Automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicle and control method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and discloses an automatic opening and closing mechanism for a rail vehicle and a control method thereof, comprising a locking mechanism, a support frame, an upper support mechanism and a hatch assembly; the left hatch and the right hatch of the hatch assembly are connected to the support frame of the rail vehicle through the upper support mechanism, and are respectively connected to the locking mechanism symmetrically arranged on the support frame, and the locking mechanism is used for locking when the left hatch and the right hatch are opened and closed; the opening and closing mechanism with left and right opening can execute hatch opening or closing actions according to the actual situation of the rail vehicle operation, provides two working states of hatch opening or closing, meets different working requirements when the rail vehicle is normally operated or is operated in a heavy connection mode, through the locking mechanism with a sliding mechanical dead point, the airflow impact force of high-speed rail vehicle driving acts on the rocker arm through the hatch, can make the slider more tightly compress the slider stop, realize automatic locking of the mechanism, and can ensure that the left and right hatches are locked consistently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and in particular to an automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] The opening and closing mechanism is a device used to open or close the front hatch of a rail vehicle. Installed at the very front of the rail vehicle, the hatch is closed during normal operation, enclosing components such as the coupler. Together with the front fairing, it forms a streamlined shape, reducing wind resistance and enhancing the vehicle's aesthetics. When the rail vehicle is in multiple units or requires rescue, the hatch is open, exposing the internal mechanisms and providing the necessary space for coupler coupling. The locking mechanism is a crucial component of the opening and closing mechanism. During train operation, the locking mechanism applies a locking force to the movable hatch via a rocker arm, resisting the airflow impact and vibration generated by high-speed train movement, ensuring the mechanical position of the movable hatch remains unchanged.

[0003] The existing automatic opening and closing mechanisms for left and right opening of rail vehicles mostly use mechanical dead-point locking mechanisms. Their locking effect is limited by the manufacturing and assembly precision of the parts, making it difficult to ensure the consistency of the locking effect of the left and right doors. This can easily cause problems such as asynchronous opening or closing of the doors.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need to provide an opening and closing mechanism and control method to solve the problems in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles, the specific technical solution of which is as follows:

[0006] An automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles includes a locking mechanism, a support frame, an upper support mechanism, and a door assembly;

[0007] The left and right hatches of the hatch assembly are both connected to the support frame of the rail vehicle via an upper support mechanism, and the left and right hatches can be opened and closed relative to each other.

[0008] The left and right hatches are also connected to two sets of locking mechanisms symmetrically arranged on the support frame. The locking mechanisms are used to lock the left and right hatches when they are opened or closed.

[0009] The locking mechanism includes a base, a rocker arm spindle, a lower rocker arm, an operating lever assembly, a sliding guide rod assembly, and a slider;

[0010] The base is mounted on the support frame;

[0011] One end of the lower rocker arm is hinged to the base via the rocker arm spindle, and the other end is connected to the hatch assembly, which is used to drive the hatch assembly to open and close by rotating the lower rocker arm around the rocker arm spindle;

[0012] One end of the operating lever assembly is rotatably mounted on the base, and the other end is slidably connected to the sliding guide rod assembly mounted on the lower rocker arm via a slider. The slider is used to drive the slider to slide by rotating the operating lever assembly. The sliding of the slider is used to drive the lower rocker arm to rotate around the rocker arm's main axis. When the slider is located at the end of the sliding guide rod assembly away from the rocker arm's main axis, a mechanical dead point is formed.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a resistance wheel and a resistance arm;

[0014] The resistance wheel is located at the connection between the slider and the operating rocker arm assembly. The resistance arm is rotatably mounted on the base and located on the movement trajectory of the resistance wheel. It is used to abut against the resistance wheel and provide resistance before the sliding guide rod assembly and the lower rocker arm are about to form a mechanical dead point.

[0015] Preferably, a torsion spring is also provided between the resistance arm and the base, the torsion spring being used to provide resistance when the resistance arm abuts against the resistance wheel.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes an elastic element, one end of which is connected to the base and the other end is connected to the operating lever assembly, for providing resistance to maintain the operating lever assembly at the mechanical dead point position.

[0017] Preferably, the end of the resistance arm that contacts the resistance wheel is also provided with a bearing.

[0018] Preferably, one end of the resistance arm is rotatably mounted on the base via a resistance arm pivot and a resistance arm pivot seat, and the resistance arm pivot seat is further provided with a resistance arm stop for limiting the movement of the resistance arm.

[0019] The resistance arm is also equipped with an adjusting screw, which is used to adjust the relative position of the resistance arm and the resistance wheel.

[0020] Preferably, the operating lever assembly includes an operating shaft, an operating lever, and a slider connecting rod; the operating shaft is rotatably mounted on the base via an operating lever shaft seat; one end of the operating lever is connected to the operating shaft, and the other end is connected to the slider connecting rod; the upper part of the slider connecting rod is rotatably connected to the slider; a hexagonal prism is also connected to the lower end of the operating shaft.

