A method and system for accounting for carbon emissions of a highway service area

Abstract

The application provides a highway service area carbon emission accounting method and system, including: defining the service area carbon emission accounting boundary; obtaining the data of various energy consumption, traffic volume, vehicle type, solid waste treatment volume and sewage treatment volume; selecting carbon emission factors; respectively accounting the carbon emission of the three categories of service area construction activities, traffic activities and waste treatment, wherein the traffic activity emission includes the carbon emission generated by non-owned vehicles and owned vehicles; accurately accounting the traffic activity carbon emission by considering the queuing, acceleration, deceleration and idling process of the vehicles in the service area; and accounting the total carbon emission of the service area. The application proposes a more accurate highway service area carbon emission accounting method based on the data of service area traffic volume, vehicle type, fuel consumption and the like, can realize fine monitoring and accounting of the highway service area carbon emission, and promotes the development of the transportation industry in the direction of low carbon and environmental protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of traffic carbon emission accounting, and particularly relates to a highway service area carbon emission accounting method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern society, with the rapid development of transportation, vehicle exhaust emissions have a serious impact on the environment, including the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. As concerns about environmental impact continue to grow, carbon emission accounting and management in the transportation sector have become increasingly important.

[0003] Traditional carbon emission accounting methods are mostly based on the average values of overall road traffic flow and vehicle types, lacking fine monitoring and accounting for specific regions and time periods. Existing monitoring methods are difficult to provide detailed data on carbon emissions within highway service areas, and cannot be combined with the actual operation and management of service areas, limiting accurate monitoring and management of carbon emissions. At the same time, existing carbon emission monitoring systems are mostly limited to data collection and analysis, lacking methods to combine monitoring data with actual operation of highway service areas, making it difficult for monitoring results to provide direct decision support for carbon emission management of highway service areas. In terms of environmental protection regulations and standards, monitoring and control requirements for carbon emissions are gradually becoming more stringent, and higher requirements are placed on carbon emission accounting and management of highway service areas.

[0004] Therefore, a more accurate and real-time highway service area carbon emission accounting method is needed, which can combine actual traffic flow, vehicle type, fuel consumption, and other data to achieve fine monitoring of highway service area carbon emissions and provide intuitive data analysis and management decision support to meet environmental protection regulations, reduce adverse environmental impacts, and promote the transportation industry towards low-carbon and environmentally friendly development. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a highway service area carbon emission accounting method and system to address the lack of accuracy in existing technology for highway service area carbon emission accounting, achieving accurate accounting of highway service area carbon emissions.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a highway service area carbon emission accounting method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Define the boundary of the service area carbon emission accounting;

[0009] Step 2: Collect raw data related to carbon emissions within the boundary;

[0010] Step 3: Selecting carbon emission factors of different types of emissions;

[0011] Step 4: Calculating carbon emissions of different types of emission sources in the service area according to the collected raw data and selected carbon emission factors;

[0012] Step 5: Calculating the total carbon emissions of the service area according to the carbon emissions of different types of emission sources in the service area.

[0013] Optionally, in step 1, the service area carbon emission accounting boundary includes the following 3 ranges:

[0014] Range 1 emissions: Carbon emissions generated by the combustion of fossil fuels directly controlled and owned by the service area during the operation stage;

[0015] Range 2 emissions: Indirect carbon emissions generated by purchased electricity used by the service area during the operation stage;

[0016] Range 3 emissions: Related indirect emissions other than Range 2, including carbon emissions caused by waste disposal, excluding carbon emissions caused by emission sources outside the service area space range.

[0017] Optionally, in step 2, the collected raw data related to carbon emissions includes:

[0018] Collecting the consumption of gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, and electricity in the service area;

[0019] Collecting the types and quantities of vehicles, the effective mass of different types of vehicles, the idle unit fuel consumption, the maximum speed limit of the service area, the fuel combustion efficiency, the fuel density, the fuel heat value, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of different types of vehicles;

[0020] Collecting the amount of solid waste disposal and sewage treatment in the service area.

[0021] Optionally, in step 3, the selection of carbon emission factors of different types of emissions includes:

[0022] Selecting carbon emission factors for gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity, solid waste disposal, and sewage treatment.

[0023] Optionally, in step 4, the calculation of carbon emissions includes calculating the carbon emissions of building activities E1, calculating the carbon emissions of transportation activities E2, and calculating the carbon emissions of waste disposal E3.

[0024] Optionally, the process of calculating the carbon emissions of building activities E1 is as follows:

[0025] Calculating the carbon emissions E of the service area due to the consumption of electricity, the calculation formula is as follows: 电力

[0026] ​

[0027] wherein D i represents the amount of electricity used by the i-th emission source in the construction activity emissions of the service area, i = 1, 2, 3, … n, respectively representing n different emission sources, and d represents the carbon emission factor of electricity;

[0028] The carbon emissions E 汽油 of the service area due to the consumption of gasoline are calculated as follows:

[0029]

[0030] wherein B i represents the amount of gasoline used by the i-th emission source in the construction activity emissions of the service area, and b represents the carbon emission factor of gasoline;

[0031] The carbon emissions E 柴油 of the service area due to the consumption of diesel are calculated as follows:

[0032]

[0033] wherein X i represents the amount of diesel used by the i-th emission source in the construction activity emissions of the service area, and x represents the carbon emission factor of diesel;

[0034] The carbon emissions E 液化石油气 of the service area due to the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas are calculated as follows:

[0035]

[0036] wherein Y i represents the amount of liquefied petroleum gas used by the i-th emission source in the construction activity emissions of the service area, and y represents the carbon emission factor of liquefied petroleum gas;

[0037] In summary, the total carbon emissions E1 of each emission source in the construction activity of the service area are calculated as follows:

[0038] E1 = E 电力 + E 汽油 + E 柴油 + E 液化石油气 .

