A miniature nuclear battery performance testing device and method based on electrostatic accelerator

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of miniature nuclear battery performance testing device and method based on electrostatic accelerator, including bottom plate, and front hanger, monitoring probe support, sample support and rear hanger are sequentially arranged on bottom plate along a straight line direction;The front hanger is provided with front center hole and scattering target, scattering target is provided with gold film and multiple beam channel holes, gold film covers multiple beam channel holes, and multiple beam channel holes are all aligned with front center hole;The monitoring probe support is used to place monitoring probe and is arranged obliquely;The sample support is used to place sample and is arranged obliquely;The rear hanger is used to be fixed in the vacuum chamber of electrostatic accelerator, and rear center hole is arranged on the rear hanger, and rear center hole is aligned with front center hole;After using this scheme, the output characteristic curve and electrical performance parameter of the nuclear battery sample to be measured under the condition of carrying multiple types and multiple activity isotope radioactive source can be obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of micro nuclear battery performance testing, and particularly relates to a micro nuclear battery performance testing device and method based on an electrostatic accelerator. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous exploration of unknown extreme environments such as deep sea, deep land and deep space, the development of micro-nano devices represented by micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) has become one of the key indicators for measuring the level of national science and technology. In the development process of MEMS, the technical level of micro sensors and micro actuators has rapidly improved, but the supporting micro power supply is relatively lacking. Since traditional batteries such as chemical batteries and solar cells cannot fully meet the actual needs of long-term stable operation of MEMS under the condition of losing external energy supply, the development of micro nuclear batteries with stable, efficient and service life of tens to hundreds of years is of great significance for breaking through the technical bottleneck of MEMS.

[0003] The energy conversion mechanism of the micro nuclear battery is to use the interaction between the transducer and the radiation (alpha particles, beta particles, X / γ-ray) released by the isotope source to generate electric energy through direct or indirect transduction. According to the different energy conversion mechanisms, the mainstream micro nuclear batteries are divided into two categories: radiation voltage effect nuclear batteries (direct type) and radiation photovoltaic effect nuclear batteries (indirect type).

[0004] The radiation voltage effect nuclear battery is composed of two core components: an isotope source and a semiconductor transducer. The conversion of radiation energy to electric energy is completed by collecting the electron-hole pairs generated by the ionization of the rays inside the semiconductor, which has the characteristics of no indirect energy loss, and is beneficial to realize high energy conversion efficiency. The radiation photovoltaic effect nuclear battery is composed of three core components: an isotope source, a scintillator and a photoelectric conversion device. First, the radiation energy is converted into light energy by exciting the scintillator with rays, and then the photoelectric conversion device is used to complete the conversion of light energy to electric energy. Compared with the radiation voltage effect nuclear battery, the radiation photovoltaic effect nuclear battery uses a scintillator to indirectly transduce to avoid radiation damage to the semiconductor device, and has a slightly lower energy conversion efficiency but a longer effective life.

[0005] In the research and development process, the performance test conditions of the radiation voltage effect nuclear battery and the radiation photovoltaic effect nuclear battery (hereinafter referred to as: micro nuclear battery) are very harsh, and must be carried out in a laboratory with the use qualification of the radiation source. At present, the electrical performance test of the nuclear battery generally adopts 241 Am, 238 Pu, 3 H, 63 Ni, 90However, due to the differences in the types, sizes, and activities of isotope radioactive sources, the performance test of micro-nuclear batteries has not yet reached standardization, which seriously affects the accuracy of the test results and interferes with the research on the electrical properties of micro-nuclear batteries.

