A method for turning and milling a small rotary structure

Abstract

The application discloses a turning and milling processing method for small rotary structural parts, which comprises the following steps: rough processing of the rotary structural parts, each surface is reserved with a preset allowance; clamping the outer cylindrical surface of the part by a lathe chuck, turning the inner hole, outer circle and end face of one end of the part; clamping the fixture by the lathe chuck, the part is installed on the fixture, the step surface of the part is pressed by a bolt, the movement of the part along the axis is limited, the rotation of the part around the axis is limited by a first limiting block, the inner hole, outer circle and end face of the other end of the part are turned; clamping the fixture by a machining center chuck, the part is fixed on the fixture by a bolt passing through the middle inner hole of the part, the movement of the part along the axis is limited, the bolt pressing the step is removed, and the side wall of the part is milled; the rotation of the part around the axis is limited by a second limiting block, the first limiting block is removed, and the first U-shaped groove of the part is milled; the second U-shaped groove, keyway and threaded hole of the part are milled by an A-axis clamping fixture of a four-axis machine tool. The application has the advantages of convenient clamping and high processing precision.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a turning and milling method for a small rotary structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] A small rotary structure applied in an inertial navigation device has various features such as U-shaped grooves, key grooves, threaded holes, etc., and has extremely high size and shape accuracy requirements. Among them, A1, A2, A3 and A4 represent inner hole surfaces, B1, B2, B3 and B4 represent outer circle surfaces, and C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7 represent end surfaces. The fourth outer circle surface B4 of the rotary structure 1 is a reference A, the first outer circle surface B1 is a reference B, the first outer circle surface B1 itself has a cylindricality requirement of 0.008 mm, and has a coaxiality requirement of 0.006 mm to the fourth outer circle surface B4; the fourth outer circle surface B4 itself has a cylindricality requirement of 0.008 mm, and has a coaxiality requirement of 0.006 mm to the first outer circle surface B1; the first inner hole surface A1 and the second inner hole surface A2 of the rotary structure 1 both have a cylindricality requirement of 0.008 mm, and have a coaxiality requirement of 0.006 mm to the reference A-B; the groove surface E of the first U-shaped groove 11 and the two key grooves 13 symmetrically distributed on the outer circle both have a symmetry requirement of 0.006 mm to the reference A-B; the shape size and space size tolerance requirements of the rotary structure 1 are controlled within ±0.01 mm.

[0003] The part cannot be clamped and machined at one time because of the multi-angle structural features, and must be converted between turning and milling and clamped multiple times. How to ensure the machining accuracy of the part in multiple clamping is a difficult problem. First, how to clamp can minimize the influence of clamping force on the machining accuracy of the part caused by deformation of the part, and second, how to reduce the error of multiple clamping. It is particularly important to find a machining method that can reduce clamping deformation and reduce multiple clamping error without reducing the technical indicators of the part. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a turning and milling method for a small rotary structure which can reduce clamping deformation and reduce multiple clamping error.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] A turning and milling method for a small rotary structure, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1, rough machining the rotary structure, each surface of the rotary structure is reserved with a preset allowance;

[0008] Step S2, the lathe chuck clamps the outer circle surface of the rotary structure, and the lathe turns the end hole, the outer circle and the end surface of the rotary structure;

[0009] Step S3, the rotary structure is installed on the fixture, the lathe chuck clamps the fixture, the step surface of the rotary structure is pressed by the bolt, the movement of the rotary structure along the axis is limited, the first limiting block limits the rotation of the part around the axis, and the hole, the outer circle and the end surface of the other end of the rotary structure are turned;

[0010] Step S4, the fixture is clamped by the machining center chuck, the rotary structure is fixed on the fixture by the bolt passing through the middle hole of the rotary structure to limit the movement of the rotary structure along the axis, and the bolt pressing the step of the rotary structure is removed, and the side wall of the rotary structure is milled;

[0011] Step S5, the second limiting block limits the rotation of the rotary structure around the axis, and the first limiting block is removed, and the first U-shaped groove of the rotary structure is milled;

[0012] Step S6, the fixture is clamped by the four-axis machine tool P-axis chuck, and the second U-shaped groove, the key groove and the first threaded hole of the rotary structure are milled.

