A highly amorphous carbon material prepared based on the carbonization of organic small molecules and its application

Abstract

The present invention provides a highly amorphous carbon material prepared based on the carbonization of organic small molecules and its application, belonging to the technical field of material preparation, including: uniformly mixing organic small molecule powder and a metal with strong reducibility according to a calculated mass ratio to obtain a mixture; under an inert atmosphere, loading the mixture and grinding balls into a ball milling jar according to a set mass ratio, and then loading the ball milling jar into a ball mill for mechanical ball milling treatment; then taking out the material and performing purification treatment to obtain a highly amorphous carbon material, wherein the carbon content of the highly amorphous carbon material derived from organic small molecules is greater than 90%, d 002 > 0.385 nm, La <4.0 nm, Lc <1.5 nm, I D / I G > 1.80; the specific surface area is greater than 150 m 2 g ‑1 . The present invention solves the problem that it is difficult for organic small molecules to be directly transformed into carbon materials by using a mechanical ball milling method and utilizing the chemical reaction induced by mechanical force. The obtained highly amorphous material has abundant defect sites and has excellent capacitance performance when used as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material preparation, and particularly relates to a highly amorphous carbon material prepared based on the carbonization of organic small molecules and its application. Background Art

[0002] Amorphous carbon (also known as non-crystalline carbon) exhibits broad application prospects due to its abundant structural defects (including intrinsic defects such as pores, vacancies, and edge sites, as well as extrinsic defects such as heteroatoms and functional groups). Especially when used as an electrode material for supercapacitors, amorphous carbon exhibits excellent capacitance performance due to its unique structural characteristics: the abundant pore structure and large specific surface area provide double-layer capacitance energy storage sites, the intrinsic defects exhibit electrochemical reaction activity similar to that of the double layer, and the heteroatoms and functional groups contribute pseudocapacitance activity. These characteristics make amorphous carbon an ideal choice for supercapacitor electrode materials.

[0003] However, the current methods for preparing amorphous carbon mainly rely on the high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization processes of organic substances. Although this method is effective, the chemical composition, molecular structure of the organic precursors, and the pyrolysis and carbonization process conditions have a significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of the final carbon material, and the preparation process is often complex and energy-consuming. In particular, for organic small molecules, due to their relatively low boiling points, they are prone to volatilization during direct pyrolysis, so it is difficult to directly transform them into carbon materials and they are usually only used as synthesis monomers for carbon material precursors.

[0004] In recent years, although some studies have attempted to prepare carbon materials through the chemical vapor deposition or high-temperature pyrolysis of organic small molecules, these methods mostly tend to prepare carbon materials with high crystallinity and have high requirements for equipment. In addition, these methods have not fully utilized the structural characteristics of organic small molecules to prepare amorphous carbon materials with rich defect structures and excellent capacitance performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly amorphous carbon material prepared based on the carbonization of organic small molecules and its application. Through a simple and efficient mechanical ball milling process, using the chemical reaction induced by mechanical force, the organic small molecules are directly transformed into carbon materials with a highly amorphous structure, and the problems in the prior art such as the difficulty of directly carbonizing organic small molecules and the complexity and high energy consumption of the preparation process are solved.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The first object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Mix the organic small molecule powder and the strongly reducing metal evenly according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a mixture;

[0009] S2. Under an inert atmosphere, load the mixture and grinding balls into a ball milling jar according to a set mass ratio, and then load the ball milling jar into a ball mill for mechanical ball milling treatment;

[0010] S3. Take out the material after mechanical ball milling treatment, and obtain a highly amorphous carbon material through purification treatment.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the organic small molecule powder is in the form of a solid powder, the number of benzene rings in the molecular structure of the organic small molecule powder is less than 4, and the molecular formula is C x H y M z , where 6 ≤ x ≤ 18, 6 ≤ y ≤ 20, the element M is one of O, S, and N, and z ≤ 4.

[0012] Preferably, the metal is in the form of a powder or granule with a particle size less than 1 mm, and the metal is one or more of iron, cobalt, nickel, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of the organic small molecule powder to the metal is determined based on the number of hydrogen atoms contained in the organic small molecule and the outermost electrons of the metal element. The calculation formula is: mass of organic small molecule powder / molar mass of organic small molecule * number of hydrogen atoms = mass of metal / molar mass of metal element * number of outermost electrons of metal element.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the process of the mechanical ball milling treatment is: under argon or nitrogen, load the mixture and grinding balls into a ball milling jar according to a mass ratio of 1:20 to 1:100, after sealing and assembling, load the ball milling jar into a ball mill for mechanical ball milling treatment at a rotational speed of 200 - 1000 r / min for a time of 0.5 - 3 h.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the purification treatment includes pickling, water washing, and drying of the material after mechanical ball milling treatment.

