Air-cooled type pemfc low hydrogen consumption anode sweep gas recycling system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of low hydrogen consumption anode scavenging and recycling systems of air-cooled PEMFC and control method thereof, belong to anode closed air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell exhaust gas technology field.The scavenging and recycling system of the application includes first pressure sensor, first electromagnetic valve, intake pipe, exhaust pipe, second pressure sensor, anode rear end water gas management device, voltage sensor, intake pipe is communicated with the air source and battery air inlet, first pressure sensor, first electromagnetic valve are installed on intake pipe, exhaust pipe is communicated with the battery air outlet and anode rear end water gas management device, second pressure sensor is installed on exhaust pipe, the rear end of anode rear end water gas management device has exhaust gas path for discharging device gas, third electromagnetic valve is installed on exhaust gas path.The application collects and reuses the residual gas of anode reaction discharged, realizes two-way air intake while reducing hydrogen waste, reduces hydrogen consumption and improves battery internal water distribution uniformity, improves battery life.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of anode closed air-cooled type cathode open proton exchange membrane fuel cell exhaust and intake, and relates to an air-cooled type PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode scavenging and recycling system and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) uses an ion-conducting polymer membrane as an electrolyte, which is an electrochemical device that generates water by catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen gas at the anode into protons and electrons, with the protons reaching the cathode through the proton exchange membrane and the electrons reaching the cathode through an external circuit. The electrons and protons are catalyzed by the cathode catalyst to generate water, also known as a stack. The anode closed air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a simple structure, light weight, and low operating noise, and is often used as the energy source for unmanned aerial vehicles and portable equipment.

[0003] For a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, water molecules are needed as carriers during the process of protons passing through the membrane to reach the cathode, so the exchange membrane needs to have a certain degree of humidity. During the operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, hydrogen gas is used, resulting in a high concentration of hydrogen gas in the remaining gas of the anode reaction. In addition, during the long-term operation of the fuel cell, water flooding will occur near the outlet end of the anode, causing the flow channel to be blocked. Therefore, regular drainage is necessary to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell. However, during the drainage process, hydrogen gas will be discharged into the air, which not only wastes hydrogen gas but also poses an explosion and fire hazard.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an air-cooled type PEMFC low hydrogen consumption anode scavenging and recycling system and a control method thereof to reuse the hydrogen gas discharged from the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, thereby reducing hydrogen consumption, improving hydrogen utilization, and avoiding waste and safety hazards caused by hydrogen discharge. SUMMARY

[0005] To overcome the problems in the background art, the application collects the gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell and separates the hydrogen gas and water in the gas, so that the hydrogen gas in the discharged gas reenters the anode flow channel to participate in the reaction, effectively alleviating hydrogen waste while achieving bidirectional gas intake, reducing hydrogen consumption, improving the uniformity of water distribution inside the stack, and prolonging the service life of the stack.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application realizes the following technical solutions:

[0007] The application discloses a low-hydrogen-consumption anode sweep gas recycling system of an air-cooled PEMFC, and the sweep gas recycling system comprises a first pressure sensor 1, a first electromagnetic valve 2, an air inlet pipe 3, an air outlet pipe 7, a second pressure sensor 8, an anode rear-end water-gas management device 9 and a voltage sensor, one end of the air inlet pipe 3 is communicated with a gas source, the other end of the air inlet pipe 3 is communicated with an anode flow channel air inlet 4 of a fuel cell 5, the first pressure sensor 1 and the first electromagnetic valve 2 are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe 3 in the gas flow direction, one end of the air outlet pipe 7 is communicated with an anode flow channel air outlet 6 of the fuel cell 5, the other end of the air outlet pipe 7 is communicated with the anode rear-end water-gas management device 9, the second pressure sensor 8 is arranged on the air outlet pipe 7, a rear end of the anode rear-end water-gas management device 9 is provided with an air outlet path for discharging gas in the anode rear-end water-gas management device 9, a third electromagnetic valve 10 is arranged on the air outlet path, the first pressure sensor 1, the first electromagnetic valve 2, the second pressure sensor 8 and the third electromagnetic valve 10 are in communication connection with an upper computer, the fuel cell 5 is in communication connection with the voltage sensor, and the voltage sensor is in communication connection with the upper computer.

