Tunnel section deformation monitoring system and method based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging

Abstract

The invention provides a roadway section deformation monitoring system and method based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, and belongs to the technical field of roadway on-site deformation monitoring. The roadway section deformation monitoring system comprises two anchor flukes, an upper end steel wire rope, a steel wire rope lock catch, a lower end steel wire rope, a shell, a multi-point laser ranging device, an infrared receiver and a control panel; according to the system, through cooperative work of the two anchor flukes and the three multi-point laser ranging devices, deformation monitoring of the whole section is completed, measured values before and after deformation are stored and displayed through the digital display, manual calculation is not needed in the operation process, and the accuracy of a measured result can be guaranteed; by measuring and monitoring the deformation of the roadway, the deformation information of the roadway is accurately mastered, the roadway can be repaired in a targeted manner in time, and the safety of the roadway and the life safety of workers are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel on-site deformation monitoring, and in particular to a tunnel section deformation monitoring system and method based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel deformation monitoring is an important part of mine safety production, which is directly related to the stability and production efficiency of the mine. With the increase of mining depth, the rock pressure increases, and the deformation and damage of the tunnel surrounding rock become issues that need to be considered in mining. Traditional tunnel deformation monitoring methods, such as the cross point method, have the disadvantages of large errors, large workload, and low efficiency.

[0003] A Chinese patent (publication number: CN117739850A) discloses a safe method for monitoring deformation of tunnels. Every 50 meters, the first intrinsically safe laser rangefinder, the second intrinsically safe laser rangefinder and the third intrinsically safe laser rangefinder are installed on the left side, right side and top of the tunnel respectively. At the same time, a mine intrinsically safe surrounding rock separation monitor is installed on the top of the tunnel to observe the top and bottom plates and the two sides of the tunnel in real time. The observation data is transmitted to the ground database through the underground ring network. The ground database saves all the monitored data and provides a real-time deformation analysis summary. However, this method requires the installation of mine intrinsically safe laser rangefinders at multiple locations in the tunnel, which requires too much manpower, is troublesome to install, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and requires the data of each device to be collected separately, which greatly increases the complexity of data management and has data consistency issues. Summary of the invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a tunnel section deformation monitoring system and method based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, which can efficiently and accurately monitor tunnel deformation and reduce labor intensity, specifically including:

[0005] A tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, comprising:

[0006] Two anchor claws, one anchor claw is installed at a first base point in the measuring point hole, and the other anchor claw is installed at a second base point in the measuring point hole, and the depth of the second base point in the hole is greater than the depth of the first base point in the hole;

[0007] An upper steel wire rope, a steel wire rope lock and a lower steel wire rope, the two upper steel wire ropes are connected to two anchor claws respectively, the ends of the two upper steel wire ropes away from the anchor claws are connected to the two lower steel wire ropes respectively through the steel wire rope lock, and the two lower steel wire ropes are connected to the signal converter, when the layer plate at the location of the measuring point is delaminated, the two anchor claws transmit signals to the signal converter to obtain the sinking amount of the layer plate at the location of the measuring point;

[0008] A housing, wherein the housing is a box, and the signal converter is installed in the housing;

[0009] A multi-point laser distance measuring device, an infrared receiver and a control panel, wherein the multi-point laser distance measuring device, the infrared receiver and the control panel are installed in the shell, the infrared receiver is connected to the control panel, and the control panel is connected to the multi-point laser distance measuring device.

[0010] Optionally, the system further comprises an upper steel pipe, a support plate and a lower steel pipe;

[0011] The two upper end steel wire ropes are installed in one upper end steel pipe;

[0012] The two lower end steel wire ropes are installed in one lower end steel pipe;

[0013] The bottom of the upper steel pipe and the top of the lower steel pipe are threadedly connected;

[0014] A support plate is arranged above the external thread of the lower end of the upper steel pipe. When the upper steel pipe and the lower steel pipe are tightened, the top end of the lower steel pipe presses upward against the support plate.

