BIM-based tunnel portal side upward slope three-dimensional design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM-based tunnel portal side upward slope three-dimensional design method. The method comprises the following steps: creating a slope body cross section template database; tunnel side slope and upward slope path datum lines are created; creating side slope and upward slope key point cross sections; creating a middle cross section of the side slope and the upward slope, and creating a spatial curved surface representing the side slope and the upward slope; and creating an intersection line of the slope space curved surface and the terrain curved surface, and cutting the terrain curved surface by using the intersection line. According to the method, BIM-based tunnel portal side and front slope three-dimensional design is realized, slope body cross section templates and side and front slope path reference lines are constructed, slope body cross sections are instantiated on the path reference lines, each cross section and a three-dimensional terrain are subjected to interactive operation to form a space broken line segment, and the space broken line segment is subjected to three-dimensional modeling; a triangulation network is constructed between the broken line segments of the cross section of the adjacent slope body to form a slope body space curved surface, and finally, the edge and front slope BIM design is completed through terrain cutting, so that the intelligent level of tunnel engineering design is greatly improved, and the method has obvious popularization and application values.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of building technology, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional design method for a tunnel portal side slope based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] Building Information Modeling is a new tool for architecture, engineering and civil engineering. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is defined as an architectural or construction engineering information model that consists of complete and sufficient information to support lifecycle management and can be directly interpreted by computer applications. In short, it is the lifecycle management of the building environment supported by digital technology.

[0003] In tunnel engineering, the design of the back slope of the tunnel entrance is of vital importance. In the past, the two-dimensional section method was used to design the back slope of the tunnel entrance. It was impossible to grasp the relationship between the terrain, slope, and tunnel main structure from a global perspective, resulting in a great difference between the design results and the actual situation on site, and unable to meet the requirements of on-site construction. At the same time, under the background of infrastructure information construction management and intelligent operation and maintenance management, the BIM design results that truly reflect the actual situation on site can also provide information models for the construction and operation and maintenance stages. The earthwork project of the tunnel entrance includes two main parts: the side slope and the back slope. The cross-sectional forms of the two types of slopes are quite different, and the BIM design is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a three-dimensional design method for the back slope of the tunnel entrance based on BIM to promote the development of BIM technology in tunnel engineering. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is proposed to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a three-dimensional design method for the back slope of a tunnel portal based on BIM.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a three-dimensional design method of tunnel portal side slope based on BIM, comprising the following steps: A. Create a slope cross-section template database; B. Create tunnel side slope and back slope path baselines; C. Create cross sections of key points of side slopes and back slopes; D. Create the middle cross section of the side slope and the back slope, and create the spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope; E. Create the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface, and use the intersection line to cut the terrain surface.

[0006] Furthermore, step A creates a slope cross-section template database, and the specific process is as follows: First, create a set of two-dimensional points with a total number greater than 1 in the plane rectangular coordinate system; Then, the first point in the above two-dimensional point set is the origin, and each subsequent point is connected to the previous point in turn to form a set consisting of multiple two-dimensional space lines connected end to end; After that, the first n-1 lines are straight line segments formed by connecting the starting point and the end point, and the nth line is a ray starting from the starting point and with the end point as the direction, and n represents the number of two-dimensional points in each cross-section template minus 1; Finally, all commonly used tunnel portal edges and back slope cross-section templates are accumulated to form a slope cross-section template database.

[0007] Furthermore, step B creates the tunnel side slope and back slope path baselines. The specific process is as follows: First, create several key points at the corresponding positions at the bottom of the slope project beside the tunnel entrance; Then, the above key points are connected to form a U-shaped polyline consisting of multiple spatial straight lines connected end to end; Then, in the above U-shaped polyline, the two parts perpendicular to the tunnel centerline are the upslope reference lines; Then, in the above U-shaped polyline, the part parallel to the tunnel centerline is the slope reference line; Finally, two intersection points of the side slope and the back slope reference line are formed, which are located at the ends of the back slope reference line.

[0008] Furthermore, step B also includes extending the baseline, and the specific process is as follows: First, for the two side slope reference lines, starting from the intersection of the side slope and back slope reference lines, extend a distance toward the tunnel interior along the tangent of the side slope reference line; Then, starting from the two end points of the upslope baseline, extend a certain distance along the tangent of the upslope baseline in the direction away from the tunnel centerline.

[0009] Furthermore, step C creates cross sections of key points of side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, the tangent direction of the baseline is calculated at all the middle key points and end points of the extended side slope and back slope baselines; Then, a cross-section template is selected from the slope cross-section template database created in step A and is moved in space, so that the origin of the cross-section template is moved to the key point in the middle or the end point of the side slope baseline; Then, align the Y-axis direction of the cross-section template with the vertical direction of the three-dimensional space; Then, align the Z-axis direction of the cross-section template plane with the tangent direction of the reference line; Finally, the above-mentioned cross-section template selection and movement process is cyclically executed at all middle key points and end points to form a cross-section set of key points of the side slope and back slope.

