Laser additive manufacturing device and method for high-hardness gradient composite material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-hardness composite material laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a high-hardness gradient composite material laser additive manufacturing device and method.The high-hardness gradient composite material laser additive manufacturing device comprises an environment sealing system, a powder storage part, a powder conveying line, a tail end powder outlet part and a laser main light cylinder; the tail end powder outlet part and the laser main light barrel are both installed in the environment sealing system, the laser main light barrel is located in the middle of the environment sealing system, and the tail end powder outlet part comprises a first tail end powder outlet mechanism, a second tail end powder outlet mechanism, a third tail end powder outlet mechanism and a fourth tail end powder outlet mechanism. Manufacturing of a high-hardness composite material structure is achieved through laser additive manufacturing, one or more materials with the high hardness performance are embedded into a metal matrix through laser additive manufacturing, the materials with the high hardness performance basically do not participate in metal recrystallization in the additive manufacturing process, and the material performance is completely reserved; and laser additive manufacturing of products with special requirements such as complexity and light weight can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing of high-hardness composite materials, and in particular to a laser additive manufacturing device and method for high-hardness gradient composite materials. Background Art

[0002] At present, high-hardness metals and metal compounds such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, and vanadium generally have high melting point characteristics and are important in the fields of chemical industry, nuclear power, aerospace, etc. Due to the high melting point and other reasons, these materials are mostly manufactured using powder metallurgy. As the structure of such products becomes more complex and lightweight, traditional powder metallurgy processes are no longer competent.

[0003] In existing powder metallurgy manufacturing, due to the high melting point characteristics of high-hardness metals and metal compounds such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, and vanadium, powder metallurgy processes are mostly used for manufacturing. However, with the market demand for the complexity and lightweight of the structure of such products, the powder metallurgy process is unable to cope with the problem. Therefore, a laser additive manufacturing device and method for high-hardness gradient composite materials are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a laser additive manufacturing device and method for high-hardness gradient composite materials, which realizes the manufacturing of a high-hardness composite material structure through laser additive manufacturing, and embeds one or more materials with high hardness properties in a metal matrix through laser additive manufacturing. During the additive process, the materials with high hardness properties basically do not participate in metal recrystallization, and the material properties are completely retained. Laser additive manufacturing of products with special requirements such as complication and lightweight can be achieved. Through powders of different particle sizes of matrix material and high hardness material, the characteristic material added by melting and coating the matrix material is achieved. During the laser additive process, the materials with high hardness properties basically do not participate in metal recrystallization, and the material properties are completely retained. Laser additive manufacturing of products with special requirements such as complication and lightweight can be achieved. The gaps in the high-hardness material are filled with the matrix material to serve as a skeleton structure, which is suitable for the local structure of parts.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is a laser additive manufacturing device for high-hardness gradient composite materials, including an environmental sealing system, a powder storage part, a powder conveying line, an end powder outlet part and a laser main light cylinder, the end powder outlet part and the laser main light cylinder are both installed in the environmental sealing system, the laser main light cylinder is located in the middle of the environmental sealing system, the end powder outlet part includes a first end powder outlet mechanism, a second end powder outlet mechanism, a third end powder outlet mechanism and a fourth end powder outlet mechanism, the first end powder outlet mechanism, the second end powder outlet mechanism, the third end powder outlet mechanism and the fourth end powder outlet mechanism are installed at equal distances along the outer circumference of the laser main light cylinder.

[0006] Specifically, the bottom output end of the laser main light tube forms an optical path, and the first end powder outlet mechanism, the second end powder outlet mechanism, the third end powder outlet mechanism and the fourth end powder outlet mechanism are all arranged at an angle, and the intersection of the output directions of the first end powder outlet mechanism, the second end powder outlet mechanism, the third end powder outlet mechanism and the fourth end powder outlet mechanism is located on the optical path.

[0007] Specifically, the powder conveying line includes a first powder conveying line and a second powder conveying line. The ends of the first powder conveying line are respectively connected to the first end powder discharge mechanism and the third end powder discharge mechanism feed end, and the ends of the second powder conveying line are respectively connected to the second end powder discharge mechanism and the fourth end powder discharge mechanism feed end.

