent along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals sent by network entity 105 along different directions, and may report to network entity 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0094] In some examples, transmission by a device (e.g., by network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a set of configured beams across a system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Network entity 105 may send a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may or may not be precoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel codebook, a linear combination codebook, a port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals sent along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), UE 115 may use similar techniques to send signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115), or to send signals along a single direction (e.g., to send data to a receiving device).

[0095] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform receiving operations according to multiple receiving configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple receiving directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different receiving beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or processing received signals according to different receiving beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receiving configurations or receiving directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). A single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0096] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. The RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate on a logical channel. The MAC layer may perform priority processing and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC protocol layer may provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection that supports a radio bearer for user plane data between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130. At the PHY layer, a transport channel may be mapped to a physical channel.

[0097] UE 115 and network entity 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the likelihood that the data is successfully received. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is a technique for increasing the likelihood of correctly receiving data through a communication link (e.g., communication link 125, D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, a device may support simultaneous slot HARQ feedback, wherein the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received in a previous symbol in the time slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent time slot or according to some other time interval.

[0098] The wireless communication system 100 may support a different set of use cases. The waveform and multiple access design of the wireless communication system 100 may accordingly support a variety of use cases, including, for example, mobile broadband, metaverse, massive IoT, sidelink, massive spectrum aggregation or duplex, and UE collaboration. The waveform and multiple access design may include full duplex, RF sensing, positioning and PHY security, and enhanced MIMO. In some examples, non-contiguous frequency domain resource allocation may be used for some use cases, including uplink carrier aggregation, multi-carrier SRS, multi-carrier PUSCH transmission or multi-carrier PUCCH transmission, unlicensed spectrum in which multiple frequency cluster waveforms may be used, and multi-cluster sequence design (e.g., for SRS, PUCCH, or PUSCH). Considerations for low PAPR multi-cluster or carrier waveforms may include simultaneous transmission of multiple frequency clusters or carriers, joint design across multiple frequency clusters to achieve lower PAPR, efficient multi-user access multiplexing of different users, and low latency (intra-symbol) and high reliability (diversity).

[0099] A transmitting wireless device (e.g., a UE 115 for uplink or sidelink, or a network entity 105 for downlink) may be allocated two (or more) sets of non-contiguous frequency domain resources on which data (e.g., associated with a codeword) is to be transmitted. The wireless device may obtain a set of M modulation symbols associated with the codeword and divide the set of modulation symbols into two subsets of modulation symbols. The wireless device may map the two subsets of modulation symbols to respective two sets of M pre-DFT resource elements. The wireless device may fill the pre-DFT resource elements, for example, according to one of a block-based scheme or a comb-based scheme. When the transmitter is a UE 115 or a network entity 105, the filling may be a zero-power symbol. For the network entity 105, the filling may be a symbol for a different receiving UE 115. For example, in a first set of pre-DFT resource elements, the wireless device may map a first subset of n modulation symbols to a contiguous block or comb of pre-DFT resource elements, and zero fill the remaining (Mn) pre-DFT resource elements. In the second set of pre-DFT resource elements, the wireless device may map a second subset of (Mn) modulation symbols to a block or comb of pre-DFT resource elements and zero fill the remaining n pre-DFT resource elements. The wireless device may then perform a first DFT on the first set of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources, and perform a second DFT on the second set of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The wireless device may then perform an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The time domain waveform may be transmitted and may have a relatively lower PAPR than communications that do not use the multi-cluster waveform design described herein.

[0100] A receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105 in an uplink or a UE 115 in a downlink or sidelink) may perform an inverse process (e.g., an FFT followed by two inverse DFTs) to extract a first subset and a second subset of modulation symbols from the time domain waveform, and accordingly extract the modulation symbols associated with the codewords.

[0101] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a wireless device 205-a and a wireless device 205-b, which may be examples of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein.

[0102] The wireless device 205-a may use the communication link 210 to communicate with the wireless device 205-b. In some cases, the wireless device 205-a may be the network entity 105 and the wireless device 205-b may be the UE 115, and the communication link 210 may be an example of an NR or LTE link between the wireless device 205-a and the wireless device 205-b. In some examples where the wireless device 205-a may be the network entity 105 and the wireless device 205-b may be the UE 115, the communication link 210 may include a bidirectional link that enables both uplink and downlink communications. For example, the wireless device 205-b may use the communication link 210 to send an uplink signal 220 (such as an uplink control signal or an uplink data signal) to the wireless device 205-a, and the wireless device 205-a may use the communication link 210 to send a downlink signal 215 (such as a downlink control signal or a downlink data signal) to the wireless device 205-b. In some cases, the wireless device 205-a may be the UE 115 and the wireless device 205-b may be the UE 115, and the communication link 210 may be a sidelink communication link. The sidelink communication link may include a bidirectional link that enables the wireless device 205-b to send signals to the wireless device 205-a and enables the wireless device 205-a to send signals to the wireless device 205-b.

[0103] In some examples, where the wireless device 205-b may be a UE 115 and the wireless device 205-a may be a network entity 105, the wireless device 205-b may send UE capability signaling 225 to the wireless device 205-a indicating the ability of the wireless device 205-b to perform the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT for frequency resources separated in frequency. In such examples, the wireless device 205-a may send control signaling 230 to the wireless device 205-b in response to the UE capability signaling 225, indicating a configuration for performing the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT for the frequency resources (e.g., the first group of frequency resources 245-a and the second group of frequency resources 245-b) allocated to the wireless device 205-b.

[0104] The wireless device 205-b may obtain a set of M modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of M modulation symbols including a first subset of n modulation symbols and a second subset of (Mn) modulation symbols. The wireless device 205-b may be allocated frequency resources in the frequency domain resources 240 (e.g., via control signaling 230), the allocated frequency resources including a first set of frequency resources 245-a and a second set of frequency resources 245-b. The first set of frequency resources 245-a and the second set of frequency resources 245-b may be non-contiguous (e.g., having unallocated frequency resources between the sets).

[0105] The wireless device 205-b may perform a first DFT on a second set of M modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources 245-a allocated to the wireless device 205-b, the second set of modulation symbols including a first subset of n modulation symbols and a first set of (Mn) replacement modulation symbols to replace a second subset of modulation symbols. The wireless device 205-b may perform a second DFT on a third set of M modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources 245-b allocated to the wireless device 205-b, the third set of modulation symbols including a second subset of (Mn) modulation symbols and a second set of n replacement modulation symbols to replace the first subset of modulation symbols. The wireless device may pad pre-DFT resource elements of the first set of replacement modulation symbols and the second set of replacement modulation symbols, for example, according to one of a block-based scheme or a comb-based scheme. When the wireless device 205-b is a UE 115 or a network entity 105, the padding may be zero power symbols. If the wireless device 205 - b is a network entity 105 , the padding may be symbols for different receiving UEs 115 .

[0106] For example, in a first set of pre-DFT resource elements, the wireless device 205-b may map a first subset of n modulation symbols to a continuous block or comb of pre-DFT resource elements and zero-fill the remaining (Mn) pre-DFT resource elements. In a second set of pre-DFT resource elements, the wireless device 205-b may map a second subset of (Mn) modulation symbols to a block or comb of pre-DFT resource elements and zero-fill the remaining n pre-DFT resource elements. The wireless device 205-b may then perform a first DFT on the first set of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources 245-a, and perform a second DFT on the second set of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources 245-b. The wireless device 205-b may then perform an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform 235. The time domain waveform 235 may be transmitted by the wireless device 205-b and have a relatively low PAPR.

