A follow-up external jet electrolytic machining device and method for thin sheet metal parts

Abstract

This invention discloses a follow-up external liquid-jet electrolytic machining device and method for thin-plate parts, relating to the field of electrolytic machining. It includes a tooling fixture system, a liquid dispensing system, an anode workpiece, a cathode tool, and a DC power supply. The tooling fixture system connects the anode workpiece and cathode tool to the machine tool table. The cathode tool can rotate synchronously and linearly with the machine tool spindle. The liquid dispensing system maintains the same linear motion as the machine tool spindle and sprays electrolyte between the anode workpiece and the cathode tool. The positive terminal of the DC power supply is connected to the anode workpiece, and the negative terminal is connected to the cathode tool. The cathode tool is a rotating annular structure with insulated windows on its sidewalls. This invention's follow-up external liquid-jet electrolytic machining method for thin-plate parts utilizes a rotating annular cathode tool and a follow-up external liquid dispensing system to achieve efficient one-time processing of anode workpiece thinning and surface features using specific movement patterns of the cathode tool and anode workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical machining technology, and in particular to a follow-up external jet electrochemical machining device and method for thin plate parts. Background Technology

[0002] Thin-plate components are widely used in aerospace, defense, and automotive industries. Especially in aerospace, their application can reduce aircraft weight, lower energy consumption, and improve carrying capacity and performance. However, the thin-walled characteristics, along with the design of various reinforcing ribs and mounting holes, increase the complexity of manufacturing these low-rigidity components. Furthermore, due to the special nature of their working environment, they are often made from difficult-to-machine materials such as high-strength, high-hardness titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys.

[0003] Traditional milling has the following drawbacks. First, due to the presence of cutting forces, the material may undergo elastoplastic deformation or tool deflection during milling, which may cause the machined parts to fail to meet the design requirements for geometric dimensions and form and position tolerances. Second, due to the insufficient rigidity of thin-plate parts, chatter is prone to occur during milling, which may reduce the machining accuracy and surface flatness of the machined surface, affecting the quality and performance of the machined parts. Third, since such parts are often made of high-strength materials, this brings difficulties to the traditional machining method based on the principle of "hard against hard". The increased cutting force not only puts additional load on the machine tool, but also aggravates tool wear and increases machining costs. In addition, thermal shock generated in the machining zone, burrs after machining, and residual stress all pose challenges to traditional milling.

[0004] Electrochemical machining, as a non-contact special machining method, is based on the principle of electrochemical anodic dissolution, which allows material on the anodic workpiece to be stripped away by ions. It is suitable for machining any conductive material, and is particularly widely used in difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, or metallic compounds. Furthermore, compared with traditional machining methods, electrochemical machining has advantages such as no cutting force, no heat-affected zone, no tool wear, no machining stress, and no burrs. Therefore, considering the shortcomings of traditional machining in the field of thin plates and the advantages of electrochemical machining, it is necessary to design an electrochemical machining device and method for thin plate parts to achieve high-efficiency, high-quality, and low-cost machining of thin plate components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a follow-up external liquid-flushing electrolytic machining device and method for thin plate parts, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By using a follow-up external liquid-flushing method with a rotating annular cathode tool and a liquid outlet system, the thinning of the anode workpiece and the surface features of the anode workpiece are completed in one efficient manner using the specific movement mode of the cathode tool and the anode workpiece.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] This invention provides a follow-up external jet electrolytic machining device for thin sheet metal parts, comprising:

[0008] A tooling fixture system, comprising a thin plate fixture, an adapter shaft, a cathode tool cover plate, and connectors;

[0009] The thin-plate clamp is used for positioning and clamping the anode workpiece, which is a thin-plate part of the present invention;

[0010] The adapter shaft is fixed on the machine tool spindle, and the cathode tool is connected to the machine tool spindle through the cathode tool cover plate. The cathode tool is located on the same side of the surface to be machined on the anode workpiece, and the cathode tool can rotate synchronously and move linearly with the machine tool spindle. That is, when the machine tool spindle rotates, it can drive the adapter shaft to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the cathode tool to rotate synchronously. When the machine tool spindle moves horizontally following the translational structure of the machine tool, the cathode tool moves horizontally synchronously. The structure of the machine tool and its horizontal movement structure are both existing technologies. For example, a lead screw and nut structure or a hydraulic cylinder structure can be used, connected with a sliding block. The machine tool spindle is installed on the sliding block, which can realize the translational movement of the machine tool spindle.