[0008] Specifically, the powder storage section includes a first powder storage tank and a second powder storage tank, the discharge end of the first powder storage tank is connected to the starting end of the first powder conveying line, and the discharge end of the second powder storage tank is connected to the starting end of the second powder conveying line.

[0009] A method for manufacturing a laser additive manufacturing device for a high-hardness gradient composite material comprises the following specific steps:

[0010] Step 1: Select a base material and one or more high-hardness materials. The base material is responsible for filling the gaps in the high-hardness material, thereby serving as a skeleton structure for the high-hardness material.

[0011] Step 2: Take 15 groups of samples of base material and high-hardness material, first conduct a laser single-pass test on the base material to match the parameters of laser power, scanning speed, and powder delivery rate, and determine the forming parameters of the single material based on the material single-pass test measurement results and sectioning results. This parameter is used as the parameter of the base material in laser additive manufacturing;

[0012] Step 3: Based on the parameters of laser additive manufacturing of the base material, a laser single-pass test is performed on one or more groups of high-hardness materials, and the parameters of the base material laser single-pass test group with a melting rate of no more than 10% of the base material under the same parameters of the base material are selected as the laser additive parameters, and the volume fraction of the high-hardness material is determined according to the requirements, and the volume fraction is converted into the mass fraction of the material;

[0013] Step 4: placing the base material and the high-hardness material in the first powder storage tank and the second powder storage tank respectively, conveying the base material to the first terminal powder discharging mechanism and the third terminal powder discharging mechanism through the first powder conveying line, and conveying the high-hardness material to the second terminal powder discharging mechanism and the fourth terminal powder discharging mechanism through the second powder conveying line, thereby completing multi-channel powder conveying;

[0014] Step 5: Use laser deposition to perform gradient transition metallurgical bonding or independent printing of the base material and the high-hardness material to form the main body of the part.

[0015] Through the above technical scheme, the material with high hardness performance basically does not participate in the metal recrystallization during the additive process, and the material performance is completely retained. Laser additive manufacturing of products with special requirements such as complexity and lightweight can be realized. Through powders of different particle sizes of matrix material and high hardness material, the matrix material is melted and coated with the added characteristic material. In the process of laser additive, the material with high hardness performance basically does not participate in the metal recrystallization, and the material performance is completely retained. Laser additive manufacturing of products with special requirements such as complexity and lightweight can be realized. The gaps in the high hardness material are filled with the matrix material to act as a skeleton structure, which is suitable for the local structure of parts.

[0016] Specifically, the specific steps of the laser additive manufacturing are as follows:

[0017] Step 1: powder is delivered to the optical path working surface of the laser main light tube through the first end powder delivery mechanism and the third end powder delivery mechanism, and at the same time, powder is delivered to the optical path working surface of the laser main light tube through the second end powder delivery mechanism and the fourth end powder delivery mechanism, so that the powder particles of the matrix material are filled in the gaps of the powder particles of the high hardness material;

[0018] Step 2: The optical path formed by the laser radiation energy of the laser main light tube completely melts the matrix material on the working surface, and the completely melted matrix material forms a molten pool. The unmelted high-hardness material is located inside the molten pool and is not reacted, and the original characteristics of the high-hardness material are maintained, thereby completing the laser deposition manufacturing of the high-hardness composite material.

[0019] Specifically, the optical path formed by the laser radiation energy of the laser main light tube scans the powder by adopting a short-side light-off non-backfill negative overlap method to perform interlayer scanning and forming, and the interlayer scanning trajectory is staggered at right angles to reduce local heat input during the forming process.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, interlayer scanning and forming are performed by short-side light-off non-backfilling negative overlap mode, which helps to reduce energy waste during laser scanning, improve scanning efficiency, and reduce the heat-affected area, thereby reducing the risk of thermal stress concentration. After forming a layer, the laser scanning line will not scan the same area again for backfilling, which helps to reduce printing time and reduce the increase in heat input caused by multiple scanning of the same area. When scanning between layers, the scanning lines between two adjacent layers do not completely overlap, but form a "negative" overlapping area. The scanning lines of the latter layer only partially cover the scanning lines of the previous layer, or do not cover them at all, thereby forming a special scanning mode, the purpose of which is to reduce interlayer heat input, reduce the risk of thermal stress concentration, and may improve the printing quality and accuracy of parts;

[0021] Similarly, right-angle staggering means that during interlayer scanning, the scanning tracks of two adjacent layers are staggered at a right angle of 90 degrees, which helps to distribute heat input more evenly and reduce heat accumulation caused by continuous scanning in the same direction. At the same time, it improves the strength and rigidity of the parts because the scanning tracks in different directions can support each other, reducing deformation and warping during the printing process.

