Automatic bolt tightening device

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic bolt tightening device, comprising: an automatic tightener, a flange tool, a rotating mechanism, a lifting and positioning mechanism, an unfolding mechanism and a gear tool. The rotating mechanism is rotatably mounted on the flange tool, and a first mounting channel is provided therein. The lifting and positioning mechanism comprises a lifting and positioning mechanism body and a handle positioning pin. The lifting and positioning mechanism body is mounted in the first mounting channel and elastically supported on the rotating mechanism. The handle positioning pin is used to connect the flange tool, and a second mounting channel is also provided in the lifting and positioning mechanism body. The unfolding mechanism comprises an unfolding mechanism body and a locking pin. The unfolding mechanism body is rotatably mounted in the second mounting channel, and its upper end is connected to the automatic tightener, and its lower end is connected to the gear tool, and the locking pin is used to connect the lifting and positioning mechanism. The tightening device of the present invention has a simple structure, occupies little space, is easy to operate, has high working efficiency, and has high rigidity. It can well adapt to the tightening requirements of bolts in narrow and invisible blind cavity spaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of assembly, in particular to an automatic bolt tightening device. Background Art

[0002] The assembly process is a crucial component and core step in aircraft engine manufacturing, playing a crucial role in the stability of the entire engine. Traditional bolt tightening methods present numerous challenges for bolted connections within the rotor cavity of turboshaft aircraft engines, particularly in blind cavity environments. Due to the confined space and limited visibility, manual operation is not only inefficient but also prone to uneven bolt tightening force, compromising the overall performance and reliability of the assembled structure.

[0003] Currently, existing automatic tightening devices primarily focus on open-type bolt tightening. For parts like flanges, cylinder blocks, and case covers where nuts are external and exposed, these devices directly tighten single or multiple bolts using a single or multiple tightening shafts in parallel. Alternatively, a single tightening shaft can be connected in parallel with two rows of gears to simultaneously tighten two bolts, achieving multi-bolt parallel tightening. However, open-type tightening is not suitable for engine cavities where nuts are internally located and tightening space is limited.

[0004] As for the positioning method, some tightening devices use the xyz rectangular coordinate system for positioning, which is suitable for parts with bolts randomly distributed in the same plane. Coordinate recognition methods include positioning through screws and code disks, fiber optic sensors, and ultrasonic rangefinders. These are not suitable for blind cavity flanges, structures with symmetrical bolt distribution along the central axis, and structures with relatively high stiffness requirements.

[0005] In the prior art, there is also a similar blind cavity tightening tooling, which connects the gear tooling through a tightening shaft. However, the tooling connection structure is complex and the gear tooling is unfolded in a vertical folding manner. When the blind cavity space is relatively small, this tooling and this unfolding method are not suitable.

[0006] Thus, the existing tooling has the following defects:

[0007] 1. The traditional bolt tightening method involves manually tightening the bolts in the blind cavity using a special wrench. In a blind cavity environment, due to the limited space and the inability to observe the position of the bolts inside the blind cavity and the alignment of the bolts and the wrench, manual operation is not only inefficient but also easily leads to uneven bolt tightening force, thus affecting the overall performance and reliability of the combined structure.

[0008] 2. The existing automatic tightening tooling has indeed overcome the problems of low manual operation efficiency and uneven bolt tightening force, but there are still problems such as complex part structure and the need for a large enough space for the deployment device. It is suitable for flanges, cylinder blocks and box covers with external nuts and no obstruction, and is also suitable for blind cavity tightening of large turbofan engines, etc., but it cannot solve the problem of deployment and bolt tightening in a small space. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention provides an automatic bolt tightening device to solve the technical problems of low efficiency of existing manual operation, uneven bolt tightening force, complex structure of the automatic tightening device, large space required for deployment, and unsuitability for bolt tightening needs in narrow and invisible blind cavity spaces.

[0010] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A bolt automatic tightening device is used in a narrow blind cavity space where the operation is not visible, comprising: an automatic tightener, a flange tooling, a rotating mechanism, a lifting and positioning mechanism, an unfolding mechanism and a gear tooling; the flange tooling is used to be connected to a structure outside the blind cavity space for installation and positioning, the rotating mechanism is rotatably mounted on the flange tooling, and a first installation channel is vertically and penetrated in the rotating mechanism; the lifting and positioning mechanism comprises a lifting and positioning mechanism body and a handle positioning pin, the lifting and positioning mechanism body is mounted in the first installation channel and elastically supported on the rotating mechanism outside the first installation channel to hover in the first installation channel The handle positioning pin is installed on the lifting and positioning mechanism body and is connected to the flange tooling to locate the circumferential position of the lifting and positioning mechanism. A second mounting channel is also provided vertically and through the lifting and positioning mechanism body; the unfolding mechanism includes an unfolding mechanism body and a locking pin. The unfolding mechanism body is rotatably installed in the second mounting channel, and the upper end of the unfolding mechanism body is extended out of the second mounting channel and connected to the automatic tightener. The lower end of the unfolding mechanism body is extended out of the second mounting channel and connected to the gear tooling. The locking pin is installed on the unfolding mechanism body and connected to the lifting and positioning mechanism to locate the circumferential position of the gear tooling.