[0008] Preferably, the anode rear-end water-gas management device 9 comprises a box body 901 and a baffle 902, the air outlet pipe 7 is communicated with the box body 901, and the baffle 902 is fixedly arranged in the box body 901 and located on a gas running path from the air outlet pipe 7 to the box body 901.

[0009] Preferably, a liquid discharge port 903 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 901, a second electromagnetic valve 904 is arranged at the liquid discharge port 903, a liquid level meter 905 is arranged in the box body 901, the liquid level meter 905 is in communication connection with the upper computer, and the upper computer is in communication connection with the second electromagnetic valve 904.

[0010] The application further discloses a control method of the sweep gas recycling system.

[0011] S1: opening the gas source, opening the first electromagnetic valve 2, adjusting the gas flow of the gas source, making the gas pressure in the air inlet pipe 3 reach the operation condition of the fuel cell 5, and making the fuel cell 5 normally operate;

[0012] S2: in the step S1, the fuel cell 5 voltage decays after a period of time T, when the fuel cell 5 voltage decays to 95% of the normal working voltage, the host computer controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to close, the first electromagnetic valve 2 keeps closed until P1-P8=5KPa, wherein P1 is the pressure detected by the first pressure sensor 1, unit: KPa, P8 is the pressure detected by the second pressure sensor 8, unit: KPa, the host computer controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to open, the host computer controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to close and open in turn until the fuel cell 5 completes the work. The voltage sensor monitors the fuel cell 5 voltage in real time and transmits the signal to the host computer, and the normal working voltage of the fuel cell 5 is usually a constant, which can be preset in the host computer. The host computer receives the voltage signal transmitted by the voltage sensor and compares it with the normal working voltage, that is, the decay rate of the fuel cell 5 voltage can be obtained, when the comparison result of the host computer is 95%, the host computer controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to close; the first pressure sensor 1 and the second pressure sensor 8 also transmit the monitored pressure signal to the host computer in real time. After the host computer receives the pressure signal transmitted by the first pressure sensor 1 and the second pressure sensor 8, it can judge the difference between the two pressure values, when the difference is 5KPa, the host computer controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to reopen, after the first electromagnetic valve 2 reopens, the fuel cell 5 continues to work at normal working voltage, after a period of time, the voltage decays, and the host computer controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to close again, forming a cycle.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0014] 1. The anode rear-end water gas management device separates the reaction residual gas discharged from the fuel cell anode, so as to obtain hydrogen and water, the water can be discharged from the anode rear-end water gas management device, and the hydrogen can be returned to the fuel cell for reuse, thereby reducing hydrogen consumption and improving hydrogen utilization.

[0015] 2. The hydrogen separated by the anode rear-end water gas management device is returned to the fuel cell for reuse, which can bring the water originally accumulated below the fuel cell to the upper part of the fuel cell, wet the upper end proton exchange membrane, make the wetting of the proton membranes at the upper and lower ends of the fuel cell more uniform, and be beneficial to improving the working performance of the fuel cell.

