An external throttle water-suspended spindle structure for machine tools

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool spindles, specifically a water-suspended spindle structure with an external throttle for machine tools. The spindle body penetrates the spindle housing and is rotatably connected to it. An air inlet cover and a water inlet cover are detachably connected to the spindle housing, with the air inlet cover positioned between the spindle housing and the water inlet cover. A rear float locking nut is threaded onto the spindle body, and the rear float body is positioned between the rear float locking nut and the spindle body. The air inlet cover has several axial and radial throttles arranged circumferentially, and the water inlet cover has a hydraulic water inlet. The air inlet cover also has an annular groove communicating with the axial and radial throttles. This invention has a simple structure, reliable control, and simple operation. Under the throttled water pressure, the spindle housing suspends the spindle and the rear float, constraining the spindle and ensuring the precision and stability of spindle rotation. This further ensures the precision of the machine tool in producing and processing parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool spindles, specifically a water-suspended spindle structure with an external throttle for machine tools. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of science and technology, the demand for various machine tools is increasing, and the precision requirements for these tools are also becoming higher. Traditional manual or semi-automatic operation methods can no longer meet the needs of today's technological advancements. In the precision machining process of products using machine tools such as lathes, milling machines, and grinders, the smoothness of the spindle rotation and the degree of spindle wear determine the machining accuracy of the product.

[0003] In the existing technology, the spindle of machine tool equipment is mainly supported by bearings, which has problems such as severe mechanical friction and wear, poor spindle rotation stability as processing time increases, decreased product processing accuracy and pass rate, and further increase in production costs.

[0004] Therefore, this invention designs an external throttle water-suspended spindle structure for machine tools, solving the technical problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an externally mounted water-suspended spindle structure for machine tools. This structure solves the technical problems of existing machine tool spindles, which rely primarily on bearing mechanical support. These problems include severe mechanical friction and wear, decreased spindle rotation stability with increasing processing time, reduced product processing accuracy and yield, and further increased production costs.

[0006] The solution adopted in this invention is: an external water-suspended spindle structure for machine tools with a throttle, including a spindle body and a spindle housing, characterized in that: the spindle body passes through the spindle housing and is rotatably connected to the spindle housing, and an air inlet cover and a water inlet cover are detachably connected to the spindle housing, with the air inlet cover disposed between the spindle housing and the water inlet cover;

[0007] The main shaft body is threaded with a rear floating plate locking nut, and the rear floating plate body is provided between the rear floating plate locking nut and the main shaft body. The air intake rear cover is provided with a number of axial throttles and radial throttles along the circumference. The water intake rear cover is provided with a hydraulic water inlet. The air intake rear cover is provided with an annular groove that communicates with the axial throttles and radial throttles.

[0008] The spindle housing is provided with a plurality of radial static pressure cavities that cooperate with the spindle body. An axial static pressure cavity is formed between the spindle housing and the rear floating plate and between the spindle housing and the spindle body. A radial water flow channel is formed on the spindle housing between the plurality of radial static pressure cavities and the radial throttle. An axial water flow channel is formed on the spindle housing between the plurality of axial static pressure cavities and the axial throttle.

[0009] The main spindle body is provided with a radial return channel communicating with the radial static pressure cavity, and the main spindle housing is provided with an axial return channel communicating with the axial static pressure cavity.

[0010] Preferably, the rear air intake cover and the main spindle housing are respectively provided with a rear air intake connector and a housing air intake connector, the main spindle housing and the main spindle are provided with an air sealing ring, and the housing air intake connector and the air sealing ring are provided with a first air intake channel.

[0011] A rear cover bushing is provided between the spindle housing and the spindle body, and a second air intake channel is provided between the rear cover bushing and the rear cover air intake connector.

[0012] Preferably, the water inlet cover is provided with a clamp-controlled water inlet, the main shaft body has a piston and a first water inlet pipe that cooperates with the piston, and a second water inlet pipe that communicates with the first water inlet pipe and cooperates with the clamp-controlled water inlet is provided between the air inlet cover and the main shaft housing.

[0013] The spindle housing is provided with a water outlet pipe that communicates with the second water inlet pipe, and the spindle housing is provided with a valve that cooperates with the water outlet pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the end face of the spindle body is provided with a clamp that cooperates with the piston.