[0107] The wireless device 205 - a may perform an inverse process (eg, FFT followed by two inverse DFTs) to extract the first and second subsets of modulation symbols from the time-domain waveform 235 , and correspondingly extract the modulation symbols associated with the codewords.

[0108] Figure 3a and Figure 3bExamples of resource mapping 300 and resource mapping 305 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure are respectively illustrated. In some examples, resource mapping 300 or resource mapping 305 can implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 or 200 or be implemented by the wireless communication system.

[0109] Resource mapping 300 illustrates a block-based multi-frequency cluster time division multiplexing scheme. In resource mapping 300, a total of 36 modulation symbols (e.g., M=36) are mapped to two 36-tone pre-DFT clusters (a first cluster 315-a and a second cluster 320-a). The two clusters are discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0110] In the first cluster 315-a, the first 18 (e.g., n=18) modulation symbols are mapped to the first 18 pre-DFT resource elements (1-18). Zero power symbols are placed in the last 18 (e.g., (Mn)) pre-DFT resource elements (19-36). In the second cluster 320-a, 18 (e.g., (Mn)) modulation symbols are placed in the last 18 (e.g., (Mn)) pre-DFT resource elements (19-36). Zero power symbols are placed in the first 18 pre-DFT resource elements (1-18). The transmitting wireless device 205 may perform an M-point DFT on the first cluster 315-a of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a first frequency domain sample in the first frequency domain cluster. The transmitting wireless device 205 may perform an M-point DFT on the second cluster 320-a of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a second frequency domain sample in the second frequency domain cluster. The wireless device 205 may assign the first frequency domain sample to the first frequency domain cluster and the second frequency domain sample to the second frequency domain cluster. The wireless device 205 may perform an N-point IFFT on the first frequency domain sample and the second frequency domain sample to generate a time domain sample (e.g., a time domain waveform). The wireless device 205 may append a cyclic prefix before the N time domain samples to manage inter-symbol interference.

[0111] Although illustrated as having equal numbers (e.g., 18 each), the number n of modulation symbols associated with the first frequency-domain resource cluster and the number (Mn) of modulation symbols associated with the second frequency-domain resource cluster may have different sizes. For example, for the first cluster, n may correspond to a percentage x of the total M modulation symbols. In the first cluster 315-a of pre-DFT resource elements, the n modulation symbols may be mapped to the first x% of the first cluster 315-a of pre-DFT resource elements, and the remaining (1-x)% of the first cluster 315-a of pre-DFT resource elements may be set to zero. In the second cluster 320-a of pre-DFT resource elements, the (Mn) modulation symbols may be mapped to the last (1-x)% of the pre-DFT resource elements, and the first x% of the pre-DFT resource elements may be set to zero. In some cases, a block-based multi-cluster time division multiplexing scheme may include more than two clusters.

[0112] The block-based multi-cluster time-division multiplexing waveform may have correlated tones in the frequency domain. Multiple users may be multiplexed on the same frequency resource in different time domain blocks. For example, multiple users may be separated via frequency domain filtering or via time domain separation after some equalization. A guard band or cyclic prefix (corresponding to two different users) may be added to avoid inter-symbol interference between the two users.

[0113] Resource mapping 305 illustrates a comb-based multi-frequency cluster time division multiplexing scheme. In resource mapping 305, a total of 36 modulation symbols (e.g., M=36) are mapped to two 36-tone pre-DFT clusters (first cluster 315-b and second cluster 320-b). The two clusters are discontinuous in the frequency domain.

[0114] In a first cluster 315-b, 18 (e.g., n=18) modulation symbols are mapped to 18 even-indexed pre-DFT resource elements (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.). Zero power symbols are placed in 18 (e.g., (Mn)) odd-indexed pre-DFT resource elements (e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.). In a second cluster 320-b, 18 (e.g., (Mn)) modulation symbols are placed in 18 (e.g., (Mn)) odd-indexed pre-DFT resource elements (e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.). Zero power symbols are placed in even-indexed pre-DFT resource elements (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.). The transmitting wireless device 205 may perform an M-point DFT on the first cluster 315-b of pre-DFT resource elements to generate first frequency domain samples in a first frequency domain cluster. The transmitting wireless device 205 may perform an M-point DFT on the second cluster 320-b of pre-DFT resource elements to generate a second frequency domain sample in a second frequency domain cluster. The wireless device 205 may assign the first frequency domain sample to the first frequency domain cluster and assign the second frequency domain sample to the second frequency domain cluster. The wireless device 205 may perform an N-point IFFT on the first frequency domain sample and the second frequency domain sample to generate a time domain sample (e.g., a time domain waveform). The wireless device 205 may append a cyclic prefix before the N time domain samples to manage inter-symbol interference.

[0115] Although illustrated as having equal numbers (e.g., 18 each), the number n of modulation symbols associated with the first frequency-domain resource cluster and the number (Mn) of modulation symbols associated with the second frequency-domain resource cluster may have different sizes. Although shown as being mapped to even- and odd-indexed pre-DFT resource elements, any interleaving scheme may also be applied. For example, the ratio of modulation symbols in each cluster (e.g., the first cluster 315-b and the second cluster 320-b) may be different. For example, in the first cluster 315-b, the modulation symbol may be mapped to x% of every C pre-DFT resource elements, and the remaining (1-x)% of the pre-DFT resource elements may be set to zero. In the second cluster, the modulation symbol may be mapped to (1-x)% of each pre-DFT resource element (e.g., where the corresponding pre-DFT symbol is set to zero), and the remaining x% of the pre-DFT resource elements may be set to zero. In some cases, a comb-based time division multiplexing scheme may include more than two clusters. Each cluster may occupy one or more of the C combs. In some cases, each cluster may occupy an unequal number of combs.

[0116] A multi-frequency cluster single DFT waveform may have a higher PAPR than a single frequency cluster single DFT waveform. The block or comb based scheme and application of two DFTs for multi-frequency clusters as described herein may improve the PAPR compared to a multi-frequency cluster single DFT waveform. In some cases, a block based multi-frequency cluster multi-DFT waveform may have a lower PAPR than a comb based multi-frequency cluster multi-DFT waveform.

[0117] Comb-based multi-frequency cluster time-division multiplexing waveforms can have a repetitive or Walsh pattern in frequency. Multiple users within a comb can be multiplexed on the same frequency resources but occupy different combs, and multi-user detection can be performed based on exploiting the repetitive or Walsh pattern.

[0118] Figure 4 An example of a coding scheme 400 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the coding scheme 400 may implement aspects of wireless communication systems 100 or 200 or may be implemented by aspects of wireless communication systems 100 or 200.

[0119] The wireless device may obtain a set of M modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of M modulation symbols including a first subset of n modulation symbols 405-a and a second subset of (Mn) modulation symbols 405-b. Frequency resources in the frequency domain resources 420 may be allocated to the wireless device 205-b, the allocated frequency resources including a first set of frequency resources 425-a and a second set of frequency resources 425-b. The first set of frequency resources 425-a and the second set of frequency resources 425-b may be non-contiguous (with unallocated frequency resources between the sets).

