Providing border gateway protocol deterministic path forwarding

Abstract

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to providing border gateway protocol deterministic path forwarding. A network device may initiate a route, and may specify the route as a first colored route having a first color. The network device may advertise the first colored route to the first intermediate network device to cause the first intermediate network device to propagate the first colored route to the ingress network device over the first colored border gateway protocol session. The network device may specify the route as a second colored route having a second color, and may advertise the second colored route to a second intermediate network device to cause the second intermediate network device to propagate the second colored route to the ingress network device over a second colored border gateway protocol session.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of computer networks, and more particularly to methods, devices, and media for providing border gateway protocol deterministic path forwarding. Background Art

[0002] Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized external network device protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems on the Internet. BGP is classified as a path vector routing protocol that makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies, rule sets, and / or the like. Summary of the invention

[0003] Some embodiments described herein are directed to a method. The method may include initiating a route, and designating the route as a first colored route having a first color. The method may include advertising the first colored route to a first intermediate network device, so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device via a first colored border gateway protocol session. The method may include designating the route as a second colored route having a second color, and advertising the second colored route to a second intermediate network device, so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device via a second colored border gateway protocol session.

[0004] Some embodiments described herein relate to a network device. The network device may include one or more memories and one or more processors. The one or more processors may be configured to initiate a route and designate the route as a first colored route having a first color and selected from a plurality of first colored routes. The one or more processors may be configured to notify the first colored route to a first intermediate network device so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session. The one or more processors may be configured to designate the route as a second colored route having a second color and selected from a plurality of second colored routes, and to notify the second colored route to a second intermediate network device so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second color border gateway protocol session.

[0005] Some embodiments described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions. When executed by one or more processors of a network device, the set of instructions may cause the network device to initiate a route and designate the route as a first colored route having a first color. When executed by one or more processors of the network device, the set of instructions may cause the network device to announce the first colored route to a first intermediate network device so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session. When executed by one or more processors of the network device, the set of instructions may cause the network device to designate the route as a second colored route having a second color and announce the second colored route to a second intermediate network device so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second colored border gateway protocol session. When executed by one or more processors of the network device, the set of instructions may cause the network device to designate the route as a multi-colored route having multiple colors and announce the multi-colored route to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device through the first colored border gateway protocol session or the second colored border gateway protocol session.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method, including: initiating a route by a network device; designating the route as a first colored route with a first color by the network device; announcing the first colored route by the network device to a first intermediate network device, so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session; designating the route as a second colored route with a second color by the network device; and announcing the second colored route to a second intermediate network device by the network device, so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second colored border gateway protocol session.

[0007] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further includes: designating the route as a multi-colored route having multiple colors; and notifying the multi-colored route to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device.

[0008] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, designating the route as the first colored route includes: selecting an optimal first colored route from a plurality of first colored routes as the first colored route.

[0009] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, designating the route as the second colored route includes: selecting an optimal second colored route from a plurality of second colored routes as the second colored route.

[0010] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, it also includes: selecting the best first colored route from multiple first colored routes; selecting the best second colored route from multiple second colored routes; and notifying the best first colored route and the best second colored route to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device.

[0011] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further includes: advertising and pruning one of the first colored route or the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

[0012] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the method further includes: advertising and pruning the first colored route and the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

[0013] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a network device, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, for: initiating a route; designating the route as a first colored route having a first color and selected from a plurality of first colored routes; announcing the first colored route to a first intermediate network device so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session; designating the route as a second colored route having a second color and selected from a plurality of second colored routes; and announcing the second colored route to a second intermediate network device so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second colored border gateway protocol session.

[0014] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more processors are further configured to: when the first colored route and the second colored route fail to include color overlap, prevent advertisement of the first colored route or the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session.

[0015] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more processors are further configured to: when the first colored route and the second colored route fail to include color overlap, block advertisement of the first colored route and the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session.

[0016] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the ingress network device includes a plurality of transmission category tables, and is configured to utilize the plurality of transmission category tables for mapping services.

[0017] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the ingress network device is configured to map the service to one of the first colored route or the second colored route.

[0018] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more processors for announcing the first colored route to the first intermediate network device are used to: announce the first colored route to the first intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

[0019] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more processors for announcing the second colored route to the second intermediate network device are used to: announce the second colored route to the second intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

[0020] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions including: one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network device, cause the network device to: initiate a route; designate the route as a first colored route having a first color; announce the first colored route to a first intermediate network device so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session; designate the route as a second colored route having a second color; announce the second colored route to a second intermediate network device so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second colored border gateway protocol session; designate the route as a multi-colored route having multiple colors; and announce the multi-colored route to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device through the first colored border gateway protocol session or the second colored border gateway protocol session.

[0021] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more instructions further cause the network device to: select an optimal first colored route from multiple first colored routes; select an optimal second colored route from multiple second colored routes; and notify one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device of the optimal first colored route and the optimal second colored route.