[0013] As a further improvement of the application, the fixture comprises a first outer circle segment and a second outer circle segment; the first outer circle segment is the clamping part of the lathe chuck, the machining center chuck and the four-axis machine tool P-axis chuck; the second outer circle segment is a positioning cylinder which cooperates with the first inner hole surface A1 of the rotary structure, and the bottom plane of the outer circle is provided with a second threaded hole, a third threaded hole, a fourth threaded hole and a fifth threaded hole, and the top surface of the outer circle is provided with a sixth threaded hole.

[0014] As a further improvement of the application, the first limiting block comprises a first bolt, a wedge-shaped block, a U-shaped expansion clamp and a second bolt; the wedge-shaped block is provided with a countersunk hole for mounting the first bolt, and the outer side surface of the wedge-shaped block is an angle inclined surface; the U-shaped expansion clamp is provided with threaded holes for mounting the first bolt and the second bolt, and the inner side surface of the U-shaped expansion clamp is an angle inclined surface.

[0015] As a further improvement of the application, the second limiting block comprises a third bolt, a fourth bolt and a supporting block, the supporting block is provided with threaded holes for mounting the third bolt and the fourth bolt, the head of the fourth bolt is a circular arc surface, and the contact with the rotary structure is point contact.

[0016] As a further improvement of the application, the step S2 specifically comprises: mounting the rotary structure on the lathe chuck, clamping the third outer circular surface B3 on the rotary structure by the lathe chuck, and aligning the first outer circular surface B1 and the first end surface C1 on the rotary structure, and turning the first inner hole surface A1, the second inner hole surface A2, the third inner hole surface A3, the first outer circular surface B1, the second outer circular surface B2, the first end surface C1, the second end surface C2 and the fourth end surface C4 on the rotary structure to the finished size.

[0017] As a further improvement of the application, the step S3 specifically comprises: mounting the rotary structure on the fixture, and clamping the first outer circular segment on the fixture by the lathe chuck; the first inner hole surface A1 on the rotary structure is matched with the second outer circular segment on the fixture, and the first end surface C1 on the rotary structure is matched with the bottom of the second outer circular segment on the fixture; the two side groove surfaces E of the first U-shaped groove on the rotary structure are matched with the two side outer surfaces of the U-shaped expansion clamp of the first limiting block on the fixture to limit the rotation of the rotary structure around the axis; the fifth bolt is screwed into the fifth threaded hole on the fixture, and the third end surface C3 on the rotary structure is pressed by the fifth bolt to limit the movement of the rotary structure along the axis; the second inner hole surface A2 and the third inner hole surface A3 on the rotary structure are aligned, and the fourth inner hole surface A4, the third outer circular surface B3, the fourth outer circular surface B4, the fifth end surface C5, the sixth end surface C6 and the seventh end surface C7 on the rotary structure are turned to the finished size.

[0018] As a further improvement of the application, the step S4 specifically comprises: taking the fixture in step S3 together with the rotary structure off the lathe chuck, and then mounting the fixture on the machining center chuck, with the first U-shaped groove on the rotary structure facing the positive direction of the X axis, and the machining center chuck is fixed on the machining center workbench by the pressing plate; the sixth bolt is passed through the middle inner hole of the rotary structure and screwed into the sixth threaded hole on the fixture to fix the rotary structure in the axial direction and limit the movement of the rotary structure along the axis; the fifth bolt pressing the third end surface C3 on the rotary structure in step S3 is removed; the fourth outer circular surface B4 and the sixth end surface C6 on the rotary structure are aligned, and the side wall contour D surface of the rotary structure is milled to the finished size.