[0022] Specifically, the base material is TC4, and the high hardness material is WC.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: powders of different particle sizes are used to achieve the melting and coating of the matrix material to add the characteristic material, and a high-hardness material-compliant structure is manufactured through laser additive manufacturing. One or more materials with high hardness properties are embedded in the metal matrix through laser additive manufacturing, and the materials with high hardness properties basically do not participate in the metal recrystallization during the additive process, and the material properties are completely retained. Laser additive manufacturing of products with special requirements such as complication and lightweight can be achieved, and the gaps in the high-hardness material are filled with the matrix material to act as a skeleton structure, which is suitable for the local structure of parts. It solves the problem that in existing powder metallurgy manufacturing, due to the high melting point characteristics of high-hardness metals and metal compounds such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, and vanadium, powder metallurgy processes are mostly used for manufacturing, but with the market demand for the complication and lightweight of the structure of such products, powder metallurgy processes are unable to cope with the problem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the laser additive manufacturing device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the measurement results of a single-pass process test of laser deposition manufacturing according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of a single-channel test of the laser additive manufacturing substrate material of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a morphology diagram of a single-pass test molten pool of a laser additive manufacturing substrate material of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the right-angle interlacing of the nth layer and the n+1th layer of the interlayer scanning track of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is the metallographic structure diagram of test block No. 01 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is the metallographic structure diagram of test block No. 02 of the present invention;

[0032] In the figure: a laser main light tube 1, a first end powder discharge mechanism 11, a second end powder discharge mechanism 12, a third end powder discharge mechanism 13, a fourth end powder discharge mechanism 14, a first powder conveying line 21, a second powder conveying line 22, an environmental sealing system 3, and an optical path 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0034] As an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1-7 As shown, a laser additive manufacturing device for a high-hardness gradient composite material described in the present invention includes an environmental sealing system 3, a powder storage unit, a powder conveying line, a terminal powder outlet unit and a laser main light cylinder 1, wherein the terminal powder outlet unit and the laser main light cylinder 1 are both installed in the environmental sealing system 3, and the laser main light cylinder 1 is located in the middle of the environmental sealing system 3, and the terminal powder outlet unit includes a first terminal powder outlet mechanism 11, a second terminal powder outlet mechanism 12, a third terminal powder outlet mechanism 13 and a fourth terminal powder outlet mechanism 14, and the first terminal powder outlet mechanism 11, the second terminal powder outlet mechanism 12, the third terminal powder outlet mechanism 13 and the fourth terminal powder outlet mechanism 14 are installed at equal distances along the outer periphery of the laser main light cylinder 1.

[0035] The present invention also includes that the bottom output end of the laser main light tube 1 forms an optical path 4, the first end powder outlet mechanism 11, the second end powder outlet mechanism 12, the third end powder outlet mechanism 13 and the fourth end powder outlet mechanism 14 are all arranged at an angle, and the intersection of the output directions of the first end powder outlet mechanism 11, the second end powder outlet mechanism 12, the third end powder outlet mechanism 13 and the fourth end powder outlet mechanism 14 is located on the optical path 4.

[0036] The present invention also includes that the powder conveying line includes a first powder conveying line 21 and a second powder conveying line 22, the ends of the first powder conveying line 21 are respectively connected to the feed ends of the first terminal powder discharge mechanism 11 and the third terminal powder discharge mechanism 13, and the ends of the second powder conveying line 22 are respectively connected to the feed ends of the second terminal powder discharge mechanism 12 and the fourth terminal powder discharge mechanism 14.