[0015] Optionally, the bottom of the lower end steel pipe is installed on the upper surface of the shell, and the lower end steel wire rope passes through the shell and is connected to the signal converter.

[0016] Optionally, the system further includes:

[0017] A power supply, which is used to supply power to the multi-point laser ranging device, the infrared receiver and the control panel, and the signal converter;

[0018] A remote controller, the remote controller being connected to the infrared receiver signal;

[0019] A digital display, the digital display is connected to the control panel;

[0020] The power supply, the remote controller and the digital display are arranged outside the housing.

[0021] Optionally, the number of the multi-point laser ranging devices is three;

[0022] The two multi-point laser distance measuring devices are respectively mounted on two opposite side walls inside the housing;

[0023] Another of the multi-point laser ranging devices is installed on the bottom of the interior of the housing.

[0024] Optionally, the multi-point laser ranging device includes: a multi-point laser emitting module, a laser receiving module, a central processing module and a data processing module;

[0025] Each of the multi-point laser distance measuring devices is connected to a junction box in the housing;

[0026] The central processing module is connected to the multi-point laser emitting module and the laser receiving module respectively, and the central processing module supports adjusting the distance and angle parameters from the laser emitting module to each monitoring point;

[0027] The data processing module acquires and analyzes the original data of the laser receiving module, and the data processing module obtains the distance information from the laser emitting module to each measuring point according to the original data of the laser receiving module.

[0028] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring tunnel section deformation based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, comprising the above-mentioned tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1. Select multiple measuring points on the tunnel section and select one measuring point on the top plate of the tunnel section;

[0030] S2, assembling the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging;

[0031] S3, drilling holes at the measuring points on the top plate of the tunnel section, and installing the two anchor claws in the holes;

[0032] S4, installing a reflector at each measuring point on both sides of the tunnel section, turning on the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging corresponding to each measuring point, and adjusting the angle of each laser beam so that each laser beam is aligned with the center position of the reflector at the corresponding measuring point;

[0033] S5. Obtain the movement amount of the measuring points on both sides of the tunnel section, the bottom bulge amount of the measuring points at the bottom of the tunnel section, and the sinking amount of the measuring points at the top of the tunnel section through the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging.

[0034] Optionally, the step of selecting a plurality of measuring points on the tunnel section and selecting a measuring point on the top plate of the tunnel section in S1 includes:

[0035] Select 8 measuring points, and the distribution rules of the 8 measuring points follow rules 1 to 3:

[0036] Rule 1: Measuring points 1, 2 and 3 are evenly set from top to bottom on one side of the tunnel section;

[0037] Rule 2: Measuring points 4, 5 and 6 are evenly set from top to bottom on the other side of the tunnel section;

[0038] Rule 3: A measuring point 7 is set at the bottom of the tunnel section, and a measuring point 8 is set at the top of the tunnel section.

[0039] Optionally, the step of drilling holes at the measuring points on the top plate of the tunnel section and installing the two anchor claws in the holes comprises:

[0040] Drill a hole at measuring point 8 and install two anchor claws in measuring point 8 and follow the following requirements:

[0041] The depth of the first base point in the hole is 3 m, and the depth of the second base point in the hole is 8 m;

[0042] After the two anchor claws are installed and fixed at the first base point and the second base point respectively, the anchor cable is pulled out, and the corresponding two upper end steel wire ropes are pulled until the two anchor claws are confirmed to be fixed;

[0043] The step S4 of installing a reflector at each measuring point on both sides of the tunnel section includes:

[0044] Install reflectors at measuring points 1 to 6.