[0022] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more instructions further cause the network device to: advertise and prune one of the first colored route or the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

[0023] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more instructions further cause the network device to: advertise and prune the first colored route and the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

[0024] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more instructions that cause the network device to advertise the first colored route to the first intermediate network device cause the network device to: advertise the first colored route to the first intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

[0025] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the one or more instructions that cause the network device to announce the second colored route to the second intermediate network device cause the network device to: announce the second colored route to the second intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1A-1F A schematic diagram of an example associated with providing BGP deterministic path forwarding.

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an example environment in which the systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented.

[0028] Figure 3 and Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of example components of one or more devices.

[0029] Figure 5 is a flow chart of an example process for providing BGP deterministic path forwarding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following detailed description of example embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings.The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0031] Data center structures (e.g., provided by network devices) can use BGP for bottom layer routing and top layer signaling. Traditionally, best effort Internet Protocol (IP) routing is done in the bottom layer to carry upper layer services. As the types of data center services increase, it becomes increasingly important to map different types of services to different logical structures (e.g., for services with different service level agreements (SLAs)). Currently, BGP bottom layer routing follows BGP path selection rules that route services to destinations via the shortest path. BGP bottom layer routing fails to implement routing of different types of services through different subsets of links (e.g., different logical structures). Providing different SLAs for services (e.g., machine learning data, media broadcast data, and / or the like) in a data center is limited by traditional bottom layer BGP routing. Therefore, current technologies for routing services by data centers consume computing resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, communication resources, and / or the like), network resources, and / or the like, which is associated with failure to route different types of services through different routes based on service type, failure to provide different SLAs for services routed by data centers, providing poor user experience for services routed by data centers, and / or the like.

[0032] Some embodiments described herein relate to a network device that provides BGP deterministic path forwarding. For example, the network device may initiate a route, and may designate the route as a first colored route having a first color. The network device may advertise the first colored route to a first intermediate network device, so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session. The network device may designate the route as a second colored route having a second color, and may advertise the second colored route to a second intermediate network device, so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second colored border gateway protocol session.

[0033] In this way, the network device provides BGP deterministic path forwarding. For example, the network device may color (e.g., prioritize) each BGP session based on the color (e.g., priority) of the logical structure to which the BGP session belongs, and may color the transport tunnel endpoint routes using a color community. If the color of the route overlaps with the color of the BGP session, the network device may advertise the colored route by coloring the BGP session. When advertising through the BGP session, the color of the route that does not match any of the colors of the BGP session will be pruned. Tunnel endpoint routes propagated through multiple logical structures using this method may include multiple BGP routes (e.g., for the same prefix) at the tunnel entrance. The color (one or more) of each BGP route may represent the structure (one or more) that the tunnel will traverse. By mapping a service to a BGP tunnel route with a specific color, the network device can ensure that the service will flow through the logical structure with that color. As a result, the network device saves computing resources, network resources, and / or the like, which would otherwise be consumed due to the failure to route different types of services through different routes based on the type of service, the failure to provide different SLAs for services routed by the data center, the provision of a poor user experience for services routed by the data center, and / or the like.

[0034] In addition, the network device can color BGP sessions to enable colored transmission to be extended to hop-by-hop BGP routes. This prevents interior gateway protocol (IGP) colored transmission and reduces the number of protocols required for customers to manage Internet Protocol (IP) structures. The network device can implement automatic logical structure discovery via wildcard colors (or no colors) by explicitly configuring colors at the tunnel egress network device. When the wildcard color is propagated from the egress network device to the ingress network device, the tunnel ingress network device can automatically determine which logical structure to utilize as a route to reach the tunnel egress network device (e.g., this simplifies customer provisioning). The network device can provide pure IP and / or IPv6 prefixes for colored transmission, which simplifies structure management and is beneficial to customers who prefer pure IP and / or IPv6 prefixes.

[0035] Figure 1A-1F FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example 100 associated with providing BGP deterministic path forwarding. Figure 1A-1F As shown, example 100 includes a user device and a server device associated with a network of network devices. Additional details of the user device, server device, network, and network devices are provided elsewhere herein.

[0036] like Figure 1AAs shown, and by reference numeral 105, a network device may receive network traffic from a user device. For example, a user device and a server device may utilize a network of network devices to exchange network traffic (e.g., packets). In some embodiments, a user device may generate network traffic destined for a server device and may provide the network traffic to a network via the network device. A network device may receive network traffic and may forward the network traffic to a server device directly or via one or more other network devices.

[0037] like Figure 1B As shown, and by reference numeral 110, a network device may color a BGP session with a single color. For example, when an egress network device initiates an underlying BGP route, the egress network device may color the underlying BGP route with one or more colors associated with a color community. Color is a preference value for static routes, aggregate routes, generated routes, and / or the like. A primary route preference may be specified by including a first color statement in the configuration, and a secondary route preference may be specified by including a second color statement in the configuration. In some embodiments, if a route is not colored, the route may be applicable to all colors. The egress network device may color the underlying BGP session to represent the color of the underlying logical structure of the network device. In some embodiments, the egress network device may color the route with one or more colors. In such embodiments, the egress network device may only advertise routes with colors that match the BGP session, and additional colors may be pruned for these routes.