[0039] Alternatively, the calculation formula of the carbon emissions E2 of the traffic activity is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] wherein, represents the carbon emissions of the non-owned vehicles in the service area, represents the carbon emissions of the owned vehicles in the service area;

[0042] 1) the carbon emissions of the non-owned vehicles in the service area The calculation formula is as follows:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, E 经停 E represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at service areas. 经过 This indicates the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area.

[0045] ① The carbon emissions E of the non-owned vehicle stopover service area 经停 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, h ω The CO2 emission factors for different vehicle models are ω = 1, 2, 3, ... l, which represent the emission factors for each vehicle model. f1 represents the volume of non-owned vehicles of different models passing through the service area; f1 represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during their entry into the service area. cw Fuel consumption per unit of idle speed, t a f1 represents the deceleration time; f2 represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during their stop at the service area. The M / M / S / K model is used as the service area vehicle queuing model in the calculation. l2, u2, and g2 represent the fuel consumption of vehicles only stopping, vehicles only refueling, and vehicles stopping first and then refueling, respectively. These represent the vehicle percentages corresponding to l2, u2, and g2, respectively. f3 represents the fuel consumption of a non-owned vehicle when it leaves the service area, W is the energy required for the vehicle to accelerate, η is the fuel combustion efficiency, θ is the fuel density, and q is the calorific value.

[0048] The formulas for calculating l2, u2, and g2 are as follows:

[0049]

[0050] g2 = l2 + u2;

[0051] In the formula, w1 represents the energy required for vehicles to slow down and queue when only parking is involved, and W... q1 L represents the average waiting time when only parking activities are being conducted. q1 Let m be the average queue length when only parking is involved, m be the effective mass of the vehicle, v be the maximum slow speed of vehicles in the service area, and F be the average queue length when only parking is involved. r For rolling resistance, L b1 W represents the headway of vehicles queuing during parking activities only; w2 represents the energy required for vehicles to slow down while queuing during refueling activities only. q2 L represents the average waiting time during refueling activities only. q2L is the average queue length when only refueling activities are performed b2 L is the queue head spacing when only refueling activities are performed

[0052] The calculation formula of W is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] F r = f0mg

[0055] In the formula, V is the highest speed limit of the service area, F f is the air resistance in the acceleration stage, F i is the inertial resistance, L a is the length of the acceleration stage, Q f is the heat generated by the friction of the vehicle internal components, f0 is the rolling friction coefficient, and g is the acceleration of gravity.

[0056] ② The carbon emission E of the non-owned vehicle passing through the service area 经过 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, L d represents the distance of the non-owned vehicle passing through the service area, V ω represents the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of different vehicle models of non-owned vehicles.

[0059] 2) The calculation formula of the carbon emission E of the service area owned vehicle is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, represents the number of different vehicle models of the service area owned vehicles, C ω represents the annual fuel consumption of different vehicle models.

[0062] Optionally, the calculation formula of the carbon emission E3 of waste disposal is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, Z σ represents the disposal amount of the service area type σ waste, σ = 1, 2, 3, … u respectively represent u types of waste, y σ represents the carbon emission factor of different types of waste.

[0065] Optionally, in step 5, the calculation formula of the total carbon emission of the service area is as follows:

[0066] E 服务区= E1 + E2 + E3;

[0067] In the formula, E 服务区 represents the total carbon emissions of the service area.

[0068] In a second aspect, the present application provides a highway service area carbon emission accounting system, comprising:

[0069] A boundary module is configured to define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area.

[0070] A collection module is configured to collect raw data related to carbon emissions within the boundary.

[0071] A selection module is configured to select carbon emission factors for various emission sources in the service area.

[0072] An accounting module is configured to calculate the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area based on the collected raw data and selected carbon emission factors, and to calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area based on the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area.

[0073] The present application has the following advantages: by defining the carbon emission accounting boundary, collecting raw data comprehensively, selecting suitable carbon emission factors, and refining the accounting of various emission sources such as construction activities, transportation activities, and waste disposal, the present application realizes accurate calculation of the carbon emissions of the highway service area. This method not only significantly improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the accounting, but also provides scientific data support for environmental management and policy making, which helps to develop more effective emission reduction strategies and promote green operation, thereby promoting environmental protection and sustainable development in the service area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0074] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a highway service area carbon emission accounting method and system of the present application.

[0075] Figure 2 is a diagram of the emission source categories for service area accounting of the present application.

[0076] Figure 3 is a carbon emission accounting framework diagram for various emission sources in the service area of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0078] In an embodiment, the present application proposes a highway service area carbon emission accounting method, as shown in Figure 1 which specifically includes the following steps.

[0079] Step 1: Define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area, i.e., define the target and scope of the accounting.

[0080] In this embodiment, the accounting boundary of carbon emissions of the service area is defined, mainly including time boundary, spatial range, accounting gas, etc. Time boundary: the accounting of carbon emissions of the service area is from a certain month to a certain month, calculated by month and year; spatial range: the area covered by the entire service area jurisdiction; accounting gas: carbon dioxide.

[0081] The accounting boundary of carbon emissions of the expressway service area includes three ranges, as follows:

[0082] Range 1 emission: carbon emissions generated by combustion of fossil fuels directly controlled or owned by the service area during the operation stage;

[0083] Range 2 emission: indirect carbon emissions generated by purchased electricity used by the service area during the operation stage;

[0084] Range 3 emission: related indirect emissions other than range 2, including carbon emissions caused by waste disposal, etc.; does not include carbon emissions caused by emission sources outside the spatial range of the service area.