[0120] At 410-a, the wireless device 205 may fill pre-DFT resource elements of a first subset of modulation symbols 405-a with a first set of substitute symbols, and at 410-b, the wireless device 205 may fill pre-DFT resource elements of a second subset of modulation symbols 405-b with a second set of substitute symbols, e.g., according to one of a block-based scheme or a comb-based scheme. When the wireless device 205 is a UE 115 or a network entity 105, the fill may be zero-power symbols. If the wireless device 205 is a network entity 105, the fill may be symbols for different receiving UEs 115.

[0121] The wireless device 205 may perform a first DFT 415-a on the second set of M modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources 425-a assigned to the wireless device 205. The second set of modulation symbols includes a first subset of n modulation symbols 405-a and a first set of (Mn) alternative modulation symbols. The wireless device 205 may perform a second DFT 415-b on a third set of M modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources 425-b assigned to the wireless device 205 and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The third set of modulation symbols includes a second subset of (Mn) modulation symbols 405-b and a second set of n alternative modulation symbols.

[0122] The wireless device 205 may then perform an IFFT 430 on the first frequency domain samples and the second frequency domain samples to generate time domain samples 435 (e.g., a time domain waveform). The wireless device 205 may transmit the time domain waveform. Another wireless device 205 may receive the transmitted time domain waveform and perform an inverse process (e.g., FFT followed by two inverse DFTs) to extract the first subset and the second subset of modulation symbols from the time domain waveform 235, and accordingly extract the modulation symbols associated with the codewords.

[0123] Figure 5An example of a process flow 500 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 500 may include a wireless device 205-c (which may also be referred to as a receiving wireless device or receiver) and a wireless device 205-d (which may also be referred to as a transmitting wireless device or transmitter), which may be examples of wireless devices 205 as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 500, operations between the wireless device 205-c and the wireless device 205-d may be sent in an order different from the example order shown, or operations performed by the wireless device 205-c and the wireless device 205-d may be performed in a different order or at a different time. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 500, and other operations may be added to the process flow 500.

[0124] In some examples, at 505, the wireless device 205-d, which may be a UE 115 (e.g., in an example of uplink transmission to a network entity such as a base station), may send UE capability signaling to the wireless device 205-c (which may be a network entity 105 (e.g., for uplink)), indicating the ability of the wireless device 205-d to perform a first inverse DFT and a second inverse DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency. In such an example, at 510, the wireless device 205-c may send control signaling to the wireless device 205-d in response to the UE capability signaling at 505, indicating a configuration for performing the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT on the frequency resources allocated to the wireless device 205-d.

[0125] In some examples, wireless device 205-c and wireless device 205-d may be examples of UE 115 communicating via a sidelink. In such examples, wireless device 205-c or one or both of wireless devices 205 may send capability signaling to wireless device 205-c or the other of wireless devices 205, the capability signaling indicating the ability to receive and / or transmit using multiple DFTs and / or receive using multiple inverse DFTs for frequency resources separated in frequency. Additionally, wireless device 205-c or one or both of wireless devices 205 may send configuration signaling to wireless device 205-c or the other of wireless devices 205 to receive and / or transmit using multiple DFTs and / or receive using multiple inverse DFTs for frequency resources separated in frequency.

[0126] In some examples, at 505, a wireless device 205-d, which may be a network entity 105 (e.g., in an example of a downlink transmission to a UE), may send UE capability signaling to a wireless device 205-c, which may be a UE 115 (e.g., for a downlink). The UE capability signaling may indicate the ability of the wireless device 205-c to perform a first DFT and a second DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency, which may be sent from the wireless device 205-c to the wireless device 205-d. Additionally, in such examples, at 510, the wireless device 205-d may send control signaling to the wireless device 205-c in response to the UE capability signaling at 505, the control signaling indicating a configuration for performing a first DFT and a second DFT on frequency resources allocated to the wireless device 205-c.

[0127] At 515 , the wireless device 205 - d may obtain a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols.

[0128] At 520, the wireless device 205-d may perform a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device 205-d, the second set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of alternative modulation symbols that replace the second subset of modulation symbols.

[0129] At 525, the wireless device 205-d may perform a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources assigned to the wireless device 205-d and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including a second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of alternative modulation symbols that replace the first subset of modulation symbols.

[0130] In some examples, the wireless device 205-d may map a first subset of modulation symbols to a first block of resource elements and a first set of alternative modulation symbols to a second block of resource elements for a first DFT, and map a second set of alternative modulation symbols to the first block and a second subset of modulation symbols to the second block for a second DFT.

[0131] In some examples, the wireless device 205-d may map a first subset of modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and a first set of alternative modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for a first DFT, and map a second set of alternative modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and a second subset of modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for a second DFT.

[0132] In some examples, the wireless device 205-d may map a first subset of modulation symbols to a first set of resource elements interleaved with a second set of resource elements of a first set of alternative modulation symbols for a first DFT, and map a second set of alternative modulation symbols to the first set of resource elements and map a second subset of modulation symbols to the second set of resource elements for a second DFT.

[0133] In some cases, the first set of alternative modulation symbols and the second set of alternative modulation symbols may be zero-power modulation symbols.In some cases, the first subset of modulation symbols may include a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

[0134] In some cases, the wireless device 205 - d may perform a first DFT associated with a number of points and may perform a second DFT associated with a number of points that is equal to the number of modulation symbols in the set of modulation symbols.

[0135] At 530 , the wireless device 205 - d may perform an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform.

[0136] At 535, the wireless device 205-d may transmit a time domain waveform to the wireless device 205-c on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources. In some cases, the time domain waveform is transmitted to the second wireless device, the first set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with the transmission to the third wireless device, and the second set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with the transmission to the third wireless device. In some aspects, the time domain waveform may be a DFT-s-OFDM waveform.

[0137] At 540 , the wireless device 205 - c may perform an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources.

[0138] At 545 , the wireless device 205 - c may perform a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols.

[0139] At 550 , the wireless device 205 - c may perform a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols.

[0140] In some cases, the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT are both associated with a number of points, and the number of points is equal to the number of modulation symbols in the third set of modulation symbols.

[0141] At 555, the wireless device 205-c may obtain a third set of modulation symbols associated with the codeword, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0142] In some cases, the wireless device 205 - c may extract a first subset of modulation symbols from the first block of resource elements from the first set of modulation symbols and extract a second subset of modulation symbols from the second block of resource elements from the second set of modulation symbols,

[0143] In some cases, the wireless device 205 - c may extract a first subset of modulation symbols from odd-indexed resource elements from the first set of modulation symbols and extract a second subset of modulation symbols from even-indexed resource elements from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0144] In some cases, the wireless device 205-c may extract a first subset of modulation symbols from a first set of resource elements interleaved with a second set of resource elements from the first set of modulation symbols, and extract a second subset of modulation symbols from a second set of resource elements interleaved with the first set of resource elements from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0145] In some cases, the first set of modulation symbols includes a first set of alternative modulation symbols including zero-power modulation symbols, and the second set of modulation symbols includes a second set of alternative modulation symbols including zero-power modulation symbols.