[0012] Furthermore, the flange tooling includes a hollow circular cover-shaped connecting flange adapted to the mounting ring edge outside the blind cavity space, and a plurality of top screws arranged in sequence along the circular ring edge of the connecting flange; the connecting flange cover is arranged outside the mounting ring edge, and the plurality of top screws are pressed against the outer ring surface of the mounting ring edge along the radial inner end to position and fix the connecting flange; a through-set mounting opening is also provided on the upper cover of the connecting flange, and a ball groove with an annular concave and an upward opening is provided on the wall surface of the mounting opening, and balls are arranged in the ball groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper cover of the connecting flange is provided with flange positioning holes that are spaced in sequence along the circumferential direction and are arranged through the cover, so as to correspond one-to-one with the bolt holes in the blind cavity space where bolts need to be tightened; the flange tooling also includes a hollow annular flange protection ring, a first connecting bolt and multiple lifting rings; the flange protection ring is installed in the connecting flange and is fixed to the connecting flange by the first connecting bolt; the multiple lifting rings are respectively detachably connected to the multiple bolt positioning holes one by one.

[0014] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism includes a disc-shaped rotating support plate, a guide sleeve and a second connecting bolt; the outer peripheral surface of the rotating support plate is provided with an annular concave ball groove with an opening facing downward, the rotating support plate is located in the mounting opening of the connecting flange, and is rotatably supported on the connecting flange by the balls located between the upper and lower ball grooves; a first penetrating mounting hole is also provided on the rotating support plate, the guide sleeve is located in the first mounting hole and is fixed to the rotating support plate by the second connecting bolt, and the inner channel of the guide sleeve forms a first mounting channel.

[0015] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism also includes a baffle and a third connecting bolt; the baffle is fixed to the lower surface of the rotating support plate by the third connecting bolt, and the baffle also abuts against the lower surface of the upper cover of the connecting flange to limit the axial movement of the rotating support plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the lifting and positioning mechanism body includes a support limiter and an elastic support member for supplying elastic supporting force; the lower end of the support limiter is installed in the first mounting channel, and the elastic support member is vertically supported on the rotating mechanism and the top end supports and connects the support limiter to balance the force of the lifting and positioning mechanism and make the support limiter hover in the first mounting channel; the handle positioning pin is installed on the support limiter for fixing with the flange tooling to determine the position of the tightened bolt.

[0017] Furthermore, the support limiter includes a support plate, a sleeve, a fourth connecting bolt, a connecting plate, a fifth connecting bolt and a sixth connecting bolt, and the handle positioning pin includes a handle and a positioning pin; the support plate is supported on the top end of the first mounting channel, and a second mounting hole is provided on the support plate. The sleeve is located in the second mounting hole and is fixed to the support plate by the fourth connecting bolt, and the inner channel of the sleeve forms a second mounting channel; the connecting plate is connected to one side of the support plate by the fifth connecting bolt, and the elastic support is vertically supported on the rotating mechanism and the top end is connected to the connecting plate by the sixth connecting bolt; the handle is threadedly connected to the other side of the support plate relative to the elastic support, and the positioning pin is threadedly connected to the lower end of the handle.

[0018] Furthermore, the main body of the unfolding mechanism includes a hollow rotating unfolding shaft that is connected at both ends, a tightening shaft flange adapter plate, a gear tooling flange adapter plate, a seventh connecting bolt and an eighth connecting bolt; the rotating unfolding shaft is limitedly installed in the second mounting channel by the flange arranged on its outer periphery and abutting against the top surface of the second mounting channel, and the upper end of the rotating unfolding shaft extending out of the second mounting channel is disassembled and connected to the tightening shaft flange adapter plate through the seventh connecting bolt, and the lower end of the rotating unfolding shaft extending out of the second mounting channel is disassembled and connected to the gear tooling flange adapter plate through the eighth connecting bolt; the locking pin is passed through the flange of the rotating unfolding shaft.

[0019] Furthermore, the gear tooling includes a mounting housing, a main input gear assembly, multiple transmission gear groups and bolt connectors; the upper end of the mounting housing is detachably connected to the bottom end of the deployment mechanism body, and a vertical mounting channel and a horizontal mounting channel that are vertically and horizontally intersecting and connected are provided in the mounting housing; the main input gear assembly is installed in the vertical mounting channel, and the bottom end of the automatic tightener is detachably connected to the top end of the deployment mechanism body, and the drive shaft of the automatic tightener is connected to the top end of the torque input shaft of the main input gear assembly; multiple transmission gear groups are arranged in sequence along the horizontal mounting channel and meshed for transmission, and the transmission gear group closest to the main input gear assembly is also meshed for transmission with the lower end of the main input gear assembly; the bolt connector is connected to the output end of one of the transmission gear groups.