[0016] The second object of the present invention is the highly amorphous carbon material prepared by the above method. The carbon content of the highly amorphous carbon material derived from organic small molecules is greater than 90%;

[0017] The d 002 > 0.385 nm, La < 4.0 nm, Lc < 1.5 nm;

[0018] The I D / I G > 1.80;

[0019] The specific surface area of the highly amorphous carbon material is greater than 150 m 2 g -1 .

[0020] The third object of the present invention is the application of the highly amorphous carbon material prepared by the above method in a supercapacitor. The highly amorphous carbon material is applied to the electrode material of the supercapacitor, and the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is greater than 170 F g -1 , and the supercapacitor has excellent rate performance and cycle stability.

[0021] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0022] The present invention adopts the method of mechanical ball milling, utilizes the mechanochemical reaction between organicsmall molecules induced by mechanical force and active metals with strong reducibility, directly converts the organicsmall molecules into carbon materials with a highly amorphous structure, and thus solves the problems in the prior art that it is difficult for organic small molecules to directly form carbon, and the preparation process is complex and energy-consuming; at the same time, the method provided by the present invention has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity, and does not require high-temperature conditions. The obtained highly amorphous material has abundant defect sites, has excellent capacitance performance when used as the electrode material of a supercapacitor, and the provided supercapacitor has both excellent rate performance and cycle stability. Description of the Drawings

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is an SEM image of the highly amorphous carbon material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is an XRD spectrum of the highly amorphous carbon material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a Raman spectrum of the highly amorphous carbon material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules, including the following steps:

[0031] S1. Mix the organic small molecule powder and the metal with strong reducibility evenly according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a mixture;

[0032] S2. Under an inert atmosphere, load the mixture and grinding balls into a ball milling jar according to a set mass ratio, and then load the ball milling jar into a ball mill for mechanical ball milling treatment;

[0033] S3. Take out the material after mechanical ball milling treatment and obtain a highly amorphous carbon material through purification treatment.

[0034] In step S1, the organic small molecule powder is in a solid powder form, the number of benzene rings in the molecular structure of the organic small molecule powder is less than 4, and the molecular formula is C x H y M z , where 6 ≤ x ≤ 18, 6 ≤ y ≤ 20, the element M is one of O, S, and N, and z ≤ 4. The metal is in the form of powder or particles with a particle size less than 1 mm, and the metal is one or more of iron, cobalt, nickel, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Among them, the chemical composition of the organic small molecule can enable it to be fully mechanically chemically dehydrogenated and deheteroatomized during the ball milling process in step S2; the particle size of the powdery or granular metal being less than 1 mm can enable it to be in full contact with the organic small molecule during the ball milling process, ultimately making the mechanical chemical reaction complete. In S1, the mass ratio of the organic small molecule powder to the metal is determined based on the number of hydrogen atoms contained in the organic small molecule and the outermost electrons of the metal element, and the calculation formula is: mass of organic small molecule powder / molar mass of organic small molecule * number of hydrogen atoms = mass of metal / molar mass of metal element * number of outermost electrons of metal element.