[0011] The connector is fixed on the machine tool spindle base. The machine tool spindle base only moves horizontally and does not rotate with the machine tool spindle. The connector is connected to a liquid discharge system, which moves in a linear manner consistent with the machine tool spindle. The liquid discharge system can spray electrolyte between the anode workpiece and the cathode tool, realizing external flushing during the electrolysis process.

[0012] A DC power supply is used, with its positive terminal connected to the anode workpiece and its negative terminal connected to the cathode tool. The cathode tool is a rotating ring structure. During electrolysis, it moves linearly from one end of the anode workpiece to the other while also rotating, thus realizing rotary electrolytic machining. The cathode tool has groove-shaped windows of different shapes and sizes on its sidewalls, and the bottom and sidewalls of the windows are insulated to form insulating windows.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes connecting blocks, with both ends of the thin plate clamp fixed to the corresponding connecting blocks, and the lower parts of the two connecting blocks disposed on the machine tool worktable.

[0014] Optionally, the connecting member includes a connecting rod and a connecting plate. The horizontally arranged connecting plate is fixed on the machine tool spindle base, and two vertically arranged connecting rods are symmetrically connected to both ends of the connecting plate. Each connecting rod has a liquid outlet system installed inside; the two liquid outlet systems alternately provide a follow-up external flow field supply for the processing area, and the liquid supply direction is consistent with the linear velocity direction of the nearest generatrix of the cathode tool to the anode workpiece in the processing area.

[0015] Optionally, the liquid outlet system includes a nozzle assembly installed inside the connecting rod. The nozzle assembly is a split structure, including an upper cover plate of the nozzle assembly, a lower cover plate of the nozzle assembly, a left side wall plate of the nozzle assembly, a right side wall plate of the nozzle assembly, and a flow equalizer. The left side wall plate and the right side wall plate of the nozzle assembly are symmetrically arranged and inclined inward. The upper cover plate of the nozzle assembly is sealed on the upper parts of the left side wall plate and the right side wall plate of the nozzle assembly. The lower cover plate of the nozzle assembly is sealed on the lower parts of the left side wall plate and the right side wall plate of the nozzle assembly. The flow equalizer is located in the enclosed space surrounded by the upper cover plate of the nozzle assembly, the lower cover plate of the nozzle assembly, the left side wall plate of the nozzle assembly, and the right side wall plate of the nozzle assembly; the electrolyte enters this enclosed space through the round hole at the front end of the upper cover plate of the nozzle assembly, flows through the flow equalizer, and then flows out from the gap at the end of the left side wall plate and the right side wall plate of the nozzle assembly.

[0016] Optionally, the connecting block is of a "convex" shape structure. Four waist-shaped holes are opened at the lower part of the connecting block, and the waist-shaped holes can be fixed on the T-shaped groove of the workbench and can be adjusted in position; two threaded holes are opened at the upper part of the connecting block for fixing the thin plate clamp.

[0017] Optionally, the thin plate clamp is of a cuboid structure. Countersunk head waist-shaped holes are opened at the four top corners for connecting with the corresponding connecting block. An L-shaped groove is opened on the surface of one side of the thin plate clamp for positioning the anode workpiece; a three-quarter round groove is opened at the top corner of the L-shaped groove to prevent positioning interference of the anode workpiece; multiple rows of threaded holes are opened on the L-shaped groove, and bolt structures are arranged in the threaded holes, which can fix and clamp the anode workpiece on the L-shaped groove. The threaded holes at multiple different positions are used to adapt to the clamping of anode workpieces with different lengths.

[0018] Optionally, the connecting plate is a U-shaped plate. Three waist-shaped holes are distributed along the U-shaped groove opening of the U-shaped plate for connecting with the machine tool spindle base. Circular groove openings are circularly arrayed at both ends of the U-shaped plate for fixing the connecting rod; the connecting rod can rotate around the center of the circular array of the circular groove openings within a set angle to adjust the electrolyte outlet direction of the nozzle assembly. This set angle is any value within the range less than 90 degrees.