[0010] Furthermore, step D creates the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, on each side slope or back slope reference line, between each two adjacent key point cross sections, create several intermediate cross sections with a short distance as the step length; Then, the origins of each intermediate cross section are evenly distributed along the baseline with the step length as the interval, and the length of each straight line segment in the intermediate cross section is calculated by linear interpolation according to the length of each straight line segment in the two adjacent key point cross sections and the distance between the origin of the intermediate cross section and the origins of the two adjacent key point cross sections.

[0011] Furthermore, step D creates a spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, for each side slope or back slope baseline, all key point cross sections created in step C and step D, as well as the intermediate cross sections, are sorted according to the spatial positions of the origins to form a cross section set; Then, the three-dimensional space polyline in each cross section under the above set is intersected with the three-dimensional terrain to calculate the intersection point; Then, the above intersection point is used to truncate the three-dimensional space polyline in the cross section, and only the part below the terrain surface is retained; After that, each truncated cross section is a new spatial polyline composed of a number of spatial three-dimensional straight line segments connected end to end; Finally, a spatial surface is created based on the spatial polyline.

[0012] Furthermore, in step D, two side slope body space surfaces and one back slope body space surface are created, and the back slope body space surface and one side slope body space surface are used to cut each other, and the back slope body space surface and another side slope body space surface are used to cut each other.

[0013] Furthermore, step E creates the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows: First, the intersection points calculated by the intersection of the key point cross section and the intermediate cross section with the three-dimensional terrain are formed into a point set; Then, the two endpoints of the U-shaped side slope baseline created in step B are added to the above set; Finally, all the points in the above set are connected end to end to form a set of three-dimensional straight line segments that are closed in space.

[0014] Furthermore, step E uses the intersection line to cut the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows: First, the created three-dimensional straight line segment set is stretched vertically upward and downward for a certain distance to form a three-dimensional surface; Then, the three-dimensional digital terrain is cut using the above-mentioned spatial three-dimensional surface.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention realizes the three-dimensional design of the tunnel portal side slope based on BIM. By constructing a slope cross-section template and a side slope path baseline, the slope cross-section is instantiated on the path baseline, and each cross-section is interactively calculated with the three-dimensional terrain to form a spatial broken line segment. A triangulated network is constructed between adjacent slope cross-section broken line segments to form a slope spatial surface. Finally, the side slope BIM design is completed through terrain cutting, which greatly improves the intelligent level of tunnel engineering design and has obvious promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the reference line of the U-shaped side slope and the upward slope path in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of extending the baseline of the side slope and back slope paths in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of creating a spatial triangulation network between two adjacent truncated cross sections in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope includes the following steps: A. Create a slope cross-section template database; B. Create tunnel side slope and back slope path baselines; C. Create cross sections of key points of side slopes and back slopes; D. Create the middle cross section of the side slope and the back slope, and create the spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope; E. Create the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface, and use the intersection line to cut the terrain surface.

[0018] Step A creates a slope cross-section template database. The specific process is as follows: First, create a set of two-dimensional points with a total number greater than 1 in the plane rectangular coordinate system; Then, the first point in the above two-dimensional point set is the origin, and each subsequent point is connected to the previous point in turn to form a set consisting of multiple two-dimensional space lines connected end to end; After that, the first n-1 lines are straight line segments formed by connecting the starting point and the end point, and the nth line is a ray starting from the starting point and with the end point as the direction, and n represents the number of two-dimensional points in each cross-section template minus 1; Finally, all commonly used tunnel portal edges and back slope cross-section templates are accumulated to form a slope cross-section template database.

[0019] Step B creates the tunnel side slope and back slope path baseline. The specific process is as follows: First, create several key points at the corresponding positions at the bottom of the slope project beside the tunnel entrance; Then, the above key points are connected to form a U-shaped polyline consisting of multiple spatial straight lines connected end to end; Then, in the above U-shaped polyline, the two parts perpendicular to the tunnel centerline are the upslope reference lines; Then, in the above U-shaped polyline, the part parallel to the tunnel centerline is the slope reference line; Finally, two intersection points of the side slope and the back slope reference line are formed, which are located at the ends of the back slope reference line.

