Absorption column structure and carbon capture system having the same

Abstract

The application provides an absorption tower structure and a carbon capture system with the same, which comprises a tower body, a plurality of unit channels arranged in the tower body, each unit channel extending along the length direction of the tower body, and the plurality of unit channels being arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the tower body; the area of the cross section of each unit channel is arranged in a predetermined proportion in the radial direction of the tower body; a spraying assembly is arranged at the top of the unit channel, the spraying assembly is in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of spraying assemblies are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of unit channels; and an air inlet channel is arranged at the bottom of the tower body, and the air inlet channel is selectively communicated with one or more of the unit channels. The application solves the problem that the flue gas volume and the size of the absorption tower do not match in the prior art, leading to uneven gas-liquid distribution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of absorption tower technology, and more specifically, to an absorption tower structure and a carbon capture system having the same. Background Technology

[0002] Common absorption towers are mostly packed towers or plate towers. The shift gas enters from the middle and lower part of the tower and rises to contact the semi-lean liquid (amine liquid) in the middle of the tower in a countercurrent manner to complete the partial absorption of carbon dioxide. The residual carbon dioxide in the shift gas is then absorbed a second time in the upper part of the tower with the regenerated lean liquid (amine liquid).

[0003] However, the shift gas in this type of absorption tower flows through the entire flow surface of the tower body. To ensure good absorption effect, a larger size absorption tower is required. Moreover, impurities in the shift gas affect the total proportion of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the required semi-lean and lean absorbent circulation volume increases, which increases the energy consumption and cost of the pre-combustion carbon capture process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an absorption tower structure and a carbon capture system thereon to solve the problem of uneven gas-liquid distribution caused by the mismatch between flue gas volume and absorption tower size in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, an absorption tower structure is provided, comprising: a tower body; multiple unit channels disposed within the tower body, each unit channel extending along the length direction of the tower body, and the multiple unit channels being sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the tower body; with the radial direction of the tower body as the transverse direction, the cross-sectional areas of each unit channel are arranged in a predetermined ratio; spraying assemblies disposed at the top of the unit channels, the spraying assemblies being multiple sets, the multiple sets of spraying assemblies being arranged one-to-one with the multiple unit channels; and an air inlet channel disposed at the bottom of the tower body, the air inlet channel being selectively connected to one or more of the unit channels.

[0006] Furthermore, there are three unit channels, and the area ratio of the cross-sections of the three unit channels is 1:1.5:1.8.

[0007] Furthermore, there are at least three unit channels, and a smoke inlet is provided at the bottom of each unit channel. The absorption tower structure also includes: a switch assembly, which is provided at the smoke inlet. At least part of the switch assembly is movably provided to open or close the unit channel. There are multiple sets of switch assemblies, and multiple sets of switch assemblies are provided in one-to-one correspondence with multiple unit channels.

[0008] Furthermore, each switch assembly includes: a door panel, disposed at the smoke inlet, the door panel being rotatably disposed along a predetermined trajectory to block or avoid the smoke inlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the tower body is a cylindrical structure, and the absorption tower structure also includes: a partition plate, which is installed inside the tower body and extends along the length of the tower body. The partition plate is located between two adjacent unit channels; and a support column, with one side of each partition plate connected to the inner wall of the tower body and the other side of each partition plate connected to the support column.

[0010] Furthermore, the door panel is annular and has a retractable corrugated structure. The door panel is fitted onto the support column and is movably positioned relative to the support column. The door panel includes a first moving end and a second moving end positioned opposite each other along the circumferential direction. A guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the tower body, extending along the circumferential direction of the tower body. The switch assembly also includes: a driving component, disposed in the guide groove. There are two driving components, which are respectively connected to the first moving end and the second moving end of the door panel. The two driving components drive the first moving end and the second moving end to move along the circumferential direction of the tower body, so that one or more of the unit channels are opened or closed.

[0011] Furthermore, the support column is provided with a mounting groove, and at least part of the door panel is embedded in the mounting groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the absorption tower structure also includes: a partition plate, which is disposed within the tower body and extends along the length of the tower body, and is located between two adjacent unit channels; a support frame, which is disposed within the unit channel and is connected to the inner wall of the tower body and the partition plate respectively; and a packing component, which is disposed within the unit channel and located on the support frame.