[0035] In addition, in step S2, the process of the mechanical ball milling treatment is as follows: under argon or nitrogen, the mixture and the grinding balls are loaded into the ball milling tank at a mass ratio of 1:20 to 1:100. After being hermetically assembled, the ball milling tank is loaded into a ball mill for mechanical ball milling treatment at a rotational speed of 200 - 1000 r / min for a time of 0.5 - 3 h. Among them, under the action of mechanical force, mechanical chemical reactions will occur between the organic small molecule powder and the metal. Mainly, the active metal is induced by mechanical energy to reduce and remove the hydrogen element in the organic small molecule, and heteroatoms such as oxygen also decompose and escape, thereby forming a carbon material with a carbon content greater than 90%. At the same time, the inert atmosphere can prevent oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. in the air from participating in the mechanical chemical reaction; the ball-to-material ratio, rotational speed, and ball milling time control the magnitude of mechanical energy and the input of energy, and also determine the degree of mechanical chemical reaction, that is, the carbon content of the carbon material. During this process, the organic small molecule powder directly transforms into a carbon material, and there is no reaction similar to monomer polymerization. Therefore, the carbon skeleton of the obtained carbon material is full of defects and is a highly amorphous structure. Insufficient input of mechanical energy makes the mechanical chemical reaction incomplete, and the carbon content in the obtained material is low; after the mechanical chemical reaction between the organic small molecule and the metal is complete, the input of mechanical energy beyond the process conditions described in step S2 will cause the obtained carbon material to undergo mechanical chemical reactions itself, causing the carbon layer to rearrange orderly, and it is impossible to obtain a highly amorphous carbon material. Moreover, long-term mechanical ball milling will cause the generated carbon material to agglomerate and assemble, and the residual metal or the ions / compounds generated by the metal through mechanical chemical reactions are embedded inside the assembled particles, making it difficult to remove in step S3. In step S3, the purification treatment includes pickling, washing with water, and drying of the material after mechanical ball milling treatment, thereby removing the metal ions and residual metals generated by the mechanical chemical reaction in step S2.

[0036] Furthermore, for the highly amorphous carbon material prepared by the above method, the carbon content of the highly amorphous carbon material derived from organic small molecules is greater than 90%;

[0037] The d of the highly amorphous carbon material 002 > 0.385 nm, La < 4.0 nm, Lc < 1.5 nm;

[0038] The I of the highly amorphous carbon material D / I G > 1.80;

[0039] The specific surface area of the highly amorphous carbon material is greater than 150 m 2 g -1 .

[0040] In addition, for the application of the highly amorphous carbon material prepared by the above method in a supercapacitor, the highly amorphous carbon material is applied to the electrode material of the supercapacitor, and the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is greater than 170 F g-1 and the supercapacitor has excellent rate performance and cycle stability.

[0041] The features and properties of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The numerical values of the process conditions taken in the following examples and comparative examples are all exemplary, and the range of their available numerical values is as shown in the foregoing content.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] S1. Mix 1.0 g of 1,4-naphthalenediol powder and 1.4 g of iron powder with a particle size of 500 μm to obtain a mixture.

[0044] S2. Under an argon atmosphere, load the obtained mixture and grinding balls into a ball milling tank according to a mass ratio of 1:40, and then load the ball milling tank into a ball mill for mechanical ball milling treatment at a rotation speed of 500 r / min for 1.5 h.

[0045] S3. Take out the material after mechanical ball milling treatment, and obtain a highly amorphous carbon material after hydrochloric acid pickling, deionized water washing and drying.

[0046] Perform structural characterization on the highly amorphous carbon material obtained in Example 1, and test and analyze to obtain the carbon content, d 002 , La, Lc, I D / I G , specific surface area and other parameters of the obtained highly amorphous carbon material. The specific data are shown in Table 1. Among them, the carbon content of the material is measured by an elemental analyzer; the (002) crystal plane interlayer spacing d 002 , the grain size La along the a-axis direction and the grain size Lc along the c-axis direction of the material are obtained by XRD testing; the area ratio I of the D peak and G peak of the material is obtained by Raman spectroscopy testing D / I G ; perform an adsorption-desorption experiment on the material with nitrogen to obtain the specific surface area of the material.

[0047] The SEM image of the highly amorphous carbon material obtained in Example 1 is as shown in Figure 2 . It can be found that the material presents an irregular particle structure and a rough surface, and it can be inferred that the material has a defective nature. The carbon content of the material measured by an elemental analyzer is 93%, indicating that 1,4-naphthalenediol is converted into a carbon material by the above method for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules. The XRD pattern is as shown in Figure 3 . It can be seen that two diffuse diffraction peaks appear at about 2θ = 21.7° and 43.7°, corresponding to the (002) and (100) crystal planes in the amorphous carbon respectively. Calculate to obtain d 002= 0.409 nm, La = 3.0 nm, Lc = 1.0 nm; The Raman spectrum is as shown in Figure 4 and the D and G peaks at 1340 and 1590 cm -1 respectively reflect the defect structure and graphite structure of the material. The peak area ratio I D / I G can reflect the defect density, and the calculated I D / I G = 2.09; In addition, the specific surface area of the material measured by nitrogen adsorption-desorption test is 306 m 2 / g. Through d 002 , La, Lc, I D / I G , and the specific surface area values indicate that the obtained carbon material has a highly amorphous structure.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] The difference between the preparation process of this example and that of Example 1 is only that Example 2 changes the types and dosages of the organic small molecule powder and the metal, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the types and dosages of the organic small molecule powder and the metal in S1 are adjusted to 1.0 g of β-naphthalenethiol and 0.4 g of lithium metal powder with a particle size of 100 - 200 μm.