[0016] 3. The present application has simple structure and mature control, no circulation, and does not need to use circulating pump, thereby reducing system complexity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the scavenging and recycling system of the application;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of the anode rear-end water gas management device of the application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the voltage change test results between Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the voltage change test results of Embodiments 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the voltage change test results of Embodiments 5-8 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of hydrogen flow rates between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of hydrogen consumption between Examples 1-8 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure, 1-first pressure sensor, 2-first solenoid valve, 3-inlet pipe, 4-anode flow channel inlet, 5-fuel cell, 6-anode flow channel outlet, 7-outlet pipe, 8-second pressure sensor, 9-anode back-end water vapor management device, 901-box, 902-baffle, 903-drain outlet, 904-second solenoid valve, 905-level gauge, 10-third solenoid valve. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0026] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the scavenging and regeneration system includes a first pressure sensor 1, a first solenoid valve 2, an inlet pipe 3, an outlet pipe 7, a second pressure sensor 8, an anode-end water-gas management device 9, and a voltage sensor. One end of the inlet pipe 3 is connected to a gas source, and the other end is connected to the anode flow channel inlet 4 of the fuel cell 5. The first pressure sensor 1 and the first solenoid valve 2 are installed sequentially on the inlet pipe 3 according to the gas flow direction. One end of the outlet pipe 7 is connected to the anode flow channel outlet 6 of the fuel cell 5, and the other end is connected to the anode-end water-gas management device 9. The second pressure sensor 8 is installed on the outlet pipe 7. The rear end of the anode-end water-gas management device 9 is provided with an outlet path for discharging gas from the water-gas management device 9. A third solenoid valve 10 is installed on the outlet path. The first pressure sensor 1, the first solenoid valve 2, the second pressure sensor 8, and the third solenoid valve 10 are all communicatively connected to a host computer. The fuel cell 5 is communicatively connected to the voltage sensor, and the voltage sensor is communicatively connected to the host computer.

[0027] When the fuel cell 5 works normally, the first electromagnetic valve 2 keeps open, the gas hydrogen output by the gas source is delivered to the anode flow channel inlet 4 through the gas inlet pipe 3, and enters the fuel cell 5 through the anode flow channel inlet 4 to participate in the reaction, and the reaction remaining gas in the fuel cell 5 is discharged through the anode flow channel outlet 6 and enters the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9 through the gas outlet pipe 7. Since a certain amount of water is generated in the working process of the fuel cell 5, part of the water is carried in the reaction remaining gas. After the reaction remaining gas enters the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9, the water and gas are separated. Since the hydrogen has a small density, it will float at the top of the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9, and the water will fall to the bottom of the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9. After the fuel cell 5 works normally for a period of time, the first electromagnetic valve 2 is closed. At this time, there is residual hydrogen in the gas inlet pipe 3 between the first electromagnetic valve 2 and the anode flow channel inlet 4, residual reaction remaining gas in the gas outlet pipe 7, and a certain amount of hydrogen reserved in the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9. Therefore, after the first electromagnetic valve 2 is closed, the hydrogen gas supply from the gas source is cut off, and the fuel cell 5 consumes the hydrogen in the gas inlet pipe 3, the gas outlet pipe 7 and the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9, so that the hydrogen gas output by the gas source is not consumed during this period of time, thereby reducing the hydrogen consumption. After the first electromagnetic valve 2 is closed for a period of time, the hydrogen in the gas inlet pipe 3, the gas outlet pipe 7 and the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9 is consumed and reduced, and the first electromagnetic valve 2 needs to be reopened to restore the hydrogen supply from the gas source to the fuel cell 5, so that the fuel cell 5 can continue to work normally. In the normal working state of the fuel cell, the gas inlet pipe 3 is in a pass-through state, and the hydrogen pressure in the gas inlet pipe 3, the gas outlet pipe 7 and the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9 is consistent. When the first electromagnetic valve 2 is closed, the fuel cell 5 consumes the hydrogen in the gas inlet pipe 3, the gas outlet pipe 7 and the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9, causing a gas pressure difference on both sides of the first electromagnetic valve 2. At this time, the first electromagnetic valve 2 is opened, and under the action of the pressure difference, the water in the anode flow channel of the fuel cell 5 is blown into the anode rear-end water and gas management device for separation and storage. In this way, the system completes the water drainage operation and hydrogen recycling function.

