A method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for detecting internal bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy, comprising the following steps: Step 1, dividing a plurality of scanning areas according to the composition of the human body's torso, and scanning each scanning area of ​​the injured person using a near-infrared spectrometer; Step 2, using a photodetector to detect scattered light signals emitted from human tissue in real time, and calculating the light absorbance of the human tissue during the scanning process based on the scattered light signals; Step 3, comparing the light absorbance during scanning within the same scanning area to determine whether a blood clot exists and mark the blood clot boundary; Step 4, repeatedly scanning in multiple directions around the blood clot boundary, sequentially comparing the light absorbance during the scanning process, and determining the entire boundary of the blood clot; Step 5, determining the blood clot size and bleeding location based on the entire boundary of the blood clot. The method for detecting internal bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy provided by the present invention can effectively assess the location of bleeding in the body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and in particular to a method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy. Background Art

[0002] Trauma is common in both peacetime and wartime. One of the key issues in trauma management is timely identification of internal organ damage. Internal organ damage can lead to severe bleeding and shock, infection, and peritonitis, which are often life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The mortality rate can be as high as 10-20%. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial.

[0003] Human trauma can be categorized as open and closed. Closed injuries are caused by blunt force, such as crushing, collision, and blast. Compared to open injuries, closed injuries are more clinically significant. However, since closed injuries lack surface wounds, determining the presence of internal organ damage can be challenging. In special circumstances, such as field combat or at the scene of emergencies or disasters, most diagnostic methods for intra-abdominal bleeding are difficult to perform on-site due to limited access. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention proposes a method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy, which is applied to a portable near-infrared spectrometer and includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: dividing the body into several scanning areas according to the composition of the human body, and scanning each of the scanning areas of the injured person using the portable near-infrared spectrometer, wherein the portable near-infrared spectrometer continuously emits near-infrared light toward the skin surface during the scanning process;

[0007] Step 2: Using a photoelectric detector to detect scattered light signals emitted from human tissue in real time, and calculating the light absorbance of the human tissue during the scanning process based on the scattered light signals;

[0008] Step 3: comparing the light absorbance when scanning within the same scanning area; if the difference between the light absorbance at the current scanning position and the light absorbance at the previous scanning position exceeds a preset range, it is determined that a blood clot exists below the current scanning position, and the current scanning position is marked as the first boundary of the blood clot;

[0009] Step 4, repeatedly scanning in multiple directions around the first boundary of the blood clot, sequentially comparing light absorbance during the scanning process, and determining all boundaries of the blood clot;

[0010] Step 5: determining the blood clot size and bleeding location based on the entire boundary of the blood clot.

[0011] Optionally, in step 1, dividing the scanning area into a plurality of areas according to the composition of the human body, and scanning each of the scanning areas of the injured person using the portable near-infrared spectrometer specifically includes:

[0012] The scanning area at least includes a chest scanning area, a back scanning area, an arm scanning area, and a thigh scanning area;

[0013] The scanning speed of the portable near-infrared spectrometer is adjusted according to the difference in the scanning area.

[0014] Optionally, the scanning speeds of the chest scanning area, the back scanning area, the arm scanning area, and the thigh scanning area increase sequentially.

[0015] Optionally, in step 2, the expression of light absorbance is:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, D t is the total light absorbance of the human tissue scanning position, i is the i-th substance in the scanning position, N is the total number of substances in the scanning position, ε i (λ) is the molar extinction coefficient of the i-th substance to light of wavelength λ, c i is the concentration of the i-th substance, and d is the path length of light propagation in the medium.

[0018] Optionally, the wavelength range of the near-infrared light is 680nm-1000nm.