[0038] like Figure 1B As further shown, and by reference numeral 115, a network device may color a BGP session with a plurality of colors. For example, an egress network device may color routes with a plurality of colors, and may advertise only routes with at least one of the plurality of colors for a BGP session. The egress network device may prune additional colors for the routes (e.g., not include them in the plurality of colors).

[0039] like Figure 1B As further shown, and by reference numeral 120, a network device may exclude colors from a BGP session. For example, an egress network device may exclude one or more colors for routes of a BGP session, and may advertise only routes having colors other than the excluded one or more colors for the BGP session. The egress network device may prune the excluded one or more colors for routes.

[0040] like Figure 1BAdditionally shown, and by reference numeral 125, one or more network devices may prevent coloring of a BGP session. For example, an egress network device may prevent coloring of routes for a BGP session and may advertise all routes for the BGP session. The egress network device may not prune the color of routes for the BGP session.

[0041] like Figure 1C As shown, the first network device (e.g., network device 1) may be an ingress network device, the second network device (e.g., network device 2) and the third network device (e.g., network device 3) may be intermediate network devices, and the fourth network device (e.g., network device 4) may be an egress network device. Figure 1C Four network devices are depicted in the example network of FIG. In some implementations, the example network may include one or more additional ingress network devices, intermediate network devices, and / or egress network devices.

[0042] like Figure 1C As further shown, and by reference numeral 130, an egress network device (eg, network device 4) may originate a route (eg, 1.1.1.4 / 32). For example, when a route originates from an egress network device, the egress network device may not initially assign a color to the route.

[0043] like Figure 1C As further shown in FIG. 1 and by reference numeral 135, the egress network device may prune the route to a first colored (e.g., red) route, and may advertise the first colored route to a first network device (e.g., network device 2) via a first colored BGP session. For example, the egress network device may designate the route as a first colored route having a first color (e.g., a first preference value of the route, such as red). In some implementations, the egress network device may advertise the first colored route to one of the intermediate network devices, such as the first intermediate network device (e.g., network device 2).

[0044] like Figure 1C As further shown in FIG. 1 and by reference numeral 140, the egress network device may prune the route to a second colored (e.g., blue) route, and may advertise the second colored route to a second network device (e.g., network device 3) via a second colored BGP session. For example, the egress network device may designate the route as a second colored route having a second color (e.g., a second preference value for the route, such as blue) that is different from the first color. In some embodiments, the egress network device may advertise the second colored route to one of the intermediate network devices, such as a second intermediate network device (e.g., network device 3).

[0045] like Figure 1CAs further shown, and by reference numeral 145, the first network device (e.g., network device 2) may propagate the first colored route to the ingress network device. For example, when the first intermediate network device (e.g., network device 2) receives the first colored route from the egress network device, the first intermediate network device may announce the first colored route to the ingress network device (e.g., network device 1) through the first colored BGP session. Alternatively, if an additional intermediate network device (e.g., an intermediate network device of the first colored route) is provided before the ingress network device, the first intermediate network device may announce the first colored route to the next-hop intermediate network device if the BGP session is also colored with the first color. Each of the additional intermediate network devices may receive the first colored route, and may announce the first colored route to the next-hop intermediate network device through the first colored BGP session until the first colored route is announced to the ingress network device.

[0046] like Figure 1C As further shown in the figure, and by reference numeral 150, the second network device (e.g., network device 3) may propagate the second colored route to the ingress network device. For example, when the second intermediate network device (e.g., network device 3) receives the second colored route from the egress network device, the second intermediate network device may announce the second colored route to the ingress network device (e.g., network device 1) through the second colored BGP session. Alternatively, if an additional intermediate network device (e.g., the second colored route) is provided before the ingress network device, the second intermediate network device may announce the second colored route to the next-hop intermediate network device if the BGP session is also colored with the second color. Each of the additional intermediate network devices may receive the second colored route, and may announce the second colored route to the next-hop intermediate network device through the second colored BGP session until the second colored route is announced to the ingress network device.

[0047] like Figure 1C As further shown, and by reference numeral 155, the ingress network device may map network traffic to a first colored route and / or a second colored route. For example, after announcing the first colored route and the second colored route to the ingress network device, the ingress network device may include two routes for an initiated route (e.g., 1.1.1.4 / 32), the first colored route being colored with a first color and the second colored route being colored with a second color. The ingress network device may store the two routes in a data structure (e.g., a database, a table, a list, and / or the like) associated with the ingress network device. In some embodiments, the ingress network device may use the first colored route or the second colored route for ingress traffic (e.g., a service traffic) to be provisioned by the ingress network device. For example, the ingress network device may map the ingress traffic to a first colored tunnel (e.g., a first colored route) or a second colored tunnel (e.g., a second colored route) based on the provisioning.