[0045] Optionally, the moving amount of the measuring points on both sides of the tunnel section, the bottom bulging amount of the measuring points at the bottom of the tunnel section, and the sinking amount of the measuring points at the top of the tunnel section obtained by the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on the adjustable multi-point laser ranging device in S5 include:

[0046] The formula for the displacement from measuring point 1 to measuring point 6 follows formula (1):

[0047] , and n is a positive integer, n≤6; (1)

[0048] Δx n is the displacement of measuring point n, L n is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n to the kth monitoring point n, L n ´ is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n to the measurement point n at the k+1th monitoring, θ n is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n and the horizontal plane at the kth monitoring, θ n ´ is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to the observation point n and the horizontal plane at the k+1th monitoring, k is a positive integer;

[0049] The formula for the bass drum volume at measuring point 7 follows formula (2):

[0050] ; (2)

[0051] Δx 7 is the bass drum volume at measuring point 7, L 7 is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point 7 to the kth monitoring point n, L 7 ´ is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point 7 to the k+1th monitoring point 7, θ 7 is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to observation point 7 and the horizontal plane during the kth monitoring, θ 7 ´ is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to observation point 7 and the horizontal plane during the k+1th monitoring;

[0052] The formula for the sinking amount of measuring point 8 follows formula (3):

[0053] ; (3)

[0054] Δx 8 is the sinking amount of measuring point 8, L 8 is the top plate displacement at the kth detection of measuring point 8, L 8 ´ is the roof separation displacement at the k+1th detection of measuring point 8.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0056] Through the laser ranging technology with adjustable angle, the discrete error of data can be reduced, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement and the reliability of data; the monitor can realize automatic monitoring, reduce the intensity of manual labor, and improve the monitoring efficiency, especially in complex tunnel environments; the monitoring system can monitor the deformation of the tunnel in real time, and output the measurement data in real time through the output and display module, which can timely discover and deal with tunnel safety problems; the adjustable multi-point laser ranging technology enables the monitor to adapt to the monitoring needs of different tunnel sections and provide a more flexible monitoring solution; the automated and efficient monitoring system can save costs in long-term operation, especially compared with the traditional "cross point method". At the same time, the instrument is equipped with a connection device, which adopts a simple threaded structure, and the lower shell part can be easily disassembled, which enhances the reusability of the equipment and saves the cost of monitoring; by real-time monitoring of tunnel deformation, the monitor helps prevent accidents and ensure the safety of mining operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0058] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of locking a wire rope lock buckle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-point laser ranging device provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 4 This is a distribution diagram of measurement points of the method provided by the present invention.

[0062] Marking Description:

[0063] 1. Anchor claw; 2. Upper wire rope, 3. Lower wire rope; 4. Upper steel pipe; 5. Lower steel pipe; 6. Wire rope lock; 7. Bolt; 8. Shell; 9. Multi-point laser ranging device; 10. Infrared receiver; 11. Control panel; 12. Support plate; 13. Power supply; 14. Digital display; 15. Remote control; 16. Multi-point laser emission module; 17. Laser receiving module; 18. Central processing module; 19. Data processing module; 20. Signal converter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one", "one" or "the" do not indicate a quantitative limitation, but indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0066] It should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front" and "back" used in the present invention are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0067] The existing patent "CN219319333U-A monitoring device for surrounding rock changes in mine tunnels" discloses the structure of two anchor claws 1, which are also used for tunnel deformation measurement. However, the prior art is a disposable device and does not consider multiple uses. There is no relevant introduction to the relevant accurate measurement method. Based on this, the present invention provides a tunnel section deformation monitoring system and method based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, which are as follows:

[0068] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides, in a first aspect, a tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, comprising:

[0069] This system completes deformation monitoring of the entire cross section through the coordinated work of two anchor claws 1 and three multi-point laser ranging devices 9, covering key parts such as the tunnel vault, arch shoulder, arch side, arch foot and floor, and stores and displays the measured values ​​before and after deformation through the digital display 14. No manual calculation is required during the operation, which can ensure the accuracy of the measurement results; through the measurement and monitoring of the tunnel deformation, the tunnel deformation information is accurately grasped, and targeted repairs can be taken on the tunnel in a timely manner, ensuring the safety of the tunnel and the lives of the workers.

[0070] One anchor claw 1 is installed on a first base point in the measuring point hole, and the other anchor claw 1 is installed on a second base point in the measuring point hole. The depth of the second base point in the hole is greater than the depth of the first base point in the hole.