[0020] Step B also includes extending the baseline, the specific process is as follows: First, for the two side slope reference lines, starting from the intersection of the side slope and back slope reference lines, extend a distance toward the tunnel interior along the tangent of the side slope reference line; Then, starting from the two end points of the upslope baseline, extend a certain distance along the tangent of the upslope baseline in the direction away from the tunnel centerline.

[0021] Step C creates cross sections of key points of side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, the tangent direction of the baseline is calculated at all the middle key points and end points of the extended side slope and back slope baselines; Then, a cross-section template is selected from the slope cross-section template database created in step A and is moved in space, so that the origin of the cross-section template is moved to the key point in the middle or the end point of the side slope baseline; Then, align the Y-axis direction of the cross-section template with the vertical direction of the three-dimensional space; Then, align the Z-axis direction of the cross-section template plane with the tangent direction of the reference line; Finally, the above-mentioned cross-section template selection and movement process is cyclically executed at all middle key points and end points to form a cross-section set of key points of the side slope and back slope.

[0022] Step D: Create the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, on each side slope or back slope reference line, between each two adjacent key point cross sections, create several intermediate cross sections with a short distance as the step length; Then, the origins of each intermediate cross section are evenly distributed along the baseline with the step length as the interval, and the length of each straight line segment in the intermediate cross section is calculated by linear interpolation according to the length of each straight line segment in the two adjacent key point cross sections and the distance between the origin of the intermediate cross section and the origins of the two adjacent key point cross sections.

[0023] Step D creates a spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, for each side slope or back slope baseline, all key point cross sections created in step C and step D, as well as the intermediate cross sections, are sorted according to the spatial positions of the origins to form a cross section set; Then, the three-dimensional space polyline in each cross section under the above set is intersected with the three-dimensional terrain to calculate the intersection point; Then, the above intersection point is used to truncate the three-dimensional space polyline in the cross section, and only the part below the terrain surface is retained; After that, each truncated cross section is a new spatial polyline composed of a number of spatial three-dimensional straight line segments connected end to end; Finally, a spatial surface is created based on the spatial polyline.

[0024] In step D, two side slope body space surfaces and one back slope body space surface are created, and the back slope body space surface and one side slope body space surface are used to cut each other, and the back slope body space surface and another side slope body space surface are used to cut each other.

[0025] Step E creates the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows: First, the intersection points calculated by the intersection of the key point cross section and the intermediate cross section with the three-dimensional terrain are formed into a point set; Then, the two endpoints of the U-shaped side slope baseline created in step B are added to the above set; Finally, all the points in the above set are connected end to end to form a set of three-dimensional straight line segments that are closed in space.

[0026] Step E uses the intersection line to cut the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows: First, the created three-dimensional straight line segment set is stretched vertically upward and downward for a certain distance to form a three-dimensional surface; Then, the three-dimensional digital terrain is cut using the above-mentioned spatial three-dimensional surface.

[0027] Specifically, in step D, a spatial surface is created based on a spatial polyline. The specific process is as follows: First, for two adjacent truncated cross sections, the number of three-dimensional space straight line segments in the first cross section is n1, and the number of three-dimensional space straight line segments in the second cross section is n2, assuming that n1>n2; Then, starting from the origin, extract n2 straight line segments of the first cross section in sequence, and starting from the origin, extract all straight line segments of the second cross section in sequence to form n2 straight line-straight line pairs. Each straight line-straight line pair consists of a straight line of the first cross section and a straight line of the second cross section. Create a spatial triangulated network surface with these two spatial straight lines as boundaries. Then, for the n1-n2 lines in the first cross section, each line forms a line-point pair with the end point of the last line segment in the second cross section, and a spatial triangulation network is created with this line and this point as the boundary; Finally, n1 spatial triangulated networks are spliced ​​into a spatial surface, and the spatial surfaces between all adjacent cross sections are spliced ​​to form a spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope.

[0028] Specifically, in step D, the spatial curved surface of the back slope and the spatial curved surface of the side slope are mutually cut, and the specific process is as follows: First, the slope space surface is cut into two parts using the back slope space surface as a cutting tool, and only the part closest to the endpoint of the U-shaped slope and the back slope path baseline is retained; Then, the slope spatial surface is used as a cutting tool to cut the upslope spatial surface into two parts, and only the part with the shortest distance to the tunnel centerline is retained.

[0029] The present invention realizes the three-dimensional design of the tunnel portal side slope based on BIM. By constructing a slope cross-section template and a side slope path baseline, the slope cross-section is instantiated on the path baseline, and each cross-section is interactively calculated with the three-dimensional terrain to form a spatial broken line segment. A triangulated network is constructed between adjacent slope cross-section broken line segments to form a slope spatial surface. Finally, the side slope BIM design is completed through terrain cutting, which greatly improves the intelligent level of tunnel engineering design and has obvious promotion and application value.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope based on BIM, characterized by: The following steps are involved: A. Create a slope cross-section template database; B. Create tunnel side slope and back slope path baselines; C. Create cross sections of key points of side slope and back slope; D. Create the middle cross section of the side slope and the back slope, and create the spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope; E. Create the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface, and use the intersection line to cut the terrain surface.

2. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step A creates a slope cross-section template database. The specific process is as follows: First, create a set of two-dimensional points with a total number greater than 1 in the plane rectangular coordinate system; Then, the first point in the above two-dimensional point set is the origin, and each subsequent point is connected to the previous point in turn to form a set consisting of multiple two-dimensional space lines connected end to end; After that, the first n-1 lines are straight line segments formed by connecting the starting point and the end point, and the nth line is a ray starting from the starting point and with the end point as the direction, and n represents the number of two-dimensional points in each cross-section template minus 1; Finally, all commonly used tunnel portal edges and back slope cross-section templates are accumulated to form a slope cross-section template database.

3. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step B creates the tunnel side slope and back slope path baseline. The specific process is as follows: First, create several key points at the corresponding positions at the bottom of the slope project beside the tunnel entrance; Then, the above key points are connected to form a U-shaped polyline consisting of multiple spatial straight lines connected end to end; Then, in the above U-shaped polyline, the two parts perpendicular to the tunnel centerline are the upslope reference lines; Then, in the above U-shaped polyline, the part parallel to the tunnel centerline is the slope reference line; Finally, two intersection points of the side slope and the back slope reference line are formed, which are located at the ends of the back slope reference line.

4. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step B also includes extending the baseline, the specific process is as follows: First, for the two side slope reference lines, starting from the intersection of the side slope and back slope reference lines, extend a distance toward the tunnel interior along the tangent of the side slope reference line; Then, starting from the two end points of the upslope baseline, extend a certain distance along the tangent of the upslope baseline in the direction away from the tunnel centerline.

5. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step C creates cross sections of key points of side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, the tangent direction of the baseline is calculated at all the middle key points and end points of the extended side slope and back slope baselines; Then, a cross-section template is selected from the slope cross-section template database created in step A and is moved in space, so that the origin of the cross-section template is moved to the key point in the middle or the end point of the side slope baseline; Then, align the Y-axis direction of the cross-section template with the vertical direction of the three-dimensional space; Then, align the Z-axis direction of the cross-section template plane with the tangent direction of the reference line; Finally, the above-mentioned cross-section template selection and movement process is cyclically executed at all middle key points and end points to form a cross-section set of key points of the side slope and back slope.

6. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step D: Create the middle cross section of the side slope and back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, on each side slope or back slope reference line, between each two adjacent key point cross sections, create several intermediate cross sections with a short distance as the step length; Then, the origins of each intermediate cross section are evenly distributed along the baseline with a step length as the interval. The length of each straight line segment in the intermediate cross section is calculated by linear interpolation according to the length of each straight line segment in the two adjacent key point cross sections and the distance between the origin of the intermediate cross section and the origins of the two adjacent key point cross sections.

7. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step D creates a spatial surface representing the side slope and the back slope. The specific process is as follows: First, for each side slope or back slope baseline, all key point cross sections created in step C and step D, as well as the intermediate cross sections, are sorted according to the spatial positions of the origins to form a cross section set; Then, the three-dimensional space polyline in each cross section under the above set is intersected with the three-dimensional terrain to calculate the intersection point; Then, the above intersection point is used to truncate the three-dimensional space polyline in the cross section, and only the part below the terrain surface is retained; After that, each truncated cross section is a new spatial polyline composed of a number of spatial three-dimensional straight line segments connected end to end; Finally, a spatial surface is created based on the spatial polyline.

8. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step D, two side slope body space surfaces and one back slope body space surface are created, and the back slope body space surface and one side slope body space surface are used to cut each other, and the back slope body space surface and another side slope body space surface are used to cut each other.

9. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step E creates the intersection line between the slope space surface and the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows: First, the intersection points calculated by the intersection of the key point cross section and the intermediate cross section with the three-dimensional terrain are formed into a point set; Then, the two endpoints of the U-shaped side slope baseline created in step B are added to the above set; Finally, all the points in the above set are connected end to end to form a set of three-dimensional straight line segments that are closed in space.

10. The BIM-based three-dimensional design method for tunnel portal slope according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step E uses the intersection line to cut the terrain surface. The specific process is as follows: First, the created three-dimensional straight line segment set is stretched vertically upward and downward for a certain distance to form a three-dimensional surface; Then, the three-dimensional digital terrain is cut using the above-mentioned spatial three-dimensional surface.

Images