[0019] Optionally, the flow equalizer divides the enclosed space formed by the upper cover plate, lower cover plate, left side wall plate, and right side wall plate of the nozzle assembly into a front space and a rear space. The flow equalizer includes a flow equalizing plate and a flow-encircling column, which are welded together by a cylinder. The flow equalizing plate is a flat plate with multiple through holes, and the flow-encircling column is a cylinder with its axis parallel to the line connecting the centers of the multiple through holes of the flow equalizing plate. After the electrolyte flows through the through holes, it enters the flow-encircling column directly opposite the through holes and then flows through the smooth side wall of the flow-encircling column. The electrolyte enters the front space of the enclosed space from the round hole at the front end of the upper cover plate of the nozzle assembly, flows through the through holes of the flow equalizing plate and the side wall of the flow-encircling column, enters the rear space of the enclosed space, and flows out from the gap between the ends of the left and right side walls of the nozzle assembly.

[0020] This invention also provides a method for follow-up external jet electrolytic machining of thin sheet metal parts, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: The anode workpiece is stationary, and the cathode tool is used for tool setting at one end of the anode workpiece to maintain their relative position. The liquid supply valve is opened to supply liquid to the processing area, and the external DC power supply is kept on, so that the cathode tool and the anode workpiece form a closed circuit under the action of the external DC power supply and the electrolyte.

[0022] Step 2: Activate the reversing valve to supply liquid to the machining area via one of the nozzle assemblies. The nozzle assembly is selected based on the direction of liquid supply being consistent with the direction of the linear velocity of the cathode tool closest to the anode workpiece in the machining area. The liquid supply time is t1 = T0 + Δt, where T0 = L / v, and Δt is the combined liquid supply time of both nozzle assemblies. The cathode tool rotates with an angular velocity ω and translates along the anode workpiece with a linear velocity v, where v = ω·R. c R c The radius of the cathode tool is opposite to the direction of the linear velocity of the cathode tool in the machining area closest to the anode workpiece. As the cathode tool moves along the anode workpiece and gradually reaches its other end, the surface of the anode workpiece, except for the area corresponding to the window of the cathode tool's insulation treatment, undergoes an electrochemical dissolution reaction, forming bosses and reinforcing ribs on the surface of the anode workpiece.

[0023] Step 3: After the cathode workpiece reaches the other end of the anode workpiece, the machining gap increases due to corrosion and dissolution on the surface of the anode workpiece. To ensure a smaller machining gap, the cathode tool feeds in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece, and its magnitude satisfies the following relationship:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula: L is the length of the anode workpiece, v is the linear velocity of the cathode tool along the anode workpiece, η is the current efficiency, C is the volume electrochemical equivalent of the element, κ is the conductivity of the electrolyte, and E is the electric field strength at each point on the surface of the anode workpiece.

[0026] Step 4: Activate the reversing valve and replace the nozzle assembly with another one to supply liquid. The direction of liquid supply is the same as the direction of the linear velocity of the cathode tool closest to the anode workpiece in the processing area, which is the opposite of that in Step 2. The liquid supply time is t1. At the same time, the cathode tool rotates with the opposite angular velocity of -ω and translates in the opposite direction along the anode workpiece with the opposite linear velocity of -v. As the cathode tool moves forward, the grid processing depth on the surface of the anode workpiece is further increased, and the height of the surface bosses and reinforcing ribs increases accordingly.

[0027] Step 5: When the cathode tool moves to the end point of the initial end of the anode workpiece, as in step 3, the cathode tool feeds f in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece; this completes one cycle of processing. The anode workpiece is then determined by calculation or measurement to see if it meets the design requirements. If it does not meet the design requirements, steps 2 to 5 are repeated. If it meets the design requirements, step 6 is executed.

[0028] Step 6: Disconnect the external DC power supply, close the liquid supply valve, move the cathode tool to a safe point, disassemble and obtain the processed anode workpiece, and replace it with a new anode workpiece blank for the next round of processing.