[0021] The sliding guide rod assembly includes a sliding guide rod, a guide rod mounting base, and a slider stop; the lower rocker arm is rigidly connected to the guide rod mounting base through a threaded hole; the cross-sectional shape of the sliding guide rod is composed of a major arc and a corresponding chord, the arc surface of the sliding guide rod is slidably connected to the corresponding groove on the slider, the plane of the sliding guide rod is rigidly connected to the guide rod mounting base, and a slider stop is provided at the end of the sliding guide rod; the middle part of the slider is rotatably connected to the slider connecting rod through a circular hole.

[0022] Preferably, it also includes an actuator cylinder for driving the rotation of the operating lever assembly.

[0023] Preferably, it also includes a limit switch disposed on the base and located at the end of the stroke of the operating lever assembly.

[0024] Preferably, it also includes a control system, which includes an electrical control box, a pneumatic control box, and pneumatic pipelines; the actuator cylinder is connected to the pneumatic control box via the pneumatic pipelines, and the pneumatic pipelines are also equipped with a one-way throttle valve for regulating the airflow in the pipelines at both ends of the actuator cylinder; the electrical control box, the pneumatic control box, and the limit switch are electrically connected via cables.

[0025] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) An automatic opening and closing mechanism for a rail vehicle according to the present invention includes a locking mechanism, a support frame, an upper support mechanism, and a door assembly; the left and right doors of the door assembly are both connected to the support frame of the rail vehicle through the upper support mechanism, and the left and right doors are openable and closeable relative to each other; the left and right doors are also respectively connected to two sets of locking mechanisms symmetrically arranged on the support frame, the locking mechanisms being used to lock the left and right doors when they are opened and closed; the locking mechanism includes a base, a rocker arm spindle, a lower rocker arm, an operating lever assembly, a sliding guide rod assembly, and a sliding... The structure comprises a block; a base mounted on a support frame; one end of the lower rocker arm hinged to the base via a rocker arm spindle, and the other end connected to the hatch assembly, used to open and close the hatch assembly by rotating the lower rocker arm around the rocker arm spindle; one end of the operating lever assembly is rotatably mounted on the base, and the other end is slidably connected to a sliding guide rod assembly mounted on the lower rocker arm via a slider, used to drive the slider to slide by rotating the operating lever assembly, the sliding of the slider driving the lower rocker arm to rotate around the rocker arm spindle, and forming a mechanical dead point when the slider is located at the end of the sliding guide rod assembly away from the rocker arm spindle. The left and right opening and closing mechanism can execute hatch opening or closing actions after receiving command signals from the locomotive according to the actual operating conditions of the rail vehicle, providing two different working states of open or closed movable hatches, meeting different working needs during normal operation or reconnection (rescue) operation of the rail vehicle, and also possessing a manual operation mode in extreme fault situations such as power outages and gas outages. Through the locking mechanism with a sliding mechanical dead point, due to the mechanical self-locking angle, the airflow impact force generated by the high-speed movement of the rail vehicle acts on the rocker arm and sliding guide rod through the hatch, which can only make the slider press the slider stop more tightly, thus realizing the locking function of the mechanism and ensuring that the locking effect of the left and right hatches is consistent.

[0027] (2) In this invention, a resistance arm is provided. When the mechanism is unlocked or locked, the resistance wheel below the slider contacts the resistance arm. Additional operating force is required to compress the torsion spring so that the operating lever can continue to rotate. The sharply increased resistance can generate a strong tactile feedback when performing manual operation, avoiding misjudgment by maintenance personnel when performing manual locking and unlocking operations, and preventing incomplete manual operation. When the slider reaches the end of its stroke, the resistance wheel below the slider disengages from the resistance arm. Under the action of the torsion spring, the resistance arm automatically resets. The metal resistance arm collides with the resistance arm pivot seat, which can produce a clear impact sound. This provides clear audible feedback to maintenance personnel when performing manual locking and unlocking operations, and can also prevent incomplete manual operation.

[0028] (3) In this invention, an adjusting screw is also installed on the resistance arm. The relative position of the front end of the resistance arm and the resistance wheel can be adjusted by adjusting the adjusting screw to ensure that the locking effect of the left and right hatches is consistent. With the one-way throttle valve, the problem of asynchronous opening or closing of the hatches can be solved. It can also reduce the welding and processing difficulty of the mounting plate assembly and the bottom plate assembly.

[0029] The present invention also provides a control method for an automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles, which employs the above-mentioned automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles and includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Input the open / close command into the control system;

[0031] Step 2: The control system determines the state of the opening and closing mechanism through limit switches. The opening and closing mechanism includes three states: open and locked, closed and locked, and during the opening and closing process.

[0032] Step 3: Determine whether the state of the opening and closing mechanism is consistent with the state feedback from the limit switch. If they are inconsistent, initialize the overall state of the opening and closing mechanism so that it is in one of the two states of open and locked or closed and locked that matches the state feedback from the limit switch.

[0033] Step 4: Execute the corresponding operation based on the state of the opening / closing mechanism and the open / close command. If it is in the open and locked state, close and lock the opening / closing mechanism; if it is in the closed and locked state, open and lock the opening / closing mechanism.

[0034] The steps of closing and locking the opening and closing mechanism include:

[0035] A reversing signal is sent to the two-position five-way valve via an intermediate relay, causing it to be in the closed state and locking the opening and closing mechanism.