[0146] In some cases, the first set of modulation symbols includes a first set of alternative modulation symbols associated with a receiving wireless device other than the wireless device 205-c, and the second set of modulation symbols also includes a second set of alternative modulation symbols associated with a different receiving wireless device.

[0147] In some cases, the first subset of modulation symbols includes a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

[0148] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 of a device 605 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communication manager 620. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0149] Receiver 610 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to multi-cluster low PAPR waveform designs). The information may be communicated to other components of device 605. Receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0150] The transmitter 615 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to multi-cluster low PAPR waveform designs). In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with the receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0151] The communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein. For example, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0152] In some examples, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured to or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0153] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functionality described in the present disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0154] In some examples, communication manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 610, transmitter 615, or both. For example, communication manager 620 may receive information from receiver 610, transmit information to transmitter 615, or be integrated in conjunction with receiver 610, transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0155] The communication manager 620 may support wireless communication at a wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols. The communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the second subset of modulation symbols. The communication manager 620 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the first subset of modulation symbols. The communication manager 620 may be configured or otherwise support components for performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The communication manager 620 may be configured or otherwise support components for sending the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0156] By including or configuring a communication manager 620 according to examples as described herein, a device 605 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, a communication manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficiently utilizing communication resources by enabling transmission of low PAPR waveforms using non-contiguous frequency domain resources.

[0157] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of the device 605 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0158] The receiver 710 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to multi-cluster low PAPR waveform designs). The information may be communicated to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0159] The transmitter 715 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to multi-cluster low PAPR waveform designs). In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0160] The device 705 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720 may include a codeword manager 725, a DFT manager 730, an inverse FFT manager 735, a waveform transmission manager 740, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 720 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 720 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit). For example, the communication manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0161] The communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at a wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The codeword manager 725 may be configured to or otherwise support means for obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols. The DFT manager 730 may be configured to or otherwise support means for performing a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols comprising the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the second subset of modulation symbols. The DFT manager 730 may be configured to or otherwise support means for performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols comprising the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the first subset of modulation symbols. The inverse FFT manager 735 may be configured or otherwise support components for performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The waveform transmission manager 740 may be configured or otherwise support components for transmitting the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0162] Figure 8A block diagram 800 of a communication manager 820 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 820 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 620, the communication manager 720, or both as described herein. The communication manager 820 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein. For example, the communication manager 820 may include a codeword manager 825, a DFT manager 830, an inverse FFT manager 835, a waveform transmission manager 840, a resource element block manager 845, a resource element index manager 850, a resource element interleaving manager 855, a UE capability manager 860, a DFT configuration manager 865, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0163] The communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at a wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The codeword manager 825 may be configured to or otherwise support components for obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols. The DFT manager 830 may be configured to or otherwise support components for performing a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the second subset of modulation symbols. In some examples, the DFT manager 830 may be configured to or otherwise support components for performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the first subset of modulation symbols. The inverse FFT manager 835 may be configured or otherwise support components for performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The waveform transmission manager 840 may be configured or otherwise support components for transmitting the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0164] In some examples, the resource element block manager 845 may be configured or otherwise support components for mapping a first subset of modulation symbols to a first block of resource elements for a first DFT and mapping a first set of alternative modulation symbols to a second block of resource elements. In some examples, the resource element block manager 845 may be configured or otherwise support components for mapping a second set of alternative modulation symbols to a first block and mapping a second subset of modulation symbols to a second block for a second DFT.

[0165] In some examples, resource element index manager 850 may be configured or otherwise support components for mapping a first subset of modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and mapping a first set of alternative modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for a first DFT. In some examples, resource element index manager 850 may be configured or otherwise support components for mapping a second set of alternative modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and mapping a second subset of modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for a second DFT.

[0166] In some examples, the resource element interleaving manager 855 can be configured or otherwise support components for mapping a first subset of modulation symbols for a first DFT to a first set of resource elements interleaved with a second set of resource elements for a first set of alternate modulation symbols. In some examples, the resource element interleaving manager 855 can be configured or otherwise support components for mapping a second set of alternate modulation symbols to a first set of resource elements and mapping a second subset of modulation symbols to a second set of resource elements for a second DFT.

[0167] In some examples, the first set of alternative modulation symbols and the second set of alternative modulation symbols include zero-power modulation symbols.

[0168] In some examples, the time domain waveform is transmitted to the second wireless device, the first set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with the transmission to the third wireless device, and the second set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with the transmission to the third wireless device.

[0169] In some examples, the first subset of modulation symbols includes a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

[0170] In some examples, to support performing a first DFT and performing a second DFT, the DFT manager 830 may be configured as or otherwise support components for performing a first DFT associated with a number of points and a second DFT associated with a number of points that is equal to the number of modulation symbols in a set of modulation symbols.

[0171] In some examples, the wireless device is a UE, and the UE capability manager 860 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending UE capability signaling indicating the UE's ability to perform a first DFT and a second DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency. In some examples, the wireless device is a UE, and the DFT configuration manager 865 may be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving control signaling indicating configuration for performing the first DFT and the second DFT on the frequency resources in response, at least in part, to the UE capability signaling.

[0172] In some examples, the UE capability manager 860 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving UE capability signaling from the UE indicating the UE's ability to perform a first inverse DFT and a second inverse DFT for frequency resources separated in frequency. In some examples, the DFT configuration manager 865 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending control signaling indicating configuration for performing the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT for the frequency resources in response, at least in part, to the UE capability signaling.

[0173] In some examples, the time domain waveform includes a DFT spread frequency division multiplexed waveform.

[0174] Fig. 9 A diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports a multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 905 may be an example of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 905 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller 910, a transceiver 915, an antenna 925, a memory 930, a code 935, and a processor 940. These components may be electronically communicated or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945).

[0175] I / O controller 910 can manage input signals and output signals of device 905. I / O controller 910 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 905. In some cases, I / O controller 910 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 910 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as processor 940). In some cases, a user may interact with device 905 via I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 910.

[0176] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna 925. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna 925, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 925, a wired or wireless link, as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915 or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925 may be examples of transmitters 615, transmitters 715, receivers 610, receivers 710, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0177] The memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 935 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executed by the processor 940, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 930 may also include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0178] The processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 940. The processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., a memory 930) so that the device 905 performs various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design). For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include a processor 940 and a memory 930 coupled to or coupled to the processor 940, and the processor 940 and the memory 930 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0179] The communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at a wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols. The communication manager 920 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the second subset of modulation symbols. The communication manager 920 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the first subset of modulation symbols. The communication manager 920 may be configured or otherwise support components for performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The communication manager 920 may be configured or otherwise support components for sending the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0180] By including or configuring a communication manager 920 according to examples as described herein, the device 905 can support techniques for improved communication reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, and improved utilization of processing power by implementing the use of non-contiguous frequency domain resources to send low PAPR waveforms.