[0019] As a further improvement of the application, the step S5 specifically comprises: mounting the second limiting block on the fixture and symmetrically arranging it on both sides of the contour of the rotary structure, and screwing the bolt on the second limiting block to limit the rotation of the rotary structure around the axis; the first limiting block limiting the rotation of the rotary structure around the axis in step S3 is removed; the fourth outer circular surface B4 and the sixth end surface C6 on the rotary structure are aligned, and the first U-shaped groove on the rotary structure is milled to the finished size.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present application, the step S6 specifically comprises: installing the fixture on the P-axis chuck of the four-axis machine tool, the second U-shaped groove on the rotary structure facing the positive direction of Y-axis; aligning the fourth outer circular surface B4 jump on the rotary structure; aligning the side wall plane on the rotary structure, which is A0 state, milling the second U-shaped groove on the rotary structure, the two key grooves on the outer circle of the rotary structure, and the threaded hole on the side wall of the rotary structure to the finished size.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present application, in the step S3, the second inner hole surface A2 and the third inner hole surface A3 jump of the rotary structure are aligned to ≤0.002mm by using the dial indicator;

[0022] In the steps S4 and S5, the fourth outer circular surface B4 and the sixth end surface C6 jump of the rotary structure are aligned to ≤0.002mm by using the dial indicator;

[0023] In the step S6, the fourth outer circular surface B4 jump of the rotary structure is aligned to ≤0.002mm by using the dial indicator, and the side wall plane jump of the rotary structure is aligned to ≤0.01mm by using the dial indicator.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0025] The turning and milling processing method of the small rotary structure of the present application, in the process of turning the rotary structure, after completing the turning of the inner hole and the outer circle of one end of the rotary structure, the inner hole and the outer circle of the other end are turned, without directly clamping the machined outer circle with the lathe chuck, but installing the inner hole of one end which has completed the turning and milling processing to the fixture, and clamping the fixture with the chuck, which avoids the stress deformation of the rotary structure caused by directly clamping the rotary structure, reduces the influence of clamping deformation on the machining precision of the rotary structure, and effectively guarantees the form and position precision requirements of 0.008mm cylindricity and 0.006mm coaxiality of the inner hole and the outer circle of the rotary structure during processing.

[0026] Because the rotary structure has U-shaped grooves, key grooves, threads and other features, and the features are located on different angle surfaces, it cannot be clamped and processed at one time, so it must be processed by multiple clamping; the traditional processing method is to design separate fixtures for turning and milling, which will cause clamping errors, while the processing method of the present application combines the turning and milling fixtures into one set of fixture by analyzing the similarities and differences between the turning and milling fixtures, which has different functional modules, and can complete the processing of each part of the rotary structure by selecting different functional modules during turning and milling. By unifying the turning and milling fixtures, the clamping reference of the rotary structure is unified, and the clamping error caused by replacing the fixture is reduced.

[0027] The machining method of the application reduces the deformation of the part clamping by improving the clamping in the part turning process, realizes the unification and modular design of the turning and milling fixture, can effectively guarantee the machining precision of the part, can be applied to the machining of similar high-precision parts, and has good popularization and reference significance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front view structure principle of a small rotary structure part;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure principle of a small rotary structure part;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a Figure 2 sectional view in the direction of G-G;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the fixture structure in the specific embodiment of the application;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the clamping when the part is turned in step S3 of the specific embodiment of the application;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a front view of the clamping when the part is turned in step S3 of the specific embodiment of the application;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a Figure 6 sectional view in the direction of H-H;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the clamping when the side wall profile of the part is milled in step S4 of the specific embodiment of the application;

[0036] Figure 9 It is a front view of the clamping when the side wall profile of the part is milled in step S4 of the specific embodiment of the application;

[0037] Figure 10 It is a Figure 9 sectional view in the direction of K-K;

[0038] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the clamping when the first U-shaped groove of the part is milled in step S5 of the specific embodiment of the application;

[0039] Figure 12 It is a front view of the clamping when the first U-shaped groove of the part is milled in step S5 of the specific embodiment of the application;

[0040] Figure 13 It is a Figure 12 sectional view in the direction of L-L;

[0041] Figure 14The clamping schematic view of the P-axis of the four-axis machine tool in step S6 of the embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 15 The front view of the clamping of the P-axis of the four-axis machine tool in step S6 of the embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 16 The Figure 15 The structural principle schematic view of the Q direction.