[0036] The pressure of the actuator cylinder is adjusted to the point where the opening and closing mechanism can operate smoothly by supplying air through the pressure reducing valve. The operating speed is adjusted by the one-way throttle valve, which makes the actuator cylinder push rod move forward, and the left and right hatches close and lock, triggering the limit switch to close the door to the full position. The limit switch then provides feedback on the closed and locked state.

[0037] The pressure reducing valve supplies air to increase the pressure, keeping the actuator cylinder in a pressure-holding state and providing sufficient clamping force to resist the influence of wind pressure.

[0038] The steps of opening and locking the opening and closing mechanism include:

[0039] A reversing signal is sent to the two-position five-way valve via an intermediate relay, so that it is in the working condition of opening and locking the opening and closing mechanism.

[0040] The pressure of the actuator cylinder is adjusted by supplying air through the pressure reducing valve so that the opening and closing mechanism can operate smoothly. The operating speed is adjusted by the one-way throttle valve, which causes the actuator cylinder push rod to move backward, opening and locking the left and right hatches. This triggers the limit switch to activate when the doors are fully open, and the limit switch provides feedback on the open and locked state.

[0041] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the locking mechanism;

[0045] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the locking mechanism;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the base and the rocker arm spindle;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower rocker arm;

[0048] Figure 6 It is an assembly diagram of the control lever assembly, elastic component and sliding guide rod assembly;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the resistance arms;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the resistance arm, torsion spring, and limit switch;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a connection diagram of the control system;

[0052] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the upper support mechanism.

[0053] The components include: 1. Locking mechanism; 2. Control system; 3. Support frame; 4. Upper support mechanism; 5. Left hatch; 6. Right hatch.

[0054] 1.1 Base; 1.2 Rocker arm spindle; 1.3 Lower rocker arm; 1.4 Operating lever assembly; 1.5 Elastic component; 1.6 Sliding guide rod assembly; 1.7 Slider; 1.8 Resistance wheel; 1.9 Resistance arm; 1.10 Torsion spring; 1.11 Actuating cylinder; 1.12 Limit switch;

[0055] 1.1.1 Mounting plate assembly welding; 1.1.2 Base plate assembly welding; 1.1.3 Operating lever pivot seat; 1.1.4 Rocker arm spindle seat; 1.1.5 Elastic element mounting seat one; 1.1.6 Resistance arm pivot seat; 1.1.7 Torsion spring mounting slot; 1.1.8 Cylinder tail end mounting seat;

[0056] 1.3.1 Rocker arm sleeve; 1.3.2 Rocker arm plate; 1.3.3 Reinforcing rib; 1.3.4 Hanging plate; 1.3.5 Guide rod assembly and mounting holes;

[0057] 1.4.1 Operating shaft; 1.4.2 Operating lever; 1.4.3 Elastic element mounting seat two; 1.4.4 Slider connecting rod; 1.4.5 Cylinder front end mounting seat; 1.4.6 Hexagonal column;

[0058] 1.6.1 Sliding guide rod; 1.6.2 Guide rod mounting base; 1.6.3 Slider stop;

[0059] 1.9.1 Resistance arm pivot; 1.9.2 Resistance arm stop; 1.9.3 Adjusting screw; 1.9.4 Bearing;

[0060] 2.1 Electrical control box; 2.2 Pneumatic control box; 2.3 Pneumatic piping; 2.4 Cables;

[0061] 2.1.1 Switching power supply; 2.1.2 Relay; 2.2.1 Pressure regulating valve; 2.2.2 Two-position five-way valve; 2.2.3 Manual three-way valve; 2.3.1 One-way throttle valve;

[0062] 4.1 Upper rocker arm spindle seat; 4.2 Upper rocker arm spindle; 4.3 Upper left rocker arm assembly; 4.4 Upper right rocker arm assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] refer to Figure 1An automatic opening and closing mechanism for a rail vehicle includes a locking mechanism 1, a support frame 3, an upper support mechanism 4, and a door assembly. The left door 5 and right door 6 of the door assembly are both connected to the support frame 3 of the rail vehicle via the upper support mechanism 4, and the left door 5 and right door 6 are configurable to open and close relative to each other. The left door 5 and right door 6 are also respectively connected to the locking mechanism 1 symmetrically arranged on the support frame 3, and the locking mechanism 1 is used to lock the left door 5 and right door 6 when they are opened or closed.

[0065] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 As shown, the locking mechanism has a symmetrical overall structure. The locking mechanism 1 includes a base 1.1, a rocker arm spindle 1.2, a lower rocker arm 1.3, an operating lever assembly 1.4, a sliding guide rod assembly 1.6, and a slider 1.7. The base is mounted on the support frame 3. One end of the lower rocker arm 1.3 is hinged to the base 1.1 via the rocker arm spindle 1.2, and the other end is connected to the hatch assembly. The lower rocker arm 1.3 rotates around the rocker arm spindle 1.2 to open and close the hatch assembly. One end of the operating lever assembly 1.4 is rotatably mounted on the base 1.1, and the other end is slidably connected to the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6 mounted on the lower rocker arm 1.3 via the slider 1.7. The operating lever assembly 1.4 rotates to move the slider 1.7. The sliding of the slider 1.7 causes the lower rocker arm 1.3 to rotate around the rocker arm spindle 1.2. When the slider 1.7 is located at the end of the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6 away from the rocker arm spindle 1.2, a mechanical dead point is formed.