[0020] Furthermore, the mounting shell includes a hollow tooling extension arm connected at both ends, a ninth connecting bolt and a tenth connecting bolt, and a hollow shell. The upper end of the tooling extension arm is detachably connected to the bottom end of the deployment mechanism body by multiple ninth connecting bolts. The shell is perpendicular to the lower end of the tooling extension arm and is fixed to the tooling extension arm by the tenth connecting bolt; the main input gear assembly includes a torque input shaft, a main input bearing and a main input gear arranged in the tooling extension arm, the upper end of the torque input shaft is penetrated and connected to the main input bearing, and the main input gear is fixedly mounted on the outer circle of the lower end of the torque input shaft; multiple groups of transmission gear groups are sequentially arranged in the cavity of the shell, and each transmission gear group includes a transmission gear shaft vertically and rotatably supported on the shell, a transmission support bearing installed on the shell and for the upper end of the transmission gear shaft to penetrate and connect, and a transmission gear fixed on the outer circle of the lower end of the transmission gear shaft; the bolt connection includes an outer sleeve connected to the shell, and a sleeve bolt arranged in the outer sleeve and connected to the output end of the transmission gear shaft.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention is aimed at the bolt connection of the inner cavity of the rotor of a turboshaft aircraft engine, and the situation where the internal bolts need to be tightened when the inner cavity cannot be observed, and it is extremely difficult to use traditional bolt tightening methods. Therefore, the automatic tightening device of the present invention is designed. In the automatic tightening device of the present invention, the unfolding mechanism is located between the lower part of the automatic tightener and the lifting and positioning mechanism, and the position is prominent. The gear tooling can be folded and unfolded by rotating the unfolding mechanism, and the position of the gear tooling can be fixed by the locking pin. Compared with other gear unfolding mechanisms, the mechanism of the present invention has a simple structure, occupies less space, is easy to operate, has high work efficiency, and has high rigidity. It can well adapt to the tightening requirements of bolts in narrow and invisible blind cavity spaces. On the other hand, through the setting of the automatic tightener, the tightening torque of the bolts can be accurately controlled within a limited space to ensure that each bolt can achieve the tightening force required by the design, so that the tightening force of each bolt is more uniform and consistent, meeting the high precision and high reliability requirements of aircraft engines, thereby improving the overall quality and reliability of aircraft engine assembly.

[0023] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial structure of an automatic bolt tightening device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a sectional main structure;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the spatial structure of the middle flange tooling;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional main structure of the middle flange tooling;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the spatial structure of the rotating mechanism;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional front view of the structure after the middle rotating mechanism and flange tooling are assembled;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 1A schematic diagram of the spatial structure of the lifting positioning mechanism 4;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional front view of the positioning mechanism 4 is lifted;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the spatial structure of the unfolding mechanism;

[0034] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional main structure of the unfolding mechanism;

[0035] Figure 11 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the spatial structure of the middle gear tooling;

[0036] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional main view structure of the middle gear tooling.

[0037] Legend:

[0038] 1. Automatic tightener; 2. Flange tooling; 21. Connecting flange; 22. Flange protection ring; 23. First connecting bolt; 24. Lifting ring; 25. Jackscrew; 26. Ball bearing; 3. Rotating mechanism; 31. Rotating support plate; 32. Baffle; 33. Third connecting bolt; 34. Guide sleeve; 35. Second connecting bolt; 4. Lifting and positioning mechanism; 41. Elastic support member; 42. Support plate; 43. Sleeve; 44. Fourth connecting bolt; 45. Connecting plate; 46. Fifth connecting bolt; 47. Sixth connecting bolt; 48. Handle; 49. Fixing mechanism Position pin; 5. Expansion mechanism; 51. Locking pin; 52. Tightening shaft flange adapter plate; 53. Seventh connecting bolt; 54. Rotary expansion shaft; 55. Gear tooling flange adapter plate; 56. Eighth connecting bolt; 6. Gear tooling; 61. Tooling extension arm; 62. Ninth connecting bolt; 63. Tenth connecting bolt; 64. Housing; 65. Eleventh connecting bolt; 66. Torque input shaft; 67. Main input bearing; 68. Transmission gear; 69. Transmission support bearing; 610. Transmission gear shaft; 611. Outer sleeve; 612. Sleeve bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0040] Reference Figure 1-2The preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic bolt tightening device, which is used in a narrow blind cavity space where the operation is not visible, and includes: an automatic tightener 1, a flange tool 2, a rotating mechanism 3, a lifting and positioning mechanism 4, an unfolding mechanism 5 and a gear tool 6. The flange tool 2 is used to connect with the structure outside the blind cavity space for installation and positioning. The rotating mechanism 3 is rotatably mounted on the flange tool 2, and a first installation channel that is vertical and penetrates is provided in the rotating mechanism 3. The lifting and positioning mechanism 4 includes a lifting and positioning mechanism body and a handle positioning pin. The lifting and positioning mechanism body is installed in the first installation channel and elastically supported on the rotating mechanism 3 outside the first installation channel so as to hover in the first installation channel. The handle positioning pin is installed on the lifting and positioning mechanism body and is connected to the flange tool 2 to locate the circumferential position of the lifting and positioning mechanism 4. A second installation channel that is vertical and penetrates is also provided in the lifting and positioning mechanism body. The unfolding mechanism 5 includes an unfolding mechanism body and a locking pin 51. The unfolding mechanism body is rotatably installed in the second mounting channel, and the upper end of the unfolding mechanism body extends out of the second mounting channel and is connected to the automatic tightener 1. The lower end of the unfolding mechanism body extends out of the second mounting channel and is connected to the gear tooling 6. The locking pin 51 is installed on the unfolding mechanism body and is connected to the lifting positioning mechanism 4 to locate the circumferential position of the gear tooling 6.