[0013] Furthermore, each unit channel includes: a first channel segment and a second channel segment that are interconnected, the first channel segment and the second channel segment are arranged sequentially along the length of the tower body, a third channel segment is arranged between the first channel segment and the second channel segment, and a liquid distributor is arranged in the third channel segment.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a flue gas capture system is provided, including an absorption tower structure, wherein the absorption tower structure is the absorption tower structure described above.

[0015] According to the technical solution of this invention, the absorption tower structure includes a tower body, multiple unit channels, multiple sets of spray components, and an air inlet channel. The multiple unit channels are arranged within the tower body, extending along the length of the tower body and sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the tower body. With the radial direction of the tower body as the transverse direction, the cross-sectional areas of each unit channel are set in a predetermined ratio. Multiple sets of spray components are arranged at the top of the unit channels, corresponding one-to-one with each unit channel. The air inlet channel is located at the bottom of the tower body and can selectively connect to one or more unit channels. This arrangement allows for the selection of unit channels corresponding to the actual flow rate of the flue gas to connect with the air inlet channel, thereby ensuring the flow velocity of the flue gas within the corresponding unit channel. Simultaneously, the corresponding spray components are activated, resulting in a more uniform gas-liquid distribution and avoiding waste of the reaction liquid. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the absorption tower structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A top view of a unit channel is shown in a first embodiment of the absorption tower structure according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the door panel is shown in a first embodiment of the absorption tower structure according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the assembly of the door panel is shown in a first embodiment of the absorption tower structure according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the absorption tower structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 A top view of a unit channel is shown in a second embodiment of the absorption tower structure according to the present invention.

[0023] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0024] 1. Tower body; 2. Unit channel; 3. Spray assembly; 30. Spray head; 31. Liquid supply main pipe; 32. Spray branch pipe; 320. Control valve; 4. Air inlet channel; 20. Smoke inlet; 5. Switch assembly; 50. Door panel; 6. Divider plate; 7. Support column; 501. First moving end; 502. Second moving end; 10. Guide groove; 51. Drive component; 70. Mounting groove; 8. Support frame; 9. Packing component; 21. First channel section; 22. Second channel section; 23. Third channel section; 24. Liquid distributor. Detailed Implementation

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] As mentioned in the background section, most existing absorption towers are large in size, with the flue gas flowing through the tower at full flow. When the flue gas flow is small, the overflow speed inside the tower is slow, which reduces the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency. Furthermore, the flow rate of the sprayed reaction liquid is mismatched, resulting in uneven gas-liquid distribution and wasting reaction liquid. To address the aforementioned technical problems, the absorption tower structure provided by this invention includes multiple unit channels 2 within the tower body 1. Each unit channel 2 extends along the length of the tower body 1 and is arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1. The cross-sectional areas of each unit channel 2 are set in a predetermined ratio, resulting in different flow cross-sectional areas for each unit channel 2. The air inlet channel 4 can selectively connect to one or more unit channels 2. Multiple sets of spray components 3 are arranged one-to-one with the multiple unit channels 2. This allows the selection of unit channels 2 that match the actual flue gas flow rate for reaction. When the flue gas flow rate is low, the unit channel 2 with the smaller cross-sectional area can be selected to connect to the air inlet channel 4. This not only ensures the flow velocity of the flue gas within the corresponding unit channel 2 but also allows only the spray components 3 above the corresponding unit channel 2 to be activated, thus avoiding waste of the reaction liquid, resulting in a more uniform gas-liquid distribution and a more complete reaction.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 The present invention provides an absorption tower structure, comprising: a tower body 1; multiple unit channels 2 disposed within the tower body 1, each unit channel 2 extending along the length of the tower body 1, and the multiple unit channels 2 being arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1; with the radial direction of the tower body 1 as the transverse direction, the cross-sectional area of ​​each unit channel 2 is arranged in a predetermined ratio; a spray assembly 3 disposed at the top of the unit channels 2, the spray assembly 3 being multiple sets, the multiple sets of spray assemblies 3 being arranged one-to-one with the multiple unit channels 2; and an air inlet channel 4 disposed at the bottom of the tower body 1, the air inlet channel 4 being selectively connected to one or more of the unit channels 2.