[0066] The automatic opening and closing mechanism of this embodiment can provide two different working states—opening or closing the movable hatch—according to the actual operating conditions of the rail vehicle, meeting the different working needs of the rail vehicle during normal operation or reconnection (rescue) operation. After receiving the command signal from the locomotive, this opening and closing mechanism executes the hatch opening or closing action, and also has a manual operation mode in extreme failure situations such as power failure or gas failure.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, the base 1.1 includes a mounting plate assembly 1.1.1, a base plate assembly 1.1.2, an operating lever shaft seat 1.1.3, a rocker arm spindle seat 1.1.4, an elastic element mounting seat 1.1.5, and a resistance arm shaft seat 1.1.6, all of which are connected by welding or thread. It is also provided with a torsion spring mounting groove 1.1.7, a rocker arm spindle 1.2, and a split cylinder tail end mounting seat 1.1.8.

[0068] like Figure 5As shown, the lower rocker arm 1.3 consists of a rocker arm sleeve 1.3.1, a rocker arm plate 1.3.2, and a reinforcing rib 1.3.3. One end is rotatably connected to the rocker arm spindle 1.2 on the base 1.1, and the other end is rigidly connected to the left and right hatches via a mounting plate 1.3.4. The lower rocker arm 1.3 is provided with a guide rod assembly mounting hole 1.3.5 for rigid connection with the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6.

[0069] like Figure 7 As shown, in one specific embodiment, it further includes a resistance wheel 1.8 and a resistance arm 1.9; the resistance wheel 1.8 is disposed at the connection between the slider 1.7 and the operating rocker arm assembly 1.4, and one end of the resistance arm 1.9 is rotatably connected to the resistance arm pivot seat 1.1.6 through the resistance arm pivot 1.9.1. The resistance arm 1.9 is rotatably disposed on the base 1.1 and located on the movement trajectory of the resistance wheel 1.8, and is used to abut against the resistance wheel 1.8 and provide resistance before the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6 and the lower rocker arm 1.3 are about to form a mechanical dead point position.

[0070] A torsion spring 1.10 is also provided between the resistance arm 1.9 and the base 1.1. The torsion spring 1.10 is used to provide resistance when the resistance arm 1.9 abuts against the resistance wheel 1.8.

[0071] One end of the torsion spring 1.10 is inserted into the torsion spring mounting groove 1.1.7, and the other end contacts the resistance arm 1.9. After installation, it provides preload to keep the resistance arm 1.9 in the position of the resistance arm stop 1.9.2.

[0072] like Figure 8 As shown, resistance arms 1.9 and torsion springs 1.10 are installed in both the open and closed positions of the left and right hatches to provide a limiting function for the slider 1.7.

[0073] like Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, it also includes an elastic element 1.5. One end of the elastic element 1.5 is connected to the base 1.1, and the other end is connected to the operating lever assembly 1.4. One end of the elastic element 1.5 is rotatably connected to the elastic element mounting seat 1.1.5 on the base 1.1, and the second end is rotatably connected to the elastic element mounting seat 1.4.3 in the middle of the operating lever assembly 1.4. The elastic element 1.5 should provide appropriate elasticity during installation and be compressible during the movement of the locking mechanism 1. It is used to provide resistance to maintain the operating lever assembly 1.4 at the mechanical dead center position.

[0074] To reduce frictional losses between the resistance arm 1.9 and the resistance wheel 1.8, a bearing 1.9.4 is installed at the front end of the resistance arm 1.9, replacing sliding friction with rolling friction and improving the service life of the resistance arm 1.9.

[0075] One end of the resistance arm 1.9 is rotatably mounted on the base 1.1 via a resistance arm pivot 1.9.1 and a resistance arm pivot seat 1.1.6. The resistance arm pivot seat 1.1.6 also has a resistance arm stop 1.9.2 for limiting the movement of the resistance arm 1.9. The resistance arm 1.9 also has an adjusting screw 1.9.3, which is used to adjust the relative position of the resistance arm 1.9 and the resistance wheel 1.8 to ensure consistent locking of the left and right hatches. During the movement of the mechanism, when the slider 1.7 approaches the end of its stroke, the resistance wheel 1.8 below the slider 1.7 contacts the resistance arm 1.9, forcing the resistance arm 1.9 to compress the torsion spring 1.10 and rotate around the resistance arm pivot 1.9.1. When the slider 1.7 reaches the end of its stroke, the resistance wheel 1.8 below the slider 1.7 disengages from the resistance arm 1.9, and the resistance arm 1.9 automatically resets under the force of the torsion spring 1.10.