[0041] When using the automatic bolt tightening device of the present invention to tighten bolts in a narrow blind cavity space where the operation is not visible, first confirm that the gear tooling 6 is in the retracted state (that is, the gear tooling 6 is located under the flange tooling 2 and is completely covered by the flange tooling 2), and confirm that the locking pin 51 of the deployment mechanism 5 is inserted into the lifting positioning mechanism 4; then the automatic tightening device of the present invention is hoisted to the blind cavity space (the next-level mounting edge of the aircraft engine rotor in the present invention) by the hoisting device, and after aligning the positioning hole on the flange tooling 2 with the hole on the next-level mounting edge of the aircraft engine rotor, fix the position of the flange tooling 2 on the aircraft engine; grab the handle positioning pin of the lifting positioning mechanism 4, lift the lifting positioning mechanism 4, the deployment mechanism 5, the automatic tightener 1 and the gear tooling 6, and pull out the locking pin 51 of the deployment mechanism 5, rotate the deployment mechanism 5 to a certain angle, so that the gear tooling 6 is unfolded (that is, the gear tooling 6 is extended from the outer side of the flange tooling 2 After the nut is tightened, the cam 51 is tightened to the desired position and the cam 52 is tightened to the desired position.

[0042] The present invention is aimed at the bolt connection of the inner cavity of the rotor of a turboshaft aircraft engine, and the situation where the internal bolts need to be tightened when the inner cavity cannot be observed, and it is extremely difficult to use the traditional bolt tightening method. Therefore, the automatic tightening device of the present invention is designed. In the automatic tightening device of the present invention, the unfolding mechanism 5 is located between the lower part of the automatic tightener 1 and the lifting and positioning mechanism 4, and the position is obvious. The gear tooling 6 can be folded and unfolded by rotating the unfolding mechanism 5, and the position of the gear tooling 6 can be fixed by the locking pin 51. Compared with other gear unfolding mechanisms, the present invention has a simple structure, occupies less space, is easy to operate, has high work efficiency, and has high rigidity. It can well adapt to the tightening requirements of bolts in narrow and invisible blind cavity spaces. On the other hand, through the setting of the automatic tightener 1, the tightening torque of the bolts can be accurately controlled within a limited space to ensure that each bolt can achieve the tightening force required by the design, so that the tightening force of each bolt is more uniform and consistent, meeting the high precision and high reliability requirements of aircraft engines, thereby improving the overall quality and reliability of aircraft engine assembly.

[0043] Alternatively, as Figure 1 As shown, the automatic tightener 1 is used to provide torque and rotation angle output for bolt tightening, with a torque output accuracy of ±5% and an angle accuracy of ±0.1°. This provides more precise process control for bolt tightening, thereby facilitating the control of the final tightening force, improving the fit of adjacent flange mating surfaces, and enhancing the assembly stability of turboshaft aircraft engine compressors. In other embodiments, the automatic tightener 1 can be replaced with other tools for tightening bolts, such as servo motors and torque wrenches.

[0044] Alternatively, as Figure 3-4 As shown, the flange fixture 2 includes a hollow, circular connection flange 21 that fits within the outer mounting ring of the blind cavity, and a plurality of jackscrews 25 spaced apart along the annular edge of the connection flange 21. The connection flange 21 is positioned outside the mounting ring, and the radially inner ends of the jackscrews 25 press against the outer annular surface of the mounting ring to secure the connection flange 21. In actual design, the jackscrews 25 are evenly spaced along the circumference and threadedly connected to the annular edge of the connection flange 21. When the jackscrews 25 are tightened, the inner ends of the jackscrews 25 press against the mounting ring to secure the connection flange 21. In this embodiment, the jackscrews 25 are made of polyurethane to protect the mounting edge of the aircraft engine, and six jackscrews 25 are evenly distributed along the side of the connection flange 21. A mounting opening is also formed through the upper cover of the connection flange 21. The wall surface of the mounting opening is provided with an annular, concave, upward-facing ball groove, within which balls 26 are disposed.