[0019] Optionally, in step 4, repeatedly scanning in multiple directions around the first boundary of the blood clot and sequentially comparing light absorbances during the scanning process to determine all boundaries of the blood clot specifically includes:

[0020] Taking the first boundary of the blood clot as a starting point, scanning in a certain direction around it;

[0021] When the difference between the light absorbance at the current scanning position in the direction and the light absorbance at the previous scanning position in the direction exceeds the preset range, it is determined that no blood clot exists at the current scanning position in the direction, and the previous scanning position in the direction is marked as the second boundary of the blood clot;

[0022] Taking the second boundary of the blood clot as a starting point, scanning is performed in another direction around it to obtain the third boundary of the blood clot, and so on to obtain all boundaries of the blood clot.

[0023] Optionally, the number of directions in which scanning is repeated around the first boundary of the blood clot is 3-7.

[0024] Optionally, the end face of the portable near-infrared spectrometer close to the injured person's skin includes at least two light sources with different wavelengths, one of which is near-infrared light, and the photodetector and the light source are arranged on the same end face of the portable near-infrared spectrometer.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy provided by the present application is applied to a portable near-infrared spectrometer; it comprises the following steps: step 1, dividing a number of scanning areas according to the composition of the human body, and using a near-infrared spectrometer to scan each scanning area of ​​the injured person, and the near-infrared spectrometer continuously emits near-infrared light to the skin surface during the scanning process; step 2, using a photoelectric detector to detect in real time the scattered light signal emitted from the human tissue, and calculating the light absorbance of the human tissue during the scanning process based on the scattered light signal; step 3, comparing the light absorbance during scanning in the same scanning area, if the difference between the light absorbance of the current scanning position and the light absorbance of the previous scanning position exceeds a preset range, it is judged that there is a blood clot below the current scanning position, and the current scanning position is marked as the first boundary of the blood clot; step 4, repeatedly scanning in multiple directions around the first boundary of the blood clot, comparing the light absorbance during the scanning process in turn, and determining all the boundaries of the blood clot; step 5, determining the blood clot size and bleeding position based on all the boundaries of the blood clot. The near-infrared spectroscopy internal bleeding detection method provided in the present application uses a near-infrared spectrometer to scan the victim's external skin by emitting near-infrared light, calculates the absorbance of the human tissue based on the scattered light signal emitted from the human tissue detected by a photoelectric detector, and accurately locates the location of internal bleeding based on the change in absorbance to determine whether internal damage occurs. This can provide a reference for subsequent diagnosis and treatment and is suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Flowchart of the method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with the above-mentioned drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0031] See also Figure 1 , shown is a method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a portable near-infrared spectrometer; the method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy specifically includes steps 1 to 5:

[0032] Step 1: dividing the body into several scanning areas according to the composition of the human body, and scanning each of the scanning areas of the injured person using the portable near-infrared spectrometer, wherein the portable near-infrared spectrometer continuously emits near-infrared light toward the skin surface during the scanning process;

[0033] During specific implementation, the human torso is divided into several scanning areas according to the parts of the human body that may be injured. Optionally, the scanning areas divided according to the human torso include at least a back scanning area, a chest scanning area, an arm scanning area, and a thigh scanning area. It is understandable that there may be a variety of internal organs below the chest scanning area. Damage to the internal organs may cause massive bleeding and shock, infection and peritonitis, and the conditions are mostly critical. If not diagnosed and treated in time, the life of the injured person is endangered. Therefore, the chest scanning area is the key scanning area, followed by the back. Therefore, the scanning speeds of the chest scanning area, the arm scanning area, and the thigh scanning area increase in sequence. It is understandable that the scanning speed of the chest scanning area is the slowest and the scanning result is more accurate. The scanning speeds of the arms, thighs and other areas are faster, which can save the overall scanning time of a single injured person.