[0048] In some embodiments, the ingress network device may map the ingress traffic using a BGP labeled unicast (LU) tunnel. The BGP-LU tunnel may be supported in the control plane and the data plane and may provide a light overhead tunnel. The BGP-LU tunnel may be used with IP version 4 (IPv4) and IP version 6 (IPv6) underlying routing. In some embodiments, the ingress network device may map the ingress traffic using a BGP segment routing version 6 (SRv6) tunnel. The BGPSRv6 tunnel may be supported in the data plane and may be supported in the control plane through modification. The BGPSRv6 tunnel may provide a heavier overhead tunnel and may be used with IPv6 underlying routing. In some embodiments, the ingress network device may map the ingress traffic using an IP-in-IP (IPIP) / Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel. The IPIP / GRE tunnel may be used with IPv4 and IPv6 underlying routing. The ingress network device can ensure that the ingress traffic is correctly mapped via the IPIP / GRE tunnel for the next-hop network device, and the intermediate network devices can utilize additional information (eg, Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) codes) to map the ingress traffic to the correct logical construct.

[0049] like Figure 1D As shown, the egress network device may designate a route (e.g., 1.1.1.4 / 32) as a first colored (red) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.6), a second colored (e.g., blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.10), a multi-colored (e.g., red and blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.14), and / or the like. For example, the egress network device may designate a route (e.g., 1.1.1.4 / 32) as a first colored route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.6) having a first color (e.g., a first preference value for the route, such as red). In some embodiments, when designating a route as a first colored route, the egress network device may select a best first colored route from the plurality of first colored routes as the first colored route.

[0050] Alternatively or additionally, the egress network device may designate the route (e.g., 1.1.1.4 / 32) as a second colored route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.10) having a second color (e.g., a second preference value for the route, such as blue) different from the first color. In some embodiments, when designating the route as the second colored route, the egress network device may select the best second colored route from the plurality of second colored routes as the second colored route.

[0051] Alternatively or additionally, the egress network device may designate a route (e.g., 1.1.1.4 / 32) as a multi-colored route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.14) having a first color and a second color. In some embodiments, when designating a route as a multi-colored route, the egress network device may select the best first colored route from a plurality of first colored routes as the multi-colored route having the first color, and may select the best second colored route from a plurality of second colored routes as the multi-colored route having the second color.

[0052] like Figure 1D As further shown, and by reference numeral 160, the egress network device may select the best first colored route, and may advertise the best first colored route to the first network device. For example, as described above, when designating a route as a first colored route, the egress network device may select the best first colored route from a plurality of first colored routes as the first colored route. In some embodiments, the egress network device may advertise the best first colored route to one of the intermediate network devices, such as the first intermediate network device (e.g., network device 2), via the first colored BGP session.

[0053] like Figure 1D Additionally shown, and by reference numeral 165, the egress network device may select the best second colored route, and may advertise the best second colored route to the second network device. For example, as described above, when designating a route as a second colored route, the egress network device may select the best second colored route from a plurality of second colored routes as the second colored route. In some embodiments, the egress network device may advertise the best second colored route to one of the intermediate network devices, such as the second intermediate network device (e.g., network device 3), via the second colored BGP session.

[0054] like Figure 1EAs shown, and by reference numeral 170, the egress network device may select the best first colored route and the best second colored route, and may advertise the best first colored route and the best second colored route to the first network device. For example, as described above, when the route is specified as a multi-colored route, the egress network device may select the best first colored route from the plurality of first colored routes as the multi-colored route with the first color, and may select the best second colored route from the plurality of second colored routes as the multi-colored route with the second color. In some embodiments, the egress network device may advertise the best first colored route and the best second colored route to one of the intermediate network devices, such as the first intermediate network device (e.g., network device 2), via an EBGP session colored with both the first color and the second color. In some embodiments, the egress network device may advertise the best first colored route and the best second colored route to one of the intermediate network devices using a first add-path identifier (e.g., for the best first colored route) and a second add-path identifier (e.g., for the best second colored route).

[0055] like Figure 1E As shown, and by reference numeral 175, the egress network device may select the best second colored route, and may advertise the best second colored route to the second network device. For example, as described above, when designating a route as a second colored route, the egress network device may select the best second colored route from a plurality of second colored routes as the second colored route. In some embodiments, the egress network device may advertise the best second colored route to one of the intermediate network devices, such as the second intermediate network device (e.g., network device 3), via the second colored BGP session.

[0056] like Figure 1FAs shown, the ingress network device may include multiple transmission category tables, and may use the multiple transmission category tables to map services. For example, the ingress network device may import and store routes with different colors into different multiple transmission category tables for service service mapping. In some embodiments, the ingress network device may include a first transmission category table (e.g., inet.3 table) that includes a route (e.g., 1.1.1.4 / 32) as a first colored (red) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.6), a second colored (e.g., blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.10), a multi-colored (e.g., red and blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.14), and / or the like. The ingress network device may include a second transport category table (e.g., red.inet.3 table) that includes a route (e.g., 1.1.1.4 / 32) as a first colored (red) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.6) and a multi-colored (e.g., red and blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.14). The ingress network device may include a third transport category table (e.g., blue.inet.3 table) that includes a route (e.g., 1.1.1.4 / 32) as a second colored (blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.10) and a multi-colored (e.g., red and blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.14). The ingress network device may include a service routing table (e.g., bgp.13vpn.0 table) that includes a route (e.g., 1:2:7.7.7 / 32 red destination) associated with a first colored (red) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.6) and / or a multi-colored (e.g., red and blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.14) of a second transport category table. The service routing table may include another route (e.g., 1:3:8.8.8 / 32 blue destination) associated with a second colored (blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.10) and / or a multi-colored (e.g., red and blue) route (e.g., next hop 10.1.1.14) of a third transport category table.