[0045] In this option, if Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the upper cover of the connecting flange 21 is also provided with flange locating holes spaced circumferentially and extending therethrough, corresponding one-to-one with the bolt holes in the blind cavity where bolts need to be tightened. This way, when the locating pins 49 are inserted into the flange locating holes and secured to the connecting flange 21, the gear tooling 6 is aligned with the tightened bolts, thereby also achieving positioning of the gear tooling 6 relative to the tightened bolts. In this optional solution, the flange locating holes and the bolt locating holes form a circle of holes. This is because the number and phase of the holes in the lower-level flange and the assembly-level flange of the aircraft engine are equal, so the flange locating holes and the bolt locating holes are designed to form a circle to save space. The flange tooling 2 also includes a hollow annular flange protection ring 22, a first connecting bolt 23, and multiple lifting rings 24. The flange protection ring 22 is installed in the connecting flange 21 and secured to the connecting flange 21 by the first connecting bolt 23. In this optional solution, the flange protection ring 22 is made of polyurethane or other non-metallic soft material and is installed between the connecting flange 21 and the aircraft engine mounting edge to protect the aircraft engine mounting edge. Multiple lifting rings 24 are respectively detachably connected to multiple bolt positioning holes; in this example, three lifting rings 24 are used so that the automatic tightening device can be stably lifted to the mounting edge of the aircraft engine. The threaded connection between the lifting ring 24 and the connecting flange 21 makes the lifting ring 24 easy to disassemble so as not to hinder the positioning of the tightened bolts by lifting the positioning mechanism 4.

[0046] Alternatively, as Figure 5-6 As shown, the rotating mechanism 3 includes a disc-shaped rotating support plate 31, a guide sleeve 34, and a second connecting bolt 35. The outer peripheral surface of the rotating support plate 31 is provided with an annular concave ball groove with an opening facing downward. The rotating support plate 31 is located in the installation opening of the connecting flange 21 and is rotatably supported on the connecting flange 21 by balls 26 located between the upper and lower ball grooves. In this optional solution, the inner ring of the flange tooling 2 is designed with a raceway, and is connected to the rotating mechanism 3 by balls 26 to form a thrust rolling bearing, which supports the weight of the rotating mechanism 3, the unfolding mechanism 5, the automatic tightener 1, and the gear tooling 6, ensures the free rotation of the rotating support plate 31 relative to the flange tooling 2, changes the position of the gear tooling 6, and switches the tightening position of the bolts. In other embodiments, in addition to using balls 26, other parts that can support rotation, such as standard bearings and sliding bearings, can be replaced. A first mounting hole is also provided on the rotating support plate 31. The guide sleeve 34 is located in the first mounting hole and is fixed to the rotating support plate 31 by a second connecting bolt 35. The inner channel of the guide sleeve 34 forms a first mounting channel. The guide sleeve 34 is fitted with the sleeve 43 of the lifting and positioning mechanism 4, and moves linearly with the lifting and positioning mechanism 4, and is responsible for the guiding function.

[0047] Furthermore, if Figure 6As shown, the rotating mechanism 3 further includes a baffle 32 and a third connecting bolt 33. The baffle 32 is fixed to the lower surface of the rotating support plate 31 by the third connecting bolt 33, and the baffle 32 also abuts against the lower surface of the upper cover of the connecting flange 21 to limit the axial movement of the rotating support plate 31 and prevent the rotating support plate 31 and the balls 26 from escaping from the ball groove of the connecting flange 21.

[0048] Alternatively, as Figure 7-8 As shown, the lifting and positioning mechanism body includes a support limiter and an elastic support member 41 for providing elastic support force. The lower end of the support limiter is installed in the first installation channel. The elastic support member 41 is vertically supported on the rotating mechanism 3 and the top end supports and connects to the support limiter to balance the force applied to the lifting and positioning mechanism 4 and allow the support limiter to suspend in the first installation channel. The handle positioning pin is installed on the support limiter to be fixed to the flange fixture 2 and used to determine the position of the tightened bolt. In this example, the elastic support member 41 is a nitrogen spring. The thrust of the nitrogen spring is adjusted until the thrust is equal to the sum of the weight of the automatic tightener 1 and other devices. The role of the nitrogen spring is to balance gravity, so that the lifting and positioning mechanism 4 can suspend at any vertical position in the first installation channel, so that when the bolts are tightened later, the gear fixture 6 can descend as the bolts are tightened deeper. In other embodiments, the nitrogen spring can be replaced with a common spring, balancer, cylinder, or other mechanism that can balance the gravity of the mechanism.

[0049] In this option, if Figure 7-8As shown, the support and limiting body includes a support plate 42, a sleeve 43, a fourth connecting bolt 44, a connecting plate 45, a fifth connecting bolt 46, and a sixth connecting bolt 47, and the handle positioning pin includes a handle 48 and a positioning pin 49. The support plate 42 is supported on the outside of the top end of the first mounting channel. A second mounting hole is provided on the support plate 42. The sleeve 43 is located in the second mounting hole and is fixed to the support plate 42 by the fourth connecting bolt 44. The inner channel of the sleeve 43 forms a second mounting channel. In this embodiment, the sleeve 43 is made of a self-lubricating material, which makes it easier for the structure fitted with it to move relative to each other. The sleeve 43 fits with the guide sleeve 34 of the rotating mechanism 3 to achieve vertical movement of the lifting positioning mechanism 4. At the same time, the sleeve 43 fits with the rotating deployment shaft 54 ​​of the deployment mechanism 5 to achieve relative rotation of the deployment mechanism 5, so that the gear tooling 6 can be deployed. The connecting plate 45 is connected to one side of the support plate 42 via a fifth connecting bolt 46. The elastic support member 41 is vertically supported on the rotating mechanism 3 and its top end is connected to the connecting plate 45 via a sixth connecting bolt 47. The handle 48 is threadedly connected to the other side of the support plate 42 relative to the elastic support member 41, and the positioning pin 49 is threadedly connected to the lower end of the handle 48. In this embodiment, the handle 48 is threaded and threadedly connected to the support plate 42 through a screw hole on the support plate 42. The function of the handle 48 is to provide a grip when the positioning mechanism 4 is raised and lowered, or when the station device of the conversion bolt is rotated. The positioning pin 49 has a threaded hole that cooperates with the thread of the handle 48. The positioning pin 49 also cooperates with the bolt positioning hole on the connecting flange to determine the position of the bolt being tightened and provide positioning when the bolt is tightened.

