Upper oxygen inlet type biomass burner

Abstract

The invention discloses an upper oxygen inlet type biomass burner. Comprising a furnace body, a combustion chamber arranged on the upper portion of the furnace body, a fire grate arranged in the middle of the furnace body, a filtering chamber, a gravitational dust removal chamber and a slag outlet formed in the bottom of the furnace body, an oxygen and material inlet is formed in the top of the combustion chamber, and an air supply port induced draft fan and an air supply pipe are arranged on the side wall of the gravitational dust removal chamber; and the slag outlet is externally connected with a slag outlet valve for controlling the slag outlet speed. The combustion chamber is open, oxygen and materials are fed through the top, and the bursting risk of a traditional sealed combustion chamber is avoided. The top oxygen inlet of the combustion chamber can help the fuel to descend, so that the fuel is uniformly combusted, and the problem of burning-out instability caused by non-uniform blanking of traditional side oxygen inlet combustion is solved. The inlet oxygen is always located on the pyrolysis layer of the combustion chamber, the pyrolysis layer can burn upwards, the vertical moving position of the pyrolysis layer is adjusted by controlling the deslagging speed and time in cooperation with the fire grate and the deslagging valve, and therefore the problems that the position of a traditional pyrolysis layer is fixed, the fire grate and a furnace body are burnt out due to high local temperature, and the service life is short are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy, and in particular relates to an upward oxygen-intake biomass burner. Background Art

[0002] Biomass burners use biomass agricultural and forestry waste such as straw, branches, bark, wood processing scraps and construction waste boards as fuel, and use suspension, boiling and semi-gasification cracking as combustion methods to produce high-temperature hot flames and transfer heat to thermal equipment; or gasify and crack into fuel gas for power generation or residential use, and have zero carbon dioxide emissions. The huge advantage of biomass energy is that it is a high-efficiency, environmentally friendly combustion equipment that replaces traditional coal-fired boiler heat sources.

[0003] In the related art, the application document with the publication number CN117663113A discloses a biomass burner and a biomass combustion method, the biomass burner and includes a furnace body, a feed assembly, at least one heating assembly, a drainage assembly and a blast assembly, the furnace body includes a furnace box and a grate, the feed assembly includes a feed box, a guide box and a diverter, the feed box is connected to the furnace box, the guide box is connected to the feed box, the diverter is located at the connection between the guide box and the feed box, the diverter includes a diverter plate, the diverter plate is used to separate the feed box and the diverter box; the heating assembly includes a heating plate, the heating plate is used to heat the feed box, the drainage assembly includes two guide plates, the two guide plates are located at the connection between the feed box and the furnace box, the feed box, the diverter plate and the two guide plates form a heating zone, the blast assembly is connected to the bottom of the furnace box, and the blast assembly is used to provide oxygen required for biomass combustion. The present application has the advantages of improving the inability to preheat biomass fuel.

[0004] In the above-mentioned related technologies, a technical solution is adopted in which the air inlet of the combustion chamber is set on the side wall of the combustion chamber, and oxygen is introduced from the side of the pyrolysis layer. In this case, when oxygen is introduced, the material may fall unevenly from the top, which may cause burning out. Once burned out, oxygen and combustible gas will mix in the lower part of the pyrolysis layer in the furnace, which will create a risk of explosion. Even if there is an explosion-proof valve, the combustion will be unstable due to deflagration. In addition, this setting will cause the position of the pyrolysis layer in the combustion chamber to remain fixed. If the pyrolysis layer is operated in the same position for a long time, the combustion chamber and the grate will be more easily burned out, affecting the service life of the equipment.