[0044] Legend: 1, rotating structure; 11, first U-shaped groove; 12, second U-shaped groove; 13, keyway; 14, first threaded hole; 2, clamp; 21, first outer circle segment; 22, second threaded hole; 23, third threaded hole; 24, fourth threaded hole; 25, fifth threaded hole; 26, second outer circle segment; 27, sixth threaded hole; 28, first limiting block; 281, first bolt; 282, wedge-shaped block; 283, U-shaped expansion clamp; 284, second bolt; 29, second limiting block; 291, third bolt; 292, fourth bolt; 293, support block; 3, lathe chuck; 30, fifth bolt; 31, sixth bolt; 32, gasket; 4, machining center chuck; 5, P-axis chuck of four-axis machine tool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.

[0046] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "side", "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0047] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated, so that the features with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0048] Embodiment

[0049] As Figure 1 ,Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the small rotary structure in this embodiment has multiple features such as U-shaped grooves, keyways, and threaded holes, and its dimensional and positional accuracy requirements are extremely high. Among them, A1, A2, A3, and A4 represent inner hole surfaces, B1, B2, B3, and B4 represent outer circular surfaces, and C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7 represent end faces. The fourth outer circular surface B4 of the rotating structural component 1 is reference A, and the first outer circular surface B1 is reference B. The first outer circular surface B1 has a cylindricity requirement of 0.008 mm and a coaxiality requirement of 0.006 mm with respect to the fourth outer circular surface B4. The fourth outer circular surface B4 has a cylindricity requirement of 0.008 mm and a coaxiality requirement of 0.006 mm with respect to the first outer circular surface B1. The first inner hole surface A1 and the second inner hole surface A2 of the rotating structural component 1 both have a cylindricity requirement of 0.008 mm and a coaxiality requirement of 0.006 mm with respect to reference AB. The groove surface E of the first U-shaped groove 11 and the two keyways 13 symmetrically distributed on the outer circle both have a symmetry requirement of 0.006 mm with respect to reference AB. The tolerances of multiple external and spatial dimensions of the rotating structural component 1 are controlled within ±0.01 mm. The present invention will use a rotary structural component 1 as an example to illustrate the specific implementation method of the present invention.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the fixture 2 includes a first outer circular segment 21, a second threaded hole 22, a third threaded hole 23, a fourth threaded hole 24, a fifth threaded hole 25, a second outer circular segment 26, a sixth threaded hole 27, a first limiting block 28, a second limiting block 29, a fifth bolt 30, a sixth bolt 31, and a washer 32. The first outer circular segment 21 is the clamping part of the lathe chuck 3, the machining center chuck 4, and the four-axis machine tool P-axis chuck 5. The second outer circular segment 26 is a positioning cylinder that mates with the first inner hole surface A1 of the rotating structural component 1. The second threaded hole 22, the third threaded hole 23, the fourth threaded hole 24, and the fifth threaded hole 25 are provided on the bottom plane of the second outer circular segment 26, and the sixth threaded hole 27 is provided on the top surface of the second outer circular segment 26.

[0051] In this embodiment, there are three fifth bolts 30. There are two second threaded holes 22, one third threaded hole 23, two fourth threaded holes 24, three fifth threaded holes 25, and one sixth threaded hole 27.

[0052] like Figure 4As shown, in the embodiment, the first limiting block 28 comprises a first bolt 281, a wedge-shaped block 282, a U-shaped expansion clamp 283 and a second bolt 284. The wedge-shaped block 282 is provided with a countersunk hole for mounting the bolt 281, and the outer side of the wedge-shaped block 282 is an angle inclined surface. The U-shaped expansion clamp 283 is provided with one through hole for mounting the first bolt 281, and two through holes for mounting the second bolt 284, and the inner side of the U-shaped expansion clamp 283 is an angle inclined surface. The number of the first bolt 281 is one, and the number of the second bolt 284 is two.

[0053] As shown, Figure 4 In the embodiment, the number of the second limiting block 29 is two, and the second limiting block 29 comprises a third bolt 291, a fourth bolt 292 and a support block 293. The support block 293 is provided with one threaded hole for mounting the third bolt 291, and one through hole for mounting the fourth bolt 292. The head of the fourth bolt 292 is a circular arc surface, and it is a point contact when contacting the rotary structure 1.