[0057] In some embodiments, the egress network device may advertise the colored routes described herein via IPv4 and / or IPv6 prefixes commonly used by data centers. Alternatively or additionally, the egress network device may advertise the colored routes described herein via BGP-Classful Transport (CT) / BGP-Color Aware Routing (CAR) prefixes. The egress network device may utilize colored BGP sessions to implement end-to-end color transport, and may utilize wildcard colors to implement automatic logical construct discovery.

[0058] In this way, the network device provides BGP deterministic path forwarding. For example, the network device may color each BGP session based on the color of the logical structure to which the BGP session belongs, and the transport tunnel endpoint route may be colored by the color community. If the color of the route overlaps with the color of the BGP session, the network device may color the route by coloring the BGP session announcement. Tunnel endpoint routes propagated through multiple logical structures using this method may include multiple BGP routes (e.g., for the same prefix) at the tunnel entrance. The color (one or more) of each BGP route may represent the structure (one or more) that the tunnel will traverse. By mapping a service to a BGP tunnel route with a specific color, the network device can ensure that the service will flow through the logical structure with that color. Therefore, the network device saves computing resources, network resources, and / or the like, which would otherwise be consumed due to failure to route different types of services through different routes based on service type, failure to provide different SLAs for services routed by a data center, providing a poor user experience for services routed by a data center, and / or the like.

[0059] As mentioned above, Figure 1A-1F Provided as an example. Other examples may vary from Figure 1A-1F as described. Figure 1A-1F The number and arrangement of devices shown are provided as examples. Figure 1A-1F There may be additional devices, fewer devices, different devices, or differently arranged devices than those shown. Figure 1A-1F Two or more of the devices shown may be implemented in a single device, or Figure 1A-1F The single device shown may be implemented as multiple distributed devices. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 1A-1F The illustrated set of devices (e.g., one or more devices) may perform the operations described as being performed by Figure 1A-1F Another group of devices is shown performing one or more functions.

[0060] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example environment 200 in which the systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented. Figure 2 As shown, environment 200 may include user device 210, a set of network devices 220 (shown as network device 220-1 through network device 220-N), server device 230, and network 240. The devices of environment 200 may be interconnected via wired connections, wireless connections, or a combination of wired and wireless connections.

[0061] User device 210 may include one or more devices capable of receiving, generating, storing, processing, and / or providing information, as described elsewhere herein. User device 210 may include a communication device and / or a computing device. For example, user device 210 may include a wireless communication device, a mobile phone, a user device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a game console, a set-top box, a wearable communication device (e.g., a smart watch, a pair of smart glasses, a head-mounted display, or a virtual reality headset), or a similar type of device.

[0062] The network device 220 includes one or more devices capable of receiving, processing, storing, routing and / or providing services (e.g., packets or other information or metadata) in the manner described herein. For example, the network device 220 may include a router, such as a label switching router (LSR), a label edge router (LER), an ingress router, an egress router, a provider router (e.g., a provider edge router or a provider core router), a virtual router, a route reflector, a regional border router, or other types of routers. Additionally or alternatively, the network device 220 may include a gateway, a switch, a firewall, a hub, a bridge, a reverse proxy, a server (e.g., a proxy server, a cloud server, or a data center server), a load balancer, and / or similar devices. In some embodiments, the network device 220 may be a physical device implemented in a housing, such as a chassis. In some embodiments, the network device 220 may be a virtual device implemented by one or more computer devices in a cloud computing environment or a data center. In some embodiments, a group of network devices 220 may be a group of data center nodes for routing traffic flows through the network 240.

[0063] Server device 230 may include one or more devices capable of receiving, generating, storing, processing, providing and / or routing information, as described elsewhere herein. Server device 230 may include a communication device and / or a computing device. For example, server device 230 may include a server, such as an application server, a client server, a web server, a database server, a host server, a proxy server, a virtual server (e.g., implemented on computing hardware) or a server in a cloud computing system. In some embodiments, server device 230 may include computing hardware used in a cloud computing environment.

[0064] The network 240 includes one or more wired and / or wireless networks. For example, the network 240 may include a packet-switched network, a cellular network (e.g., a fifth generation (5G) network, a fourth generation (4G) network such as a long term evolution (LTE) network and / or a third generation (3G) network), a code division multiple access (CDMA) network, a public land mobile network (PLMN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a telephone network (e.g., a public switched telephone network (PSTN)), a private network, an ad hoc network, an intranet, the Internet, a fiber-optic-based network, a cloud computing network, or the like, and / or a combination of these or other types of networks.