[0037] The present invention also includes that the powder storage part includes a first powder storage tank and a second powder storage tank, the discharge end of the first powder storage tank is connected to the starting end of the first powder conveying line 21, and the discharge end of the second powder storage tank is connected to the starting end of the second powder conveying line 22.

[0038] A method for manufacturing a laser additive manufacturing device for a high-hardness gradient composite material comprises the following specific steps:

[0039] Step 1: Select a base material and one or more high-hardness materials. The base material is responsible for filling the gaps in the high-hardness material, thereby serving as a skeleton structure for the high-hardness material.

[0040] Step 2: Take 15 groups of samples of base material and high-hardness material, first conduct a laser single-pass test on the base material to match the parameters of laser power, scanning speed, and powder delivery rate, and determine the forming parameters of the single material based on the material single-pass test measurement results and sectioning results. This parameter is used as the parameter of the base material in laser additive manufacturing;

[0041] Step 3: Based on the parameters of laser additive manufacturing of the base material, a laser single-pass test is performed on one or more groups of high-hardness materials, and the parameters of the base material laser single-pass test group with a melting rate of no more than 10% of the base material under the same parameters of the base material are selected as the laser additive parameters, and the volume fraction of the high-hardness material is determined according to the requirements, and the volume fraction is converted into the mass fraction of the material;

[0042] Step 4: placing the base material and the high-hardness material in the first powder storage tank and the second powder storage tank respectively, conveying the base material to the first terminal powder discharging mechanism 11 and the third terminal powder discharging mechanism 13 through the first powder conveying line 21, and conveying the high-hardness material to the second terminal powder discharging mechanism 12 and the fourth terminal powder discharging mechanism 14 through the second powder conveying line 22, thereby completing multi-channel powder conveying;

[0043] Step 5: Use laser deposition to perform gradient transition metallurgical bonding or independent printing of the base material and the high-hardness material to form the main body of the part.

[0044] The present invention also includes that the specific steps of the laser additive manufacturing are as follows:

[0045] Step 1: powder is delivered to the working surface of the optical path 4 of the laser main light tube 1 through the first end powder delivery mechanism 11 and the third end powder delivery mechanism 13, and at the same time, powder is delivered to the working surface of the optical path 4 of the laser main light tube 1 through the second end powder delivery mechanism 12 and the fourth end powder delivery mechanism 14, so that the powder particles of the matrix material are filled in the gaps of the powder particles of the high hardness material;

[0046] Step 2: The optical path 4 formed by the laser radiation energy of the laser main light tube 1 completely melts the matrix material on the working surface, and the completely melted matrix material forms a molten pool. The unmelted high-hardness material is located inside the molten pool and is not reacted, and the original characteristics of the high-hardness material are maintained, thereby completing the laser deposition manufacturing of the high-hardness composite material.

[0047] The present invention also includes that the optical path 4 formed by the laser radiation energy of the laser main light tube 1 scans the powder by adopting a short-side light-off non-backfill negative overlap method to perform interlayer scanning forming, and the interlayer scanning trajectory adopts a right-angle staggered method to reduce local heat input during the forming process.

[0048] Among them, interlayer scanning and forming by short-side light-off non-backfilling negative overlap helps to reduce energy waste during laser scanning, improve scanning efficiency, and reduce the heat-affected area, thereby reducing the risk of thermal stress concentration. After forming a layer, the laser scanning line will not scan the same area again for backfilling, which helps to reduce printing time and reduce the increase in heat input caused by multiple scanning of the same area. When scanning between layers, the scanning lines between two adjacent layers do not completely overlap, but form a "negative" overlapping area. The scanning lines of the latter layer only partially cover the scanning lines of the previous layer, or do not cover them at all, thereby forming a special scanning mode, the purpose of which is to reduce interlayer heat input, reduce the risk of thermal stress concentration, and may improve the printing quality and accuracy of parts;

[0049] Similarly, right-angle staggering means that during interlayer scanning, the scanning tracks of two adjacent layers are staggered at a right angle of 90 degrees, which helps to distribute heat input more evenly and reduce heat accumulation caused by continuous scanning in the same direction. At the same time, it improves the strength and rigidity of the parts because the scanning tracks in different directions can support each other, reducing deformation and warping during the printing process.