[0054] In the embodiment, the first limiting block 28 is used to limit the rotation of the rotary structure 1 around the axis, and the outer side angle surface of the wedge-shaped block 282 cooperates with the inner side angle surface of the U-shaped expansion clamp 283. By tightening the first bolt 281, the wedge-shaped block 282 is pulled down, so that the U-shaped expansion clamp 283 is expanded. The outer side surface of the expanded U-shaped expansion clamp 283 contacts the groove surface E of the first U-shaped groove 11 on the rotary structure 1, thereby limiting the rotation of the rotary structure 1 around the axis.

[0055] In the embodiment, when installing the first limiting block 28, the rotary structure 1 is first sleeved on the first outer circular segment 21 of the clamp 2, and then the rotary structure 1 is rotated around the axis to the appropriate position, so that the second threaded hole 22 and the third threaded hole 23 on the clamp 2 are inside the first U-shaped groove 11 on the rotary structure 1. Then, the three holes at the bottom of the U-shaped expansion clamp 283 are aligned with the second threaded hole 22 and the third threaded hole 23 on the clamp 2, and then two second bolts 284 are passed through the two holes at the bottom of the U-shaped expansion clamp 283 close to the edge, and are screwed into the second threaded hole 22 on the clamp 2, thereby fixing the U-shaped expansion clamp 283. Then, the outer side angle inclined surface of the wedge-shaped block 282 is aligned with the inner side inclined surface of the U-shaped expansion clamp 283, and then the first bolt 281 is passed through the wedge-shaped block 282 and the middle hole at the bottom of the U-shaped expansion clamp 283, and is screwed into the third threaded hole 23 on the clamp 2.

[0056] In the embodiment, the second limiting block 29 is used to limit the rotation of the rotary structure 1 about the axis, the supporting block 293 is installed on the clamp 2, and the third bolt 291 is screwed through the threaded hole on the supporting block 293 until the head arc surface of the bolt 291 is in contact with the side wall of the rotary structure 1. The two second limiting blocks 29 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotary structure 1 jointly act to limit the rotation of the rotary structure 1 about the axis.

[0057] In the embodiment, after the first limiting block 28 is installed, the three fifth bolts 30 are installed in the fifth threaded holes 25 on the clamp 2, and the fifth bolts 30 are screwed to press the head lower step surface of the fifth bolt 30 against the third end surface C3 on the rotary structure 1, thereby fixing the rotary structure 1 in the axial direction and limiting the movement of the rotary structure 1 along the axial direction.

[0058] In the embodiment, the sixth bolt 31 passes through the gasket 32, passes through the middle hole of the rotary structure 1, and is installed in the sixth threaded hole 27 on the clamp 2. By screwing the sixth bolt 31, the gasket 32 is pressed against the seventh end surface C7 of the rotary structure 1, thereby pressing the rotary structure 1 in the axial direction and limiting the movement of the rotary structure 1 along the axial direction.

[0059] In the embodiment, the turning and milling processing method of the small rotary structure includes the following steps:

[0060] Step S1, rough machining the rotary structure 1, and reserving a preset allowance on each surface of the rotary structure 1.

[0061] Step S2, clamping the outer circular surface of the rotary structure 1 by the lathe chuck 3, and turning the inner hole, outer circle, and end surface of one end of the rotary structure 1.

[0062] Step S3, installing the rotary structure 1 on the clamp 2, clamping the clamp 2 by the lathe chuck 3, pressing the step surface of the rotary structure 1 by the bolt, limiting the movement of the rotary structure 1 along the axis, limiting the rotation of the rotary structure 1 about the axis by the first limiting block 28, and turning the inner hole, outer circle, and end surface of the other end of the rotary structure 1. When turning the inner hole, outer circle, and end surface of the rotary structure 1, the first limiting block 28 is used to limit the rotation of the rotary structure 1 about the axis, and the fifth bolt 30 is used to limit the movement of the rotary structure 1 along the axial direction.

[0063] Step S4, clamping the clamp 2 by the machining center chuck 4, fixing the rotary structure 1 on the clamp 2 by the bolt passing through the middle hole of the rotary structure 1 to limit the movement of the rotary structure 1 along the axis, and removing the bolt pressing the step of the rotary structure 1, and milling the side wall of the rotary structure 1. When milling the side wall profile of the rotary structure 1, the sixth bolt 31 and the gasket 32 are used to limit the movement of the rotary structure 1 along the axial direction.