[0071] The two upper steel wire ropes 2 are connected to the two anchor claws 1 respectively, and the ends of the two upper steel wire ropes 2 away from the anchor claws 1 are connected to the two lower steel wire ropes 3 respectively through the steel wire rope lockers 6, and the two lower steel wire ropes 3 are connected to the signal converter 20. When the layer plate at the location of the measuring point is delaminated, the two anchor claws 1 transmit signals to the signal converter 20 to obtain the sinking amount of the layer plate at the location of the measuring point;

[0072] The shell 8 is a box-shaped structure, the signal converter 20 is installed in the shell 8, the multi-point laser ranging device 9, the infrared receiver 10 and the control panel 11 are installed in the shell 8, the infrared receiver 10 and the control panel 11 are connected, and the control panel 11 is connected to the multi-point laser ranging device 9.

[0073] The wire rope lock buckle 6 is a prior art, generally a hand-tightened wire rope lock buckle 6. The wire rope lock buckle 6 of the present invention is integrated, and four threaded holes are arranged on a cylinder. The upper two threaded holes are fixed to the upper end wire rope 2 through two corresponding bolts 7, and the lower two threaded holes are fixed to the lower end wire rope 3 through two corresponding bolts 7.

[0074] During monitoring, the two anchor claws 1 need to be installed at the corresponding base points according to the rules. However, in the prior art, the anchor claws 1 are generally not taken out when the next monitoring is performed, and a new set of equipment is required for measurement. However, since the present application is divided into an upper wire rope 2 and a lower wire rope 3, it is only necessary to disassemble the upper wire rope 2 and the wire rope lock 6 after the measurement is completed, and the lower end component can continue to be used, thereby enhancing the reusability of the equipment.

[0075] Two anchor claws 1 are installed at two base points at a depth and a shallow depth respectively. The bottom of the anchor claw 1 is connected to the upper end of the wire rope 2. When the top plate delamination occurs, the signal is transmitted to the signal converter 20, so as to obtain the sinking amount of the top plate.

[0076] In a specific implementation manner, the system further includes an upper steel pipe 4, a supporting plate 12 and a lower steel pipe 5; the two upper steel wire ropes 2 are installed in one upper steel pipe 4; the two lower steel wire ropes 3 are installed in one lower steel pipe 5; the bottom of the upper steel pipe 4 and the top of the lower steel pipe 5 are threadedly connected; a supporting plate 12 is arranged above the external thread of the lower end of the upper steel pipe 4, and when the upper steel pipe 4 and the lower steel pipe 5 are tightened, the top end of the lower steel pipe 5 presses upward against the supporting plate 12. One end of the upper steel wire rope 2 is connected to the corresponding anchor claw 1, and the other end of the upper steel wire rope 2 passes through the upper steel pipe 4 in turn, and is fixed by the corresponding bolt 7 on the wire rope lock buckle 6 in the connection between the upper steel pipe 4 and the lower steel pipe 5; the lower steel wire rope 3 is connected to the signal conversion device, and the support plate 12 is made of metal material, which is responsible for supporting and fixing the instrument. The support plate 12 and the upper steel pipe 4 are integrally arranged, and specifically can be a circular ring platform arranged on the outer wall of the upper steel pipe 4, and the circular ring platform is concentrically arranged with the upper steel pipe 4.

[0077] In a specific implementation manner, the bottom of the lower end steel pipe 5 is installed on the upper surface of the shell 8 , and the lower end steel wire rope 3 passes through the shell 8 and is connected to the signal converter 20 .

[0078] Optionally, the system also includes: a power supply 13, a remote control 15 and a digital display 14, the power supply 13 is used to power the multi-point laser ranging device 9, the infrared receiver 10 and the control panel 11, and the signal converter 20; the remote control 15 is signal-connected to the infrared receiver 10; the digital display 14 is connected to the control panel 11; the power supply 13, the remote control 15 and the digital display 14 are arranged outside the shell 8.