[0181] In some examples, the communication manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 920 may be supported or performed by the processor 940, the memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of the multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein, or the processor 940 and the memory 930 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0182] Fig.10 A block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communication manager 1020. The device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0183] Receiver 1010 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be communicated to other components of device 1005. In some examples, receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0184] The transmitter 1015 may provide means for outputting (e.g., sending, providing, transmitting, conveying) information generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) (such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units)). In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 and the receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0185] The communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0186] In some examples, the communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured as or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, a processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0187] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functionality described in the present disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0188] In some examples, communication manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both. For example, communication manager 1020 may receive information from receiver 1010, transmit information to transmitter 1015, or be integrated in conjunction with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0189] The communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0190] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to the examples described herein, the device 1005 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communication manager 1020, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficiently utilizing communication resources by implementing the use of non-contiguous frequency domain resources to transmit low PAPR waveforms.

[0191] Fig.11 A block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of the device 1005 or network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communication manager 1120. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0192] Receiver 1110 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be communicated to other components of device 1105. In some examples, receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0193] The transmitter 1115 may provide means for outputting (e.g., sending, providing, transmitting, conveying) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) (such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units)). In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0194] The device 1105 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may include a waveform reception manager 1125, an FFT manager 1130, an inverse DFT manager 1135, a codeword manager 1140, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 1120 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 1020 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 1120 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communication manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, transmit information to the transmitter 1115, or be integrated with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0195] The communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The waveform reception manager 1125 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The FFT manager 1130 may be configured to or otherwise support components for performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The inverse DFT manager 1135 may be configured to or otherwise support components for performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols. The inverse DFT manager 1135 may be configured to or otherwise support components for performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols. The codeword manager 1140 may be configured to or otherwise support components for obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0196] Fig.12 A block diagram 1200 of a communication manager 1220 supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1020, the communication manager 1120, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1220 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of the multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1220 may include a waveform reception manager 1225, an FFT manager 1230, an inverse DFT manager 1235, a codeword manager 1240, a resource element block manager 1245, a resource element index manager 1250, a resource element interleaving manager 1255, a UE capability manager 1260, a DFT configuration manager 1265, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), which communication may include communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communication associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with the network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with the network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0197] The communication manager 1220 may support wireless communications at a wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The waveform reception manager 1225 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The FFT manager 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support components for performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The inverse DFT manager 1235 may be configured to or otherwise support components for performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols. In some examples, the inverse DFT manager 1235 may be configured to or otherwise support components for performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols. The codeword manager 1240 may be configured to or otherwise support components for obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0198] In some examples, resource element block manager 1245 may be configured or otherwise support components for extracting a first subset of modulation symbols from a first block of resource elements from a first set of modulation symbols. In some examples, resource element block manager 1245 may be configured or otherwise support components for extracting a second subset of modulation symbols from a second block of resource elements from a second set of modulation symbols.

[0199] In some examples, resource element index manager 1250 may be configured or otherwise support components for extracting a first subset of modulation symbols from odd-indexed resource elements from a first set of modulation symbols. In some examples, resource element index manager 1250 may be configured or otherwise support components for extracting a second subset of modulation symbols from even-indexed resource elements from a second set of modulation symbols.

[0200] In some examples, resource element interleaving manager 1255 may be configured or otherwise support components for extracting, from the first set of modulation symbols, a first subset of modulation symbols from a first set of resource elements interleaved with a second set of resource elements. In some examples, resource element interleaving manager 1255 may be configured or otherwise support components for extracting, from the second set of modulation symbols, a second subset of modulation symbols from a second set of resource elements interleaved with the first set of resource elements.

[0201] In some examples, the first set of modulation symbols also includes a first set of alternative modulation symbols comprising zero-power modulation symbols, and the second set of modulation symbols also includes a second set of alternative modulation symbols comprising zero-power modulation symbols.

[0202] In some examples, the first set of modulation symbols also includes a first set of alternative modulation symbols associated with a different receiving wireless device, and the second set of modulation symbols also includes a second set of alternative modulation symbols associated with a different receiving wireless device.

[0203] In some examples, the first subset of modulation symbols includes a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

[0204] In some examples, the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT are both associated with a number of points, and the number of points is equal to the number of modulation symbols in the third set of modulation symbols.

[0205] In some examples, the wireless device is a network entity, and the UE capability manager 1260 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving UE capability signaling indicating the capability of the UE to perform the first DFT and the second DFT for frequency resources separated in frequency. In some examples, the wireless device is a network entity, and the DFT configuration manager 1265 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending control signaling indicating configuration for the UE to perform the first DFT and the second DFT for the frequency resources in response, at least in part, to the UE capability signaling.

[0206] In some examples, the wireless device is a UE, and the UE capability manager 1260 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending UE capability signaling to a network entity indicating the UE's ability to perform a first inverse DFT and a second inverse DFT for frequency resources separated in frequency. In some examples, the wireless device is a UE, and the DFT configuration manager 1265 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving control signaling indicating configuration for performing the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT for the frequency resources based at least in part on a response to the UE capability signaling.

[0207] In some examples, the time domain waveform includes a DFT spread frequency division multiplexed waveform.

[0208] Fig.13A diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 supporting a multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1305 may be an example of a device 1005, a device 1105, or a network entity 105 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1305 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communication through one or more wired interfaces, through one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1305 may include components that support output and acquisition of communications, such as a communication manager 1320, a transceiver 1310, an antenna 1315, a memory 1325, a code 1330, and a processor 1335. These components may be electronically communicated or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1340).

[0209] As described herein, the transceiver 1310 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both. In some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1305 may include one or more antennas 1315, which may be capable of sending or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1310 may also include a modem for modulating a signal, providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., through one or more antennas 1315, through a wired transmitter), receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1315, from a wired receiver), and demodulating the signal. Where applicable, transceiver 1310 or transceiver 1310 and one or more antennas 1315 or wired interfaces may be examples of transmitter 1015, transmitter 1115, receiver 1010, receiver 1110, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0210] Memory 1325 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1330 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1335, cause device 1305 to perform various functions described herein. Code 1330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1330 may not be directly executable by processor 1335, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1325 may include a BIOS, etc., which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0211] The processor 1335 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1335 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1335. The processor 1335 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1325) so that the device 1305 performs various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design). For example, the device 1305 or a component of the device 1305 may include a processor 1335 and a memory 1325 coupled to the processor 1335, and the processor 1335 and the memory 1325 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. Processor 1335 can be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can host functionality (e.g., by executing code 1330) to perform the functions of device 1305.

[0212] In some examples, bus 1340 may support communications of a protocol layer (e.g., within a protocol layer) of a protocol stack. In some examples, bus 1340 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within a component of device 1305, or communications performed between different components of device 1305 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 1305 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1320, transceiver 1310, memory 1325, code 1330, and processor 1335 may be located in one of these different components or divided between different components).

[0213] In some examples, communication manager 1320 may manage aspects of communications with core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, communication manager 1320 may manage delivery of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, communication manager 1320 may manage communications with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UE 115 in collaboration with other network entities 105. In some examples, communication manager 1320 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0214] The communication manager 1320 may support wireless communication at a wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1320 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The communication manager 1320 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The communication manager 1320 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols. The communication manager 1320 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols. The communication manager 1320 may be configured to or otherwise support components for obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0215] By including or configuring a communication manager 1320 according to examples as described herein, the device 1305 can support techniques for improved communication reliability, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, and improved utilization of processing power by implementing the use of non-contiguous frequency domain resources to send low PAPR waveforms.