[0028] During the normal working process of the fuel cell 5, hydrogen enters the fuel cell 5 from the anode flow channel inlet 4, and the reaction remaining gas is discharged from the anode flow channel outlet 6 to the anode rear-end water and gas management device 9 through the gas outlet pipe 7. Figure 1For example, the direction of the movement of the reaction residual gas in the fuel cell 5 is from top to bottom. Due to the flow of the reaction residual gas in the fuel cell 5, part of the water is carried by the reaction residual gas, so that the water permeated into the anode in the anode flow channel above the fuel cell 5 is carried to the bottom of the fuel cell 5 by the reaction residual gas, resulting in that the wetting of the proton exchange membrane at the upper end is lower than that at the lower end, causing the non-uniformity of the overall current density of the fuel cell 5, affecting the normal work of the fuel cell 5. In the continuous working state of the fuel cell 5, the water permeated into the anode in the anode flow channel above the fuel cell 5 is continuously carried to the lower part, resulting in that the non-uniformity of the wetting of the proton exchange membrane becomes worse and worse. When the first electromagnetic valve 2 is closed, the hydrogen in the anode rear water and gas management device 9 is reversely transported through the gas outlet pipe 7 and enters the fuel cell 5 through the anode flow channel gas outlet 6. The gas in the gas outlet pipe 7 enters the fuel cell 5 through the anode flow channel gas outlet 6, so that the hydrogen can carry the water originally accumulated at the bottom of the fuel cell 5 to the upper part of the fuel cell 5 to wet the upper proton exchange membrane, so as to avoid the continuous increase of the non-uniformity of the wetting of the upper and lower proton exchange membranes and ensure the long-time working performance of the fuel cell 5. During the closing time of the first electromagnetic valve 2, the fuel cell 5 continuously consumes the hydrogen in the gas outlet pipe 7, resulting in the decrease of the concentration and pressure of the hydrogen in the gas outlet pipe 7, but the concentration and pressure of the hydrogen in the anode rear water and gas management device 9 are relatively large, so that the hydrogen flows from the anode rear water and gas device 9 to the place with low potential, so that the fuel cell 5 can maintain the original power and normally work.

[0029] The third electromagnetic valve 10 is controlled to be opened to discharge the gas in the anode rear water and gas management device 9. In the normal working condition, the third electromagnetic valve 10 is kept in the closed state. After the fuel cell 5 is completely worked, the third electromagnetic valve 10 is controlled to be opened to discharge the gas in the water and gas management device 9, so as to facilitate the normal use next time. If the gas in the water and gas management device 9 is accumulated too much, the third electromagnetic valve 10 can also be controlled to be opened to discharge part of the hydrogen.

[0030] The anode rear water and gas management device 9 comprises a box body 901 and a baffle 902. The gas outlet pipe 7 is communicated with the box body 901. The baffle 902 is fixedly installed in the box body 901 and located on the route of the gas flowing from the gas outlet pipe 7 into the box body 901.

[0031] When the reaction residual gas flows from the gas outlet pipe 7 into the box body 901, the reaction residual gas impacts the baffle 902 to realize water and gas separation.

[0032] A liquid discharge port 903 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 901. A second electromagnetic valve 904 is arranged at the liquid discharge port 903. A liquid level meter 905 is arranged in the box body 901. The liquid level meter 905 is communicated with an upper computer. The upper computer is communicated with the second electromagnetic valve 904.

[0033] Because the liquid surface accumulated in the box 901 cannot submerge the connection between the gas outlet pipe 7 and the box 901, otherwise it will affect the normal work of the gas outlet pipe 7, therefore, when a certain liquid is accumulated in the box 901, the liquid needs to be discharged, the liquid level meter 905 can detect the liquid surface position in the box 901 in real time, when the liquid level meter 905 detects that the liquid surface in the box 901 reaches a certain height, this signal is transmitted to the upper computer through the liquid level meter 905, after the upper computer receives the signal, the second electromagnetic valve 904 is controlled to open for drainage, after drainage, the liquid surface drops, when the liquid level meter 905 does not detect liquid, this signal is transmitted to the upper computer, after the upper computer receives the signal, the second electromagnetic valve 904 is controlled to close.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment uses the above-mentioned scavenging system for experiment, which is carried out according to the following steps:

[0036] First, open the first electromagnetic valve 2, then open the valve on the branch pipeline connected to the hydrogen source, and open the hydrogen source, monitor the pressure in the gas inlet pipe 3 through the first pressure sensor 1, adjust the hydrogen source gas flow, so that the pressure in the gas inlet pipe 3 is 50 KPa, after the fuel cell 5 works for 20 s (T=20 s), close the first electromagnetic valve 2, the closing time is s=3 s, then open the first electromagnetic valve 2 again, after 20 s, close the first electromagnetic valve 2 again, keep closed for 3 s, repeat the cycle, measure the voltage change in the process of loading the fuel cell 5 from 0 A to 3.2 A and running for 5 min, and then reducing to 0 A again, the results are shown in Figure 3 、 4 After the current of the fuel cell 5 is loaded to 3.2 A, continuously monitor the hydrogen flow in the gas outlet pipe 7, the results are shown in Figure 6 . Record the total hydrogen consumption of the experiment, the results are shown in Figure 7 .