[0050] During operation, the lifting and positioning mechanism 4 is fitted with the unfolding mechanism 5, and at the same time, is fitted with the rotating mechanism 3. The lifting and positioning mechanism 4 and the rotating mechanism 3 can be linearly displaced up and down. One side of the lifting and positioning mechanism 4 is connected to a nitrogen spring, which is used to balance the gravity of the automatic tightener 1 and the tooling, so that the lifting and positioning mechanism 4 can hover in a vertical position. When the lifting and positioning mechanism 4 is lifted, the position of the unfolding mechanism 5 is raised at the same time, thereby driving the gear tooling 6 to lift, so that the gear tooling 6 is disengaged from the nut, and the work position can be switched. The lifting and positioning mechanism 4 falls, and the positioning pin 49 is inserted into the bolt positioning hole on the flange tooling 2. The gear tooling 6 falls and fits with the corresponding nut, and the electric tightening shaft can be started for tightening.

[0051] Alternatively, as Figure 9-10As shown, the deployment mechanism body includes a hollow, connected rotational deployment shaft 54, a tightening shaft flange adapter plate 52, a gear tooling flange adapter plate 55, and seventh and eighth connecting bolts 53 and 56. The rotational deployment shaft 54 ​​is secured within the second mounting channel by a flange disposed on its periphery that abuts against the top surface of the second mounting channel. The upper end of the rotational deployment shaft 54, extending out of the second mounting channel, is detachably connected to the tightening shaft flange adapter plate 52 via the seventh connecting bolt 53. The lower end of the rotational deployment shaft 54, extending out of the second mounting channel, is detachably connected to the gear tooling flange adapter plate 55 via the eighth connecting bolt 56. A locking pin 51 is provided through the flange of the rotational deployment shaft 54.

[0052] In this option, if Figure 9-10 As shown, the tightening shaft flange adapter plate 52 is designed to accommodate different models of automatic tighteners 1. It is first bolted to the automatic tightener 1 and then connected to the rotating deployment shaft 54 ​​via the seventh connecting bolt 53. The rotating deployment shaft 54 ​​has a pin hole, which is fixed to the lifting and positioning mechanism 4 through the locking pin 51, thereby facilitating the deployment and retraction of the gear tooling 6. The rotating deployment shaft 54 ​​also fits into the sleeve 43 of the lifting and positioning mechanism 4, freely rotating within the sleeve 43 to achieve the deployment and retraction of the gears of the deployment mechanism 5. The gear tooling flange adapter plate 55 is connected to the rotating deployment shaft 54 ​​via the eighth connecting bolt 56 and is designed to accommodate different types of gear tooling 6.

[0053] During operation, the upper end of the deployment mechanism 5 is bolted to the flange of the automatic tightener 1, while the lower end is bolted to the gear fixture 6. The deployment mechanism 5 fits snugly within the lifting and positioning mechanism 4, allowing the deployment mechanism 5 to rotate freely within the lifting and positioning mechanism 4. When rotating the deployment mechanism 5, the locking pin 51 is first withdrawn, causing the gear fixture 6 to deploy as the deployment mechanism 5 rotates, bringing the gear fixture 6 to the tightening position. The locking pin 51 is then reinserted, completing the deployment and positioning of the gear fixture 6.

[0054] Alternatively, as Figure 11-12 As shown, the gear fixture 6 includes a mounting housing, a main input gear assembly, multiple transmission gear sets, and bolt connectors. The upper end of the mounting housing is detachably connected to the bottom end of the deployment mechanism body, and a vertical mounting channel and a horizontal mounting channel are provided in the mounting housing, which intersect and connect vertically and horizontally. The main input gear assembly is mounted in the vertical mounting channel, and the bottom end of the automatic tightener 1 is detachably connected to the top end of the deployment mechanism body, and the drive shaft of the automatic tightener 1 is connected to the top end of the torque input shaft of the main input gear assembly. Multiple transmission gear sets are arranged in sequence along the horizontal mounting channel and mesh with each other for transmission, and the transmission gear set closest to the main input gear assembly is also meshed with the lower end of the main input gear assembly for transmission. The bolt connector is connected to the output end of one of the transmission gear sets.