[0065] Figure 2 The number and arrangement of devices and networks shown are provided as examples. Figure 2 There may be additional devices and / or networks, fewer devices and / or networks, different devices and / or networks, or differently arranged devices and / or networks than those shown. Figure 2 Two or more of the devices shown may be implemented in a single device, or Figure 2 The single device shown may be implemented as multiple distributed devices. Additionally or alternatively, one set of devices (eg, one or more devices) of environment 200 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of devices of environment 200.

[0066] Figure 3 for Figure 2 300. The example components may be included in device 300, which may correspond to user device 210, network device 220, and / or server device 230. In some embodiments, user device 210, network device 220, and / or server device 230 may include one or more devices 300 and / or one or more components of device 300. Figure 3 As shown, device 300 may include a bus 310 , a processor 320 , a memory 330 , an input component 340 , an output component 350 , and a communication interface 360 ​​.

[0067] Bus 310 includes one or more components that enable wired and / or wireless communications between components of device 300. Bus 310 may Figure 3Two or more components of a computer system are coupled together, such as via an operational coupling, a communication coupling, an electronic coupling, and / or an electrical coupling. Processor 320 includes a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and / or another type of processing component. Processor 320 is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. In some embodiments, processor 320 includes one or more processors that can be programmed to perform one or more operations or processes described elsewhere herein.

[0068] Memory 330 includes volatile and / or non-volatile memory. For example, memory 330 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard drive, and / or another type of memory (e.g., flash memory, magnetic memory, and / or optical memory). Memory 330 may include internal memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, or hard drive) and / or removable memory (e.g., removable via a universal serial bus connection). Memory 330 may be a non-temporary computer-readable medium. Memory 330 stores information, instructions, and / or software (e.g., one or more software applications) related to the operation of device 300. In some embodiments, memory 330 includes one or more memories such as coupled to one or more processors (e.g., processor 320) via bus 310.

[0069] Input assembly 340 enables device 300 to receive inputs, such as user inputs and / or sensory inputs. For example, input assembly 340 may include a touch screen, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a button, a microphone, a switch, a sensor, a global positioning system sensor, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and / or an actuator. Output assembly 350 enables device 300 to provide outputs, such as via a display, a speaker, and / or a light emitting diode. Communication interface 360 ​​enables device 300 to communicate with other devices via wired and / or wireless connections. For example, communication interface 360 ​​may include a receiver, a transmitter, a transceiver, a modem, a network interface card, and / or an antenna.

[0070] The device 300 may perform one or more operations or processes described herein. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory 330) may store a set of instructions (e.g., one or more instructions or codes) implemented by the processor 320. The processor 320 may implement the set of instructions to perform one or more operations or processes described herein. In some embodiments, the implementation of the set of instructions by one or more processors 320 causes one or more processors 320 and / or the device 300 to perform one or more operations or processes described herein. In some embodiments, a hard-wired circuit system may be used instead of an instruction or in combination with an instruction to perform one or more operations or processes described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the processor 320 may be configured to perform one or more operations or processes described herein. Therefore, the implementation described herein is not limited to any particular combination of hardware circuit systems and software.

[0071] Figure 3 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. Figure 3 The device 300 may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the device 300 (e.g., one or more components) may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components of the device 300.

[0072] Figure 4 for Figure 2 400. The example components may be included in device 400. Device 400 may correspond to network device 220. In some embodiments, network device 220 may include one or more devices 400 and / or one or more components of device 400. Figure 4 As shown, the device 400 may include one or more input components 410-1 to 410-B (B≥1) (hereinafter collectively referred to as input component 410, individually referred to as input component 410), a switching component 420, one or more output components 430-1 to 430-C (C≥1) (hereinafter collectively referred to as output component 430, individually referred to as output component 430), and a controller 440.

[0073] The input component 410 may be one or more attachment points of a physical link, and may also be one or more entry points for incoming traffic (such as packets). The input component 410 may process incoming traffic, such as by performing data link layer encapsulation or decapsulation. In some embodiments, the input component 410 may transmit and / or receive packets. In some embodiments, the input component 410 may include an input line card, which includes one or more packet processing components (e.g., in the form of an integrated circuit), such as one or more interface cards (IFCs), packet forwarding components, line card controller components, input ports, processors, memory, and / or input queues. In some embodiments, the device 400 may include one or more input components 410.

[0074] The switch component 420 can interconnect the input component 410 with the output component 430. In some embodiments, the switch component 420 can be implemented via one or more crossbar switches, via a bus, and / or using a shared memory. The shared memory can act as a temporary buffer to store packets from the input component 410 before they are ultimately scheduled for delivery to the output component 430. In some embodiments, the switch component 420 can enable the input component 410, the output component 430, and / or the controller 440 to communicate with each other.