[0029] Optionally, the cathode tool has a defined motion relationship relative to the anode workpiece coordinate system, that is, any point p on the cathode tool is represented as:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula: (x(t), y(t)) represents the coordinates of any point p on the cathode tool at time t in the coordinate system of the anode workpiece, R c Let represent the radius of the cathode tool, α represent the angle between the line connecting this point to the center of the circle at time 0 and the y-axis of the anode workpiece coordinate system, ω represent the angular velocity of the cathode tool, v represent the linear velocity of the cathode tool translating along the anode workpiece, and H represent the radius of the cathode tool. a G0 is the thickness of the anode workpiece, G0 is the initial gap between the cathode tool and the anode workpiece, f represents the feed of the cathode tool in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece, and i represents the number of round trips of the cathode tool.

[0032] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0033] This invention provides a novel option for machining thin-plate components, especially those made from difficult-to-machine materials. The machining method provided by this invention eliminates cutting forces and thermal shock during the process, thus preventing reduced machining accuracy due to chatter, elasto-plastic deformation, or other factors. The machined parts are free from residual stress, burrs, thermal burns, and other defects, exhibiting excellent machining quality and requiring no post-processing. The cathode tool is wear-free during machining, reusable, and offers excellent economic and practical advantages. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is an assembly drawing of a follow-up external jetting electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting block in the tooling and fixture system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the thin plate fixture in the tooling fixture of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting plate in the tooling fixture of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cathode tool of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle assembly in the liquid dispensing system of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a 1 / 4 cross-sectional view of the nozzle assembly in the liquid dispensing system of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main steps of the following external jetting electrolytic machining method for thin plate parts according to the present invention.

[0043] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Machine tool worktable; 2. Connecting block; 3. Thin plate fixture; 4. Anode workpiece; 5. Connecting rod; 6. Connecting plate; 7. Machine tool spindle base; 8. Nozzle assembly; 9. Connecting shaft; 10. Cathode tool upper cover plate; 11. Cathode tool; 12. Nozzle assembly upper cover plate; 13. Nozzle assembly left side panel; 14. Flow equalizer; 15. Nozzle assembly right side panel; 16. Nozzle assembly lower cover plate; 17. DC power supply. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] The purpose of this invention is to provide a follow-up external liquid-flushing electrolytic machining device and method for thin plate parts, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By using a follow-up external liquid-flushing method with a rotating annular cathode tool and a liquid outlet system, the thinning of the anode workpiece and the surface features of the anode workpiece are completed in one efficient manner using the specific movement mode of the cathode tool and the anode workpiece.

[0046] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] Reference Figures 1 to 7 The present invention provides a follow-up external liquid rotary electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts, which mainly includes a tooling fixture system, a liquid discharge system, an anode workpiece 4, a cathode tool 11 and a DC power supply 17.

[0048] The tooling and fixture system includes a connecting block 2, a thin plate clamp 3, an adapter shaft 9, a cathode tool upper cover plate 10, a connecting plate 6, and a connecting rod 5; the liquid discharge system includes, but is not limited to, two mirror-symmetrical nozzle assemblies 8, designated as nozzle assembly A and nozzle assembly B. Each nozzle assembly 8 is a split structure, including a nozzle assembly upper cover plate 12, a nozzle assembly lower cover plate 16, a nozzle assembly left side wall plate 13, a nozzle assembly right side wall plate 15, and a flow equalizer 14; the cathode tool 11 is a rotating structure with grooves of different shapes and sizes. The inner walls and inner sidewalls of the grooves are insulated to form insulating grooves. The anode workpiece of this invention has a length of L and a thickness of H. a The plate structure has mounting holes and conductive holes at both ends (let's call them end a and end b) along its length. The cathode tool 11 is a rotating annular structure with a radius R. c The length L of the anode workpiece 4 satisfies the following relationship: L=2πR cThe cathode tool 11 has recessed windows of different shapes and sizes, and its bottom and sidewalls are insulated. The cathode tool 11 is connected to the negative terminal of an external DC power supply 17. During processing, the anode workpiece 4 remains stationary, while the cathode tool 11 rolls along the surface of the anode workpiece 4 and feeds towards it. The electrolyte supply system uses a follow-up external flushing method to alternately supply electrolyte, ensuring a uniform and high-speed flow of electrolyte in the processing area. This effectively removes processing products and heat, offering advantages such as high precision, high efficiency, and low cost.