[0064] Step S5, the rotation of the rotary structure 1 is limited by the second limiting block 29, and the first U-shaped groove 11 of the rotary structure 1 is milled. When the first U-shaped groove 11 of the rotary structure 1 is milled, the second limiting block 29 is used to limit the rotation of the part 1 around the axis.

[0065] Step S6, the fixture 2 is clamped by the P-axis chuck 5 of the four-axis machine tool P, and the second U-shaped groove 12, the key groove 13 and the first threaded hole 14 of the rotary structure 1 are milled.

[0066] In this embodiment, step S2 specifically includes: mounting the rotary structure 1 on the lathe chuck 3, clamping the third outer surface B3 on the rotary structure 1 by the lathe chuck 3, and aligning the first outer surface B1 and the first end surface C1 runout, and turning the first inner hole surface A1, the second inner hole surface A2, the third inner hole surface A3, the first outer surface B1, the second outer surface B2, the first end surface C1, the second end surface C2 and the fourth end surface C4 of the rotary structure 1 to finished size.

[0067] As shown in Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , step S3 specifically includes: mounting the rotary structure 1 on the fixture 2, and clamping the first outer circular segment 21 on the fixture 2 by the lathe chuck 3; the first inner hole surface A1 on the rotary structure 1 cooperates with the second outer circular segment 26 on the fixture 2, and the first end surface C1 on the rotary structure 1 cooperates with the bottom plane of the second outer circular segment 26 on the fixture 2; the two side groove surfaces E of the first U-shaped groove 11 on the rotary structure 1 cooperate with the two side outer surfaces of the U-shaped expansion clamp 283 on the first limiting block 28 on the fixture 2 to limit the rotation of the rotary structure 1 around the axis; the fifth bolt 30 is screwed into the fifth threaded hole 25 on the fixture 2, and the head lower step surface of the fifth bolt 30 is used to press the third end surface C3 on the rotary structure 1 to limit the movement of the rotary structure 1 along the axis; the second inner hole surface A2 and the third inner hole surface A3 on the rotary structure 1 are aligned to runout ≤0.002mm by using a dial indicator, and the fourth inner hole surface A4, the third outer surface B3, the fourth outer surface B4, the fifth end surface C5, the sixth end surface C6 and the seventh end surface C7 on the rotary structure 1 are turned to finished size.

[0068] As shown in Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown in the figure, step S4 specifically includes: taking off the clamp 2 and the rotary structure 1 from the lathe chuck 3, and then installing the clamp 2 on the machining center chuck 4; the first U-shaped groove 11 on the rotary structure 1 faces the positive direction of the X-axis; the machining center chuck 4 is fixed on the machining center workbench by the pressing plate; the sixth bolt 31 passes through the gasket 32, then passes through the middle inner hole of the rotary structure 1, and is screwed into the sixth threaded hole 27 on the clamp 2, thereby fixing the rotary structure 1 in the axial direction to limit the movement of the rotary structure 1 along the axis; the fifth bolt 30 pressing the third end surface C3 on the rotary structure 1 in step S3 is removed; the fourth outer circular surface B4 and the sixth end surface C6 on the rotary structure 1 are aligned by using the dial indicator, and the side wall profile D surface of the rotary structure 1 is milled to the finished size.

[0069] As shown in the figure, Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 , step S5 specifically includes: installing the second limiting block 29 on the clamp 2 and symmetrically arranging it on both sides of the profile of the rotary structure 1; the third bolt 291 on the second limiting block 29 is screwed until the circular arc surface of the bolt head contacts the side surface of the rotary structure 1 to limit the rotation of the rotary structure 1 around the axis; the first limiting block 28 limiting the rotation of the rotary structure 1 around the axis in step S3 is removed; the fourth outer circular surface B4 and the sixth end surface C6 on the rotary structure 1 are aligned by using the dial indicator, and the first U-shaped groove 11 on the rotary structure 1 is milled to the finished size.