[0076] like Figure 6 As shown, the operating lever assembly 1.4 includes an operating shaft 1.4.1, an operating lever 1.4.2, an elastic element mounting base 1.4.3, a slider connecting rod 1.4.4, and a cylinder front end mounting base 1.4.5. The elastic element 1.5 is rotatably connected to the operating lever assembly 1.4 via the elastic element mounting base 1.4.3, and the actuating cylinder 1.11 is rotatably connected to the operating lever assembly 1.4 via the cylinder front end mounting base 1.4.5. The operating shaft 1.4.1 is rotatably mounted on the base 1.1 via the operating lever shaft seat 1.1.3. One end of the operating lever 1.4.2 is connected to the operating shaft 1.4.1, and the other end is connected to the slider connecting rod 1.4.4. The upper part of the slider connecting rod 1.4.4 is rotatably connected to the slider 1.7, and a groove is provided in the middle for mounting a resistance wheel 1.8 into the groove via a shaft elastic retaining ring. The lower end of the operating shaft 1.4.1 is also connected to a hexagonal column 1.4.6 for manually operating the operating lever assembly 1.4.

[0077] like Figure 6 As shown, the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6 includes a sliding guide rod 1.6.1, a guide rod mounting base 1.6.2, and a slider stop 1.6.3; the lower rocker arm 1.3 is rigidly connected to the guide rod mounting base 1.6.2 through a threaded hole; the cross-sectional shape of the sliding guide rod 1.6.1 is composed of a major arc and a corresponding chord, the arc surface of the sliding guide rod 1.6.1 is slidably connected to the corresponding sliding groove on the slider 1.7, the plane of the sliding guide rod 1.6.1 is rigidly connected to the guide rod mounting base 1.6.2, and the end of the sliding guide rod 1.6.1 is provided with a slider stop 1.6.3; the middle part of the slider 1.7 is rotatably connected to the slider connecting rod 1.4.4 through a circular hole.

[0078] like Figure 2As shown, it also includes an actuator cylinder 1.11 for driving the rotation of the operating lever assembly 1.4. The tail end of the actuator cylinder 1.11 is rotatably connected to the cylinder tail end mounting seat 1.1.8, and the front end is rotatably connected to the cylinder front end mounting seat 1.4.5 in the middle of the operating lever assembly 1.4, which can push the operating lever assembly 1.4 to rotate around the operating shaft 1.4.1 axis.

[0079] It also includes four sets of limit switches 1.12, which are mounted on the base 1.1 and located at the end of the travel of the operating lever assembly 1.4. These correspond to the open and closed positions of the left and right hatches, respectively.

[0080] like Figure 9 As shown, it also includes a control system 2, which includes an electrical control box 2.1, a pneumatic control box 2.2, and a pneumatic pipeline 2.3; the electrical control box 2.1 is equipped with a switching power supply 2.1.1 and a relay 2.1.2; the pneumatic control box 2.2 is equipped with a pressure regulating valve 2.2.1, a two-position five-way valve 2.2.2, and a manual three-way valve 2.2.3; four limit switches 1.2 correspond to the open and closed positions of the left and right hatches, respectively; the pneumatic pipeline 2.3 connects the actuator cylinder 1.11 to the pneumatic control box 2.2 and is equipped with four one-way throttle valves 2.3.1, which respectively regulate the exhaust flow of the pipelines at both ends of the left and right actuator cylinders 1.11; the electrical control box 2.1, the pneumatic control box 2.2, and the limit switches 1.12 are electrically connected by a cable 2.4.

[0081] This embodiment is a novel sliding mechanical dead-point locking mechanism. The operating lever is a fixed-length connecting rod. In the locked position of the locking mechanism, the relative position of the front end of the resistance arm and the resistance wheel can be adjusted by adjusting the screw to ensure that the locking effect of the left and right hatches is consistent. When combined with a one-way throttle valve, it can solve the problem of asynchronous opening or closing of the hatches.

[0082] like Figure 10 As shown, the upper support mechanism 4 has a symmetrical overall structure, including an upper rocker arm spindle seat 4.1, an upper rocker arm spindle 4.2, an upper left rocker arm assembly 4.3, and an upper right rocker arm assembly 4.4, which are installed on the upper part of the support frame via the upper rocker arm spindle seat. The upper rocker arm spindle 4.2 is coaxial with the rocker arm spindle 1.2.

[0083] The upper ends of the left and right hatches are rigidly connected to the upper support mechanism, and the lower ends are rigidly connected to the locking mechanism. They can rotate together with the rocker arm around the rocker arm's main axis and be locked by the locking mechanism.

[0084] The working principle of the opening and closing mechanism of this invention is as follows:

[0085] The operation of the swing arm assembly is achieved by rotating the actuating cylinder, or by connecting the unlocking tool to the hexagonal column of the operating shaft and manually driving the swing arm assembly to rotate. This allows the slider to slide within the sliding guide rod assembly, driving the rocker arm to rotate around the rocker arm shaft, and ultimately driving the movable hatch to rotate, thus achieving the opening or closing function. For manual operation, the manual three-way valve of the pneumatic control box must first be rotated to the venting position to directly connect the pipes at both ends of the actuating cylinder to the external atmospheric environment.

[0086] When the operating lever assembly and the sliding guide rod assembly are nearly perpendicular, that is, when the slider is close to the slider stop, the resistance wheel below the slider contacts the front end of the resistance arm. Additional power is required to force the resistance arm to compress the torsion spring so that the operating lever assembly can continue to rotate.