[0079] There are three multi-point laser ranging devices 9; two of the multi-point laser ranging devices 9 are respectively installed on two opposite side walls inside the shell 8; another multi-point laser ranging device 9 is installed on the bottom inside the shell 8, that is, multi-point laser ranging devices 9 are respectively provided on the left, right and bottom surfaces of the shell 8, and each multi-point laser ranging device 9 is connected to the junction box and fixedly installed at these positions respectively.

[0080] The multi-point laser ranging device 9 includes: a multi-point laser emitting module 16, a laser receiving module 17, a central processing module 18 and a data processing module 19;

[0081] Each of the multi-point laser distance measuring devices 9 is connected to a junction box in the housing 8;

[0082] The central processing module 18 is connected to the multi-point laser emitting module 16 and the laser receiving module 17 respectively, and the central processing module 18 supports adjusting the distance and angle parameters from the laser emitting module to each monitoring point;

[0083] The data processing module 19 acquires and analyzes the original data of the laser receiving module 17 , and obtains the distance information from the laser emitting module to each measuring point according to the original data of the laser receiving module 17 .

[0084] The main structure of the relevant components of the present invention is the existing technology, such as the multi-point laser ranging device 9, the remote control 15, the display, etc. The relevant principles and structures are the existing technology. The present invention combines them for use. The central processing module 18 can control the operation of the laser emitting unit and the receiving unit, and adjust the distance and angle parameters according to actual conditions; the data processing module 19 is responsible for receiving, processing and analyzing the raw data obtained from the laser receiving module, converting it into usable distance information and outputting it.

[0085] Two multi-point laser ranging devices 9 arranged on opposite sides respectively emit lasers at three different angles in the vertical direction to measure the deformation of the arch shoulders, two sides and arch feet of the tunnel; the multi-point laser ranging device 9 on the ground emits lasers vertically downward to measure the deformation of the base plate; the laser receiving module 17 is used to collect the reflected signal of the emitted laser.

[0086] The junction box has four built-in holes, the three upper holes are connected to three multi-point laser ranging devices 9 respectively, and the lower hole is connected to a signal converter 20.

[0087] The signal converter 20 is connected to the control panel 11 , and transmits the top plate deformation data and the distance and angle data measured by the three multi-point laser distance measuring devices 9 to the control panel 11 .

[0088] In a specific implementation mode, the control panel 11 includes a laser distance measurement module, a laser angle adjustment module, a laser angle measurement module, and a data processing module 19; the relevant modules on the control panel 11 are technical, and the control panel 11 is connected to the digital display 14. The laser distance measurement module controls the three multi-point laser distance measurement devices 9 to emit laser beams and measures the time from the emission to the reflection of the laser, and calculates the distance by using the constancy of the speed of light; the laser angle adjustment module adjusts the angle of the laser emitted by the multi-point laser distance measurement device 9 in real time according to the on-site situation; the laser angle measurement module is responsible for real-time measurement of the angle between the three laser beams emitted by the two relatively arranged multi-point laser distance measurement devices 9 and the horizontal plane, and real-time measurement of the angle between the one laser beam emitted by the multi-point laser distance measurement device 9 at the bottom and the vertical plane; the data processing module 19 processes the signal from the signal converter 20 and transmits the data to the digital display 14 in real time.

[0089] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides, on the other hand, a method for monitoring tunnel section deformation based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, comprising the above-mentioned tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, comprising the following steps:

[0090] S1. Selecting a plurality of measuring points on the tunnel section and selecting a measuring point on the top plate of the tunnel section, specifically comprising:

[0091] Select 8 measuring points, and the distribution rules of the 8 measuring points follow rules 1 to 3:

[0092] Rule 1: Measuring points 1, 2 and 3 are evenly set from top to bottom on one side of the tunnel section;

[0093] Rule 2: Measuring points 4, 5 and 6 are evenly set from top to bottom on the other side of the tunnel section;

[0094] Rule 3: A measuring point 7 is set at the bottom of the tunnel section, and a measuring point 8 is set at the top of the tunnel section.