[0006] In response to the above problems, it is urgent to develop a more accurate and efficient way to test the electrical performance of micro-nuclear batteries. The electrostatic accelerator is a linear accelerator that uses an electrostatic high-voltage generator to accelerate charged particles. It has the advantages of a rich variety of particle sources, good intensity stability of the particle beam, high energy, and low energy divergence. Using the equivalent isotope radioactive source of the electrostatic accelerator to carry out micro-nuclear battery performance testing is of great significance to the development of micro-nuclear battery technology. However, the current electrostatic accelerator is not equipped with a dedicated beam channel for micro-nuclear battery performance testing. The minimum particle beam intensity provided by the electrostatic accelerator is still 3-6 orders of magnitude higher than the intensity required for conducting micro-nuclear battery performance testing. It has not yet been possible to use the existing electrostatic accelerator beam channel and the supporting irradiation target chamber to carry out micro-nuclear battery performance testing and complete the precise measurement of key performance indicators. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a micro-nuclear battery performance testing device and method based on an electrostatic accelerator to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot use an electrostatic accelerator to complete the accurate measurement of key performance indicators.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a micro nuclear battery performance testing device based on an electrostatic accelerator, comprising a base plate, and a front suspension frame, a monitoring detector frame, a sample frame and a rear suspension frame arranged on the base plate in a straight line; the front suspension frame is provided with a front center hole and a scattering target, the scattering target is provided with a gold film and multiple beam channel holes, the gold film covers the multiple beam channel holes, and the multiple beam channel holes are all aligned with the front center hole; the monitoring detector frame is used to place the monitoring detector in an oblique arrangement; the sample frame is used to place the sample in an oblique arrangement; the rear suspension frame is used to be fixed in the vacuum chamber of the electrostatic accelerator, the rear suspension frame is provided with a rear center hole, and the rear center hole is aligned with the front center hole.

[0009] In one embodiment, the base plate is provided with a plurality of middle sockets along a straight line, and the plurality of middle sockets are used for selecting installation positions of the monitoring detector bracket and the sample bracket, and the plurality of middle sockets are connected to the monitoring detector bracket and the sample bracket in a plug-in manner.

[0010] In one embodiment, a detachable scattering target holder is provided on the front suspension frame, and the scattering target holder is provided with the scattering target.

[0011] In one embodiment, a connecting rod is connected between the front suspension frame and the rear suspension frame.

[0012] In one embodiment, the monitoring detector bracket and the sample bracket are both in the shape of a right triangle, and the hypotenuse surfaces of the monitoring detector bracket and the sample bracket are both facing the direction of the front suspension bracket; the hypotenuse surface of the monitoring detector bracket is used to place the monitoring detector; the hypotenuse surface of the sample bracket is used to place the sample.

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides a micro-nuclear battery performance testing method based on an electrostatic accelerator, which is characterized by applying the above-mentioned micro-nuclear battery performance testing device and comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1, calibrate the particle beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator;

[0015] S2, after the particle beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator is calibrated, the nuclear battery sample to be tested is mounted on the sample holder, the nuclear battery sample to be tested is connected to the digital source meter, the electrostatic accelerator is started and the performance test of the nuclear battery sample to be tested is started;

[0016] S3, adjusting the acceleration voltage and beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator to measure the output characteristic curve and electrical performance parameters of the nuclear battery sample to be tested when equipped with isotope radiation sources of various types and activities.

[0017] In one embodiment, step S1 includes the following operations:

[0018] S11, installing a first monitoring detector on a monitoring detector holder, installing a second monitoring detector on a sample holder, and connecting signal lines of the first monitoring detector and the second monitoring detector to an ammeter;

[0019] S12, starting the electrostatic accelerator, introducing the particle beam into the irradiation chamber and vertically bombarding the scattering target;

[0020] S13, using the ammeter to record the output current signal values ​​I of the first monitoring detector and the second monitoring detector. A and I B , and calculate the particle beam intensity T of the second monitoring detector B ;

[0021] S14, maintaining the acceleration voltage of the electrostatic accelerator unchanged, adjusting the beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator, and obtaining T B with I A The linear relationship between

[0022] S15, adjusting the acceleration voltage of the electrostatic accelerator, and repeating the operation of S14 to obtain T B with I A Linear relationship at different particle energies;

[0023] In one embodiment, in step S13, there exists a relationship:

[0024]

[0025] Wherein, ω is the average ionization energy of the semiconductor material of the second monitoring detector, e is the electron charge, and E is the particle energy provided by the electrostatic accelerator;

[0026] In step S14, T B with I A The linear relationship between them is:

[0027] T B =aI A +b

[0028] Where a and b are the slope and intercept of the linear relationship, respectively.