[0034] After determining the scanning area, a near-infrared spectrometer is used to scan each of the scanning areas of the injured person in turn. Optionally, the near-infrared spectrometer can be a handheld portable near-infrared spectrometer that can be used outdoors. The near-infrared spectrometer can include at least two front and rear end faces. The front end face is defined as the end face in contact with the injured person's skin, and the rear end face is the end face seen by the user. The front end face of the infrared spectrometer includes at least two light sources with different wavelengths, one of which has a near-infrared wavelength. The near-infrared spectrometer is used to scan each scanning area of ​​the injured person. When the near-infrared light source is started, near-infrared light is continuously emitted to human tissue during the scanning process on the injured person's skin. The wavelength range of the near-infrared light is 680nm-1000nm. Optionally, in this embodiment, two light sources are arranged on the front end face of the near-infrared spectrometer, and the wavelengths of the two light sources are 690nm and 805nm, respectively.

[0035] Step 2: Using a photoelectric detector to detect scattered light signals emitted from human tissue in real time, and calculating the light absorbance of the human tissue during the scanning process based on the scattered light signals;

[0036] In specific implementation, the photodetector is also arranged together with the near-infrared spectrometer and the light source, and is also arranged on the front end surface. The near-infrared light emitted by the light source enters the human tissue and is scattered before entering the photodetector. The photodetector receives the scattered light signal in real time and calculates the light absorption of the human tissue during the scanning process based on the received scattered light signal. In this embodiment, a biological tissue model can be constructed first to obtain a perturbation matrix related to the optical parameters inside the tissue and the position of the light source detector, and the obtained perturbation matrix can be used to reconstruct an image of the tissue optical parameters (absorption coefficient).

[0037] Alternatively, the expression for light absorbance is:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, D t is the total light absorbance of the human tissue scanning position, i is the i-th substance in the scanning position, N is the total number of substances in the scanning position, ε i (λ) is the molar extinction coefficient of the i-th substance to light of wavelength λ, c i is the concentration of the i-th substance, and d is the path length of light propagation in the medium.

[0040] In specific implementation, a photoplethysmography detection method can be used, using near-infrared light as the detection light source. After the photons enter the human tissue, they propagate and the energy of the photons detected by the detector is recorded, thereby calculating the maximum depth of the photons reaching the tissue and the effective detection depth. The human body's epidermis, muscles, fat, bones, tissue fluid, blood, etc. will absorb and scatter photons. For healthy people, the absorption and scattering effects of the epidermis, muscles, fat, and bones in the scanning areas such as the chest, arms, thighs, and back are approximately constant, and the tissue fluid is distributed between tissues. Blood is distributed in blood vessels, so its absorption and scattering of photons is relatively stable. When scanning a certain scanning area of ​​healthy human tissue, the light absorption of human tissue should be relatively stable; in the blood, hemoglobin can absorb photons; therefore, when the i-th substance is hemoglobin, it can indirectly reflect the absorbance of blood to photons; similarly, there are corresponding absorbing substances in the tissue fluid, which constitute the overall absorbance; the detection depth of the detection device can be obtained through theoretical simulation, and the spatial distribution of the absorption coefficient in the body can be reconstructed through reconstruction theory to obtain information related to bleeding.

[0041] Step 3: comparing the light absorbance when scanning within the same scanning area; if the difference between the light absorbance at the current scanning position and the light absorbance at the previous scanning position exceeds a preset range, it is determined that a blood clot exists below the current scanning position, and the current scanning position is marked as the first boundary of the blood clot;

[0042] In a specific implementation, when a certain trunk of the human body is scanned, for example, when the chest cavity is scanned, for healthy human tissue, the absorbance change during the scanning process is relatively stable; when there is a sudden change in the absorbance at a certain scanning position when scanning the chest cavity, and the difference with the absorbance at the previous scanning position exceeds a preset range; it can be understood that the blood in the blood vessels flows into the tissue fluid, and the blood and tissue fluid mix together to form a mixed liquid, resulting in a change in the total absorbance of the tissue, that is, a blood clot may appear below the current scanning position, and the current scanning position is the first boundary of the blood clot; it can be understood that since the organ tissues under the skin tissue of different trunks of the human body are different, when performing absorbance comparison, the absorbance within the same scanning area is continuously compared, rather than comparing the absorbance within different scanning areas; for example, when performing a partial chest cavity scan, the absorbance during the chest cavity scanning process is continuously compared, rather than comparing the absorbance during the chest cavity scan and the arm scan. The comparison of the remaining scanning areas is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0043] Step 4, repeatedly scanning in multiple directions around the first boundary of the blood clot, sequentially comparing light absorbance during the scanning process, and determining all boundaries of the blood clot;