[0005] The above information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background technology of the technology described in this article. Therefore, the background technology may contain certain information that does not form the prior art known in this country to those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the defects of the prior art mentioned above, the present invention proposes an upward oxygen-feeding biomass burner.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The invention comprises a furnace body, a combustion chamber arranged at the upper part of the furnace body, a grate filter chamber and a gravity dust removal chamber arranged in the middle part of the furnace body, and a slag outlet arranged at the lower part of the furnace body. When biomass burns in the combustion chamber, a pyrolysis layer is formed. The combustion chamber is provided with an oxygen inlet above the pyrolysis layer, and oxygen is always supplied from above the pyrolysis layer. The slag outlet is provided with a slag valve, and the slag discharge speed and time are controlled by the grate and the slag valve, and the pyrolysis layer is controlled to move up and down in coordination with the supply of oxygen from above the pyrolysis layer.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the oxygen inlet is arranged at the top or top side of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen inlet is connected to a feeding mechanism; the filter chamber contains carbon slag dropped after pyrolysis and combustion, which is used to filter tar and large particles of impurities in the combustible gas; the side wall of the gravity dust removal chamber is provided with an air supply port, and the air supply port is connected to an induced draft fan and an air supply pipe, and the slag outlet is connected to a slag discharge pipe, and a slag discharge valve for controlling the slag discharge speed is arranged on the slag discharge pipe. The combustible gas and carbon slag are separated in the gravity dust removal chamber, and the combustible gas is discharged through the air supply pipe, and the carbon slag is discharged through the slag discharge pipe.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, a grate is provided at the connection between the combustion chamber and the gravity dust removal chamber, and a slag discharge port is provided on the grate. As a further solution of the present invention, the filter chamber is a cone-shaped body with a large top and a small bottom, and the gravity dust removal chamber is a rectangular box. It should be noted that the cone is only one of the preferred shapes of the filter chamber, and those skilled in the art can also make conventional design replacements for its shape according to needs, such as replacing it with a straight cylinder or other shapes.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the cone is a cone ring that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, the top of the cone ring is fixed on the top wall of the gravity dust removal chamber, and the diameter of the opening above the cone ring is larger than the diameter of the combustion chamber.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the inner side of the filter chamber is the area where carbon slag and combustible gas mix and fall, the lower side of the filter chamber is the area where carbon slag and combustible gas are separated, and the cavity formed by the outer side of the filter chamber and the inner wall of the gravity dust removal chamber is the area where combustible gas is output. As a further solution of the present invention, a slag discharge valve for controlling the slag discharge speed is arranged on the slag discharge pipe. As a further solution of the present invention, the slag discharge speed and time are controlled by the slag discharge valve and the grate, thereby adjusting the position of the pyrolysis layer in the combustion chamber. It should be noted that the slag discharge valve can be electrically controlled, gas controlled or manually operated, all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the slag discharge time increases and the pyrolysis layer moves downward; the slag discharge time decreases and the pyrolysis layer moves upward.

[0013] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) Temperature control and explosion prevention: The combustion chamber is designed to be open at the top. By introducing oxygen and feeding materials on the upper side of the pyrolysis layer, the risk of explosion of the traditional sealed combustion chamber can be avoided. In addition, the control of the slag discharge speed and time can realize the control and adjustment of the position of the pyrolysis layer, thereby avoiding the side wall burning caused by high temperature and improving the safety and service life of the equipment.

[0014] 2) The oxygen intake method above the combustion chamber can also achieve uniform oxygen entry from the fuel gap, and combined with the negative pressure environment provided by the fan, it can promote the material to fall downward and prevent material jamming.

[0015] 3) The filter chamber in the middle of the furnace body is composed of carbon slag after pyrolysis in the combustion chamber. The carbon slag layer formed by the carbon slag can be used to filter out tar and large particle impurities in the combustible gas, thereby improving the purity of the combustible gas.

[0016] 4) The design of the upward oxygen burner ensures that the biomass will not burn out during the combustion process in the combustion chamber. It can be gasified more fully, improving the combustion efficiency and thus improving the overall heat energy conversion efficiency.

[0017] 5) The design of the gravity dust removal chamber helps to effectively separate the ash and combustible gas, reduce the impact of ash on combustion efficiency, and facilitate the collection and treatment of ash, thereby optimizing ash treatment.

[0018] 6) The slag outlet design replaces the carbon slag in the filter chamber while discharging the slag. The setting of the slag outlet valve can flexibly adjust the slag discharge speed, thereby adjusting the position of the pyrolysis layer according to actual working conditions to meet the needs of different loads and fuel characteristics.

[0019] 7) The present invention realizes efficient combustion of biomass, converts biomass into combustible gas, and produces smokeless and dust-free combustion, which meets modern environmental protection requirements and promotes the sustainable development of bioenergy.

[0020] 8) The overall structure of the device is simple, but the functions are powerful. The filter chamber uses the carbon slag produced by its own combustion to filter tar and large particles of impurities in the gas, and replaces the filter material at the same time as the carbon is discharged; the gravity dust removal chamber can effectively utilize the gravity separation principle to improve the separation efficiency of gas and solids, protect the normal use of the subsequent fan, and enhance the performance of the overall equipment.

[0021] 9) The present invention can meet the combustion requirements of all dry biomass fuels, including straw, wood chips, various dry cow dung and sheep dung, etc., and has strong versatility.