[0070] When installing the second limiting block 29, first pass the fourth bolt 292 through the through hole on the supporting block 293, then align the fourth bolt 292 with the fourth threaded hole 24 on the clamp 2, and tighten the fourth bolt 292 to ensure that the supporting block 293 is fixed on the clamp 2. When fixing the supporting block 293, pay attention to ensure that the threaded hole on the supporting block 293 is roughly perpendicular to the side surface of the rotary structure 1. After the supporting block 293 is installed, screw the third bolt 291 into the threaded hole on the supporting block 293 until the circular arc surface of the head of the fourth bolt 292 contacts the side surface of the rotary structure 1.

[0071] As shown in the figure, Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 , step S6 specifically includes: installing the clamp 2 on the P-axis chuck 5 of the four-axis machine tool, and the second U-shaped groove 12 on the rotary structure 1 faces the positive direction of the Y-axis; aligning the fourth outer circular surface B4 on the rotary structure 1 by using the dial indicator, with the runout ≤0.002mm; aligning the side wall plane on the rotary structure 1 by using the dial indicator, with the runout ≤0.01mm, which is the A0 state; milling the second U-shaped groove 12 on the rotary structure 1, the two key grooves 13 on the outer circle of the rotary structure 1, and the first threaded hole 14 on the side wall of the rotary structure 1 to the finished size.