[0050] The present invention also includes that the base material is TC4 and the high hardness material is WC.

[0051] The present invention also includes, after the laser deposition manufacturing of the high-hardness composite material is completed, taking two pieces of laser deposition manufacturing as test blocks, and performing surface hardness testing and metallographic structure testing to further confirm that the method of the present application meets the local structural use requirements of high-hardness parts.

[0052] Specifications of base materials and high-hardness materials and laser additive manufacturing parameter table:

[0053]

[0054] 15 sets of laser deposition manufacturing single-pass process test measurement results table:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Test block surface hardness 5 times test table:

[0058]

[0059] When the present invention is used, a base material and one or more high-hardness materials are selected. The base material is responsible for filling the gaps in the high-hardness materials, thereby acting as a skeleton structure of the high-hardness materials. 15 groups of base material and high-hardness material working samples are taken, and a laser single-channel test is first performed on the base material to match the parameters of laser power, scanning speed, and powder delivery rate. The forming parameters of a single material are determined based on the material single-channel test measurement results and the sectioning results. The parameters are used as the parameters of the base material in laser additive manufacturing. Based on the parameters of the base material laser additive manufacturing, one or more groups of high A laser single-pass test is performed on the hardness material, and the parameters of the laser single-pass test group of the base material in which the melting rate of the high-hardness material is not greater than 10% under the same parameters of the base material are selected as the laser additive parameters, and the volume fraction of the high-hardness material is determined according to the needs, and the volume fraction is converted into the mass fraction of the material, and the base material and the high-hardness material are placed in the first powder storage tank and the second powder storage tank respectively, and the base material is transported to the first terminal powder discharge mechanism 11 and the third terminal powder discharge mechanism 13 through the first powder conveying line 21, and the high-hardness material is transported to the second terminal powder discharge mechanism 13 through the second powder conveying line 22. The powder delivery mechanism 12 at the end and the fourth powder delivery mechanism 14 at the end complete the multi-path powder delivery. The powder is delivered to the optical path 4 working surface of the laser main light tube 1 through the first powder delivery mechanism 11 and the third powder delivery mechanism 13 at the end. At the same time, the powder is delivered to the optical path 4 working surface of the laser main light tube 1 through the second powder delivery mechanism 12 and the fourth powder delivery mechanism 14 at the end, so that the powder particles of the matrix material are filled in the gaps between the powder particles of the high hardness material. The optical path 4 formed by the laser radiation energy of the laser main light tube 1 completely melts the matrix material on the working surface, and the completely melted matrix material forms a molten pool. The unmelted high-hardness material is located inside the molten pool and is not reacted, and the original properties of the high-hardness material are maintained, completing the laser deposition manufacturing of high-hardness composite materials. Through powders of different particle sizes of matrix material and high-hardness material, the matrix material is melted and coated with the added characteristic material. During the laser additive process, the high-hardness material basically does not participate in metal recrystallization, and the material properties are completely retained. It can realize laser additive manufacturing of products with special requirements such as complexity and lightweight, and fill the gaps in the high-hardness material with the matrix material to act as a skeleton structure, which is suitable for the local structure of parts.

[0060] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser additive manufacturing device for high hardness gradient composite materials, characterized in that: The invention comprises an environmental sealing system (3), a powder storage unit, a powder conveying line, a terminal powder outlet unit and a laser main light cylinder (1); the terminal powder outlet unit and the laser main light cylinder (1) are both installed in the environmental sealing system (3); the laser main light cylinder (1) is located in the middle of the environmental sealing system (3); the terminal powder outlet unit comprises a first terminal powder outlet mechanism (11), a second terminal powder outlet mechanism (12), a third terminal powder outlet mechanism (13) and a fourth terminal powder outlet mechanism (14); the first terminal powder outlet mechanism (11), the second terminal powder outlet mechanism (12), the third terminal powder outlet mechanism (13) and the fourth terminal powder outlet mechanism (14) are installed at equal distances along the outer circumference of the laser main light cylinder (1).