[0015] Preferably, the spindle housing is provided with eight sets of radial hydrostatic cavities that cooperate with the spindle body, wherein four sets of radial hydrostatic cavities are circumferentially spaced at one end of the spindle body and the spindle housing, and the other four sets of radial hydrostatic cavities are circumferentially spaced at the other end of the spindle body and the spindle housing.

[0016] Preferably, four of the radial static pressure cavities are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the spindle housing, along with the other four radial static pressure cavities.

[0017] Preferably, the rear end of the main shaft is connected to a pulley, coupling, or motor.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] First, it features extremely high concentricity, ultra-high axial runout accuracy, and excellent damping characteristics, enabling the machined workpiece to achieve ultra-high surface quality and ensuring the spindle's extremely high stability and stable high-precision performance.

[0020] Second, another feature of water-pressure suspended spindles is that water has extremely low viscosity and high specific heat capacity. Compared with oil-suspended spindles, it can achieve higher speeds, lower heat generation and temperature rise, lower power consumption, and is also green and environmentally friendly.

[0021] Third, the support surfaces of the spindle are always separated from each other by a thin water film, resulting in no mechanical wear and theoretically an unlimited service life.

[0022] This invention has a simple structure, reliable control, and simple operation. Under the action of throttling water pressure, the spindle housing suspends the spindle and the rear floating plate, forming a constraint on the spindle, thereby ensuring the precision and stability of the spindle rotation, and further ensuring the precision of the machine tool in producing and processing parts. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is one of the perspective views of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is one of the right-side schematic diagrams of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of section aa of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the cross section dd of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is the second right-side schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the cross section cc of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the cross section ee of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1. Main spindle body; 2. Main spindle housing; 3. Air inlet rear cover; 4. Water inlet rear cover; 5. Rear float locking nut; 6. Rear float body; 7. Axial throttle; 8. Radial throttle; 9. Hydraulic water inlet; 10. Annular groove; 11. Radial static pressure chamber; 12. Axial static pressure chamber; 13. Radial water flow channel; 14. Axial water flow channel; 15. Radial return channel; 16. Axial return channel; 17. Rear cover air inlet connector; 18. Housing air inlet connector; 19. Air seal ring; 20. First air inlet channel; 21. Rear cover bushing; 22. Second air inlet channel; 23. Fixture control water inlet; 24. Piston; 25. First water inlet pipe; 26. Second water inlet pipe; 27. Water outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The foregoing and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention are described in conjunction with the appendix below. Figure 1-10 The detailed description of the embodiments will clearly demonstrate this. All structural details mentioned in the following embodiments are based on the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Example 1: An externally mounted water-suspended spindle structure for a machine tool, comprising a spindle body 1 and a spindle housing 2, characterized in that: the spindle body 1 penetrates the spindle housing 2 and is rotatably connected inside the spindle housing 2; an air inlet cover 3 and a water inlet cover 4 are detachably connected to the spindle housing 2; the air inlet cover 3 is disposed between the spindle housing 2 and the water inlet cover 4.

[0037] The main shaft body 1 is threadedly connected to a rear floating plate locking nut 5. A rear floating plate body 6 is provided between the rear floating plate locking nut 5 and the main shaft body 1. The air inlet rear cover 3 is provided with a plurality of axial throttles 7 and radial throttles 8 along the circumferential direction. The water inlet rear cover 4 is provided with a hydraulic water inlet 9. The air inlet rear cover 3 is provided with an annular groove 10 that communicates with the axial throttles 7 and radial throttles 8.

[0038] The spindle housing 2 is provided with a plurality of radial static pressure cavities 11 that cooperate with the spindle body 1. An axial static pressure cavity 12 is formed between the spindle housing and the rear floating plate and between the spindle housing and the spindle body 1. A radial water flow channel 13 is formed on the spindle housing 2 between the plurality of radial static pressure cavities 11 and the radial throttle 8. An axial water flow channel 14 is formed on the spindle housing 2 between the plurality of axial static pressure cavities 12 and the axial throttle 7.

[0039] The spindle body 1 is provided with a radial return channel 15 communicating with the radial static pressure cavity 11, and the spindle housing 2 is provided with an axial return channel 16 communicating with the axial static pressure cavity 12.