[0087] When the operating lever assembly is perpendicular to the sliding guide rod assembly, the mechanical dead point is reached. Continue rotating the operating lever assembly until the slider contacts the slider stop, and the slider reaches the end of its stroke. At this point, the angle between the operating lever assembly and the sliding guide rod assembly is less than 90 degrees, and the locking mechanism is locked in place. Simultaneously, the resistance wheel below the slider disengages from the resistance arm, and the resistance arm automatically resets under the force of the torsion spring.

[0088] The operating lever assembly, the lower rocker arm and sliding guide rod assembly, and the base can all be regarded as rigid connecting rods. After the locking mechanism reaches the end of its stroke, due to the mechanical self-locking angle, the airflow impact generated by the high-speed movement of the rail vehicle acts on the lower rocker arm and sliding guide rod assembly through the hatch. Ultimately, this only makes the slider press the slider stop more tightly, which is more conducive to the locking of the mechanism.

[0089] The elastic element provides sufficient elastic force to keep the operating lever assembly at the end of the locking mechanism's stroke, preventing abnormal rotation of the operating lever assembly due to disturbances such as bumps and vibrations during rail vehicle operation, thus avoiding locking failure.

[0090] The resistance arm, via the resistance wheel beneath the slider, provides a limiting function for the slider, ensuring it remains close to the slider stop. This prevents disturbances such as bumps and vibrations during rail vehicle operation from causing the slider to disengage from the slider stop, thus avoiding locking failure. The relative position of the front end of the resistance arm and the resistance wheel can also be adjusted using adjusting screws to ensure consistent locking performance for both left and right doors.

[0091] The working principle of this invention is:

[0092] By driving the operating lever assembly 1.4 to rotate through the cylinder 1.11, or by connecting the unlocking tool to the hexagonal column 1.4.6 of the operating shaft 1.4.1, the operating lever assembly 1.4 can be rotated manually, which will cause the slider 1.7 to slide within the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6, thereby driving the lower rocker arm 1.3 to rotate around the rocker arm shaft 1.2, and finally driving the movable hatch to rotate, thus realizing the opening or closing function.

[0093] When operating manually, the manual three-way valve 2.2.3 of the pneumatic control box 2.2 must first be rotated to the venting state so that the pipelines at both ends of the actuator cylinder 1.11 are directly connected to the external atmospheric environment.

[0094] refer to Figure 6 When the operating lever assembly 1.4 is nearly perpendicular to the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6, that is, when the slider 1.7 is close to the slider stop 1.6.3, the resistance wheel 1.8 below the slider 1.7 contacts the bearing 1.9.4 at the front end of the resistance arm 1.9. Additional power is required to force the resistance arm 1.9 to compress the torsion spring 1.10 so that the operating lever assembly 1.4 can continue to rotate.

[0095] When the operating lever assembly 1.4 is perpendicular to the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6, the mechanical dead point is reached. Continue rotating the operating lever assembly 1.4 until the slider 1.7 contacts the slider stop 1.6.3, and the slider 1.7 reaches the end of its stroke. At this point, the angle between the operating lever assembly 1.4 and the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6 is less than 90 degrees, and the locking mechanism 1 is locked in place. Simultaneously, the resistance wheel 1.8 below the slider 1.7 disengages from the bearing 1.9.4 at the front end of the resistance arm 1.9, and under the force of the torsion spring 1.10, the resistance arm 1.9 automatically resets.

[0096] The operating lever assembly 1.4, the lower rocker arm 1.3, the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6, and the base 1.1 can all be regarded as rigid connecting rods. After the locking mechanism 1 reaches the end of its stroke, due to the mechanical self-locking angle, the airflow impact generated by the high-speed movement of the rail vehicle acts on the lower rocker arm 1.3 and the sliding guide rod assembly 1.6 through the hatch. Ultimately, this only makes the slider 1.7 press the slider stop 1.6.3 more tightly, which is more conducive to the locking of the mechanism.

[0097] The elastic element 1.5 can provide sufficient elastic force to keep the operating lever assembly 1.4 at the end of the stroke of the locking mechanism 1, so as to prevent the abnormal rotation of the operating lever assembly 1.4 caused by disturbances such as bumps and vibrations during the operation of the rail vehicle, and avoid the problem of locking failure.

[0098] The resistance arm 1.9, via the resistance wheel 1.8 below the slider 1.7, provides a limiting function for the slider 1.7, ensuring that the slider 1.7 remains close to the slider stop 1.8. This prevents disturbances such as bumps and vibrations during rail vehicle operation from causing the slider 1.7 to disengage from the slider stop 1.8, thus avoiding locking failure. The relative position of the front end of the resistance arm 1.9 and the resistance wheel 1.8 can also be adjusted using the adjusting screw 1.9.3 to ensure consistent locking of the left and right hatches.

[0099] This embodiment also provides a control method for an automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles, which employs the aforementioned automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles. The steps are as follows:

[0100] Step 1: Input the open / close command into the control system;

[0101] Step 2: The control system determines the state of the opening and closing mechanism through limit switches. The opening and closing mechanism includes three states: open and locked, closed and locked, and during the opening and closing process.

[0102] Step 3: Determine whether the state of the opening and closing mechanism is consistent with the state feedback from the limit switch. If they are inconsistent, initialize the overall state of the opening and closing mechanism so that it is in one of the two states of open and locked or closed and locked that matches the state feedback from the limit switch.