[0037] Example 2

[0038] This embodiment uses the same method as example 1 for experiment, s is 3 seconds, the difference is that T=18 s.

[0039] In the process of this embodiment experiment, the voltage change in the process of loading the fuel cell 5 from 0 A to 3.2 A and running for 5 min, and then reducing to 0 A again is measured, the results are shown in Figure 4 . Record the total hydrogen consumption of the experiment, the results are shown in Figure 7 .

[0040] Example 3

[0041] The experiment of this example was carried out in the same way as example 1, s was 3 seconds each time, the difference being that T = 16 seconds.

[0042] During the experiment of this example, the voltage change was measured when the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0 A to 3.2 A and ran for 5 min, and then was unloaded to 0 A again. The results are shown in Figure 4 The total hydrogen consumption during the experiment was recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 7

[0043] Example 4

[0044] The experiment of this example was carried out in the same way as example 1, s was 3 seconds each time, the difference being that T = 14 seconds.

[0045] During the experiment of this example, the voltage change was measured when the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0 A to 3.2 A and ran for 5 min, and then was unloaded to 0 A again. The results are shown in Figure 4 The total hydrogen consumption during the experiment was recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 7

[0046] Example 5

[0047] The experiment of this example was carried out in the same way as example 1, T was 20 seconds each time, the difference being that s = 2 seconds.

[0048] During the experiment of this example, the voltage change was measured when the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0 A to 3.2 A and ran for 5 min, and then was unloaded to 0 A again. The results are shown in Figure 5 The total hydrogen consumption during the experiment was recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 7

[0049] Example 6

[0050] The experiment of this example was carried out in the same way as example 2, T was 18 seconds each time, the difference being that s = 2 seconds.

[0051] During the experiment of this example, the voltage change was measured when the fuel cell 5 was loaded from 0 A to 3.2 A and ran for 5 min, and then was unloaded to 0 A again. The results are shown in Figure 5 The total hydrogen consumption during the experiment was recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 7

[0052] Example 7

[0053] The experiment of this example was carried out in the same way as example 3, T was 16 seconds each time, the difference being that s = 2 seconds.

[0054] ​​​​In the experiment of this example, the voltage change of fuel cell 5 was measured from 0A loading to 3.2A and running for 5 minutes, and then reducing to 0A again. The results are shown in Figure 5 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment was recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 7

[0055] Example 8

[0056] In this example, the same method as in Example 4 was used for the experiment, and T was 14 seconds. The difference was that s = 2s.

[0057] In the experiment of this example, the voltage change of fuel cell 5 was measured from 0A loading to 3.2A and running for 5 minutes, and then reducing to 0A again. The results are shown in Figure 5 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment was recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 7

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] In this comparative example, the fuel cell 5 was supplied with gas and exhaust in the conventional manner, i.e. after supplying the fuel cell 5 with gas for 20 seconds, the exhaust was discharged for 0.3 seconds. The voltage change of fuel cell 5 was measured from 0A loading to 3.2A and running for 5 minutes, and then reducing to 0A again. The results are shown in Figure 3 , 4 After the current of fuel cell 5 was loaded to 3.2A, the hydrogen flow of exhaust pipe 7 was continuously monitored, and the results are shown in Figure 6 The total hydrogen consumption of the experiment was recorded, and the results are shown in Figure 7

[0060] As can be seen from Figure 3 , 4 , the voltage change curve of fuel cell 5 during operation is relatively close to that of the examples and the comparative examples, indicating that the control method of the present application does not have a significant impact on the voltage of fuel cell 5, and the control method of the present application can ensure the normal operation of fuel cell 5.