[0085] According to the different emission sources, the accounting of carbon emissions of the expressway service area includes three categories of more than ten emission sources, such as building activities, traffic activities, waste disposal, etc., which can effectively realize the full coverage of the emission sources of the service area, as follows:

[0086] Building activity emission. Including CO2 directly emitted by fossil energy consumed by existing buildings and infrastructure, and CO2 indirectly emitted by consumption of electricity, etc.; the emission sources mainly include lighting systems, heating and air conditioning systems, domestic hot water systems, water pump systems, machine room systems, maintenance systems, canteens, gas stations, supermarkets.

[0087] Traffic activity emission. Including direct and indirect CO2 emissions caused by self-owned vehicles and non-self-owned vehicles (social vehicles) of the service area; the emission sources mainly include self-owned vehicles and non-self-owned vehicles.

[0088] Waste disposal. Including CO2 emissions generated by solid waste disposal and sewage treatment in the service area.

[0089] Step 2: Collect raw data, mainly including consumption of gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity in the service area, types and quantities of vehicles, solid waste disposal amount, sewage treatment amount, etc.

[0090] In this embodiment, the required data is collected, mainly including:

[0091] Collect the consumption of gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity in the service area;

[0092] Collect the vehicle type and quantity, the effective mass of different types of vehicles, the idle unit oil consumption, the maximum speed limit of the service area, the fuel combustion efficiency, the fuel density, the fuel heat value, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of different types of vehicles.

[0093] Collect the solid waste disposal amount and sewage treatment amount of the service area.

[0094] Step 3: Select carbon emission factors; according to the carbon emission accounting needs, select the carbon emission factors of gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, and electricity.

[0095] Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area.

[0096] In this embodiment, according to the carbon emission sources of the service area, the carbon emission accounting is carried out from three categories of building activities emission, traffic activities emission, and waste disposal, as shown in Figure 2 、 Figure 3 The specific accounting process is as follows:

[0097] Step 4.1: Calculate the carbon emissions of building activities. The carbon emissions of building activities include indirect carbon emissions of consuming electricity and direct carbon emissions of consuming fossil energy. The main emission sources include lighting systems, heating and air conditioning systems, hot water systems, water pump systems, machine room systems, maintenance systems, canteens, gas stations, supermarkets, etc. Four categories are calculated respectively, mainly including electricity, gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas. The specific calculation method is as follows:

[0098] Electricity. The calculation formula of carbon emissions of the service area due to consumption of electricity is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Where D i represents the use amount of electricity of the emission source (i=1, 2, 3, … n respectively representing different emission sources) in the building activity emission of the service area, and d represents the carbon emission factor of electricity.

[0101] Gasoline. The calculation formula of carbon emissions of the service area due to consumption of gasoline is as follows:

[0102]

[0103] Where B i represents the use amount of gasoline of the emission source (i=1, 2, 3, … n respectively representing different emission sources) in the building activity emission of the service area, and b represents the carbon emission factor of gasoline.

[0104] Diesel. The calculation formula of carbon emissions of the service area due to consumption of diesel is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] wherein X i represents the amount of diesel used by i emission source (i = 1, 2, 3, … n respectively represents different emission sources) in the service area construction activity emissions, x represents the carbon emission factor of diesel.

[0107] Liquefied petroleum gas. The carbon emission calculation formula of the service area due to the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] wherein Y i represents the amount of liquefied petroleum gas used by i emission source (i = 1, 2, 3, … n respectively represents different emission sources) in the service area (toll station) construction activity emissions, y represents the carbon emission factor of liquefied petroleum gas.

[0110] In summary, the total carbon emission E1 of each emission source of the service area construction activity is calculated by the formula:

[0111] E1 = E 电力 + E 汽油 + E 柴油 + E 液化石油气 .

[0112] Step 4.2: Calculate the carbon emissions of transportation activities. The carbon emissions of transportation activities include the direct and indirect emissions of CO2 caused by self-owned vehicles and non-self-owned vehicles, and the main emission sources include self-owned vehicles and non-self-owned vehicles. The service area vehicle types are classified into two categories: passenger cars and trucks. The carbon emissions of service area vehicles are composed of the carbon emissions of non-self-owned vehicles and self-owned vehicles. The specific calculation process is analyzed from the aspects of non-self-owned vehicles and self-owned vehicles:

[0113] Calculation process of carbon emissions of non-self-owned vehicles. The carbon emissions of non-self-owned vehicles in the service area refer to the additional carbon emissions caused by the vehicles stopping in the service area for refueling, resting, etc. compared with passing through the service area. Therefore, the calculation formula is:

[0114] Carbon emissions of non-self-owned vehicles

[0115] The activity process of non-self-owned vehicles stopping in the service area is divided into three parts: entering the service area stage, staying stage and leaving the service area stage.

[0116] First stage: non-self-owned vehicles entering the service area stage. At this time, the vehicle is in the deceleration stage. According to the actual driving situation, it is assumed that the vehicle is in the neutral sliding stage in the deceleration state, then the deceleration fuel consumption is the same as the idling fuel consumption, and the calculation formula is:

[0117]

[0118] wherein fcw is the idle specific fuel consumption (mL / s); t a is the deceleration time (s).

[0119] Second stage: Non-owned vehicle staying stage. Considering the service area vehicle queuing situation, the carbon emission accounting method is analyzed. Non-owned vehicles stay in the service area for activities, which are divided into three categories for carbon emission accounting, including parking, refueling, and parking first and then refueling. Whether it is parking or refueling, the service area vehicle queuing model is suitable to choose M / M / S / K model for description.