[0050] The structure of the highly amorphous carbon material obtained in Example 2 was characterized, and the carbon content, d 002 , La, Lc, I D / I G , specific surface area and other parameters of the obtained highly amorphous carbon material were obtained through test analysis. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] The difference between the preparation process of this example and that of Example 1 is only that Example 3 changes the types and dosages of the organic small molecule powder and the metal, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the types and dosages of the organic small molecule powder and the metal in S1 are adjusted to 1.0 g of anthracene and 1.8 g of zinc metal powder with a particle size of 500 μm.

[0053] The structure of the highly amorphous carbon material obtained in Example 3 was characterized, and the carbon content, d 002 , La, Lc, I D / I G , specific surface area and other parameters of the obtained highly amorphous carbon material were obtained through test analysis. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] The difference between the preparation process of this example and that of Example 1 is only that this example changes the ball milling process, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the mass ratio of the mixture and the grinding balls in S2 is adjusted to 1:100.

[0056] The highly amorphous carbon material obtained in Example 4 was subjected to structural characterization, and the carbon content, d 002 , La, Lc, I D / I G , specific surface area and other parameters of the obtained highly amorphous carbon material were obtained through test analysis. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Example 5

[0058] The difference between the preparation process of this example and that of Example 1 is only that this example changes the ball milling process, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the ball milling speed in S2 is adjusted to 200 r / min.

[0059] The highly amorphous carbon material obtained in Example 5 was subjected to structural characterization, and the carbon content, d 002 , La, Lc, I D / I G , specific surface area and other parameters of the obtained highly amorphous carbon material were obtained through test analysis. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Example 6

[0061] The difference between the preparation process of this example and that of Example 1 is only that this example changes the ball milling process, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the ball milling time in S2 is adjusted to 3 h.

[0062] The highly amorphous carbon material obtained in Example 6 was subjected to structural characterization, and the carbon content, d 002 , La, Lc, I D / I G , specific surface area and other parameters of the obtained highly amorphous carbon material were obtained through test analysis. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] The difference between the preparation process of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is only that this comparative example changes the types of organic small molecule powders and the amount of metal used, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the types and amounts of the organic small molecule powder and the metal in S1 are adjusted to 1.0 g of pyrene and 1.4 g of iron powder with a particle size of 500 μm.

[0065] A large amount of organic small molecules remained in the material obtained from Comparative Example 1, indicating that organic small molecules with more benzene rings and metals are difficult to undergo mechanochemical reactions, and it is ultimately difficult to obtain carbon materials.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] The difference between the preparation process of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is only that the particle size of the metal is changed in this comparative example, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the metal in S1 is adjusted to iron particles with a particle size of 2 mm.

[0068] A large amount of organic small molecules remained in the material obtained from Comparative Example 2, indicating that the contact between the reducing metal with a larger particle size and the organic small molecules during ball milling was poor, and it was difficult for the two to undergo a mechanochemical reaction, and it was ultimately difficult to obtain a carbon material.

[0069] Comparative Example 3

[0070] The difference between the preparation process of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is only that the ball milling process is changed in this comparative example, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the mass ratio of the mixture and the grinding balls in S2 is adjusted to 1:10.

[0071] A small amount of organic small molecules remained in the material obtained from Comparative Example 3, and the carbon content was only 75%, indicating that under insufficient mechanical energy input, the mechanochemical reaction between the organic small molecules and the metal was not sufficient, and it was difficult to obtain a carbon material.

[0072] Comparative Example 4

[0073] The difference between the preparation process of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is only that the ball milling process is changed in this comparative example, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the ball milling speed in S2 is adjusted to 1200 r / min.

[0074] Perform structural characterization on the carbon material obtained from Comparative Example 4, and test and analyze to obtain parameters such as the carbon content, d 002 、La、Lc、I D / I G 、specific surface area, etc. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 5

[0076] The difference between the preparation process of this comparative example and that of Example 1 is only that the ball milling process is changed in this comparative example, and the rest of the processes are the same; specifically, the ball milling time in S2 is adjusted to 5 h.