[0049] The liquid dispensing system of this embodiment includes a nozzle assembly 8 installed inside the connecting rod 5. The nozzle assembly 8 is a split structure, including an upper cover plate 12, a lower cover plate 16, a left side wall plate 13, a right side wall plate 15, and a flow equalizer 14. The left side wall plate 13 and the right side wall plate 15 are arranged symmetrically and inwardly. The upper cover plate 12 is sealed above the left side wall plate 13 and the right side wall plate 15, and the lower cover plate 16 is sealed below the left side wall plate 13 and the right side wall plate 15. The upper cover plate 12, the lower cover plate 16, the left side wall plate 13, and the right side wall plate 15 form a closed space. This closed space only has gaps for liquid dispensing at the ends of the left side wall plate 13 and the right side wall plate 15. The front end of the upper cover plate 12 has a circular inlet hole, which is connected to an inlet pipe and a water pump, etc. An external liquid storage device is constructed, which is a prior art structure. The flow equalizer 14 is located within the enclosed space enclosed by the upper cover plate 12, the lower cover plate 16, the left side wall plate 13, and the right side wall plate 15 of the nozzle assembly. The flow equalizer 14 divides the enclosed space enclosed by the upper cover plate 12, the lower cover plate 16, the left side wall plate 13, and the right side wall plate 15 of the nozzle assembly into a front space and a rear space. The flow equalizer 14 includes a flow equalization plate and a flow-around column. The flow equalization plate and the flow surrounding column are welded together into an integral structure through a cylinder. The flow equalization plate is a flat plate with multiple through holes, and the flow surrounding column is a cylinder with its axis parallel to the line connecting the centers of the multiple through holes of the flow equalization plate. The electrolyte enters the front space of the enclosed space through the round hole at the front end of the nozzle assembly cover plate 12, flows through the through holes of the flow equalization plate and the side wall of the flow surrounding column, enters the rear space of the enclosed space, and flows out through the gap between the left wall plate 13 and the right wall plate 15 of the nozzle assembly.

[0050] Before processing, all components need to be assembled to ensure that the cathode tool 11 and the anode workpiece 4 have a relative positional relationship. The cathode tool 11 has a set motion relationship with respect to the coordinate system of the anode workpiece 4, that is, any point p on the cathode tool 11 is represented as:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula: (x(t), y(t)) represents the coordinates of any point p on the cathode tool at time t in the coordinate system of the anode workpiece 4, R c represents the radius of the cathode tool, α represents the angle between the line connecting this point and the center of the circle at time 0 and the y-axis of the coordinate system of the anode workpiece 4, ω represents the angular velocity of the cathode tool 11, v represents the linear velocity of the cathode tool 11 moving translationally along the anode workpiece 4, H a is the thickness of the anode workpiece 4, G0 is the initial gap between the cathode tool 11 and the anode workpiece 4, f represents the feed of the cathode tool 11 along the direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece 4, and i represents the number of reciprocations of the cathode tool 11.

[0053] During installation, first, the "convex"-shaped connecting block 2 is fixed on the T-slot of the machine tool table 1 through four waist-shaped holes opened in its lower part; then, the thin plate clamp 3 is fixed in the screw holes on the side of the connecting block 2 using screws, the anode workpiece 4 is positioned through the L-shaped groove on the thin plate clamp, and it is fixed and connected to the positive pole of the external DC power supply 17 using screws through the through holes at the four top corners. Secondly, the connecting plate 6 is connected to the machine tool spindle base 7 through three waist-shaped holes around the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped plate, the upper end of the connecting rod 5 is connected to the circular slots arranged in a circumferential array on both sides of the connecting plate 6 using screws, and the lower end is connected to the nozzle assembly 8; finally, one end of the connecting shaft 9 is fixed on the machine tool spindle, and the other end connects the cathode tool 11 to the machine tool spindle through the upper cover plate 10 of the cathode tool, and the machine tool spindle is connected to the negative pole of the external DC power supply, that is, the cathode tool 11 is connected to the negative pole of the external DC power supply.