[0120] Service area vehicle queuing model selection: M / M / S / K model is selected as the service area vehicle queuing model, which is suitable for describing the queuing system with Poisson distribution (parameter is arrival rate λ) of vehicle arrival interval, negative exponential distribution (parameter is service rate μ) of single service time, service station number s, system capacity K, infinite queuing length (customer source), and FCFS (first come first service) service rule. The main parameter calculation method of the model is as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Among them, p j is the probability of the system having j customers in the steady state, in which ρ is the service intensity.

[0123] Average queuing length, i.e. the queuing length in front of the current vehicle (vehicles), formula as follows:

[0124]

[0125] Average queue length, i.e. the average number of vehicles waiting for service in the current service area (vehicles), formula as follows:

[0126]

[0127] Due to the finiteness of the system space, the effective arrival rate λ e of the customer needs to be considered. For a multi-server system, λ e = λ(1-p K ), where p K is the customer loss rate, which represents the proportion of customers who cannot enter the system among all customers who come to the system. According to the Little formula, we can get:

[0128] Average residence time, i.e. the total time of vehicle entering the service area queue to exit (s), formula as follows:

[0129]

[0130] Average waiting time, i.e. the queuing waiting time of the current vehicle (s), which does not include service time, formula as follows:

[0131]

[0132] The formula of the stage fuel consumption of the vehicle queuing waiting stage is as follows:

[0133]

[0134] F r = f0mg;

[0135] Wherein, f cw is the idle unit fuel consumption (mL / s), w is the energy required for the vehicle queuing and slowing down (J); η is the fuel combustion efficiency; θ is the fuel density (kg / L), q is the heat value (J / kg); m is the effective mass of the vehicle (kg); v is the maximum speed of the vehicle slowing down in the service area (m / s), L b is the queuing headway (m), F r is the rolling resistance (N), f0 is the rolling friction coefficient, and g is the gravity acceleration (m / s 2 ).

[0136] The fuel consumption of the vehicle queuing waiting stage is calculated according to the above formula, and the following three cases are divided:

[0137] ① The vehicle only carries out parking activities, and the formula of the stage fuel consumption is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Wherein, w1 is the energy required for the vehicle queuing and slowing down when only carrying out parking activities (J); W q1 is the average waiting time when only carrying out parking activities (s); L q1 is the average queuing length (vehicles) when only carrying out parking activities; and L b1 is the queuing headway (m) when only carrying out parking activities.

[0140] ② The vehicle only carries out refueling activities, and the formula of the stage fuel consumption is as follows:

[0141]

[0142] Wherein, w2 is the energy required for the vehicle queuing and slowing down when only carrying out refueling activities (J); W q2 is the average waiting time when only carrying out refueling activities (s); L q2 is the average queuing length (vehicles) when only carrying out refueling activities; and L b2 is the queuing headway (m) when only carrying out refueling activities.

[0143] ③ The vehicle carries out parking and then refueling activities, and the formula of the stage fuel consumption is as follows:

[0144] g2 = l2 + u2;

[0145] Assuming that the proportion of vehicles engaged in the above three activities is and The average fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the service area stay stage is calculated as follows:

[0146]

[0147] The third stage: non-owned vehicles leaving the service area stage. At this time, the vehicle is in the acceleration stage, and the fuel consumption in the acceleration stage is determined according to the law of conservation of energy. The energy required for vehicle acceleration stage is:

[0148]

[0149] F r = f0mg;

[0150] Where W is the energy required for vehicle acceleration stage (J); V is the maximum speed limit of the service area (m / s); F f is the air resistance in the acceleration stage (N); F i is the inertial resistance (N); L a is the length of the acceleration stage (m); Q f is the heat generated by the friction of the vehicle's internal components (J).

[0151] Because the maximum speed limit of the service area is very low, in order to facilitate the calculation of F f , F i , Q f can be ignored, and the required energy is entirely generated by fuel combustion, so the acceleration fuel consumption is:

[0152]

[0153] Where f3 is the fuel consumption of the vehicle in the acceleration stage (L).

[0154] The carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area are calculated by multiplying the fuel consumption by the CO2 emission factor, and the formula is as follows:

[0155]

[0156] Where E 经停 represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area (kg); h ω is the CO2 emission factor of different vehicle types (ω = 1, 2, 3, … l represents different vehicle types); represents the traffic volume of non-owned vehicles of different vehicle types in the service area (ω = 1, 2, 3, … l represents different vehicle types).

[0157] The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area is:

[0158]

[0159] where E 经过 represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area (kg); L d represents the distance traveled by non-owned vehicles passing through the service area (m); V ω represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles of different models per 100 km (L / 100 km).

[0160] Based on the above analysis, the formula for calculating the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in the service area is:

[0161]

[0162] where E represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in the service area (kg).

[0163] The process of calculating the carbon emissions of owned vehicles. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of owned vehicles in the service area is:

[0164]

[0165] where E represents the carbon emissions of owned vehicles in the service area (kg); N represents the number of owned vehicles of different models in the service area; C ω represents the annual fuel consumption of owned vehicles of different models (L).

[0166] Based on the above analysis, the total carbon emissions of vehicles in the service area, including non-owned vehicles and owned vehicles, can be calculated using the following formula:

[0167]

[0168] Step 4.3: Calculate the carbon emissions of waste disposal. The carbon emissions of waste disposal include the disposal of solid waste generated in the service area and the CO2 emissions generated by sewage treatment. The total carbon emissions of waste disposal can be calculated as follows:

[0169]

[0170] where Z σ represents the amount of waste of different types (σ = 1, 2, 3, … u represents different types of waste) in the service area, y σ represents the carbon emission factor of different types of waste.