[0040] During use, a stream of high-pressure water flows from the hydraulic inlet 9 on the water inlet cover 4 into the annular groove 10 in the air inlet cover 3. There is a branch port in the annular groove 10, which corresponds to ten liquid static pressure chambers. After the high-pressure water flows into the branch port, it flows through the throttle device arranged inside the air inlet cover 3. After the throttling effect of the throttle device, it then enters the eight radial static pressure chambers 11 formed between the main spindle body 1 and the main spindle box 2 through the radial water flow channel 13 on the main spindle box 2.

[0041] The water enters through the axial flow channel 14 into the two axial static pressure chambers 12 formed by the spindle body 1, the spindle housing 2, and the rear floating plate. Under the action of the throttled water pressure, the spindle housing 2 suspends the spindle body 1 and the rear floating plate body 6, and forms a constraint on the spindle body 1, thereby ensuring the precision and stability of the rotation of the spindle body 1. This further ensures the precision of the machine tool in producing and processing parts. The rear end of the spindle body 1 can be connected to pulleys, couplings, motors, etc. to drive the spindle body 1 to rotate.

[0042] During the reflux process, a radial reflux channel 15 communicating with the radial static pressure chamber 11 is provided on the main spindle body 1, and an axial reflux channel 16 communicating with the axial static pressure chamber 12 is provided on the main spindle housing 2.

[0043] As an optional embodiment of Example 1, the spindle housing 2 is provided with eight sets of radial static pressure cavities 11 that cooperate with the spindle body 1. Four sets of radial static pressure cavities 11 are arranged circumferentially at one end of the spindle body 1 and the spindle housing 2, and the other four sets of radial static pressure cavities 11 are arranged circumferentially at the other end of the spindle body 1 and the spindle housing 2.

[0044] The four sets of radial static pressure chambers 11 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the main spindle housing 2, along with the other four sets of radial static pressure chambers 11.

[0045] The rear end of the main shaft body 1 is connected to a pulley, coupling, or motor.

[0046] Example 2: An external throttle water-suspended spindle structure for machine tools. Based on Example 1, the air intake cover 3 and the spindle housing 2 are respectively provided with a rear cover air intake connector 17 and a housing air intake connector 18. An air sealing ring 19 is provided between the spindle housing 2 and the spindle. A first air intake channel 20 is provided between the housing air intake connector 18 and the air sealing ring 19.

[0047] A rear cover bushing 21 is provided between the spindle housing 2 and the spindle body 1, and a second air intake channel 22 is provided between the rear cover bushing 21 and the rear cover air intake connector 17.

[0048] During use, compressed air enters the water inlet cover 4 and the spindle housing 2 through the rear cover air inlet connector 17 and the housing air inlet connector 18, via the first air inlet pipe 20 and the second air inlet pipe 22, and then reaches the air sealing ring 19 at the front end of the spindle body 1 and the air sealing ring 19 groove at the rear end of the spindle cover bushing 21. An air seal is formed between the front end of the spindle body 1 and the air sealing ring 19. The gas moves radially along the gap between the ring groove and the shaft. Part of the gas goes to the outside of the spindle housing 2 to prevent external dirt from entering the inside of the spindle body 1, and part of the gas goes to the inside of the spindle housing 2 to prevent the liquid inside the spindle and the spindle housing 2 from flowing out and to promote the flow of return water. The gas that enters the sealing ring groove between the rear end of the spindle body 1 and the rear cover bushing 21 to form an air seal is mainly to prevent external debris from entering the inside of the spindle body 1, thereby improving the service life of the spindle.

[0049] Example 3: An external water-suspended spindle structure for a machine tool with an external throttle. Based on Example 1, the water inlet cover 4 is provided with a clamp-controlled water inlet 23, the spindle body 1 has a piston 24 and a first water inlet pipe 25 that cooperates with the piston 24, and a second water inlet pipe 26 that cooperates with the clamp-controlled water inlet 23.

[0050] The spindle housing 2 is provided with a water outlet pipe 27 that communicates with the second water inlet pipe 26, and the spindle housing 2 is provided with a valve that cooperates with the water outlet pipe 27.

[0051] As an optional embodiment of Example 3, the end face of the spindle body 1 is provided with a clamp that cooperates with the piston 24.

[0052] In use, high-pressure water enters the water inlet cover 4 through the clamp control inlet 23, and then directly enters the spindle housing 2 through the first water inlet pipe 25 and the second water inlet pipe 26. It then enters the rotating spindle body 1 directly through the annular channel inside the spindle housing 2, thereby controlling the hydraulic piston 24 installed inside the spindle to push the clamp or other actuators on the end face of the spindle body 1.