[0095] In this step, the monitoring section is mainly determined according to the actual engineering situation of the underground tunnel, and measuring points are selected on the top and bottom plates, the arch shoulders, the side parts and the arch feet of the left and right sides of the section, a total of 8 measuring points, and spray point markings are performed at the monitoring points to ensure accurate positioning.

[0096] S2, assembling the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging;

[0097] Assemble the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging. The operation process includes using wire rope locks to firmly connect the two upper wire ropes and the lower wire rope, ensuring that the upper steel pipe and the lower steel pipe are accurately aligned, and then tightening the corresponding threaded joints to achieve a stable connection between the two steel pipes. Finally, connect the power supply for equipment operation.

[0098] S3, drilling holes at the measuring points on the top plate of the tunnel section, and installing the two anchor claws in the holes, specifically comprising:

[0099] Drill a hole at measuring point 8 and install two anchor claws in measuring point 8 and follow the following requirements:

[0100] The depth of the first base point in the hole is 3 m, and the depth of the second base point in the hole is 8 m;

[0101] After the two anchor claws are respectively installed and fixed at the first base point and the second base point, the anchor cable is pulled out, and the corresponding two upper end steel wire ropes are pulled until it is determined that the two anchor claws are fixed.

[0102] In this step, the main thing is to drill a hole at the top plate measuring point 8 of the monitoring section, stretch the anchor claws on the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, and push the deep base point anchor claw into the hole with an anchor cable or installation rod to about 8 meters. After pulling out the anchor cable, pull the wire rope by hand to confirm that the anchor claw is fixed. Similarly, install the shallow base point anchor claw in the hole about 3 meters and fix it.

[0103] S4, installing a reflector at each measuring point on both sides of the tunnel section, turning on the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging corresponding to each measuring point, and adjusting the angle of each laser beam so that each laser beam is aligned with the center position of the reflector at the corresponding measuring point;

[0104] In this step, reflectors are installed at measuring points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the monitored section, the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging is turned on, and the angle of each laser beam is adjusted by the remote control so that each laser beam is aligned with the center position of the reflector at the corresponding measuring point.

[0105] S5. Obtain the movement amount of the measuring points on both sides of the tunnel section, the bottom bulge amount of the measuring points at the bottom of the tunnel section, and the sinking amount of the measuring points at the top of the tunnel section through the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging.

[0106] The formula for the displacement from measuring point 1 to measuring point 6 follows formula (1):

[0107] , and n is a positive integer, n≤6; (1)

[0108] Δxn is the displacement of measuring point n, L n is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n to the kth monitoring point n, L n ´ is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n to the measurement point n at the k+1th monitoring, θ n is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n and the horizontal plane at the kth monitoring, θ n ´ is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to the observation point n and the horizontal plane at the k+1th monitoring, k is a positive integer;

[0109] The formula for the bass drum volume at measuring point 7 follows formula (2):

[0110] ; (2)

[0111] Δx 7 is the bass drum volume at measuring point 7, L 7 is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point 7 to the kth monitoring point n, L 7 ´ is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point 7 to the k+1th monitoring point 7, θ 7 is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to observation point 7 and the horizontal plane during the kth monitoring, θ 7 ´ is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to observation point 7 and the horizontal plane during the k+1th monitoring;

[0112] The formula for the sinking amount of measuring point 8 follows formula (3):

[0113] ; (3)

[0114] Δx 8 is the sinking amount of measuring point 8, L 8 is the top plate displacement at the kth detection of measuring point 8, L 8 ´ is the roof separation displacement at the k+1th detection of measuring point 8.

[0115] Later, the measurement data of different monitoring points in the tunnel are collected and stored into the computer, and the deformation curve is generated, so that the overall deformation of the tunnel can be understood.