[0072] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any technical solution falling within the concept of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for ordinary skilled persons in the art, some improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application shall also be considered as falling within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of turning and milling a small-sized rotary structural member, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step S1, rough machining of the rotary structure (1), each surface of the rotary structure (1) is reserved with a preset allowance; Step S2, clamping the outer circular surface of the rotary structure (1) by the lathe chuck (3), turning the end hole, outer circle and end face of the rotary structure (1); Step S3, installing the rotary structure (1) on the clamp (2), clamping the clamp (2) by the lathe chuck (3), pressing the stepped surface of the rotary structure (1) by the bolt, limiting the movement of the rotary structure (1) along the axis, limiting the rotation of the part around the axis by the first limiting block (28), turning the hole, outer circle and end face of the other end of the rotary structure (1); Step S4, clamping the clamp (2) by the machining center chuck (4), fixing the rotary structure (1) on the clamp (2) by the bolt passing through the middle hole of the rotary structure (1), limiting the movement of the rotary structure (1) along the axis, and at the same time, removing the bolt pressing the stepped surface of the rotary structure (1), milling the side wall of the rotary structure (1); Step S5, limiting the rotation of the rotary structure (1) around the axis by the second limiting block (29), and at the same time, removing the first limiting block (28), milling the first U-shaped groove (11) of the rotary structure (1); Step S6, clamping the clamp (2) by the four-axis machine tool P-axis chuck (5), milling the second U-shaped groove (12), keyway (13) and first threaded hole (14) of the rotary structure (1); The clamp (2) comprises a first outer circular segment (21) and a second outer circular segment (26); the first outer circular segment (21) is the clamping part of the lathe chuck (3), the machining center chuck (4) and the four-axis machine tool P-axis chuck (5); the second outer circular segment (26) is a positioning cylinder which cooperates with the first inner hole surface A1 of the rotary structure (1), and the bottom plane of the second outer circular segment (26) is provided with a second threaded hole (22), a third threaded hole (23), a fourth threaded hole (24) and a fifth threaded hole (25); and the top surface of the second outer circular segment (26) is provided with a sixth threaded hole (27); The first limiting block (28) comprises a first bolt (281), a wedge-shaped block (282), a U-shaped expansion clamp (283) and a second bolt (284); the wedge-shaped block (282) is provided with a countersunk hole for mounting the first bolt (281), and the outer side surface of the wedge-shaped block (282) is an angle inclined surface; the U-shaped expansion clamp (283) is provided with threaded holes for mounting the first bolt (281) and the second bolt (284), and the inner side surface of the U-shaped expansion clamp (283) is an angle inclined surface; The second limiting block (29) comprises a third bolt (291), a fourth bolt (292) and a supporting block (293); the supporting block (293) is provided with threaded holes for mounting the third bolt (291) and the fourth bolt (292); and the head of the fourth bolt (292) is a circular arc surface, which is point contact when contacting the rotary structure (1).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein The step S2 specifically comprises: mounting the rotary structure (1) on the lathe chuck (3), clamping the third outer circular surface B3 on the rotary structure (1) by the lathe chuck (3), and aligning the first outer circular surface B1 and the first end surface C1 runout on the rotary structure (1), and turning the first inner hole surface A1, the second inner hole surface A2, the third inner hole surface A3, the first outer circular surface B1, the second outer circular surface B2, the first end surface C1, the second end surface C2 and the fourth end surface C4 on the rotary structure (1) to the finished size.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The step S3 specifically comprises: mounting the rotary structure (1) on the fixture (2), and clamping the first outer circular segment (21) on the fixture (2) by the lathe chuck (3); the first inner hole surface A1 on the rotary structure (1) is matched with the second outer circular segment (26) on the fixture (2), and the first end surface C1 on the rotary structure (1) is matched with the bottom of the second outer circular segment (26) on the fixture (2); the two side groove surfaces E of the first U-shaped groove (11) on the rotary structure (1) are matched with the two side outer surfaces of the U-shaped expansion clamp (283) of the first limiting block (28) on the fixture (2) to limit the rotation of the rotary structure (1) around the axis; the fifth bolt (30) is screwed into the fifth threaded hole (25) on the fixture (2), and the third end surface C3 on the rotary structure (1) is pressed by the fifth bolt (30) to limit the movement of the rotary structure (1) along the axis; the second inner hole surface A2 and the third inner hole surface A3 runout on the rotary structure (1) are aligned, and the fourth inner hole surface A4, the third outer circular surface B3, the fourth outer circular surface B4, the fifth end surface C5, the sixth end surface C6 and the seventh end surface C7 on the rotary structure (1) are turned to the finished size.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein The step S4 specifically comprises: taking the fixture (2) together with the rotary structure (1) in step S3 off the lathe chuck (3), and then mounting the fixture (2) on the machining center chuck (4), the first U-shaped groove (11) on the rotary structure (1) faces the positive direction of the X axis, and the machining center chuck (4) is fixed on the machining center workbench by the pressing plate; the sixth bolt (31) passes through the middle inner hole of the rotary structure (1) and is screwed into the sixth threaded hole (27) on the fixture (2), and the rotary structure (1) is fixed in the axial direction to limit the movement of the rotary structure (1) along the axis; the fifth bolt (30) pressing the third end surface C3 on the rotary structure (1) in step S3 is removed; the fourth outer circular surface B4 and the sixth end surface C6 runout on the rotary structure (1) are aligned, and the side wall contour D surface of the rotary structure (1) is milled to the finished size.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The step S5 specifically comprises: installing the second limiting block (29) on the fixture (2) and symmetrically arranging on both sides of the outer shape of the rotary structure (1), and screwing the third bolt (291) on the second limiting block (29) to limit the rotation of the rotary structure (1) around the axis; removing the first limiting block (28) for limiting the rotation of the rotary structure (1) around the axis in step S3; aligning the fourth outer circular surface B4 and the sixth end surface C6 of the rotary structure (1) to jump, and milling the first U-shaped groove (11) on the rotary structure (1) to the finished size.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The step S6 specifically comprises: installing the fixture (2) on the four-axis machine tool P-axis chuck (5), and the second U-shaped groove (12) on the rotary structure (1) faces the positive direction of the Y-axis; aligning the fourth outer circular surface B4 of the rotary structure (1) to jump; aligning the side wall plane of the rotary structure (1) to be flat, which is the A0 state, and milling the second U-shaped groove (12) on the rotary structure (1), the two key grooves (13) on the outer circle of the rotary structure (1), and the first threaded hole (14) on the side wall of the rotary structure (1) to the finished size.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein In the step S3, the second inner hole surface A2 and the third inner hole surface A3 of the rotary structure (1) are aligned to jump ≤0.002mm by using a micrometer; In the step S4 and the step S5, the fourth outer circular surface B4 and the sixth end surface C6 of the rotary structure (1) are aligned to jump ≤0.002mm by using a micrometer; In the step S6, the fourth outer circular surface B4 of the rotary structure (1) is aligned to jump ≤0.002mm by using a micrometer, and the side wall plane of the rotary structure (1) is aligned to jump ≤0.01mm by using a micrometer.

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