[0171] Step 5, calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area.

[0172] In this embodiment, the total carbon emissions of the service area are calculated according to the following formula:

[0173] E 服务区 = E1 + E2 + E3;

[0174] Where E1 is the total carbon emissions of each emission source in the service area's building activities; E2 is the total carbon emissions of the service area's transportation activities; and E3 is the total carbon emissions of waste disposal.

[0175] Next, a certain service area is selected as an example to describe the specific implementation process of the carbon emission accounting method for highway service areas in this embodiment.

[0176] Step 1: Define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area.

[0177] Before starting the accounting, the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area is defined. This includes all major emission sources within the service area, such as buildings (including office areas, dining areas, shops, etc.), parking areas, gas stations, and auxiliary facilities. The definition of the accounting boundary needs to consider the overall layout and operation activities of the service area to ensure that all possible carbon emission sources are fully covered.

[0178] Step 2: Collect raw data.

[0179] Energy consumption data: Record the consumption of gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, and electricity within the service area. Data can be obtained through bills provided by energy suppliers or directly measured through metering instruments.

[0180] Vehicle data: Count the types and quantities of vehicles within the service area. Relevant data can be obtained using parking lot management systems or traffic flow monitoring equipment.

[0181] Waste disposal data: Record the amount of solid waste and sewage treatment. These data can be obtained from waste management companies or sewage treatment facilities.

[0182] Through investigation of the service area, specific raw data of various types are obtained, as shown in Table 1.

[0183] Table 1 Various types of raw data

[0184]

[0185] Step 3: Select carbon emission factors.

[0186] According to regional, national or international standards, select carbon emission factors applicable to gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity. Carbon emission factors should be obtained from authoritative databases, such as the "2006 IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines", to ensure the latest and accuracy of the factors. Carbon emission factors for various types of energy are shown in Table 2.

[0187] Table 2 Carbon emission factors of various energy sources

[0188]

[0189]

[0190] Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area. According to the carbon emission sources of the service area, the carbon emissions of building activities, transportation activities, and waste disposal are mainly calculated.

[0191] Step 4.1: Calculate the carbon emissions of building activities. Calculate from four categories: carbon emissions from electricity consumption, carbon emissions from gasoline consumption, carbon emissions from diesel consumption, and carbon emissions from liquefied petroleum gas consumption.

[0192] Carbon emissions from electricity consumption E 电力 The calculation formula is The service area consumed 691800 kWh of electricity from January to December 2022, and the carbon emission factor of electricity is 0.695 kgCO2 / kWh, so the carbon emissions from electricity consumption are: 691800 kWh x 0.695 kgCO2 / kWh = 480.801 t.

[0193] Carbon emissions from gasoline consumption E 汽油 The calculation formula is The service area consumed 1000 L of gasoline from January to December 2022, and the carbon emission factor of gasoline is 2.9 kg / L, so the carbon emissions from gasoline consumption are: 1000 L x 2.9 kg / L = 2.9 t.

[0194] Carbon emissions from diesel consumption E 柴油 The calculation formula is The service area consumed 800 L of diesel from January to December 2022, and the carbon emission factor of diesel is 3.0 kg / L, so the carbon emissions from diesel consumption are: 800 L x 3.0 kg / L = 2.4 t.

[0195] Carbon emissions from liquefied petroleum gas consumption E 液化石油气 The calculation formula is The service area consumed 5000 L of liquefied petroleum gas from January to December 2022, and the carbon emission factor of liquefied petroleum gas is 1.75 kg / L, so the carbon emissions from liquefied petroleum gas consumption are: 5000 L x 1.75 kg / L = 8.75 t.

[0196] In summary, the total carbon emissions E1 of each emission source in the service area building activities are calculated by the formula E1 = E 电力 + E 汽油 + E 柴油 + E 液化石油气Thus, E1 = 480.801t + 2.9t + 2.4t + 8.75t = 494.851t.

[0197] Step 4.2: Calculate the emissions of traffic activities. The carbon emissions of traffic activities include the direct and indirect emissions of CO2 caused by self-owned vehicles and non-self-owned vehicles. The main emission sources include self-owned vehicles and non-self-owned vehicles. The vehicle types in the service area are divided into two categories: passenger cars and trucks.

[0198] Calculation process of carbon emissions of non-self-owned vehicles. According to the data research, the annual traffic volume of the service area in 2022 is 1146724 vehicles. The proportion of passenger cars and trucks is 70% and 30% respectively, i.e. the annual traffic volume of passenger cars is 802707 vehicles and the annual traffic volume of trucks is 344017 vehicles.

[0199] The calculation formula of carbon emissions of non-self-owned vehicles is:

[0200] Carbon emissions of non-self-owned vehicles

[0201] The carbon emissions of non-self-owned vehicles stopping at the service area are mainly calculated in three stages. The first stage: non-self-owned vehicles entering the service area stage; the second stage: non-self-owned vehicles staying stage; the third stage: non-self-owned vehicles leaving the service area stage.

[0202] (1) The first stage: non-self-owned vehicles entering the service area stage. In this stage, the vehicle is in the deceleration stage. Assuming that the vehicle is in the idle state, the deceleration fuel consumption is the same as the idling fuel consumption, and the calculation formula is According to the calculation formula, the fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) in the deceleration stage is calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 3.

[0203] Table 3 Fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) in the deceleration stage

[0204]

[0205] (2) The second stage: non-self-owned vehicles staying stage. Considering the queuing situation of vehicles in the service area, the carbon emissions of vehicles are calculated. Non-self-owned vehicles in the service area staying stage, whether it is parking or refueling, selects M / M / S / K model as the queuing model of vehicles in the service area.