[0116] This method is applicable to the deformation of the entire cross section of the tunnel under various conditions. After the instrument measures the data, it is processed and calculated by the control panel, and the digital display will store and display the deformation Δx of the monitoring position. 1 , Δx 2 , Δx 3 , Δx 4 , Δx 5 , Δx 6 , Δx 7and Δx 8 .

[0117] Through the laser ranging technology with adjustable angle, the discrete error of data can be reduced, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement and the reliability of data; the monitor can realize automatic monitoring, reduce the intensity of manual labor, and improve the monitoring efficiency, especially in complex tunnel environments; the monitoring system can monitor the deformation of the tunnel in real time, and output the measurement data in real time through the output and display module, which can timely discover and deal with tunnel safety problems; the adjustable multi-point laser ranging technology enables the monitor to adapt to the monitoring needs of different tunnel sections and provide a more flexible monitoring solution; the automated and efficient monitoring system can save costs in long-term operation, especially compared with the traditional "cross point method". At the same time, the instrument is equipped with a connection device, which adopts a simple threaded structure, and the lower shell part can be easily disassembled, which enhances the reusability of the equipment and saves the cost of monitoring; by real-time monitoring of tunnel deformation, the monitor helps prevent accidents and ensure the safety of mining operations.

[0118] The following points need to be explained:

[0119] (1) The drawings of the embodiments of the present invention only involve structures related to the embodiments of the present invention. Other structures may refer to conventional designs.

[0120] (2) For the sake of clarity, in the drawings used to describe the embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of layers or regions is exaggerated or reduced, that is, these drawings are not drawn according to the actual scale. It is understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, the element may be "directly" "on" or "under" the other element or there may be intermediate elements.

[0121] (3) In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0122] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, characterized in that: include: Two anchor claws, one anchor claw is installed at a first base point in the measuring point hole, and the other anchor claw is installed at a second base point in the measuring point hole, and the depth of the second base point in the hole is greater than the depth of the first base point in the hole; An upper steel wire rope, a steel wire rope lock and a lower steel wire rope, the two upper steel wire ropes are connected to two anchor claws respectively, the ends of the two upper steel wire ropes away from the anchor claws are connected to the two lower steel wire ropes respectively through the steel wire rope lock, and the two lower steel wire ropes are connected to the signal converter, when the layer plate at the location of the measuring point is delaminated, the two anchor claws transmit signals to the signal converter to obtain the sinking amount of the layer plate at the location of the measuring point; A housing, wherein the housing is a box, and the signal converter is installed in the housing; A multi-point laser distance measuring device, an infrared receiver and a control panel, wherein the multi-point laser distance measuring device, the infrared receiver and the control panel are installed in the shell, the infrared receiver is connected to the control panel, and the control panel is connected to the multi-point laser distance measuring device.

2. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an upper steel pipe, a support plate and a lower steel pipe; The two upper end steel wire ropes are installed in one upper end steel pipe; The two lower end steel wire ropes are installed in one lower end steel pipe; The bottom of the upper steel pipe and the top of the lower steel pipe are threadedly connected; A support plate is arranged above the external thread of the lower end of the upper steel pipe. When the upper steel pipe and the lower steel pipe are tightened, the top end of the lower steel pipe presses upward against the support plate.

3. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom of the lower end steel pipe is installed on the upper surface of the shell, and the lower end steel wire rope passes through the shell and is connected with the signal converter.

4. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Also includes: A power supply, which is used to supply power to the multi-point laser ranging device, the infrared receiver and the control panel, and the signal converter; A remote controller, the remote controller being connected to the infrared receiver signal; A digital display, the digital display is connected to the control panel; The power supply, the remote controller and the digital display are arranged outside the housing.

5. According to the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging according to claim 4, the number of the multi-point laser ranging devices is three; The two multi-point laser distance measuring devices are respectively mounted on two opposite side walls inside the housing; Another of the multi-point laser ranging devices is installed on the bottom of the interior of the housing.