[0061] As can be seen from Figure 6 In Comparative Example 1, the flow of anode hydrogen suddenly changes at the moment of exhaust, discharging more hydrogen into the air, and the flow of the entire flow passage changes frequently and greatly, which has a great impact on the entire system, causing a large amount of waste and exacerbating the damage to the pipeline. Under the control method of the present application, the flow change of hydrogen is small, and there is no exhaust of air, which completely saves hydrogen, reduces the impact on the pipeline, and increases the service life.

[0062] As can be seen from Figure 7 ​​​It can be seen that the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell 5 working under the control method of the present application (Examples 1-8) is 2192.9 ml, 2104.7 ml, 2133.4 ml, 2185.5 ml, 2198 ml, 2160.4 ml, 2135 ml, and 2161 ml, respectively, while the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell 5 in Comparative Example 1 is 4143.2 ml, which fully proves that the control method of the present application combined with the scavenging gas recycling system of the present application can effectively reduce the hydrogen consumption and improve the hydrogen utilization rate.

[0063] In summary, using the scavenging gas recycling system combined with the control method of the present application has a significant saving effect on hydrogen consumption on the basis of ensuring the normal operation of the fuel cell 5.

Claims

1. A control method for an air-cooled PEMFC low-hydrogen-consumption anode scavenging gas recovery system, characterized in that: The control method includes the following steps: S1: Open the gas source, open the first solenoid valve (2), and adjust the gas output flow rate of the gas source so that the gas pressure in the inlet pipe (3) reaches the operating conditions of the fuel cell (5) so that the fuel cell (5) can operate normally. S2: In step S1, after the fuel cell (5) runs for a period of time T, the voltage of the fuel cell (5) decreases. When the voltage of the fuel cell (5) decreases to 95% of the normal operating voltage, the host computer controls the first solenoid valve (2) to close. The first solenoid valve (2) remains closed until P1-P8=5KPa, where P1 is the pressure detected by the first pressure sensor (1) in KPa and P8 is the pressure detected by the second pressure sensor (8) in KPa. The host computer controls the first solenoid valve (2) to open. The host computer controls the first solenoid valve (2) to close and open in sequence until the fuel cell (5) completes its work. The scavenging and recirculation system includes a first pressure sensor (1), a first solenoid valve (2), an inlet pipe (3), an outlet pipe (7), a second pressure sensor (8), a water-gas management device at the anode end (9), and a voltage sensor. One end of the inlet pipe (3) is connected to a gas source, and the other end of the inlet pipe (3) is connected to the anode flow channel inlet (4) of the fuel cell (5). The first pressure sensor (1) and the first solenoid valve (2) are installed sequentially on the inlet pipe (3) according to the gas flow direction. One end of the outlet pipe (7) is connected to the anode flow channel outlet (6) of the fuel cell (5). The other end of the outlet pipe (7) is connected to the anode back-end water and gas management device (9). The second pressure sensor (8) is installed on the outlet pipe (7). The anode back-end water and gas management device (9) is provided with an outlet path for discharging the gas in the anode back-end water and gas management device (9). A third solenoid valve (10) is installed on the outlet path. The first pressure sensor (1), the first solenoid valve (2), the second pressure sensor (8), and the third solenoid valve (10) are all connected to the host computer. The fuel cell (5) is connected to the voltage sensor. The voltage sensor is connected to the host computer.

2. The air-cooled PEMFC low-hydrogen-consumption anode scavenging gas recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode back-end water and gas management device (9) includes a box (901) and a baffle (902). The gas outlet pipe (7) is connected to the box (901). The baffle (902) is fixedly installed inside the box (901) and is located on the gas travel path from the gas outlet pipe (7) into the box (901).

3. The air-cooled PEMFC low-hydrogen-consumption anode scavenging gas recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the box (901) is provided with a drain port (903), and a second solenoid valve (904) is installed at the drain port (903); a level gauge (905) is installed inside the box (901), the level gauge (905) is connected to the host computer, and the host computer is connected to the second solenoid valve (904).

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