[0028] The absorption tower structure provided by the present invention includes a tower body 1, multiple unit channels 2, multiple sets of spray assemblies 3, and an air inlet channel 4. The multiple unit channels 2 are disposed within the tower body 1, each extending along the length of the tower body 1, and are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1. With the radial direction of the tower body 1 as the transverse direction, the cross-sectional areas of each unit channel 2 are arranged in a predetermined ratio. The spray assemblies 3 are disposed at the top of the unit channels 2, and there are multiple sets of spray assemblies 3, each corresponding to one of the multiple unit channels 2. The air inlet channel 4 is disposed at the bottom of the tower body 1 and can selectively communicate with one or more of the unit channels 2. This arrangement allows for the selection of a unit channel 2 corresponding to the actual flow rate of the flue gas to communicate with the air inlet channel 4, thereby ensuring the flow rate of the flue gas within the corresponding unit channel 2. Simultaneously, the corresponding spray assembly 3 is activated, resulting in a more uniform gas-liquid distribution and avoiding waste of the reaction liquid.

[0029] In the first embodiment provided by the present invention, there are three unit channels 2, and the area ratio of the cross-sections of the three unit channels 2 is 1:1.5:1.8.

[0030] The absorption tower structure includes at least three unit channels 2, each with a flue gas inlet 20 at its bottom. The absorption tower also includes a switching assembly 5 located at the flue gas inlet 20. At least a portion of the switching assembly 5 is movably configured to open or close the unit channel 2. Multiple sets of switching assemblies 5 are configured, each corresponding to one of the unit channels 2. Each unit channel 2 is opened or closed by the switching assembly 5, allowing the air intake channel 4 to selectively connect to one or more unit channels 2. When the flue gas flow rate is high, at least two unit channels 2 can be opened simultaneously, along with the corresponding spray assembly 3, to ensure sufficient reaction between the flue gas and the sprayed reaction liquid.

[0031] Specifically, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, each switch assembly 5 includes: a door panel 50, which is disposed at the smoke inlet 20. The door panel 50 is rotatably disposed along a predetermined trajectory to block or avoid the smoke inlet 20.

[0032] In the specific implementation process, the tower body 1 is a cylindrical structure. The absorption tower structure also includes: partition plates 6, which are set inside the tower body 1 and extend along the length of the tower body 1, located between two adjacent unit channels 2; and support columns 7, with one side of each partition plate 6 connected to the inner wall of the tower body 1 and the other side of each partition plate 6 connected to the support column 7. Since the tower body 1 is a cylindrical structure, support columns 7 are set to ensure strong support for each partition plate 6. The bottom of the support column 7 is connected to the bottom surface of the tower body 1, or the support column 7 is connected to the inner wall of the tower body 1 through the partition plates 6. Stable support is ensured by the mutual antagonistic action between the partition plates 6 and the support columns 7.

[0033] In this embodiment, the door panel 50 is annular and has a retractable corrugated structure. The door panel 50 is sleeved on the support column 7 and is movably disposed relative to the support column 7. The door panel 50 includes a first moving end 501 and a second moving end 502 disposed opposite to each other in the circumferential direction. A guide groove 10 is provided on the inner wall surface of the tower body 1, and the guide groove 10 extends in the circumferential direction of the tower body 1. The switch assembly 5 also includes a drive member 51 disposed in the guide groove 10. There are two drive members 51, and the two drive members 51 are respectively connected to the first moving end 501 and the second moving end 502 of the door panel 50. The two drive members 51 drive the first moving end 501 and the second moving end 502 to move in the circumferential direction of the tower body 1, so that one or more of the unit channels 2 are opened or closed. The door panel 50 has a folding fan-like structure. The door panel 50 is folded or unfolded by the drive component 51. The drive component 51 is a drive roller, and a drive motor is installed inside the drive roller. The drive motor drives the drive roller to move along the extension direction of the guide groove 10, thereby driving the door panel 50 to unfold or fold.