[0077] Perform structural characterization on the carbon material obtained from Comparative Example 5, and test and analyze to obtain parameters such as the carbon content, d 002 、La、Lc、I D / I G 、specific surface area, etc. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 6

[0079] This comparative example provides a method for carbonizing direct precursors, which is contrasted with the method of the present invention for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules. Specifically, 1.0 g of 1,4-naphthalenediol is heat-treated at 600 °C in a tube furnace with a nitrogen flow, and the heating rate is 2 °C / min.

[0080] Under the process of Comparative Example 6, no product was obtained, indicating that due to the low boiling point of such organic small molecules, it is not feasible to prepare carbon materials by the traditional method of pyrolyzing and carbonizing precursors.

[0081] Table 1 Structural data of carbon materials obtained in different examples and comparative examples

[0082]

[0083] To further verify that the highly amorphous carbon material obtained by the method of the present invention for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules can be applied to the electrode material of a supercapacitor, the carbon materials obtained in the above embodiments and comparative examples are respectively used as the active substances of the positive and negative electrodes to assemble a supercapacitor, and capacitance tests are carried out. The results are shown in Table 2:

[0084] Table 2 Data table of capacitance performance test

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Therefore, by using the above method for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules and its application, through the mechanical ball milling method, the mechanical chemical reaction between the mechanically induced organic small molecules and the highly reducing active metal is utilized to directly transform the organic small molecules into a carbon material with a highly amorphous structure, thus solving the problems in the prior art that organic small molecules are difficult to directly carbonize and the preparation process is complex and energy-consuming; at the same time, the method provided by the present invention has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity, and does not require high-temperature conditions. The obtained highly amorphous material has abundant defect sites and has excellent capacitance performance when used as the electrode material of a supercapacitor, and the provided supercapacitor also has excellent rate performance and cycle stability.

[0088] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principle and implementation mode of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation mode and application scope according to the idea of the present invention. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Mix the organic small molecule powder and the metal with strong reducibility evenly according to the calculated mass ratio to obtain a mixture; the organic small molecule powder is in solid powder form, and the number of benzene rings in the molecular structure of the organic small molecule powder is less than 4, and the molecular formula is C x H y M z , where 6 ≤ x ≤ 18, 6 ≤ y ≤ 20, the element M is one of O, S, and N, and z ≤ 4; the metal is in powder or granular form with a particle size less than 1 mm, and the metal is one or more of iron, cobalt, nickel, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium; In step S1, the mass ratio of the organic small molecule powder to the metal is determined based on the number of hydrogen atoms contained in the organic small molecule and the outermost electrons of the metal element, and the calculation formula is: = ; S2. Based on an inert atmosphere, load the mixture and grinding balls into a ball milling jar according to a set mass ratio, and then load the ball milling jar into a ball mill for mechanical ball milling treatment; In step S2, the process of the mechanical ball milling treatment is as follows: Under argon or nitrogen, load the mixture and grinding balls into a ball milling jar according to a mass ratio of 1:20 to 1:

100. After sealing and assembling, load the ball milling jar into a ball mill for mechanical ball milling treatment at a rotational speed of 200 to 1000 r / min for a time of 0.5 to 3 h; S3. Take out the material after mechanical ball milling treatment, and obtain a highly amorphous carbon material through purification treatment.

2. The method for preparing a highly amorphous carbon material based on the carbonization of organic small molecules according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the purification treatment includes pickling, water washing, and drying of the material after mechanical ball milling treatment.

3. A highly amorphous carbon material prepared by the method of a highly amorphous carbon material prepared based on the carbonization of organic small molecules according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The carbon content of the highly amorphous carbon material derived from organic small molecules is greater than 90%; The d of the highly amorphous carbon material 002 > 0.385 nm, La < 4.0 nm, Lc < 1.5 nm; The I of the highly amorphous carbon material D / I G > 1.80; The specific surface area of the highly amorphous carbon material is greater than 150 m 2 g -1 .

4. Use of a highly amorphous carbon material prepared by the method of a highly amorphous carbon material prepared based on carbonization of organic small molecules according to claim 3, characterized in that, The amorphous carbon material with high specific surface area is used as the electrode material of a supercapacitor, and the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is greater than 170 F g -1 .

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