[0022] Through the above technical improvements, the upward oxygen-intake biomass burner of the present invention, compared with the existing device, can use the carbon slag produced by the combustion of the equipment itself as filter material on the basis of a simplified structure. The filter material is replaced while the slag is discharged, which further improves the working efficiency of the equipment and reduces the equipment maintenance cost. At the same time, it helps to promote the widespread application and promotion of biomass energy, which is of great significance to the realization of green energy transformation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of an upward oxygen-feeding biomass burner in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative changes belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0025] The present embodiment provides an oxygen-assisted biomass burner, which is widely applicable to the efficient utilization of biomass energy, such as wood chip pellets, agricultural waste, food processing residues, etc. It can effectively reduce environmental pollution, improve energy utilization efficiency, and has good economic and social benefits.

[0026] See also Figure 1 , its specific structure includes: A furnace body 1, a combustion chamber 2 arranged at the upper part of the furnace body 1, a filter chamber 8 arranged at the middle part of the furnace body, a gravity dust removal chamber 3 arranged at the lower part of the furnace body 1, and a slag outlet 4 arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1; The furnace body 1 is a vertical hollow structure made of high temperature resistant metal. The outer surface of the furnace body 1 is sprayed with a corrosion resistant coating to enhance its durability. The outside of the furnace body 1 is coated with a high-efficiency insulation material, which can effectively reduce heat loss and improve energy efficiency. The bottom side of the furnace body 1 is also provided with legs (not shown) for support.

[0027] The combustion chamber 2 is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the top. The diameter and height are optimized according to the actual demand and the characteristics of the biomass material to ensure full combustion. The opening is connected to a feeding mechanism, which usually adopts a belt feeder or a dragon feeder. The biomass material and oxygen are fed into the combustion chamber 2 from the top opening to make it burn in the combustion chamber 2 and undergo pyrolysis and gasification. Under high temperature conditions, the organic matter pyrolyzes to produce combustible gas 12, and this process releases a large amount of combustible gas. For example, the carbon element in the wood is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen; the waste carbon slag and the combustible gas produced by the combustion enter the filter chamber gravity dust removal chamber 3 downward under the action of air pressure and gravity; in this scheme, the filter chamber 8 is located in the middle of the furnace body 1, in which the carbon slag produced by the combustion is contained. The combustible gas passes downward through the filter chamber 8 under the action of the induced draft fan, and the carbon slag absorbs and filters the tar and large particle impurities in the combustible gas to improve the purity of the combustible gas.

[0028] Furthermore, the filter chamber 8 is a cone that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, and the width of the bottom gradually shrinks. The cone is a cone ring that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The top of the cone ring is fixed on the top wall of the gravity dust removal chamber, and the opening diameter above the cone ring is larger than the diameter of the combustion chamber.

[0029] It should be noted that the cone is only one of the preferred shapes of the filter chamber, and those skilled in the art can also make conventional design replacements for its shape according to needs, such as replacing it with a straight cylinder or other shapes.

[0030] The gravity dust removal chamber 3 is located at the lower part of the furnace body 1, and the carbon slag and combustible gas are discharged from the lower opening of the conical ring. As the space between the conical ring and the side wall of the gravity dust removal chamber becomes larger, the flow rate of the combustible gas is slowed down, and the kinetic energy of the airflow is effectively used to promote the separation and flow of the combustible gas 12. A plurality of air supply ports 5 are arranged on the side wall 3, and an external fan 9 and an air supply pipe 11 are connected. Through the negative pressure of the fan 9, the combustible gas 12 generated by the combustion is sucked into the air supply pipe, and the carbon slag is discharged from the slag outlet under the action of gravity. Through this design, efficient separation of combustible gas and carbon slag is achieved.

[0031] A slag outlet 4 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1, connected to a slag outlet pipe 10, and a slag outlet valve is used to adjust the slag outlet speed. The slag outlet valve 6 can be automatically adjusted by the PLC system to ensure that the slag 13 is discharged smoothly under the action of gravity.

[0032] It should be noted that the slag discharge valve may be an electrically controlled valve or a pneumatic valve, or a hand-operated valve, all of which are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Furthermore, for safety reasons, a detachable cover is provided at the top opening of the combustion chamber. The cover can be removed during use without affecting the normal use of the equipment. When the equipment is out of use, the cover can be installed on the top of the combustion chamber to prevent oxygen and impurities from entering the combustion chamber.

[0034] As is known, the device also includes an intelligent control system: the system includes a material level controller, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor, etc., which monitors the working status in the combustion chamber 2 in real time. All data are processed and fed back through a PLC control unit. And it includes an operation interface: the user can view real-time data, adjust operating parameters, set alarm values, etc. through a touch screen interface to ensure the convenience and safety of operation.