[0055] In this option, if Figure 11-12 As shown, the installation shell includes a hollow tooling extension arm 61 with both ends connected, a ninth connecting bolt 62 and a tenth connecting bolt 63, and a hollow shell 64. The upper end of the tooling extension arm 61 is detachably connected to the bottom end of the deployment mechanism body by multiple ninth connecting bolts 62. The shell 64 is perpendicular to the lower end of the tooling extension arm 61 and is fixed to the tooling extension arm 61 by the tenth connecting bolt 63. In this example, the length of the tooling extension arm 61 is determined by the height position of the tightened bolt in the aircraft engine rotor, and tooling extension arms 61 of different sizes correspond to bolts in different positions. Due to size limitations, the gear tooling 6 has a shell 64 of a two-half split design, and the two halves of the shell are connected by an eleventh connecting bolt 65 to form the main body of the gear tooling. In order to save space, the shell 64 of the gear tooling 6 adopts a double-half connection configuration, which meets the requirements of gear arrangement and convenient installation.

[0056] The main input gear assembly includes a torque input shaft 66, a main input bearing 67, and a main input gear, disposed within the tooling extension arm 61. The upper end of the torque input shaft 66 is connected to the main input bearing 67, and the main input gear is fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the lower end of the torque input shaft 66. In this embodiment, the torque input shaft 66 and the tooling extension arm 61 are relatively rotatable, and the length of the torque input shaft 66 matches that of the tooling extension arm 61, thereby transmitting torque and extending the depth of torque transmission. Multiple transmission gear sets are sequentially disposed within the cavity of the housing 64, each comprising a transmission gear shaft 610 vertically and rotatably supported on the housing 64, a transmission support bearing 69 mounted on the housing 64 and connected to the upper end of the transmission gear shaft 610, and a transmission gear 68 fixed to the outer circumference of the lower end of the transmission gear shaft 610. In this embodiment, the gear tooling 6 utilizes a linear arrangement of pinions, which ensures a transmission ratio close to 1:1 while saving significant space. The bolt connector includes an outer sleeve 611 connected to the housing 64 and a sleeve bolt 612 disposed in the outer sleeve 611 and connected to the output end of the transmission gear shaft 610. The bolt connector is used to transmit rotation angle and torque.

[0057] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic bolt tightening device, characterized in that: Applicable to narrow blind cavity spaces where operations are not visible, including: Automatic tightener (1), flange tooling (2), rotating mechanism (3), lifting and positioning mechanism (4), unfolding mechanism (5) and gear tooling (6); The flange fixture (2) is used to be connected to a structure outside the blind cavity space for installation and positioning; the rotating mechanism (3) is rotatably mounted on the flange fixture (2); and a first installation channel is vertically and penetratingly provided in the rotating mechanism (3); The lifting and positioning mechanism (4) comprises a lifting and positioning mechanism body and a handle positioning pin. The lifting and positioning mechanism body is installed in the first installation channel and elastically supported on the rotating mechanism (3) outside the first installation channel so as to be suspended in the first installation channel. The handle positioning pin is installed on the lifting and positioning mechanism body and connected to the flange tooling (2) to position the circumferential position of the lifting and positioning mechanism (4). A second installation channel is also vertically and penetratingly provided in the lifting and positioning mechanism body. The unfolding mechanism (5) comprises an unfolding mechanism body and a locking pin (51). The unfolding mechanism body is rotatably mounted in the second mounting channel, and the upper end of the unfolding mechanism body extends out of the second mounting channel and is connected to the automatic tightener (1). The lower end of the unfolding mechanism body extends out of the second mounting channel and is connected to the gear tooling (6). The locking pin (51) is mounted on the unfolding mechanism body and is connected to the lifting positioning mechanism (4) to position the circumferential position of the gear tooling (6).

2. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flange tooling (2) comprises a hollow circular cover-shaped connecting flange (21) adapted to the outer mounting ring edge of the blind cavity space, and a plurality of top screws (25) sequentially arranged at intervals along the ring edge of the connecting flange (21); The connecting flange (21) is covered outside the mounting ring, and a plurality of top screws (25) are pressed against the outer ring surface of the mounting ring along the radial inner end to position and fix the connecting flange (21); The upper cover of the connecting flange (21) is also provided with a through-mounted mounting opening, and a ball groove with an annular concave arrangement and an upward opening is provided on the wall surface of the mounting opening, and balls (26) are arranged in the ball groove.

3. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper cover of the connecting flange (21) is also provided with flange positioning holes that are sequentially spaced and arranged through the circumference, so as to correspond one-to-one with the bolt holes that need to tighten the bolts in the blind cavity space; The flange tooling (2) further comprises a hollow annular flange protection ring (22), a first connecting bolt (23) and a plurality of lifting rings (24); The flange protection ring (22) is installed in the connecting flange (21) and is fixed to the connecting flange (21) by a first connecting bolt (23); The plurality of lifting rings (24) are respectively detachably connected to the plurality of bolt positioning holes.

4. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (3) comprises a disc-shaped rotating support disc (31), a guide sleeve (34) and a second connecting bolt (35); The outer peripheral surface of the rotary support disc (31) is provided with an annular concave ball groove with an opening facing downwards. The rotary support disc (31) is located in the mounting opening of the connecting flange (21) and is rotatably supported on the connecting flange (21) by balls (26) located between the upper and lower ball grooves. A first mounting hole is also provided on the rotating support disc (31). The guide sleeve (34) is located in the first mounting hole and is fixed to the rotating support disc (31) via a second connecting bolt (35). The inner channel of the guide sleeve (34) forms a first mounting channel.

5. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (3) further includes a baffle (32) and a third connecting bolt (33); The baffle (32) is fixed to the lower surface of the rotating support disk (31) by a third connecting bolt (33), and the baffle (32) also abuts against the lower surface of the upper cover of the connecting flange (21) to limit the axial movement of the rotating support disk (31).

6. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and positioning mechanism body comprises a support limiter and an elastic support member (41) for supplying elastic supporting force; The lower end of the support and limiter is installed in the first installation channel, and the elastic support member (41) is vertically supported on the rotating mechanism (3) and the top end supports and connects to the support and limiter, so as to balance the force applied to the lifting positioning mechanism (4) and enable the support and limiter to suspend in the first installation channel; The handle positioning pin is installed on the support limiting body to be fixed with the flange tool (2) and to determine the position of the screwed bolt.

7. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support and limiting body includes a support plate (42), a sleeve (43), a fourth connecting bolt (44), a connecting plate (45), a fifth connecting bolt (46) and a sixth connecting bolt (47); and the handle positioning pin includes a handle (48) and a positioning pin (49); The support plate (42) is supported outside the top end of the first installation channel. A second installation hole is provided on the support plate (42). The sleeve (43) is located in the second installation hole and is fixed to the support plate (42) by a fourth connecting bolt (44). The inner channel of the sleeve (43) forms a second installation channel. The connecting plate (45) is connected to one side of the supporting plate (42) via a fifth connecting bolt (46); the elastic supporting member (41) is vertically supported on the rotating mechanism (3) and the top end is connected to the connecting plate (45) via a sixth connecting bolt (47); The handle (48) is threadedly connected to the other side of the support plate (42) relative to the elastic support member (41), and the positioning pin (49) is threadedly connected to the lower end of the handle (48).

8. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unfolding mechanism body comprises a hollow rotating unfolding shaft (54) with upper and lower ends connected, a tightening shaft flange adapter plate (52), a gear tooling flange adapter plate (55), a seventh connecting bolt (53) and an eighth connecting bolt (56); The rotating expansion shaft (54) is limitedly installed in the second installation channel by the flange provided on its outer periphery abutting against the top surface of the second installation channel, and the upper end of the rotating expansion shaft (54) extending out of the second installation channel is disassembled and connected to the tightening shaft flange adapter plate (52) through the seventh connecting bolt (53), and the lower end of the rotating expansion shaft (54) extending out of the second installation channel is disassembled and connected to the gear tooling flange adapter plate (55) through the eighth connecting bolt (56); The locking pin (51) is passed through the flange of the rotating expansion shaft (54).

9. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear tooling (6) includes a mounting housing, a main input gear assembly, multiple transmission gear sets and bolt connectors; The upper end of the installation shell is detachably connected to the bottom end of the deployment mechanism body, and a vertical installation channel and a horizontal installation channel that intersect and communicate vertically and horizontally are provided in the installation shell; The main input gear assembly is installed in the vertical installation channel, and the bottom end of the automatic tightener (1) is detachably connected to the top end of the expansion mechanism body, and the drive shaft of the automatic tightener (1) is connected to the top end of the torque input shaft of the main input gear assembly; Multiple transmission gear sets are sequentially arranged along the transverse installation channel and mesh with each other for transmission, and the transmission gear set closest to the main input gear assembly is also meshed with the lower end of the main input gear assembly for transmission; The bolt connection is connected to the output end of one of the transmission gear sets.

10. The automatic bolt tightening device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The mounting shell comprises a hollow tool extension arm (61) with two ends connected, a ninth connecting bolt (62) and a tenth connecting bolt (63), and a hollow shell (64); the upper end of the tool extension arm (61) is detachably connected to the bottom end of the unfolding mechanism body through a plurality of ninth connecting bolts (62); the shell (64) is perpendicular to the lower end of the tool extension arm (61) and is fixed to the tool extension arm (61) through the tenth connecting bolt (63); The main input gear assembly comprises a torque input shaft (66) arranged in the tooling extension arm (61), a main input bearing (67) and a main input gear, wherein the upper end of the torque input shaft (66) is connected to the main input bearing (67), and the main input gear is fixedly mounted on the outer circle of the lower end of the torque input shaft (66); A plurality of transmission gear sets are sequentially arranged in the cavity of the housing (64), and each transmission gear set includes a transmission gear shaft (610) vertically and rotatably supported on the housing (64), a transmission support bearing (69) mounted on the housing (64) and through which the upper end of the transmission gear shaft (610) is passed, and a transmission gear (68) fixed on the outer circle of the lower end of the transmission gear shaft (610); The bolt connection member includes an outer sleeve (611) connected to the outer shell (64), and a sleeve bolt (612) disposed in the outer sleeve (611) and connected to the output end of the transmission gear shaft (610).

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