[0034] In practical applications, infrared sensors are respectively installed on the first moving end 501 and the second moving end 502 of the door panel 50. When the infrared sensors detect the position information of the partition plate 6, the control center determines which partition plate 6 the drive component 51 has moved to based on the signal responses provided by the two infrared sensors, thereby controlling whether the drive component 51 continues to move to open the corresponding unit channel 2. This configuration is not only simple in structure and easy to control, but also improves the energy efficiency of the tower.

[0035] To improve the stability of the door panel 50, the support column 7 is provided with a mounting groove 70, and at least a portion of the door panel 50 is embedded in the mounting groove 70.

[0036] In practical implementation, the absorption tower structure also includes: a partition plate 6, installed inside the tower body 1, extending along the length of the tower body 1, and located between two adjacent unit channels 2; a support frame 8, installed inside the unit channel 2, connected to both the inner wall of the tower body 1 and the partition plate 6; and a packing component 9, installed inside the unit channel 2 and located on the support frame 8. The support frame 8 supports the packing component 9, and also supports the partition plate 6.

[0037] Specifically, each unit channel 2 includes: a first channel section 21 and a second channel section 22 that are interconnected, the first channel section 21 and the second channel section 22 being arranged sequentially along the length of the tower body 1, and a third channel section 23 being arranged between the first channel section 21 and the second channel section 22, and a liquid distributor 24 being arranged in the third channel section 23. The first channel section 21 and the second channel section 22 are respectively equipped with packing components 9 for absorbing carbon dioxide.

[0038] In the second embodiment provided by the present invention, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, there are two unit channels 2, which are separated by a partition plate 6. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that in this embodiment, the door panel 50 consists of two plates, which are respectively hinged to the opposite sides of the partition plate 6. The door panel 50 can be opened or closed by a piston rod such as a hydraulic rod or an electric push rod. Preferably, the two ends of the piston rod are connected to the partition plate 6 and the door panel 50 respectively.

[0039] In the absorption tower structure of this application, a nozzle 30, a main liquid supply pipe 31, spray branch pipes 32, and a control valve 320 are also provided. The control valve 320 is installed on the spray branch pipe 32, and the nozzle 30 is installed on the spray branch pipe 32. The main liquid supply pipe 31 is connected to the spray branch pipe 32, and spray liquid is supplied into the spray branch pipe 32 through the main liquid supply pipe 31. Then, the spray branch pipe 32 supplies the spray liquid into the nozzle 30 to spray the flue gas in the tower body 1. There are multiple spray branch pipes 32, and multiple spray branch pipes 32 are arranged one-to-one with multiple unit channels 2. Each spray branch pipe 32 is provided with a control valve 320, which can individually control the flow rate in each spray branch pipe 32 to cooperate with each unit channel 2. Optionally, the spray liquid is amine liquid.

[0040] The absorption tower structure of this invention achieves automatic adjustment of the tower's throughput, optimizes gas-liquid distribution, improves treatment efficiency and energy efficiency, and reduces maintenance costs. This modified tower design can meet the modern industrial demands for flexibility, efficiency, and economy in flue gas treatment equipment, and has broad application prospects and practical value. With the continuous development of industrial automation and intelligence, this modified tower design is expected to become one of the mainstream technologies for future industrial flue gas treatment.

[0041] The absorption tower structure of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0042] Highly adaptable: The tower can adapt to different flue gas volumes, automatically adjust the processing capacity, and improve processing efficiency.

[0043] Easy to operate: The intelligent control system simplifies the operation process and reduces manual intervention.

[0044] Energy-saving and efficient: Optimized gas-liquid distribution reduces energy consumption and improves the energy efficiency of the tower.

[0045] Safe and reliable: Multiple security safeguards and redundant design ensure the stable and safe operation of the system.

[0046] Low maintenance costs: The modular design and easy-to-maintain structure reduce maintenance difficulty and costs.

[0047] The present invention also provides a flue gas capture system, including an absorption tower structure, wherein the absorption tower structure is the absorption tower structure described in the above embodiment.