[0206] Assuming that the queuing model of vehicles in the service area is a queuing system of M / M / 2 / 5, where λ = 2, μ = 0.5, S = 2, K = 5. According to the calculation formula, W q = 2.23 (minutes) = 133.8 (seconds), L q = 2.18 (vehicles).

[0207] The formula for calculating the fuel consumption of the vehicle in the queuing stage is as follows:

[0208]

[0209] F r = f0mg;

[0210] wherein w is the energy required for the vehicle to queue and slow down (J); η is the fuel combustion efficiency; θ is the fuel density (kg / L), q is the heat value (J / kg); m is the effective mass of the vehicle (kg); v is the maximum speed of the vehicle in the service area (m / s), L b is the headway of the vehicles in the queue (m), F r is the rolling resistance (N), f0is the rolling friction coefficient, and g is the acceleration due to gravity (m / s 2 ). The values of the parameters in the above formula are shown in Table 4.

[0211] Table 4 Values of the parameters for calculating the fuel consumption of the vehicle in the queuing stage

[0212]

[0213] The fuel consumption of the vehicle in the queuing stage is calculated according to the above formula, and there are three cases as follows:

[0214] ① The vehicle only performs parking activities, and the formula for calculating the fuel consumption of the vehicle in this stage is as follows:

[0215]

[0216] When the vehicle performs parking activities in the service area, it is assumed that the queuing model of the vehicle is an M / M / 2 / 5 queuing system, so that W q1 = W q = 133.8 (s), L q1 = L q = 2.18 (vehicles). According to the calculation formula and referring to the parameter values in Table 4, the fuel consumption of the vehicle only performing parking activities can be calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 5.

[0217] Table 5 Fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) only performing parking activities

[0218]

[0219] ② The vehicle only performs refueling activities, and the formula for calculating the fuel consumption of the vehicle in this stage is as follows:

[0220]

[0221] When the vehicle performs refueling activities in the service area, it is also assumed that the queuing model of the vehicle is an M / M / 2 / 5 queuing system, so that W q2 = W q= 133.8 (sec), L q2 = L q = 2.18 (vehicles). According to the calculation formula, and referring to the parameter values in Table 4, the fuel consumption of a vehicle only for refueling activities can be calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 6.

[0222] Table 6 Calculation of the fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) only for refueling activities

[0223]

[0224] ③ The vehicle performs the activities of stopping first and then refueling, and the stage fuel consumption formula is as follows:

[0225] g2 = l2 + u2;

[0226] According to the calculation formula, and referring to the value of l2 in Table 5 and the value of u2 in Table 6, the fuel consumption of a vehicle performing the activities of stopping first and then refueling can be calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 7.

[0227] Table 7 Calculation of the fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) performing the activities of stopping first and then refueling

[0228] Vehicle type [ g2 fuel consumption (L) ] Passenger car 0.082437496 Lorry 0.166499754

[0229] The vehicle proportion of the above three types of activities is respectively According to the calculation formula of the average fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the service area stay stage The average fuel consumption of a vehicle during the service area stay stage can be calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 8.

[0230] Table 8 Calculation of the average fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) during the service area stay stage

[0231] Vehicle type [ f2 fuel consumption (L) ] Passenger car 0.049462498 Lorry 0.099899853

[0232] (3) The third stage: the non-owned vehicle exits the service area stage. At this time, the vehicle is in the acceleration stage, and according to the law of conservation of energy, the energy required by the vehicle in the acceleration stage is calculated as follows:

[0233]

[0234] F r = f0mg;

[0235] Where, W is the energy required by the vehicle in the acceleration stage (J); V is the maximum speed limit of the service area (m / s); F f is the air resistance in the acceleration stage (N); F i is the inertial resistance (N); L a is the length of the acceleration stage (m); Q f is the heat generated by the friction of the vehicle internal components (J).

[0236] Since the maximum speed limit of the service area is low, for the convenience of calculation, F f , F i , Q f can be ignored, and the required energy is entirely generated by fuel combustion, then the calculation formula of fuel consumption during the acceleration stage of the vehicle is According to the calculation formula, the values of m, f0, η, θ, and q are referred to the values in Table 4, and the fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) during the acceleration stage is calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 9.

[0237] Table 9 Fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) during the acceleration stage

[0238] Vehicle type V (m / s) L a (m)]]> F r (N)]]> W (J) f3(L) Passenger car 33.33 400 441 1754533.35 0.07265148 Lorry 27.77 400 1470 4149864.5 0.14192423

[0239] The calculation formula of the carbon emission E 经停 of the non-owned vehicle stopping at the service area is wherein h ω represents the CO2 emission factor of different vehicle types (ω = 1, 2, 3, … l respectively represent different vehicle types); represents the traffic volume of different vehicle types (ω = 1, 2, 3, … l respectively represent different vehicle types) of the non-owned vehicle passing through the service area.

[0240] According to the calculation formula, the carbon emission E 经停 of the non-owned vehicle stopping at the service area is calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 10.

[0241] Table 10 Carbon emission of the non-owned vehicle stopping at the service area

[0242]

[0243]

[0244] The calculation formula of the carbon emission E 经过 of the non-owned vehicle passing through the service area is wherein E 经过 represents the carbon emission (kg) of the non-owned vehicle passing through the service area; L d represents the distance (m) of the non-owned vehicle passing through the service area; V ω represents the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers (L / 100 km) of different vehicle types of the non-owned vehicle.

[0245] According to the calculation formula, the carbon emission E 经过 of the non-owned vehicle passing through the service area is calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 11.