[0216] In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1310, one or more antennas 1315 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1320 may be supported or performed by the processor 1335, the memory 1325, the code 1330, the transceiver 1310, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1330 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1335 to cause the device 1305 to perform various aspects of the multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design as described herein, or the processor 1335 and the memory 1325 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0217] Fig.14 1400 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 9 The UE 115 described herein may be executed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0218] At 1405, the method may include performing a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the second subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1405 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The DFT manager 830 is used to execute.

[0219] At 1410, the method may include obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1410 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed as described in reference Figure 8 The codeword manager 825 is used to execute.

[0220] At 1415, the method may include performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including a second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the first subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1415 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The DFT manager 830 is used to execute.

[0221] At 1420, the method may include performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The operations of 1420 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The inverse FFT manager 835 described above is performed.

[0222] At 1425, the method may include sending a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources. The operations of 1425 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1425 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described waveform transmission manager 840 performs.

[0223] Fig.15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 9 The UE 115 described herein may be executed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0224] At 1505, the method may include performing a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the second subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The DFT manager 830 is used to execute.

[0225] At 1510, the method may include obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed as described in reference Figure 8 The codeword manager 825 is used to execute.

[0226] At 1515, the method may include mapping a first subset of modulation symbols to a first block of resource elements and mapping a first set of alternative modulation symbols to a second block of resource elements for a first DFT. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described resource element block manager 845 is performed.

[0227] At 1520, the method may include mapping a second set of alternative modulation symbols to the first block and mapping a second subset of modulation symbols to the second block for a second DFT. The operations of 1520 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described resource element block manager 845 is performed.

[0228] At 1525, the method may include performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including a second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the first subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1525 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1525 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The DFT manager 830 is used to execute.

[0229] At 1530, the method may include performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The operations of 1530 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1530 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The inverse FFT manager 835 described above is performed.

[0230] At 1535, the method may include sending a time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources. The operations of 1535 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1535 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described waveform transmission manager 840 performs.

[0231] Fig.16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 9 The UE 115 described herein may be executed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0232] At 1605, the method may include performing a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the second subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The DFT manager 830 is used to execute.

[0233] At 1610, the method may include obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed as described in reference Figure 8 The codeword manager 825 is used to execute.

[0234] At 1615, the method may include mapping a first subset of modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and mapping a first set of alternative modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for a first DFT. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described resource element index manager 850 is performed.

[0235] At 1620, the method may include mapping a second set of alternative modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and mapping a second subset of modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for a second DFT. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described resource element index manager 850 is performed.

[0236] At 1625, the method may include performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including a second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the first subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1625 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The DFT manager 830 is used to execute.

[0237] At 1630, the method may include performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The operations of 1630 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1630 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The inverse FFT manager 835 described above is performed.

[0238] At 1635, the method may include sending a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources. The operations of 1635 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1635 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described waveform transmission manager 840 performs.

[0239] Fig.17 1700 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 9 The UE 115 described herein may be executed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0240] At 1705, the method may include performing a first DFT on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the second subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The DFT manager 830 is used to execute.

[0241] At 1710, the method may include obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described in reference Figure 8 The codeword manager 825 is used to execute.

[0242] At 1715, the method may include mapping the first subset of modulation symbols to a first set of resource elements interleaved with a second set of resource elements for a first set of alternative modulation symbols for a first DFT. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described resource element interleaving manager 855 is performed.

[0243] At 1720, the method may include mapping a second set of alternative modulation symbols to the first set of resource elements and mapping a second subset of modulation symbols to the second set of resource elements for a second DFT. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described resource element interleaving manager 855 is performed.

[0244] At 1725, the method may include performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols including a second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols that replace the first subset of modulation symbols. The operations of 1725 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1725 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The DFT manager 830 is used to execute.

[0245] At 1730, the method may include performing an IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform. The operations of 1730 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1730 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The inverse FFT manager 835 described above is performed.

[0246] At 1735, the method may include sending a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources. The operations of 1735 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1735 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 8 The described waveform transmission manager 840 performs.

[0247] Fig.18 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 5 as well as Figures 10 to 13 The network entity described herein performs. In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0248] At 1805, the method may include receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The described waveform receive manager 1225 is executed.

[0249] At 1810, the method may include performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The FFT manager 1230 described above is used to perform.

[0250] At 1815, the method may include performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The inverse DFT manager 1235 described above is performed.

[0251] At 1820, the method may include performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 1820 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The inverse DFT manager 1235 described above is performed.

[0252] At 1825, the method may include obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with the codeword, the third set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 1825 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1825 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The codeword manager 1240 is used for execution.

[0253] Fig.19 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 5 as well as Figures 10 to 13 The network entity described herein performs. In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0254] At 1905, the method may include receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The operations of 1905 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The described waveform receive manager 1225 is executed.

[0255] At 1910, the method may include performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The FFT manager 1230 described above is used to perform.

[0256] At 1915, the method may include performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The inverse DFT manager 1235 described above is performed.

[0257] At 1920, the method may include performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 1920 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The inverse DFT manager 1235 described above is performed.

[0258] At 1925, the method may include extracting a first subset of modulation symbols from a first block of resource elements from a first set of modulation symbols. The operations of 1925 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1925 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The described resource element block manager 1245 is performed.

[0259] At 1930, the method may include extracting a second subset of modulation symbols from a second block of resource elements from the second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 1930 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1930 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The described resource element block manager 1245 is performed.

[0260] At 1935, the method may include obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with the codeword, the third set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 1935 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1935 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The codeword manager 1240 is used for execution.

[0261] Fig. 20 2000 is a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 5 as well as Figures 10 to 13 The network entity described herein performs. In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0262] At 2005, the method may include receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The operations of 2005 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The described waveform receive manager 1225 is executed.

[0263] At 2010, the method may include performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The operations of 2010 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The FFT manager 1230 described above is used to perform.

[0264] At 2015, the method may include performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols. The operations of 2015 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The inverse DFT manager 1235 described above is performed.

[0265] At 2020, the method may include performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 2020 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2020 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The inverse DFT manager 1235 described above is performed.

[0266] At 2025, the method may include extracting a first subset of modulation symbols from odd-indexed resource elements from the first set of modulation symbols. The operations of 2025 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2025 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The described resource element index manager 1250 is performed.

[0267] At 2030, the method may include extracting a second subset of modulation symbols from even-indexed resource elements from the second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 2030 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2030 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The described resource element index manager 1250 is performed.

[0268] At 2035, the method may include obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with the codeword, the third set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 2035 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2035 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The codeword manager 1240 is used for execution.

[0269] Fig.212100 is a flowchart illustrating a method 2100 for supporting multi-cluster low PAPR waveform design according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 5 as well as Figures 10 to 13 The network entity described herein performs. In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0270] At 2105, the method may include receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources. The operations of 2105 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The described waveform receive manager 1225 is executed.

[0271] At 2110, the method may include performing an FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources. The operations of 2110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The FFT manager 1230 described above is used to perform.

[0272] At 2115, the method may include performing a first inverse DFT on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols. The operations of 2115 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The inverse DFT manager 1235 described above is performed.

[0273] At 2120, the method may include performing a second inverse DFT on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 2120 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2120 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.12 The inverse DFT manager 1235 described above is performed.