[0048] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0049] The absorption tower structure provided by the present invention includes a tower body 1, multiple unit channels 2, multiple sets of spray assemblies 3, and an air inlet channel 4. The multiple unit channels 2 are disposed within the tower body 1, each extending along the length of the tower body 1, and are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the tower body 1. With the radial direction of the tower body 1 as the transverse direction, the cross-sectional areas of each unit channel 2 are arranged in a predetermined ratio. The spray assemblies 3 are disposed at the top of the unit channels 2, and there are multiple sets of spray assemblies 3, each corresponding to one of the multiple unit channels 2. The air inlet channel 4 is disposed at the bottom of the tower body 1 and can selectively communicate with one or more of the unit channels 2. This arrangement allows for the selection of a unit channel 2 corresponding to the actual flow rate of the flue gas to communicate with the air inlet channel 4, thereby ensuring the flow rate of the flue gas within the corresponding unit channel 2. Simultaneously, the corresponding spray assembly 3 is activated, resulting in a more uniform gas-liquid distribution and avoiding waste of the reaction liquid.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An absorption tower structure, characterized in that, include: Tower body (1), the tower body is a cylindrical structure; Multiple unit channels (2) are arranged inside the tower body (1). Each unit channel (2) extends along the length direction of the tower body (1), and the multiple unit channels (2) are arranged sequentially along the circumferential direction of the tower body (1). With the radial direction of the tower body (1) as the transverse direction, the cross-sectional area of ​​each unit channel (2) is set in a predetermined ratio, and a smoke inlet (20) is provided at the bottom of the unit channel. Spray assembly (3) is set at the top of the unit channel (2). There are multiple sets of spray assembly (3), and multiple sets of spray assembly (3) are set one-to-one with multiple unit channels (2). An air intake channel (4) is provided at the bottom of the tower body (1), and the air intake channel (4) may selectively communicate with one or more of the unit channels (2); A partition plate (6) is disposed inside the tower body (1), the partition plate (6) extends along the length direction of the tower body (1), and the partition plate (6) is located between two adjacent unit channels (2); Support column (7), one side of each of the partition plates (6) is connected to the inner wall of the tower body (1), and the other side of each of the partition plates (6) is connected to the support column (7); Multiple sets of switch assemblies (5) are disposed at the smoke inlet (20). Each set of switch assemblies (5) is disposed in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple unit channels (2) to open or close the corresponding unit channel (2). Each set of switch assemblies (5) includes: A door panel (50) is provided at the smoke inlet (20). The door panel (50) is annular and has a retractable corrugated structure. The door panel (50) is sleeved on the support column (7) and is movably arranged relative to the support column (7) to block or avoid the smoke inlet (20). The door panel (50) includes a first movable end (501) and a second movable end (502) arranged opposite to each other in the circumferential direction. A guide groove (10) is provided on the inner wall surface of the tower body (1), and the guide groove (10) extends along the circumferential direction of the tower body (1); A drive unit (51) is disposed in the guide groove (10). There are two drive units (51). The two drive units (51) are respectively connected to the first moving end (501) and the second moving end (502) of the door panel (50). The two drive units (51) drive the first moving end (501) and the second moving end (502) to move along the circumferential direction of the tower body (1) so that one or more of the unit channels (2) are opened or closed.

2. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are three unit channels (2), and the area ratio of the cross-sections of the three unit channels (2) is 1:1.5:1.

8.

3. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support column (7) is provided with an installation groove (70), and at least a portion of the door panel (50) is embedded in the installation groove (70).

4. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorption tower structure also includes: A support frame (8) is provided in the unit channel (2), and the support frame (8) is connected to the inner wall of the tower body (1) and the partition plate (6) respectively; The filler component (9) is disposed within the unit channel (2) and located on the support frame (8).

5. The absorption tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned unit channels (2) includes: A first channel segment (21) and a second channel segment (22) are interconnected. The first channel segment (21) and the second channel segment (22) are arranged sequentially along the length direction of the tower body (1). A third channel segment (23) is arranged between the first channel segment (21) and the second channel segment (22). A liquid distributor (24) is arranged in the third channel segment (23).

6. A flue gas capture system, comprising an absorption tower structure, characterized in that, The absorption tower structure is the absorption tower structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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