[0075] The output component 430 can store packets and can schedule packets for transmission on an output physical link. The output component 430 can support data link layer encapsulation or decapsulation, and / or various high-level protocols. In some embodiments, the output component 430 can transmit packets and / or receive packets. In some embodiments, the output component 430 may include an output line card, which includes one or more packet processing components (e.g., in the form of an integrated circuit), such as one or more IFCs, packet forwarding components, line card controller components, output ports, processors, memories, and / or output queues. In some embodiments, the device 400 may include one or more output components 430. In some embodiments, the input component 410 and the output component 430 may be implemented by the same set of components (e.g., the input / output component may be a combination of the input component 410 and the output component 430).

[0076] Controller 440 includes a processor in the form of a CPU, GPU, accelerated processing unit (APU), microprocessor, microcontroller, DSP, FPGA, ASIC and / or other types of processors. The processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. In some embodiments, controller 440 may include one or more processors that can be programmed to perform functions.

[0077] In some implementations, controller 440 may include RAM, ROM, and / or another type of dynamic or static storage device (eg, flash memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, etc.) that stores information and / or instructions for use by controller 440 .

[0078] In some embodiments, the controller 440 can communicate with other devices, networks, and / or systems connected to the device 400 to exchange information about the network topology. The controller 440 can create a routing table based on the network topology information, can create a forwarding table based on the routing table, and can forward the forwarding table to the input component 410 and / or the output component 430. The input component 410 and / or the output component 430 can use the forwarding table to perform routing lookups for incoming and / or outgoing packets.

[0079] The controller 440 may perform one or more processes described herein. The controller 440 may perform these processes in response to executing software instructions stored by a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium is defined herein as a non-transitory storage device. A storage device includes storage space within a single physical storage device or storage space distributed on multiple physical storage devices.

[0080] The software instructions may be read from another computer-readable medium or another device into a memory and / or storage component associated with the controller 440 via a communication interface. When executed, the software instructions stored in the memory and / or storage component associated with the controller 440 may cause the controller 440 to perform one or more processes described herein. Additionally or alternatively, hardwired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to perform one or more processes described herein. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.

[0081] Figure 4 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. Figure 4 The device 400 may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the device 400 (e.g., one or more components) may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components of the device 400.

[0082] Figure 5 is a flow chart of an example process 500 for providing BGP deterministic path forwarding. In some embodiments, Figure 5 One or more process blocks of may be performed by a network device (e.g., network device 220). In some embodiments, Figure 5One or more process blocks of may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the network device. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 5 One or more process blocks of may be performed by one or more components of device 300, such as processor 320, memory 330, input component 340, output component 350, and / or communication interface 360. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 5 One or more process blocks of may be performed by one or more components of device 400 , such as input component 410 , switching component 420 , output component 430 , and / or controller 440 .

[0083] like Figure 5 As shown, process 500 may include initiating routing (block 510). For example, as described above, a network device may initiate routing.

[0084] like Figure 5 As shown, process 500 may include designating a route as a first colored route having a first color (block 520). For example, as described above, the network device may designate a route as a first colored route having a first color. In some implementations, designating a route as a first colored route includes selecting a best first colored route from a plurality of first colored routes as the first colored route.

[0085] like Figure 5 As further shown in FIG. 5 , process 500 may include announcing the first colored route to the first intermediate network device, such that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to the ingress network device via the first colored border gateway protocol session (block 530). For example, as described above, the network device may announce the first colored route to the first intermediate network device, such that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to the ingress network device via the first colored border gateway protocol session. In some embodiments, announcing the first colored route to the first intermediate network device includes announcing the first colored route to the first intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

[0086] like Figure 5 As shown, process 500 may include designating the route as a second colored route having a second color (block 540). For example, as described above, the network device may designate the route as a second colored route having a second color. In some implementations, designating the route as a second colored route includes selecting a best second colored route from a plurality of second colored routes as the second colored route.

[0087] like Figure 5As further shown in , process 500 may include announcing the second colored route to the second intermediate network device so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through the second colored border gateway protocol session (box 550). For example, as described above, the network device may announce the second colored route to the second intermediate network device so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through the second colored border gateway protocol session. In some embodiments, the ingress network device includes multiple transmission category tables and is configured to map services using the multiple transmission category tables. In some embodiments, the ingress network device is configured to map the service to one of the first colored route or the second colored route. In some embodiments, announcing the second colored route to the second intermediate network device includes announcing the second colored route to the second intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

[0088] In some embodiments, process 500 includes designating a route as a multi-colored route having a plurality of colors, and advertising the multi-colored route to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device. In some embodiments, process 500 includes selecting a best first colored route from a plurality of first colored routes, selecting a best second colored route from a plurality of second colored routes, and advertising the best first colored route and the best second colored route to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device.

[0089] In some embodiments, process 500 includes advertising and pruning one of the first colored route or the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping. In some embodiments, process 500 includes advertising and pruning the first colored route and the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

[0090] In some embodiments, process 500 includes blocking advertisement of the first colored route or the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session when the first colored route and the second colored route fail to include a color overlap. In some embodiments, process 500 includes blocking advertisement of the first colored route and the second colored route through a colored border gateway protocol session when the first colored route and the second colored route fail to include a color overlap.