[0274] At 2125, the method may include extracting, from the first set of modulation symbols, a first subset of modulation symbols from the first set of resource elements interleaved with the second set of resource elements. The operations of 2125 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2125 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The described resource element interleaving manager 1255 is performed.

[0275] At 2130, the method may include extracting, from the second set of modulation symbols, a second subset of modulation symbols from a second set of resource elements interleaved with the first set of resource elements. The operations of 2130 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2130 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The described resource element interleaving manager 1255 is performed.

[0276] At 2135, the method may include obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with the codeword, the third set of modulation symbols including a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols. The operations of 2135 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2135 may be performed as described in reference Fig.12 The codeword manager 1240 is used for execution.

[0277] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0278] Aspect 1: A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols; performing a first DFT on the second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols comprising the first subset of modulation symbols and a first set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the second subset of modulation symbols; performing a second DFT on a third set of modulation symbols to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources, the third set of modulation symbols comprising the second subset of modulation symbols and a second set of alternative modulation symbols replacing the first subset of modulation symbols; performing IFFT on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform; and sending the time domain waveform on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

[0279] Aspect 2: According to the method described in Aspect 1, the method also includes: mapping a first subset of the modulation symbols to a first block of resource elements for the first DFT and mapping the first set of the alternative modulation symbols to a second block of resource elements; and mapping a second set of the alternative modulation symbols to the first block and mapping a second subset of the modulation symbols to the second block for the second DFT.

[0280] Aspect 3: According to the method described in Aspect 1, the method also includes: mapping a first subset of the modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and mapping the first set of alternative modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for the first DFT; and mapping a second set of alternative modulation symbols to the odd-indexed resource elements and mapping a second subset of the modulation symbols to the even-indexed resource elements for the second DFT.

[0281] Aspect 4: According to the method described in Aspect 1, the method also includes: mapping a first subset of the modulation symbols to a first group of resource elements interleaved with a second group of resource elements for the first set of alternative modulation symbols for the first DFT; and mapping the second set of alternative modulation symbols to the first group of resource elements and mapping the second subset of the modulation symbols to the second group of resource elements for the second DFT.

[0282] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the first set of alternative modulation symbols and the second set of alternative modulation symbols include zero-power modulation symbols.

[0283] Aspect 6: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the time domain waveform is sent to a second wireless device, the first set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with the transmission to a third wireless device, and the second set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with the transmission to the third wireless device.

[0284] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the first subset of modulation symbols includes a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

[0285] Aspect 8: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein performing the first DFT and performing the second DFT includes: performing the first DFT associated with the number of points and performing the second DFT associated with the number of points, the number of points being equal to the number of modulation symbols in the set of modulation symbols.

[0286] Aspect 9: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the wireless device is a UE, and the method further includes: sending UE capability signaling indicating the UE's ability to perform the first DFT and the second DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency; and receiving control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first DFT and the second DFT on the frequency resources at least partially in response to the UE capability signaling.

[0287] Aspect 10: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the wireless device is a network entity, and the method further includes: receiving UE capability signaling from a UE indicating the UE's ability to perform a first inverse DFT and a second inverse DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency; and sending control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT on the frequency resources at least partially in response to the UE capability signaling.

[0288] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the time domain waveform comprises a DFT-spread frequency division multiplexing waveform.

[0289] Aspect 12: A method for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the method comprising: receiving a time domain waveform on a first group of frequency resources and a second group of frequency resources, the second group of frequency resources being separated from the first group of frequency resources in frequency; performing FFT on the time domain waveform to obtain a first group of frequency domain samples associated with the first group of frequency resources and a second group of frequency domain samples associated with the second group of frequency resources; performing a first inverse DFT on the first group of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols; performing a second inverse DFT on the second group of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols; and obtaining a third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0290] Aspect 13: According to the method of Aspect 12, the method also includes: extracting a first subset of the modulation symbols from the first block of resource elements from the first set of modulation symbols; and extracting a second subset of the modulation symbols from the second block of resource elements from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0291] Aspect 14: According to the method of Aspect 12, the method also includes: extracting a first subset of the modulation symbols from the resource elements with odd indexes from the first set of the modulation symbols; and extracting a second subset of the modulation symbols from the resource elements with even indexes from the second set of the modulation symbols.

[0292] Aspect 15: According to the method described in Aspect 12, the method also includes: extracting a first subset of the modulation symbols from the first set of modulation symbols, which are from a first group of resource elements interleaved with a second group of resource elements; and extracting a second subset of the modulation symbols from the second group of resource elements interleaved with the first group of resource elements from the second set of modulation symbols.

[0293] Aspect 16: A method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 15, wherein the first set of modulation symbols also includes a first set of alternative modulation symbols including zero-power modulation symbols, and the second set of modulation symbols also includes a second set of alternative modulation symbols including zero-power modulation symbols.

[0294] Aspect 17: A method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 16, wherein the first set of modulation symbols also includes a first set of alternative modulation symbols associated with different receiving wireless devices, and the second set of modulation symbols also includes a second set of alternative modulation symbols associated with the different receiving wireless devices.

[0295] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 17, wherein the first subset of modulation symbols includes a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

[0296] Aspect 19: A method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 18, wherein the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT are both associated with a number of points, and the number of points is equal to the number of modulation symbols in the third set of modulation symbols.

[0297] Aspect 20: A method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 19, wherein the wireless device is a network entity, and the method further includes: receiving UE capability signaling indicating the UE's ability to perform a first DFT and a second DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency; and sending control signaling indicating a configuration for the UE to perform the first DFT and the second DFT on the frequency resources, at least partially in response to the UE capability signaling.

[0298] Aspect 21: A method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 20, wherein the wireless device is a UE, and the method further includes: sending UE capability signaling to a network entity indicating the UE's ability to perform the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT on frequency resources separated in frequency; and receiving control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first inverse DFT and the second inverse DFT on the frequency resources based at least in part on a response to the UE capability signaling.

[0299] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 21, wherein the time domain waveform comprises a DFT-spread frequency division multiplexing waveform.

[0300] Aspect 23: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11.

[0301] Aspect 24: An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11.

[0302] Aspect 25: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11.

[0303] Aspect 26: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 22.

[0304] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 12 to 22.

[0305] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 12 to 22.

[0306] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the various operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0307] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0308] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0309] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0310] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium, or sent via a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or a combination of any of these items. Features implementing the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that the various parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0311] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage medium and communication medium, and it includes any medium that facilitates computer program to be transmitted from one place to another place.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage device, disk storage device or other magnetic storage device, or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code parts and any other non-transient medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor in the form of instruction or data structure.In addition, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is sent from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0312] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items followed by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0313] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database or other data structure), ascertaining, and similar actions. Additionally, "determining" may include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data in a memory), and similar actions. Additionally, "determining" may include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0314] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference labels.