[0044] In a specific implementation, when a blood clot is detected by scanning, a partial boundary of the blood clot is obtained, and further scanning is required around the blood clot to determine all boundaries of the blood clot.

[0045] Optionally, scanning is repeated in multiple directions around the first boundary of the blood clot, and the light absorbance during the scanning process is compared in sequence to determine the entire boundary of the blood clot, which specifically includes: starting from the first boundary of the blood clot, scanning in a certain direction around it; when the difference between the light absorbance of the current scanning position in that direction and the light absorbance of the previous scanning position in that direction exceeds a preset range, it is determined that no blood clot exists at the current scanning position in that direction, and the previous scanning position in that direction is marked as the second boundary of the blood clot; starting from the second boundary of the blood clot, scanning is performed in another direction around it to obtain the third boundary of the blood clot, and so on, to obtain the entire boundary of the blood clot.

[0046] In a specific implementation, the directions of repeated scanning around the first boundary of the blood clot are 3-7; illustratively, when the scanning direction is from front to back, the directions of repeated scanning around the first boundary of the blood clot are 3, because the scanning direction is from front to back, there is no blood clot in the scanned area, so the 3 directions are front, left, and right; when the scanning direction is from front to back, the directions of repeated scanning around the first boundary of the blood clot are 7, similarly because the scanning direction is from front to back, there is no blood clot in the scanned area, so the 7 directions are left back, left, left front, front, right front, right, and right back.

[0047] When scanning in a certain direction, because the absorbance of the mixture composed of blood and tissue fluid is similar, when there is a blood clot at the bottom of the scan in a certain direction, the absorbance is not much different from the absorbance of the previous scanning position, that is, there is always a blood clot at the bottom of the scan; if the difference in light absorbance between the current scanning position in the direction and the previous scanning position in the direction exceeds the preset range, it means that the second boundary of the blood clot has been reached; similarly, the scan is repeated with the second boundary as the starting point, and the scanning process is similar, and then the third boundary, fourth boundary... of the blood clot are determined, and finally all the boundaries of the blood clot are obtained.

[0048] Step 5: determining the blood clot size and bleeding location based on the entire boundary of the blood clot.

[0049] After obtaining all the boundaries of the blood clot, the size of the blood clot, that is, the area and shape of the blood clot, can be calculated to evaluate the amount of bleeding; further, based on the position of the blood clot boundary on the human torso, the possible bleeding location can be evaluated to facilitate subsequent targeted rescue.

[0050] In summary, the in vivo bleeding detection method based on near-infrared spectroscopy provided by the present application is applied to a portable near-infrared spectrometer; it includes the following steps: step one, dividing a number of scanning areas according to the composition of the human body, and using a near-infrared spectrometer to scan each scanning area of ​​the injured person, and the near-infrared spectrometer continuously emits near-infrared light to the skin surface during the scanning process; step two, using a photoelectric detector to detect the scattered light signal emitted from the human tissue in real time, and calculating the light absorbance of the human tissue during the scanning process based on the scattered light signal; step three, comparing the light absorbance when scanning in the same scanning area, if the difference between the light absorbance of the current scanning position and the light absorbance of the previous scanning position exceeds a preset range, it is judged that there is a blood clot below the current scanning position, and the current scanning position is marked as the first boundary of the blood clot; step four, repeatedly scanning in multiple directions around the first boundary of the blood clot, comparing the light absorbance during the scanning process in turn, and determining the entire boundary of the blood clot; step five, determining the blood clot size and bleeding position based on the entire boundary of the blood clot. The near-infrared spectroscopy internal bleeding detection method provided in the present application uses a near-infrared spectrometer to scan the victim's external skin by emitting near-infrared light, calculates the absorbance of the human tissue based on the scattered light signal emitted from the human tissue detected by a photoelectric detector, and accurately locates the location of internal bleeding based on the change in absorbance to determine whether internal damage occurs. This can provide a reference for subsequent diagnosis and treatment and is suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0051] It should be noted that the above implementation process is only to illustrate the feasibility of this application, but it does not mean that the near-infrared spectroscopy-based in vivo bleeding detection method of this application is only subject to the above-mentioned implementation processes. On the contrary, as long as the near-infrared spectroscopy-based in vivo bleeding detection method of this application can be implemented, it can be included in the feasible implementation plan of this application.