[0054] Referring to Figure 8 , a follow-up external-flushing rotary printing electrolytic machining method for thin plate parts provided by the present invention, its specific implementation manner includes the following processes:

[0055] Step 1, the anode workpiece 4 is stationary, and the cathode tool 11 performs tool setting at one end (set as endpoint a) of the anode workpiece 4 to keep their relative position relationship; the liquid supply valve is opened to supply liquid to the machining area, and the external DC power supply 17 is kept connected, so that the cathode tool 11 and the anode workpiece 4 form a closed circuit under the action of the external DC power supply 17 and the electrolyte;

[0056] Step 2, start the reversing valve to make one of the nozzle assemblies 8 (set as nozzle assembly A) supply liquid to the machining area. The selection basis of the nozzle assembly 8 is that the liquid supply direction is consistent with the linear velocity direction of the nearest bus bar of the cathode tool 11 to the anode workpiece 4 in the machining area; the liquid supply time is t1 = T0 + △t, where T0 = L / v, and △t is the common liquid supply time of the two groups of nozzle assemblies 8 to ensure that there is no insufficient liquid supply phenomenon during the alternating liquid supply in the machining area; the cathode tool 11 rotates at an angular velocity of ω and makes a translational motion along the anode workpiece 4 at a linear velocity of v, and the magnitude of v satisfies v = ω·R cThe direction is opposite to the linear velocity direction of the cathode tool 11 closest to the anode workpiece 4 in the processing area, that is, it moves from end point a to end point b of the anode workpiece 4; during the process of the cathode tool 11 moving along the anode workpiece 4 and gradually reaching its end point b, the surface of the anode workpiece 4, except for the place corresponding to the insulating window of the cathode tool 11, undergoes an electrochemical dissolution reaction, forming a boss and reinforcing rib structure of a certain height on the surface of the anode workpiece 4.

[0057] Step 3: When the cathode workpiece 11 reaches the end point b of the anode workpiece 4, the machining gap increases due to corrosion and dissolution on the surface of the anode workpiece 4. To ensure a smaller machining gap, the cathode tool 11 feeds f in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece 4, and its magnitude satisfies the following relationship:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula: L is the length of the anode workpiece 4, v is the linear velocity of the cathode tool 11 translating along the anode workpiece 4, η is the current efficiency, C is the volume electrochemical equivalent of the element, κ is the conductivity of the electrolyte, and E is the electric field strength at each point on the surface of the anode workpiece 4.

[0060] Step 4: Activate the reversing valve and replace the other nozzle assembly 8 (nozzle assembly B) to supply liquid. The liquid supply direction is consistent with the linear velocity direction of the cathode tool 11 closest to the anode workpiece 4 in the processing area, that is, opposite to that in step 2. The liquid supply time is t1. At the same time, the cathode tool 11 rotates with the opposite angular velocity of -ω and translates along the anode workpiece 4 from end point b to end point a with the opposite linear velocity of -v. As the cathode tool 11 advances, the grid processing depth on the surface of the anode workpiece 4 is further increased, and the height of the surface bosses and reinforcing ribs increases accordingly.

[0061] Step 5: When the cathode tool 11 moves to the end point a of the anode workpiece 4, as in step 3, the cathode tool 11 feeds in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece 4 by f. This completes one cycle of processing. The anode workpiece 4 is then determined by calculation or measurement to see if it meets the design requirements. If it does not meet the design requirements, steps 2 to 5 are repeated. If it meets the design requirements, step 6 is executed.

[0062] Step 6: Disconnect the external DC power supply 17, close the liquid supply valve, move the cathode tool 11 to a safe point, disassemble and obtain the processed anode workpiece 4, and replace it with a new anode workpiece blank to proceed to the next round of processing.