[0246] Table 11 Carbon emission of the non-owned vehicle passing through the service area

[0247]

[0248] Carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in service area The calculation formula is According to the calculation formula, the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in the service area are calculated Therefore

[0249] The carbon emissions generated by owned vehicles in the service area are calculated. The carbon emissions of owned vehicles in the service area The calculation formula is In the formula, represents the number of different types of owned vehicles in the service area; C ω represents the annual fuel consumption of different types of owned vehicles (L).

[0250] According to the calculation formula, the carbon emissions of owned vehicles in the service area are calculated The specific values are shown in Table 12.

[0251] Table 12 Carbon emissions of owned vehicles in the service area

[0252]

[0253]

[0254] Based on the above analysis, the total carbon emissions of vehicles in the service area include non-owned vehicles and owned vehicles, and the calculation formula of the total carbon emissions E2 of traffic activities in the service area is According to the calculation formula, the total carbon emissions E2 of traffic activities in the service area are calculated, therefore

[0255] Step 4.3: Calculate the carbon emissions of waste disposal. Calculate the carbon emissions of solid waste disposal and the carbon emissions of sewage disposal respectively. The calculation formula of the total carbon emissions E3 of waste disposal is

[0256] According to the calculation formula, the carbon emissions of waste disposal are calculated, and the specific values are shown in Table 13.

[0257] Table 13 Carbon emissions of waste disposal

[0258]

[0259] Step 5, calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area.

[0260] Calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area, and the calculation formula is E 服务区 = E1 + E2 + E3.

[0261] Based on the above example E 服务区= E1 + E2 + E3 = 494.851t + 320.1804401t + 180.39t = 995.4214401t

[0262] E1 is the total carbon emission of each emission source of the service area building activity; E2 is the total carbon emission of the service area traffic activity; and E3 is the total carbon emission of waste disposal.

[0263] In another embodiment, the present application provides a highway service area carbon emission accounting system, which corresponds to the highway service area carbon emission accounting method proposed in the foregoing embodiment, and comprises:

[0264] a delimiting module for delimiting the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area;

[0265] a collecting module for collecting original data related to carbon emission within the boundary;

[0266] a selecting module for selecting various carbon emission factors;

[0267] an accounting module for accounting the carbon emission of each emission source of the service area according to the collected original data and the selected carbon emission factors, and accounting the total carbon emission of the service area according to the carbon emission of each emission source of the service area.

[0268] In the present embodiment, the functions and principles of the modules of the system and the execution processes of the steps of the method are the same as those of the foregoing embodiment, and thus will not be described here.

[0269] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the foregoing embodiment. Any technical solution falling within the concept of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for ordinary technical personnel in the technical field, some improvements and refinements without departing from the principle of the present application shall be considered as falling within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for accounting carbon emissions of a highway service area, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: defining the service area carbon emission accounting boundary; Step 2: collecting original data related to carbon emissions within the boundary; Step 3: selecting various carbon emission factors; Step 4: calculating the carbon emission of each type of emission source in the service area according to the collected raw data and selected carbon emission factors; in Step 4, the calculation of the carbon emission includes calculating the carbon emission of building activities , calculating the carbon emission of transportation activities , and calculating the carbon emission of waste disposal ; the calculation formula of the carbon emission of the transportation activities is as follows: ； In the formula, represents the carbon emission amount of non-owned vehicles in the service area, represents the carbon emission amount of owned vehicles in the service area; 1) The non-own vehicle carbon emission amount of the service area The calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area, represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing by the service area; the carbon emissions of the non-own vehicle stopping at the service area The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； ； ； In the formula, CO2 emission factor of different vehicle models, respectively represent a vehicle model, represent the non-owned vehicle traffic volume of different vehicle models in the service area; represent the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stage of entering the service area, is the idle unit fuel consumption, is the deceleration time; represent the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stage of staying in the service area, and the M / M / S / K model is selected as the vehicle queuing model of the service area in the calculation process, , , represent the fuel consumption of vehicles only for parking activities, vehicles only for refueling activities, and vehicles for parking and refueling activities, , , respectively represent , , corresponding vehicle proportion, ; represent the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stage of leaving the service area, is the energy required for vehicle acceleration, is the fuel combustion efficiency, is the fuel density, is the heat value; , , The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； ； ； ； wherein Estop is the energy required for the vehicle to queue up while only performing the stop activity, Tstop is the average waiting time while only performing the stop activity, Lstop is the average queue length while only performing the stop activity, m is the effective mass of the vehicle, Vmax is the maximum vehicle queuing speed at the service area, Crr is the rolling resistance, Sstop is the inter-vehicle headway while only performing the stop activity; Estop is the energy required for the vehicle to queue up while only performing the stop activity, Tstop is the average waiting time while only performing the stop activity, Lstop is the average queue length while only performing the stop activity, Sstop is the inter-vehicle headway while only performing the stop activity; The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； wherein Vmax is the maximum speed limit for the service area, Cda is the air drag during acceleration, Ci is the inertial drag, La is the length of the acceleration phase, Q is the heat generated by the friction of the vehicle's internal components, μ is the rolling friction coefficient, g is the acceleration due to gravity; (ii) the carbon emissions of the non-own vehicle passing through the service area The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, denotes the distance driven by the non-owned vehicle through the service area, denotes the fuel consumption per 100 km of the non-owned vehicle of different vehicle types; 2) the carbon emissions of the vehicles in the service area The formula for calculating this is as follows: ； In the formula, represents the number of self-owned vehicles of different vehicle models in the service area, represents the annual oil consumption of self-owned vehicles of different vehicle models; Step 5: calculating the total carbon emissions of the service area according to the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area.