[0103] After manual operation, the internal state of the opening and closing mechanism may be inconsistent with the feedback signal. It is necessary to determine the state of the door assembly based on the state of the limit switch, and initialize and unify the state of the components and system of the opening and closing mechanism.

[0104] Step 4: Execute the corresponding operation based on the state of the opening / closing mechanism and the open / close command. If it is in the open and locked state, close and lock the opening / closing mechanism; if it is in the closed and locked state, open and lock the opening / closing mechanism.

[0105] The steps of closing and locking the opening and closing mechanism include:

[0106] A reversing signal is sent to the two-position five-way valve via an intermediate relay, causing it to be in the closed state and locking the opening and closing mechanism.

[0107] The pressure of the actuator cylinder is adjusted to the point where the opening and closing mechanism can operate smoothly by supplying air through the pressure reducing valve. The operating speed is adjusted by the one-way throttle valve, which makes the actuator cylinder push rod move forward, and the left and right hatches close and lock, triggering the limit switch to close the door to the full position. The limit switch then provides feedback on the closed and locked state.

[0108] The pressure reducing valve supplies air to increase the pressure, keeping the actuator cylinder in a pressure-holding state and providing sufficient clamping force to resist the influence of wind pressure.

[0109] The steps of opening and locking the opening and closing mechanism include:

[0110] A reversing signal is sent to the two-position five-way valve via an intermediate relay, so that it is in the working condition of opening and locking the opening and closing mechanism.

[0111] The pressure of the actuator cylinder is adjusted by supplying air through the pressure reducing valve so that the opening and closing mechanism can operate smoothly. The operating speed is adjusted by the one-way throttle valve, which causes the actuator cylinder push rod to move backward, opening and locking the left and right hatches. This triggers the limit switch to activate when the doors are fully open, and the limit switch provides feedback on the open and locked state.

[0112] During operation, the limit switch remains in its initial state without triggering, and the normally closed contacts remain closed. The normally closed contacts of the door opening / closing limit switches detect the cylinder's operating status. The opening / closing process is judged by connecting four pairs of normally closed contacts in series. If all four limit switches fail to trigger, it is determined that the door opening / closing process is in progress, and a feedback signal will be sent to the train. This feedback signal alerts the driver and other personnel to the opening / closing mechanism's status to prevent injury. Alternatively, a prolonged period in the in-process state can signal a malfunction in the opening / closing mechanism.

[0113] Manual operation: Because the actuator cylinder is in a pressure-holding state after it reaches its position, it provides a fastening force to the left and right hatches. The system air pressure needs to be released through the three-way valve before the corresponding manual function can be performed.

[0114] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention within the spirit and principles of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles, characterized in that, Includes a locking mechanism (1), a support frame (3), an upper support mechanism (4), and a hatch assembly; The left hatch (5) and right hatch (6) of the hatch assembly are both connected to the support frame (3) of the rail vehicle through the upper support mechanism (4), and the left hatch (5) and right hatch (6) can be opened and closed relative to each other; The left hatch (5) and the right hatch (6) are also connected to locking mechanisms (1) symmetrically arranged on the support frame (3), which are used to lock the left hatch (5) and the right hatch (6) when they are opened and closed. The locking mechanism (1) includes a base (1.1), a rocker arm spindle (1.2), a lower rocker arm (1.3), an operating lever assembly (1.4), a sliding guide rod assembly (1.6), and a slider (1.7); The base is mounted on the support frame (3); One end of the lower rocker arm (1.3) is hinged to the base (1.1) via the rocker arm spindle (1.2), and the other end is connected to the hatch assembly, for driving the hatch assembly to open and close by rotating the lower rocker arm (1.3) around the rocker arm spindle (1.2); One end of the operating lever assembly (1.4) is rotatably mounted on the base (1.1), and the other end is slidably connected to the sliding guide rod assembly (1.6) mounted on the lower rocker arm (1.3) via a slider (1.7). The slider (1.7) is used to drive the slider (1.7) to slide by rotating the operating lever assembly (1.4). The sliding of the slider (1.7) is used to drive the lower rocker arm (1.3) to rotate around the rocker arm main shaft (1.2). When the slider (1.7) is located at the end of the sliding guide rod assembly (1.6) away from the rocker arm main shaft (1.2), a mechanical dead point is formed. It also includes a resistance wheel (1.8) and a resistance arm (1.9); The resistance wheel (1.8) is located at the connection between the slider (1.7) and the operating lever assembly (1.4). The resistance arm (1.9) is rotatably mounted on the base (1.1) and located on the movement trajectory of the resistance wheel (1.8). It is used to abut against the resistance wheel (1.8) and provide resistance before the sliding guide rod assembly (1.6) and the lower rocker arm (1.3) are about to form a mechanical dead point. The end of the resistance arm (1.9) that contacts the resistance wheel (1.8) is also provided with a bearing (1.9.4); A torsion spring (1.10) is also provided between the resistance arm (1.9) and the base (1.1), the torsion spring (1.10) being used to provide resistance for the resistance arm (1.9) to abut against the resistance wheel (1.8); One end of the resistance arm (1.9) is rotatably mounted on the base (1.1) via the resistance arm pivot (1.9.1) and the resistance arm pivot seat (1.1.6). The resistance arm pivot seat (1.1.6) is also provided with a resistance arm stop (1.9.2) for limiting the resistance arm (1.9). The resistance arm (1.9) is also provided with an adjusting screw (1.9.3), which is used to adjust the relative position of the resistance arm (1.9) and the resistance wheel (1.8); It also includes four sets of limit switches (1.12) set on the base (1.1) and located at the end of the travel of the operating lever assembly (1.4), corresponding to the open and closed positions of the left and right hatches respectively.