[0063] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A follow-up external punching liquid spin electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts, characterized in that: include: A tooling fixture system, comprising a thin plate fixture, an adapter shaft, a cathode tool cover plate, and connectors; The thin-plate clamp is used for positioning and clamping the anode workpiece; The adapter shaft is fixed on the machine tool spindle, and the cathode tool is connected to the machine tool spindle through the cathode tool cover plate. The cathode tool is located on the same side of the surface to be machined on the anode workpiece, and the cathode tool can rotate synchronously and move linearly with the machine tool spindle. The connector is fixed on the machine tool spindle base, and the connector is connected to a liquid dispensing system. The liquid dispensing system moves in a linear manner consistent with the machine tool spindle. The liquid dispensing system can spray electrolyte between the anode workpiece and the cathode tool. A DC power supply, with its positive terminal connected to the anode workpiece and its negative terminal connected to the cathode tool; the cathode tool is a rotating ring structure, with groove-shaped windows of different shapes and sizes on its sidewalls, and the bottom surface and sidewalls of the windows are insulated. The connector includes a connecting rod and a connecting plate. The horizontally arranged connecting plate is fixed to the machine tool spindle base. Two vertically arranged connecting rods are symmetrically connected to both ends of the connecting plate. Each connecting rod has a liquid outlet system installed inside its inner side. The liquid outlet system includes a nozzle assembly installed inside the connecting rod. The nozzle assembly is a split structure, including an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, a left side wall plate, a right side wall plate, and a flow equalizer. The connecting plate is a U-shaped plate with three oblong holes distributed along its U-shaped groove for connecting to the machine tool spindle base. It also includes a connecting block, which has a "convex" shaped structure and four waist-shaped holes at the bottom. During the processing, the anode workpiece remains stationary, while the cathode tool rolls along the surface of the anode workpiece and feeds towards it. The electrolyte supply system uses an alternating external flushing method to ensure that the electrolyte in the processing area has a uniform and high-speed flow state.

2. The follow-up external punching liquid spin electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the thin plate clamp are respectively fixed to the corresponding connecting blocks, and the lower parts of the two connecting blocks are set on the machine tool worktable.

3. The follow-up external punching liquid spin electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two liquid supply systems alternately provide follow-up external flow field liquid supply to the processing area, and the liquid supply direction is consistent with the linear velocity direction of the cathode tool in the processing area closest to the anode workpiece.

4. The follow-up external punching liquid spin electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The left and right wall panels of the nozzle assembly are arranged symmetrically and inwardly. The upper cover of the nozzle assembly is sealed on the upper part of the left and right wall panels, and the lower cover of the nozzle assembly is sealed on the lower part of the left and right wall panels. The flow equalizer is located in the closed space enclosed by the upper and lower cover of the nozzle assembly, the left and right wall panels. The electrolyte enters the closed space through the round hole at the front end of the upper cover of the nozzle assembly, flows through the flow equalizer, and then flows out from the gap at the end of the left and right wall panels of the nozzle assembly.

5. The follow-up external punching liquid spin electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waist-shaped hole can be fixed to the T-slot of the worktable and its position can be adjusted; the upper part of the connecting block has two threaded holes for fixing the thin plate clamp.

6. The follow-up external punching liquid spin electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thin plate clamp has a cuboid structure with countersunk waist-shaped holes at its four apex corners for connecting with the corresponding connecting blocks. An L-shaped groove is formed on one side of the thin plate clamp for positioning the anode workpiece. A three-quarter circular groove is formed at the apex corner of the L-shaped groove to prevent interference in positioning the anode workpiece. Multiple rows of threaded holes are formed on the L-shaped groove to accommodate anode workpieces of different lengths.

7. The follow-up external punching liquid spin electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The U-shaped plate has circular slots distributed in a circular array at both ends for fixing the connecting rod; the connecting rod can rotate around the center of the array of circular slots within a set angle to adjust the electrolyte outlet direction of the nozzle assembly.

8. The follow-up external punching liquid spin electrolytic machining device for thin plate parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow equalizer divides the enclosed space formed by the upper cover plate, lower cover plate, left side wall plate, and right side wall plate of the nozzle assembly into a front space and a rear space. The flow equalizer includes a flow equalizing plate and a flow-encircling column, which are welded together by a cylinder to form an integral structure. The flow equalizing plate is a flat plate with multiple through holes, and the flow-encircling column is a cylinder with its axis parallel to the line connecting the centers of the multiple through holes of the flow equalizing plate. The electrolyte enters the front space of the enclosed space through the circular hole at the front end of the upper cover plate of the nozzle assembly, flows through the through holes of the flow equalizing plate and the side wall of the flow-encircling column, enters the rear space of the enclosed space, and flows out through the gap at the ends of the left and right side wall plates of the nozzle assembly.