6. The tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The multi-point laser ranging device comprises: a multi-point laser emitting module, a laser receiving module, a central processing module and a data processing module; Each of the multi-point laser distance measuring devices is connected to a junction box in the housing; The central processing module is connected to the multi-point laser emitting module and the laser receiving module respectively, and the central processing module supports adjusting the distance and angle parameters from the laser emitting module to each monitoring point; The data processing module acquires and analyzes the original data of the laser receiving module, and the data processing module obtains the distance information from the laser emitting module to each measuring point according to the original data of the laser receiving module.

7. A tunnel section deformation monitoring method based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging, characterized in that: A tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: S1. Select multiple measuring points on the tunnel section and select one measuring point on the top plate of the tunnel section; S2, assembling the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging; S3, drilling holes at the measuring points on the top plate of the tunnel section, and installing the two anchor claws in the holes; S4, installing a reflector at each measuring point on both sides of the tunnel section, turning on the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging corresponding to each measuring point, and adjusting the angle of each laser beam so that each laser beam is aligned with the center position of the reflector at the corresponding measuring point; S5. Obtain the movement amount of the measuring points on both sides of the tunnel section, the bottom bulge amount of the measuring points at the bottom of the tunnel section, and the sinking amount of the measuring points at the top of the tunnel section through the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging.

8. The method for monitoring tunnel section deformation based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The step of selecting a plurality of measuring points on the tunnel section and selecting a measuring point on the top plate of the tunnel section in S1 includes: Select 8 measuring points, and the distribution rules of the 8 measuring points follow rules 1 to 3: Rule 1: Measuring points 1, 2 and 3 are evenly set from top to bottom on one side of the tunnel section; Rule 2: Measuring points 4, 5 and 6 are evenly set from top to bottom on the other side of the tunnel section; Rule 3: A measuring point 7 is set at the bottom of the tunnel section, and a measuring point 8 is set at the top of the tunnel section.

9. The tunnel section deformation monitoring method based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The step S3 of drilling holes at the measuring points on the top plate of the tunnel section and installing the two anchor claws in the holes comprises: Drill a hole at measuring point 8 and install two anchor claws in measuring point 8 and follow the following requirements: The depth of the first base point in the hole is 3 m, and the depth of the second base point in the hole is 8 m; After the two anchor claws are installed and fixed at the first base point and the second base point respectively, the anchor cable is pulled out, and the corresponding two upper end steel wire ropes are pulled until the two anchor claws are confirmed to be fixed; The step S4 of installing a reflector at each measuring point on both sides of the tunnel section includes: Install reflectors at measuring points 1 to 6.

10. The tunnel section deformation monitoring method based on adjustable multi-point laser ranging according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The moving amount of the measuring points on both sides of the tunnel section, the bottom bulging amount of the measuring points at the bottom of the tunnel section, and the sinking amount of the measuring points at the top of the tunnel section obtained by the tunnel section deformation monitoring system based on the adjustable multi-point laser ranging system in S5 include: , and n is a positive integer, n≤6; (1) Δx n is the displacement of measuring point n, L n is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n to the kth monitoring point n, L n ´ is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n to the measurement point n at the k+1th monitoring, θ n is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to observation point n and the horizontal plane at the kth monitoring, θ n ´ is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to the observation point n and the horizontal plane at the k+1th monitoring, k is a positive integer; The formula for the bass drum volume at measuring point 7 follows formula (2): ；（2） Δx7 is the bottom drum amount of measuring point 7, L7 is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to the observation point 7 to the measuring point n at the kth monitoring, L7´ is the distance from the laser emission point corresponding to the observation point 7 to the measuring point 7 at the k+1th monitoring, θ7 is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to the observation point 7 and the horizontal plane at the kth monitoring, θ7´ is the angle between the laser emission point corresponding to the observation point 7 and the horizontal plane at the k+1th monitoring; The formula for the sinking amount of measuring point 8 follows formula (3): ；（3） Δx8 is the subsidence of measuring point 8, L8 is the top plate displacement at the kth detection of measuring point 8, and L8´ is the top plate displacement at the k+1th detection of measuring point 8.

Images