2. The laser additive manufacturing device for high hardness gradient composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom output end of the laser main light cylinder (1) forms an optical path (4); the first end powder outlet mechanism (11), the second end powder outlet mechanism (12), the third end powder outlet mechanism (13) and the fourth end powder outlet mechanism (14) are all arranged in an inclined manner; and the intersection of the output directions of the first end powder outlet mechanism (11), the second end powder outlet mechanism (12), the third end powder outlet mechanism (13) and the fourth end powder outlet mechanism (14) is located on the optical path (4).

3. The laser additive manufacturing device for high hardness gradient composite materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The powder conveying line comprises a first powder conveying line (21) and a second powder conveying line (22), wherein the ends of the first powder conveying line (21) are respectively connected to the feeding ends of the first terminal powder discharging mechanism (11) and the third terminal powder discharging mechanism (13), and the ends of the second powder conveying line (22) are respectively connected to the feeding ends of the second terminal powder discharging mechanism (12) and the fourth terminal powder discharging mechanism (14).

4. The laser additive manufacturing device for high hardness gradient composite materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The powder storage section comprises a first powder storage tank and a second powder storage tank, wherein the discharge end of the first powder storage tank is connected to the starting end of a first powder conveying line (21), and the discharge end of the second powder storage tank is connected to the starting end of a second powder conveying line (22).

5. A method for manufacturing a laser additive manufacturing device for a high hardness gradient composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Select a base material and one or more high-hardness materials. The base material is responsible for filling the gaps in the high-hardness material, thereby serving as a skeleton structure for the high-hardness material. Step 2: Take 15 groups of samples of base material and high-hardness material, first conduct a laser single-pass test on the base material to match the parameters of laser power, scanning speed, and powder delivery rate, and determine the forming parameters of the single material based on the material single-pass test measurement results and sectioning results. This parameter is used as the parameter of the base material in laser additive manufacturing; Step 3: Based on the parameters of laser additive manufacturing of the base material, a laser single-pass test is performed on one or more groups of high-hardness materials, and the parameters of the base material laser single-pass test group with a melting rate of no more than 10% of the base material under the same parameters of the base material are selected as the laser additive parameters, and the volume fraction of the high-hardness material is determined according to the requirements, and the volume fraction is converted into the mass fraction of the material; Step 4: placing the base material and the high-hardness material in the first powder storage tank and the second powder storage tank respectively, conveying the base material to the first terminal powder discharging mechanism (11) and the third terminal powder discharging mechanism (13) through the first powder conveying line (21), and conveying the high-hardness material to the second terminal powder discharging mechanism (12) and the fourth terminal powder discharging mechanism (14) through the second powder conveying line (22), thereby completing multi-path powder conveying; Step 5: Use laser deposition to perform gradient transition metallurgical bonding or independent printing of the base material and the high-hardness material to form the main body of the part.

6. The method for manufacturing a laser additive manufacturing device for a high-hardness gradient composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps of the laser additive manufacturing are as follows: Step 1: powder is delivered to the working surface of the optical path (4) of the laser main light cylinder (1) through the first end powder delivery mechanism (11) and the third end powder delivery mechanism (13), and at the same time, powder is delivered to the working surface of the optical path (4) of the laser main light cylinder (1) through the second end powder delivery mechanism (12) and the fourth end powder delivery mechanism (14), so that the powder particles of the matrix material are filled in the gaps of the powder particles of the high hardness material; Step 2: The base material on the working surface is completely melted through the optical path (4) formed by the laser radiation energy of the laser main light tube (1), and the completely melted base material forms a molten pool. The unmelted high-hardness material is located inside the molten pool and is not reacted, and the original characteristics of the high-hardness material are maintained, thereby completing the laser deposition manufacturing of the high-hardness composite material.

7. The method for manufacturing a laser additive manufacturing device for a high-hardness gradient composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The light path (4) formed by the laser radiation energy of the laser main light tube (1) scans the powder by adopting a short-side light-off non-backfill negative overlap method to perform interlayer scanning forming, and the interlayer scanning track adopts a right-angle staggered method to reduce local heat input during the forming process.

8. The method for manufacturing a laser additive manufacturing device for a high-hardness gradient composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The matrix material is TC4, and the high hardness material is WC.

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