[0053] When water is being introduced, the valve is in the closed state, and the water will not flow out along the outlet pipe 27. When the drive clamp or other actuator moves in the reverse direction, the valve is driven, and the water flows back along the outlet pipe 27, causing the clamp or other actuator to move in the reverse direction.

[0054] The clamp uses a three-jaw chuck or other trigger clamp to achieve clamping when piston 24 moves and reverse clamping when piston 24 moves in the opposite direction.

[0055] The above description is only for illustrating the present invention and should be understood as not being limited to the above embodiments. Various modifications that conform to the spirit of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-suspended spindle structure with an external throttle for a machine tool, comprising a spindle body (1) and a spindle housing (2), characterized in that: The main spindle body (1) passes through the main spindle housing (2) and is rotatably connected inside the main spindle housing (2). An air inlet cover (3) and a water inlet cover (4) are detachably connected to the main spindle housing (2). The air inlet cover (3) is located between the main spindle housing (2) and the water inlet cover (4). The main shaft body (1) is threaded with a rear floating plate locking nut (5), and a rear floating plate body (6) is provided between the rear floating plate locking nut (5) and the main shaft body (1). The air intake rear cover (3) is provided with a plurality of axial throttles (7) and radial throttles (8) along the circumference. The water intake rear cover (4) is provided with a hydraulic water inlet (9). The air intake rear cover (3) is provided with an annular groove (10) that communicates with the axial throttles (7) and the radial throttles (8). The main spindle housing (2) is provided with a plurality of radial static pressure cavities (11) that cooperate with the main spindle body (1). An axial static pressure cavity (12) is formed between the main spindle housing (2) and the rear floating plate body (6) and between the main spindle housing (2) and the main spindle body (1). A radial water flow channel (13) is formed on the main spindle housing (2) between the plurality of radial static pressure cavities (11) and the radial throttle (8). An axial water flow channel (14) is formed on the main spindle housing (2) between the plurality of axial static pressure cavities (12) and the axial throttle (7). The main spindle body (1) is provided with a radial return channel (15) communicating with the radial static pressure chamber (11), and the main spindle housing (2) is provided with an axial return channel (16) communicating with the axial static pressure chamber (12).

2. The water-suspended spindle structure with external throttle for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake cover (3) and the main spindle housing (2) are respectively provided with an air intake connector (17) on the rear cover and an air intake connector (18) on the housing. An air sealing ring (19) is provided between the main spindle housing (2) and the main spindle. A first air intake channel (20) is provided between the air intake connector (18) and the air sealing ring (19). A rear cover bushing (21) is provided between the spindle housing (2) and the spindle body (1), and a second air intake channel (22) is provided between the rear cover bushing (21) and the rear cover air intake connector (17).

3. The water-suspended spindle structure with external throttle for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet cover (4) is provided with a clamp control water inlet (23), the main shaft body (1) has a piston (24) and a first water inlet pipe (25) that cooperates with the piston (24), and a second water inlet pipe (26) that communicates with the first water inlet pipe (25) and cooperates with the clamp control water inlet (23) is provided between the air inlet cover (3) and the main shaft housing (2); The spindle housing (2) is provided with a water outlet pipe (27) that communicates with the second water inlet pipe (26), and the spindle housing (2) is provided with a valve that cooperates with the water outlet pipe (27).

4. The water-suspended spindle structure with external throttle for machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spindle body (1) is provided with a clamp on its end face that cooperates with the piston (24).

5. The water-suspended spindle structure with external throttle for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle housing (2) is provided with eight sets of radial static pressure cavities (11) that cooperate with the spindle body (1). Four sets of radial static pressure cavities (11) are arranged circumferentially at one end of the spindle body (1) and the spindle housing (2), and the other four sets of radial static pressure cavities (11) are arranged circumferentially at the other end of the spindle body (1) and the spindle housing (2).

6. The water-suspended spindle structure with external throttle for machine tools according to claim 5, characterized in that, The four sets of radial static pressure cavities (11) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the main shaft housing (2) with respect to the other four sets of radial static pressure cavities (11).

7. The water-suspended spindle structure with external throttle for machine tools according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The rear end of the main shaft body (1) is connected to a pulley, coupling, or motor.

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