2. The automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an elastic element (1.5), one end of which is connected to the base (1.1) and the other end is connected to the operating lever assembly (1.4) to provide resistance for maintaining the operating lever assembly (1.4) at the mechanical dead point position.

3. The automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operating lever assembly (1.4) includes an operating shaft (1.4.1), an operating lever (1.4.2), and a slider connecting rod (1.4.4); the operating shaft (1.4.1) is rotatably mounted on the base (1.1) via an operating lever shaft seat (1.1.3); one end of the operating lever (1.4.2) is connected to the operating shaft (1.4.1), and the other end is connected to the slider connecting rod (1.4.4); the upper part of the slider connecting rod (1.4.4) is rotatably connected to the slider (1.7); a hexagonal column (1.4.6) is also connected to the lower end of the operating shaft (1.4.1); The sliding guide rod assembly (1.6) includes a sliding guide rod (1.6.1), a guide rod mounting base (1.6.2), and a slider stop (1.6.3); the lower rocker arm (1.3) is rigidly connected to the guide rod mounting base (1.6.2) through a threaded hole; the cross-sectional shape of the sliding guide rod (1.6.1) is composed of a major arc and a corresponding chord, the arc surface of the sliding guide rod (1.6.1) is slidably connected to the corresponding groove on the slider (1.7), the plane of the sliding guide rod (1.6.1) is rigidly connected to the guide rod mounting base (1.6.2), and the end of the sliding guide rod (1.6.1) is provided with a slider stop (1.6.3); the middle part of the slider (1.7) is rotatably connected to the slider connecting rod (1.4.4) through a round hole.

4. The automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes an actuator cylinder (1.11) for driving the rotation of the operating rocker arm assembly (1.4).

5. An automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a control system (2), which includes an electrical control box (2.1), a pneumatic control box (2.2), and a pneumatic pipeline (2.3); the electrical control box (2.1) is equipped with a switching power supply (2.1.1) and a relay (2.1.2); the pneumatic control box (2.2) is equipped with a pressure regulating valve (2.2.1), a two-position five-way valve (2.2.2), and a manual three-way valve (2.2.3); the pneumatic pipeline (2.3) connects the actuator cylinder (1.11) to the pneumatic control box (2.2) and is equipped with four one-way throttle valves (2.3.1), which respectively adjust the exhaust flow of the pipelines at both ends of the left and right actuator cylinders (1.11); the electrical control box (2.1), the pneumatic control box (2.2), and the limit switch (1.12) are electrically connected by a cable (2.4).

6. A control method for an automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles, characterized in that, The automatic opening and closing mechanism for rail vehicles as described in claim 5 includes the following steps: Step 1: Input the open / close command into the control system; Step 2: The control system determines the state of the opening and closing mechanism through limit switches. The opening and closing mechanism includes three states: open and locked, closed and locked, and during the opening and closing process. Step 3: Determine whether the state of the opening and closing mechanism is consistent with the state feedback from the limit switch. If they are inconsistent, initialize the overall state of the opening and closing mechanism so that it is in one of the two states of open and locked or closed and locked that matches the state feedback from the limit switch. Step 4: Execute the corresponding operation based on the status of the opening and closing mechanism and the open / close command. If it is in the open and locked state, close and lock the opening and closing mechanism. If it is in the closed and locked state, the opening and closing mechanism will be opened and locked. The steps of closing and locking the opening and closing mechanism include: A reversing signal is sent to the two-position five-way valve via an intermediate relay, causing it to be in the closed state and locking the opening and closing mechanism. The pressure of the actuator cylinder is adjusted to the point where the opening and closing mechanism can operate smoothly by supplying air through the pressure reducing valve. The operating speed is adjusted by the one-way throttle valve, which makes the actuator cylinder push rod move forward, and the left and right hatches close and lock, triggering the limit switch to close the door to the full position. The limit switch then provides feedback on the closed and locked state. The pressure reducing valve supplies air to increase the pressure, keeping the actuator cylinder in a pressure-holding state and providing sufficient clamping force to resist the influence of wind pressure. The steps of opening and locking the opening and closing mechanism include: A reversing signal is sent to the two-position five-way valve via an intermediate relay, so that it is in the working condition of opening and locking the opening and closing mechanism. The pressure of the actuator cylinder is adjusted by supplying air through the pressure reducing valve so that the opening and closing mechanism can operate smoothly. The operating speed is adjusted by the one-way throttle valve, which causes the actuator cylinder push rod to move backward, opening and locking the left and right hatches. This triggers the limit switch to activate when the doors are fully open, and the limit switch provides feedback on the open and locked state.

Images