[0052] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0053] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy, applied to a portable near-infrared spectrometer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: dividing the body into several scanning areas according to the composition of the human body, and scanning each of the scanning areas of the injured person using the portable near-infrared spectrometer, wherein the portable near-infrared spectrometer continuously emits near-infrared light toward the skin surface during the scanning process; Step 2: Using a photoelectric detector to detect scattered light signals emitted from human tissue in real time, and calculating the light absorbance of the human tissue during the scanning process based on the scattered light signals; Step 3: comparing the light absorbance when scanning within the same scanning area; if the difference between the light absorbance at the current scanning position and the light absorbance at the previous scanning position exceeds a preset range, it is determined that a blood clot exists below the current scanning position, and the current scanning position is marked as the first boundary of the blood clot; Step 4, repeatedly scanning in multiple directions around the first boundary of the blood clot, sequentially comparing light absorbance during the scanning process, and determining all boundaries of the blood clot; Step 5, determining the blood clot size and bleeding location based on the entire boundary of the blood clot; In the step 2, the expression of the light absorbance is: in, is the total light absorption at the scanning position of human tissue, The first position in the scan species of substances, is the total amount of matter in the scan position, For the The wavelength of the substance The molar extinction coefficient of light, For the The concentration of a substance, is the path length of light propagating in the medium; In step 4, repeatedly scanning in multiple directions around the first boundary of the blood clot and sequentially comparing light absorbance during the scanning process to determine all boundaries of the blood clot specifically includes: Taking the first boundary of the blood clot as a starting point, scanning in a certain direction around it; When the difference between the light absorbance at the current scanning position in the direction and the light absorbance at the previous scanning position in the direction exceeds the preset range, it is determined that no blood clot exists at the current scanning position in the direction, and the previous scanning position in the direction is marked as the second boundary of the blood clot; Taking the second boundary of the blood clot as a starting point, scanning is performed in another direction around it to obtain the third boundary of the blood clot, and so on to obtain all boundaries of the blood clot.

2. The method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the step of dividing the scanning areas according to the body composition of the human body and scanning the injured person's respective scanning areas with the portable near-infrared spectrometer specifically includes: The scanning area at least includes a chest scanning area, a back scanning area, an arm scanning area, and a thigh scanning area; The scanning speed of the portable near-infrared spectrometer is adjusted according to the difference in the scanning area.

3. The method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near infrared spectroscopy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The scanning speeds of the chest scanning area, the back scanning area, the arm scanning area, and the thigh scanning area increase in sequence.

4. The method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength range of the near-infrared light is 680nm-1000nm.

5. The method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of directions in which scanning is repeated toward the first boundary of the blood clot is 3-7.

6. The method for detecting in vivo bleeding based on near infrared spectroscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end face of the portable near-infrared spectrometer close to the skin of the injured person includes at least two light sources with different wavelengths, one of which is near-infrared light. The photodetector and the light source are arranged on the same end face of the portable near-infrared spectrometer.

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