[0035] There are also safety protection measures, as follows: Temperature monitoring and alarm: Multiple temperature sensors are set inside the combustion chamber 2 and the gravity dust removal chamber 3. When the temperature exceeds the limit, the system will send out an alarm and automatically adjust the working status of the feeding and induced draft fans.

[0036] It should be noted that the combustible gas can be used for a variety of purposes after being output from the gas delivery pipe, and is suitable for a variety of heating equipment, such as electroplating plant drying lines, ovens, boilers, die-casting machines, industrial furnaces, drying equipment, etc., which can achieve energy-saving transformation and environmental protection benefits. The carbon slag 13 after combustion is discharged through the slag discharge pipe 10 and can be used as fertilizer or regenerated material after treatment, thereby reducing waste emissions.

[0037] The belt feeder has adjustable bandwidth and speed. The feeder is equipped with a sensor level meter to monitor the feeding speed and material level in real time, and automatically adjust it through the PLC control system. The feeder control system can be linked with the temperature, pressure and other data of the combustion chamber 2 to ensure continuous supply of materials under the best conditions.

[0038] The external fan 9 adjusts the wind speed through the frequency converter to meet the different demands for oxygen in the combustion chamber 2. The oxygen flow rate can be adjusted in real time according to the actual combustion situation to ensure complete gasification and improve combustion efficiency.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, a grate 7 is provided at the connection between the combustion chamber 2 and the gravity dust removal chamber 3. The grate 7 serves as the main isolation structure between the combustion chamber 2 and the gravity dust removal chamber 3, and can effectively support the biomass fuel so that it maintains a stable distribution during the combustion process. When in use, its own rotation can be controlled to ensure the passability of the carbon slag.

[0040] Furthermore, the grate 7 is provided with a slag discharge port. The slag discharge port is used to discharge the slag produced during the combustion process to ensure that the pyrolysis layer in the combustion chamber 2 always maintains an appropriate height. The position of the pyrolysis layer and the height of the carbon slag in the filter chamber can be adjusted through the grate and the slag discharge device.

[0041] The shape design in the gravity dust removal chamber allows gas to enter from a small opening to a large opening, which helps the rapid diffusion of the combustible gas 12 and reduces the flow rate. The weight of the carbon dust is greater than that of the combustible gas.

[0042] This design effectively utilizes the difference in gravity to separate the ash from the combustible gas.

[0043] The ash is forced to sink due to gravity, while the combustible gas is lighter and can flow upward through the gas outlet pipe, forming an efficient separation effect. The cavity formed by the outer side of the filter chamber and the inner wall of the gravity dust removal chamber 3 serves as the output area of ​​the combustible gas, ensuring that the combustible gas 12 can be smoothly discharged after separation, reducing retention and backflow, and improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0044] The technical effects achieved in this implementation are as follows: Improve combustion efficiency: By effectively separating the ash from the combustible gas 12, the purity of the combustible gas 12 is ensured, and the influence of the ash on the combustion is reduced, thereby improving the combustion efficiency. This simple and efficient separation mechanism can significantly improve the heat energy conversion rate, so that the equipment can generate more effective heat energy under the same fuel consumption.

[0045] Reduce emission pollution: Efficient ash separation not only improves the quality of combustible gas, but also reduces the interference of ash on the combustion process and reduces the emission of harmful gases, thus achieving a more environmentally friendly combustion process in line with modern environmental protection standards. Extending the service life of equipment: Since the furnace ash is effectively separated and cleaned regularly, the accumulation of ash in the combustion chamber 2 and the gravity dust removal chamber 3 is prevented, and the risk of blockage is reduced, thereby extending the service life of the equipment and reducing maintenance costs.

[0046] Optimize operational stability: The filter chamber design effectively enhances the gas quality and operational stability of the system, and can discharge slag through the slag outlet, which is equivalent to replacing the filter material and reducing the system maintenance cost. It ensures that the equipment can maintain good performance under various working conditions and improves the overall stability of the system: In a specific embodiment, the position of the pyrolysis layer in the combustion chamber 2 is adjusted by controlling the furnace slag discharge valve speed and time. When the slag discharge speed increases, the pyrolysis layer moves downward; when the slag discharge speed decreases, the pyrolysis layer moves upward.

[0047] Specifically, this principle can be explained from the following aspects: The concept of pyrolysis layer The pyrolysis layer refers to the area formed when solid fuels such as wood undergo decomposition under high temperature during the combustion process. In this layer, the fuel begins to undergo pyrolysis reaction, releasing combustible gas 12 and forming carbon slag. The position of the pyrolysis layer directly affects the gas quality, so it is crucial to control the position of the pyrolysis layer through the carbon output speed in the upper oxygen feeding method to optimize the combustion process.