[0091] although Figure 5 An example block diagram of process 500 is shown, but in some implementations, Figure 5 The process 500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than the blocks shown. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of the process 500 may be performed in parallel.

[0092] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the embodiments.

[0093] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. It is apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented with different forms of hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit these implementations. Therefore, the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code - it should be understood that, based on the description herein, software and hardware may be used to implement the systems and / or methods.

[0094] Although particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of the various embodiments. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of the various embodiments includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.

[0095] Unless explicitly stated, any element, action or instruction used in this article should not be considered as critical or necessary. In addition, as used herein, the articles "a" and "an" are intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "the" is intended to include one or more items related to the article "the", and can be used interchangeably with "the one or more (the one or more)". In addition, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include one or more items (for example, related items, unrelated items, combinations of related items and unrelated items and / or similar items), and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only one item is intended to be used, the phrase "only one (only one)" or similar language is used. In addition, as used herein, the term "has / have / having" or similar items are intended to be open terms. In addition, unless otherwise explicitly stated, the phrase "based on (based on)" is intended to mean "based at least in part on (based, at least in part, on)". Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and is used interchangeably with "and / or" unless expressly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in conjunction with "either" or "only one of"),.

[0096] In the foregoing description, various exemplary embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be apparent that various modifications and changes may be made thereto, and additional embodiments may be implemented, without departing from the broader scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

Claims

1. A method comprising: Routing is initiated by network devices; designating, by the network device, the route as a first colored route having a first color; The network device notifies the first colored route to a first intermediate network device, so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session; designating, by the network device, the route as a second colored route having a second color; as well as The second colored route is advertised by the network device to a second intermediate network device, so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second colored border gateway protocol session.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: designating the route as a multi-colored route having a plurality of colors; as well as The multi-colored route is advertised to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein designating the route as the first colored route comprises: An optimal first colored route is selected from a plurality of first colored routes as the first colored route.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein designating the route as the second colored route comprises: An optimal second colored route is selected from the plurality of second colored routes as the second colored route.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: selecting an optimal first colored route from a plurality of first colored routes; selecting an optimal second colored route from a plurality of second colored routes; as well as The best first colored route and the best second colored route are advertised to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: One of the first colored route or the second colored route is advertised and pruned through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first colored route and the second colored route are advertised and pruned through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

8. A network device comprising: one or more memories; as well as One or more processors to: Initiate routing; designating the route as a first colored route having a first color and selected from a plurality of first colored routes; announcing the first colored route to a first intermediate network device, so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session; designating the route as a second colored route having a second color and selected from a plurality of second colored routes; as well as The second colored route is advertised to a second intermediate network device, so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second colored border gateway protocol session.

9. The network device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: When the first colored route and the second colored route fail to include a color overlap, advertisement of the first colored route or the second colored route over a colored Border Gateway Protocol session is blocked.

10. The network device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: When the first colored route and the second colored route fail to include a color overlap, advertisement of the first colored route and the second colored route over a colored Border Gateway Protocol session is blocked.

11. The network device of claim 8, wherein the ingress network device comprises a plurality of transmission category tables and is configured to utilize the plurality of transmission category tables for mapping traffic.

12. The network device of claim 8, wherein the ingress network device is configured to map traffic to one of the first colored route or the second colored route.

13. The network device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors configured to advertise the first colored route to the first intermediate network device are configured to: The first colored route is advertised to the first intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

14. The network device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors configured to advertise the second colored route to the second intermediate network device are configured to: The second colored route is advertised to the second intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions comprising: One or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of a network device, cause the network device to: Initiate routing; designating the route as a first colored route having a first color; announcing the first colored route to a first intermediate network device, so that the first intermediate network device propagates the first colored route to an ingress network device through a first colored border gateway protocol session; designating the route as a second colored route having a second color; announcing the second colored route to a second intermediate network device, so that the second intermediate network device propagates the second colored route to the ingress network device through a second colored border gateway protocol session; designating the route as a multi-colored route having a plurality of colors; as well as The multi-colored routes are advertised to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device via the first colored border gateway protocol session or the second colored border gateway protocol session.

16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the network device to: selecting an optimal first colored route from a plurality of first colored routes; selecting an optimal second colored route from the plurality of second colored routes; and The best first colored route and the best second colored route are advertised to one of the first intermediate network device or the second intermediate network device.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the network device to: One of the first colored route or the second colored route is advertised and pruned through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the network device to: The first colored route and the second colored route are advertised and pruned through a colored border gateway protocol session based on color overlapping.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions that cause the network device to advertise the first colored route to the first intermediate network device cause the network device to: The first colored route is advertised to the first intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions that cause the network device to advertise the second colored route to the second intermediate network device cause the network device to: The second colored route is advertised to the second intermediate network device using an Internet Protocol version 4 or Internet Protocol version 6 prefix.

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