2. The method for accounting carbon emissions of a highway service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the service area carbon emission accounting boundary includes the following three ranges: Range 1 emission: carbon emissions generated by direct control and possession of fossil fuel combustion during the operation stage of the service area; Range 2 emission: indirect carbon emissions generated by purchased electricity used by the service area during the operation stage; Range 3 emission: related indirect emissions other than range 2, including carbon emissions caused by waste disposal, and excluding carbon emissions caused by emission sources outside the spatial range of the service area.

3. The method for accounting carbon emissions of a highway service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the original data related to carbon emissions are collected, including: Collecting the consumption of gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity in the service area; Collecting the type and number of vehicles, the effective mass of different types of vehicles, the idle unit fuel consumption, the maximum speed limit of the service area, the fuel combustion efficiency, the fuel density, the fuel heat value and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of different types of vehicles; Collecting the amount of solid waste disposal and sewage treatment in the service area.

4. The method for accounting carbon emissions of a highway service area according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, the carbon emission factors of various emission sources in the service area are selected, including: Selecting the carbon emission factors of gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity, solid waste disposal and sewage treatment.

5. The method for accounting carbon emissions of a highway service area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of accounting for carbon emissions of construction activities is as follows: Carbon emissions generated by a computing service area due to consumption of electricity The calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein represents the carbon emission factor for electricity; and the amount of electricity used by the emission source, respectively represent a different emission source, represents the carbon emission factor for electricity; and Carbon emissions from the service area due to the consumption of gasoline The calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein represents the carbon emission factor for gasoline; and the amount of gasoline used by the emission source, represents the carbon emission factor for gasoline; and Carbon emissions generated by the consumption of diesel fuel by the service area The formula is as follows: ； wherein represents the carbon emission factor for diesel fuel; and represents the amount of diesel fuel used by the emission source, represents the carbon emission factor for diesel fuel; and Carbon emissions from consuming liquefied petroleum gas by service area The calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein represents the carbon emission factor for liquefied petroleum gas; and represents the amount of liquefied petroleum gas used by the emission source, represents the carbon emission factor for liquefied petroleum gas; and Based on the above, the total carbon emissions of each emission source of the construction activities in the service area are calculated The calculation formula is: 。 6. The method for accounting carbon emissions of a highway service area according to claim 1, wherein: The accounting of carbon emissions of waste treatment The calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein denotes the service area type the amount of waste to be treated, denotes a type of waste, denotes the carbon emission factor for a different type of waste.

7. The method for accounting carbon emissions of a highway service area according to claim 1, wherein: In step 5, the calculation formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the service area is as follows: ； In the formula, represents the total amount of carbon emissions in the service area.

8. A highway service area carbon emission accounting system, characterized by, It comprises: A defining module for defining the service area carbon emission accounting boundary; A collecting module for collecting original data related to carbon emissions within the boundary; A selection module for selecting various carbon emission factors; An accounting module for calculating the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area according to the collected original data and selected carbon emission factors; An output module for outputting the total carbon emissions of the service area. and according to the carbon emission of each type of emission source in the service area, accounting for the total carbon emission of the service area; the accounting of the carbon emission includes accounting for the carbon emission of building activities , accounting for the carbon emission of transportation activities , and accounting for the carbon emission of waste disposal ; the calculation formula of the accounting for the carbon emission of transportation activities is as follows: ； In the formula, represents the carbon emission amount of non-owned vehicles in the service area, represents the carbon emission amount of owned vehicles in the service area; 1) The non-own vehicle carbon emission amount of the service area The calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area, represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing by the service area; the carbon emissions of the non-own vehicle stopping at the service area The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； ； ； In the formula, is the fuel CO2 emission factor of different vehicle models, respectively represent a vehicle model, represent the non-owned vehicle traffic volume of different vehicle models in the service area; represent the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stage of entering the service area, is the idling unit fuel consumption, is the deceleration time; represent the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stage of staying in the service area, and the M / M / S / K model is selected as the vehicle queuing model of the service area in the calculation process, , , respectively represent the fuel consumption of vehicles only for parking activities, vehicles only for refueling activities, and vehicles for parking and refueling activities, , , respectively represent , , corresponding vehicle proportion, ; represent the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stage of leaving the service area, is the energy required for vehicle acceleration, is the fuel combustion efficiency, is the fuel density, is the heat value; , , The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； ； ； ； wherein Estop is the energy required for the vehicle to queue while only stopping, Tstop is the average waiting time while only stopping, Lstop is the average queue length while only stopping, m is the effective mass of the vehicle, Vmax is the maximum speed of the vehicle while queuing at the service area, Crr is the rolling resistance, Sstop is the headway of the queue while only stopping; Estop is the energy required for the vehicle to queue while only stopping, Tstop is the average waiting time while only stopping, Lstop is the average queue length while only stopping, Sstop is the headway of the queue while only stopping; The calculation formula is as follows: ； ； wherein is the maximum speed limit for the service area, is the air resistance during acceleration, is the inertial resistance, is the length of the acceleration phase, is the heat generated by the friction of the vehicle's internal components, is the rolling friction coefficient, is the acceleration due to gravity; (ii) the carbon emissions of the non-own vehicle passing through the service area The calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein, represents the distance travelled by the non-owned vehicle through the service area, represents the fuel consumption per 100 km of the non-owned vehicle of different vehicle models; 2) the service area's own vehicle carbon emissions The calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, represents the number of self-owned vehicles of different vehicle models in the service area, represents the annual oil consumption of self-owned vehicles of different vehicle models.

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