[0048] Relationship between slag discharge speed and pyrolysis layer position When the slag valve and the grate are opened, the charcoal slag will be discharged from the combustion chamber 2. This means that the charcoal slag in the combustion chamber 2 is reduced, causing the pyrolysis layer to move downward, forming a pyrolysis layer at a lower position.

[0049] When the grate and the slag discharge valve are closed or the slag discharge speed is reduced, the discharge speed of the carbon slag is reduced, and the position of the pyrolysis layer will slowly move upwards and burn.

[0050] By adjusting the grate and the slag valve, the slag discharge speed can be dynamically controlled. The operator can adjust the valve opening speed in time according to the real-time monitoring of the combustion state and the position of the pyrolysis layer, thereby optimizing the combustion process.

[0051] This mechanism of oxygen inlet above the pyrolysis layer affects the position of the pyrolysis layer by adjusting the grate and the slag valve, which has the following advantages: Avoid burning out and deflagration of the pyrolysis layer, and improve combustion efficiency: by controlling the position of the pyrolysis layer, more combustible gas 12 is generated and utilized. And avoid the side wall burning caused by the pyrolysis layer being fixed for a long time, and improve the safety and service life of the equipment.

[0052] Reduce emissions: Optimize the combustion process, reduce the generation of unburned gases and harmful substances, and meet environmental protection standards.

[0053] Enhanced system stability: Ability to quickly respond to changes in combustion conditions, allowing the system to maintain stable operation under different load and fuel conditions.

[0054] In summary, the method of introducing oxygen above the pyrolysis layer of the furnace body can adjust the slag discharge speed by controlling the grate and the slag discharge valve, thereby affecting the position of the pyrolysis layer in the combustion chamber 2. It is an effective combustion control method that can significantly improve the operating efficiency and safety of the system.

[0055] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An oxygen-intake biomass burner, comprising a furnace body, a combustion chamber arranged at the upper part of the furnace body, a grate, a filter chamber and a gravity dust removal chamber arranged in the middle of the furnace body, and a slag outlet arranged at the lower part of the furnace body, characterized in that: When biomass burns inside the combustion chamber, a pyrolysis layer is formed. An oxygen inlet is provided on the top of the combustion chamber to allow oxygen to enter from above the pyrolysis layer. A slag outlet is provided with a slag valve to control the slag outlet speed and time and to coordinate with the oxygen intake from above the pyrolysis layer to control the up and down movement of the pyrolysis layer.

2. The upward oxygen-feeding biomass burner according to claim 1, characterized in that The oxygen inlet is arranged at the top or top side of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen inlet is externally connected to a feeding mechanism; the filter chamber contains carbon slag after pyrolysis and combustion, which is used to filter tar and large particle impurities in the combustible gas; the side wall of the gravity dust removal chamber is provided with an air supply port, and the air supply port is externally connected to an induced draft fan and an air supply pipe, and the slag outlet is externally connected to a slag discharge pipe, and the slag discharge pipe is provided with a slag discharge valve for controlling the slag discharge speed, and the combustible gas and carbon slag are separated in the gravity dust removal chamber, and the gas is discharged through the air supply pipe, and the carbon slag is discharged through the slag discharge pipe.

3. The upward oxygen-feeding biomass burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: A grate is arranged at the connection between the combustion chamber and the gravity dust removal chamber, and a slag discharge port is arranged on the grate.

4. The upward oxygen-feeding biomass burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter chamber is a conical ring that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The top of the conical ring is fixed on the top wall of the gravity dust removal chamber. The diameter of the oxygen inlet above the conical ring is larger than the diameter of the combustion chamber.

5. The upward oxygen-feeding biomass burner according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner side of the conical ring is the area for ash and combustible gas to mix and fall, the lower side of the conical ring is the area where ash and combustible gas are separated, and the annular cavity formed by the outer side of the conical ring and the inner wall of the gravity dust removal chamber is the area for combustible gas output.

6. The upward oxygen-feeding biomass burner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slag discharge speed and time are controlled by the grate and the slag discharge valve, thereby adjusting the position of the pyrolysis layer and the thickness of the carbon slag filter material in the filter chamber.

7. The upward oxygen-feeding biomass burner according to claim 7, characterized in that: As the slag discharge speed and time increase, the pyrolysis layer moves downward; as the slag discharge speed and time decrease, the pyrolysis layer moves upward.

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