[0315] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The specific implementation includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0316] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: Obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols; performing a first discrete Fourier transform on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of the modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols replacing the second subset of the modulation symbols; performing a second discrete Fourier transform on a third set of modulation symbols, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a second subset of the modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols replacing the first subset of the modulation symbols, to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources; performing an inverse fast Fourier transform on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform; as well as The time domain waveform is sent on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: mapping the first subset of modulation symbols to a first block of resource elements and mapping the first set of alternative modulation symbols to a second block of resource elements for the first discrete Fourier transform; as well as A second set of the alternative modulation symbols is mapped to the first block and a second subset of the modulation symbols is mapped to the second block for the second discrete Fourier transform.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: mapping the first subset of modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and mapping the first set of alternative modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for the first discrete Fourier transform; as well as The second set of alternative modulation symbols is mapped to the odd-indexed resource elements and a second subset of the modulation symbols is mapped to the even-indexed resource elements for the second discrete Fourier transform.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: mapping, for the first discrete Fourier transform, a first subset of the modulation symbols to a first set of resource elements interleaved with a second set of resource elements for the first set of substitute modulation symbols; as well as A second set of the alternative modulation symbols is mapped to the first set of resource elements and a second subset of the modulation symbols is mapped to the second set of resource elements for the second discrete Fourier transform. 5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of alternative modulation symbols and the second set of alternative modulation symbols comprise zero-power modulation symbols.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the time domain waveform is transmitted to a second wireless device, the first set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with a transmission to a third wireless device, and the second set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with the transmission to the third wireless device.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first subset of modulation symbols comprises a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the first discrete Fourier transform and performing the second discrete Fourier transform comprises: The first discrete Fourier transform associated with a number of points and the second discrete Fourier transform associated with the number of points are performed, the number of points being equal to the number of modulation symbols in the set of modulation symbols.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless device is a user equipment (UE), the method further comprising: sending UE capability signaling indicating the capability of the UE to perform the first discrete Fourier transform and the second discrete Fourier transform on frequency resources separated in frequency; as well as Control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first discrete Fourier transform and the second discrete Fourier transform for the frequency resources is received at least in part in response to the UE capability signaling.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless device is a network entity, the method further comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), UE capability signaling indicating the UE's ability to perform a first inverse discrete Fourier transform and a second inverse discrete Fourier transform for frequency resources separated in frequency; as well as Control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first and second inverse discrete Fourier transforms for the frequency resources is sent at least in part in response to the UE capability signaling.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the time domain waveform comprises a discrete Fourier transform spread frequency division multiplexing waveform.

12. A method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources; performing a fast Fourier transform on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources; performing a first inverse discrete Fourier transform on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols; performing a second inverse discrete Fourier transform on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols; and A third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword is obtained, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: extracting from the first set of modulation symbols a first subset of the modulation symbols from a first block of resource elements; as well as A second subset of the modulation symbols from a second block of resource elements is extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: extracting from the first set of modulation symbols a first subset of the modulation symbols from odd-indexed resource elements; as well as A second subset of the modulation symbols from even-indexed resource elements is extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

15. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: extracting from the first set of modulation symbols a first subset of the modulation symbols from a first set of resource elements interleaved with a second set of resource elements; as well as A second subset of the modulation symbols from the second set of resource elements interleaved with the first set of resource elements is extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the first set of modulation symbols further comprises a first set of alternative modulation symbols comprising zero-power modulation symbols, and the second set of modulation symbols further comprises a second set of alternative modulation symbols comprising zero-power modulation symbols.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the first set of modulation symbols further comprises a first set of alternative modulation symbols associated with a different receiving wireless device, and the second set of modulation symbols further comprises a second set of alternative modulation symbols associated with the different receiving wireless device.

18. The method of claim 12, wherein the first subset of modulation symbols includes a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

19. The method of claim 12, wherein the first inverse discrete Fourier transform and the second inverse discrete Fourier transform are each associated with a number of points, and the number of points is equal to the number of modulation symbols in the third set of modulation symbols.

20. The method of claim 12, wherein the wireless device is a network entity, the method further comprising: receiving user equipment (UE) capability signaling indicating the capability of the UE to perform a first discrete Fourier transform and a second discrete Fourier transform for frequency resources separated in frequency; as well as Control signaling indicating a configuration for the UE to perform the first discrete Fourier transform and the second discrete Fourier transform for the frequency resources is sent at least in part in response to the UE capability signaling.

21. The method of claim 12, wherein the wireless device is a user equipment (UE), the method further comprising: sending UE capability signaling to a network entity indicating the capability of the UE to perform the first inverse discrete Fourier transform and the second inverse discrete Fourier transform on frequency resources separated in frequency; as well as Based at least in part on receiving control signaling indicating a configuration for performing the first and second inverse discrete Fourier transforms for the frequency resources in response to the UE capability signaling.

22. The method of claim 12, wherein the time domain waveform comprises a discrete Fourier transform spread frequency division multiplexing waveform.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Obtaining a set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword, the set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols; performing a first discrete Fourier transform on a second set of modulation symbols to generate a first set of frequency domain samples associated with a first set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device, the second set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of the modulation symbols and a first set of replacement modulation symbols replacing the second subset of the modulation symbols; performing a second discrete Fourier transform on a third set of modulation symbols, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a second subset of the modulation symbols and a second set of replacement modulation symbols replacing the first subset of the modulation symbols, to generate a second set of frequency domain samples associated with a second set of frequency resources allocated to the wireless device and separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources; performing an inverse fast Fourier transform on the first set of frequency domain samples and the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a time domain waveform; as well as The time domain waveform is sent on the first set of frequency resources and the second set of frequency resources.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: mapping the first subset of modulation symbols to a first block of resource elements and mapping the first set of alternative modulation symbols to a second block of resource elements for the first discrete Fourier transform; and A second set of the alternative modulation symbols is mapped to the first block and a second subset of the modulation symbols is mapped to the second block for the second discrete Fourier transform.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: mapping the first subset of modulation symbols to odd-indexed resource elements and mapping the first set of alternative modulation symbols to even-indexed resource elements for the first discrete Fourier transform; and The second set of alternative modulation symbols is mapped to the odd-indexed resource elements and a second subset of the modulation symbols is mapped to the even-indexed resource elements for the second discrete Fourier transform.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: mapping, for the first discrete Fourier transform, a first subset of the modulation symbols to a first set of resource elements interleaved with a second set of resource elements for the first set of alternative modulation symbols; and A second set of the alternative modulation symbols is mapped to the first set of resource elements and a second subset of the modulation symbols is mapped to the second set of resource elements for the second discrete Fourier transform.

27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein: The first set of alternative modulation symbols and the second set of alternative modulation symbols include zero-power modulation symbols.

28. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the time domain waveform is transmitted to a second wireless device, the first set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with a transmission to a third wireless device, and the second set of alternative modulation symbols is associated with the transmission to the third wireless device.

29. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first subset of modulation symbols comprises a different number of modulation symbols than the second subset of modulation symbols.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receiving a time domain waveform on a first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency resources, the second set of frequency resources being separated in frequency from the first set of frequency resources; performing a fast Fourier transform on the time domain waveform to obtain a first set of frequency domain samples associated with the first set of frequency resources and a second set of frequency domain samples associated with the second set of frequency resources; performing a first inverse discrete Fourier transform on the first set of frequency domain samples to generate a first set of modulation symbols; performing a second inverse discrete Fourier transform on the second set of frequency domain samples to generate a second set of modulation symbols; and A third set of modulation symbols associated with a codeword is obtained, the third set of modulation symbols comprising a first subset of modulation symbols extracted from the first set of modulation symbols and a second subset of modulation symbols extracted from the second set of modulation symbols.

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