9. A method for electrolytic machining of thin-plate parts using a follow-up external jetting liquid printing technique, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: The anode workpiece is stationary, and the cathode tool is used for tool setting at one end of the anode workpiece to maintain their relative position. The liquid supply valve is opened to supply liquid to the processing area, and the external DC power supply is kept on, so that the cathode tool and the anode workpiece form a closed circuit under the action of the external DC power supply and the electrolyte. Step 2: Activate the reversing valve to supply liquid to the machining area via one of the nozzle assemblies. The nozzle assembly is selected based on the direction of liquid supply being consistent with the direction of the linear velocity of the cathode tool closest to the anode workpiece in the machining area. The liquid supply time is t1 = T0 + Δt, where T0 = L / v, and Δt is the combined liquid supply time of both nozzle assemblies. The cathode tool rotates with an angular velocity ω and translates along the anode workpiece with a linear velocity v, where v = ω·R. c R c The radius of the cathode tool is opposite to the direction of the linear velocity of the cathode tool in the machining area closest to the anode workpiece. As the cathode tool moves along the anode workpiece and gradually reaches its other end, the surface of the anode workpiece, except for the area corresponding to the window of the cathode tool's insulation treatment, undergoes an electrochemical dissolution reaction, forming bosses and reinforcing ribs on the surface of the anode workpiece. Step 3: After the cathode workpiece reaches the other end of the anode workpiece, the machining gap increases due to corrosion and dissolution on the surface of the anode workpiece. To ensure a smaller machining gap, the cathode tool feeds in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece, and its magnitude satisfies the following relationship: In the formula: L is the length of the anode workpiece, v is the linear velocity of the cathode tool along the anode workpiece, η is the current efficiency, C is the volume electrochemical equivalent of the element, κ is the conductivity of the electrolyte, and E is the electric field strength at each point on the surface of the anode workpiece. Step 4: Activate the reversing valve and replace the nozzle assembly with another one to supply liquid. The direction of liquid supply is the same as the direction of the linear velocity of the cathode tool closest to the anode workpiece in the processing area, which is the opposite of that in Step 2. The liquid supply time is t1. At the same time, the cathode tool rotates with the opposite angular velocity of -ω and translates in the opposite direction along the anode workpiece with the opposite linear velocity of -v. As the cathode tool moves forward, the grid processing depth on the surface of the anode workpiece is further increased, and the height of the surface bosses and reinforcing ribs increases accordingly. Step 5: When the cathode tool moves to the end point of the initial end of the anode workpiece, as in step 3, the cathode tool feeds f in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece; this completes one cycle of processing. The anode workpiece is then determined by calculation or measurement to see if it meets the design requirements. If it does not meet the design requirements, steps 2 to 5 are repeated. If it meets the design requirements, step 6 is executed. Step 6: Disconnect the external DC power supply, close the liquid supply valve, move the cathode tool to a safe point, disassemble and obtain the processed anode workpiece, and replace it with a new anode workpiece blank for the next round of processing.

10. The method for follow-up external jet electrolytic machining of thin plate parts according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cathode tool has a predetermined motion relationship with respect to the anode workpiece coordinate system, that is, any point p on the cathode tool is represented as: In the formula: (x(t), y(t)) represents the coordinates of any point p on the cathode tool at time t in the coordinate system of the anode workpiece, R c Let represent the radius of the cathode tool, α represent the angle between the line connecting this point to the center of the circle at time 0 and the y-axis of the anode workpiece coordinate system, ω represent the angular velocity of the cathode tool, v represent the linear velocity of the cathode tool translating along the anode workpiece, and H represent the radius of the cathode tool. a G0 is the thickness of the anode workpiece, G0 is the initial gap between the cathode tool and the anode workpiece, f represents the feed of the cathode tool in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the anode workpiece, and i represents the number of round trips of the cathode tool.

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