[0029] In one embodiment, in step S3, the electrical performance parameters of the nuclear battery sample to be tested include the open circuit voltage V OC , short-circuit current I SC , maximum output power P max , filling factor FF, energy conversion efficiency η.

[0030] In one embodiment, the open circuit voltage V OC and the short-circuit current I SC Extracted from the current-voltage characteristic curve measured by the digital source meter; the maximum output power P max Extracted from the power-voltage characteristic curve measured by the digital source meter;

[0031] The calculation formula of the filling factor FF is:

[0032]

[0033] The calculation formula of the energy conversion efficiency η is:

[0034]

[0035] Wherein, e is the electron charge, and E is the particle energy provided by the electrostatic accelerator.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] The above-mentioned micro nuclear battery performance testing device can be used in conjunction with an electrostatic accelerator, thereby realizing the acquisition of output characteristic curves and electrical performance parameters of the nuclear battery sample to be tested when equipped with isotope radiation sources of various types and activities, effectively solving the problem that the existing technology cannot use electrostatic accelerators to complete accurate measurement of key performance indicators. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the implementation. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the bottom plate structure;

[0041] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the front suspension structure;

[0042] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the monitoring detector bracket and sample bracket structure;

[0043] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the monitoring detector tray structure;

[0044] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the sample tray structure;

[0045] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the rear suspension structure;

[0046] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the scattering target structure;

[0047] Figure 9 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connecting rod structure;

[0048] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the scattering target stand structure;

[0049] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 12is the particle beam intensity calibration diagram;

[0051] Figure 13 This is the current-voltage characteristic curve of the micro nuclear battery;

[0052] Figure 14 This is the power-voltage characteristic curve of the micro nuclear battery.

[0053] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0054] 10. Bottom plate; 11. Front jack; 12. Rear jack; 13. Middle jack;

[0055] 20. Front suspension bracket; 21. Front center hole; 22. Front hole;

[0056] 30. Monitoring detector bracket; 31. Monitoring detector tray; 32. Monitoring detector wiring hole;

[0057] 40. Sample holder; 41. Sample tray; 42. Sample wiring hole;

[0058] 50, rear suspension bracket; 51, rear center hole; 52, rear square hole; 53, rear fixing hole;

[0059] 60. Scattering target; 61. Gold film; 62. Beam channel hole;

[0060] 70. Connecting rod;

[0061] 80. Scattering target stand; 81. Center hole on the target; 82. Hole above the target. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] The present invention provides a micro nuclear battery performance testing device based on an electrostatic accelerator, which is implemented as follows: Figures 1 to 11As shown, it includes a base plate 10, and a front suspension frame 20, a monitoring detector bracket 30, a sample bracket 40 and a rear suspension frame 50 arranged on the base plate 10 in a straight line. The base plate 10 has a length of 100-150 mm and a width of 15-25 mm. The front suspension frame 20 is provided with a front center hole 21 and a scattering target 60. The aperture of the front center hole 21 is 15-25 mm, and the diameter of the scattering target 60 is 10-15 mm. The scattering target 60 is provided with a gold film 61 and multiple beam channel holes 62. The thickness of the gold film 61 is 50-100 nm. The gold film 61 covers the multiple beam channel holes 62. 2. Multiple beam channel holes 62 are arranged in a circular array, and the multiple beam channel holes 62 are aligned with the front center hole 21. The aperture of the multiple beam channel holes 62 is 1-2 mm. The monitoring detector bracket 30 is used to place the monitoring detector in an oblique arrangement. The sample bracket 40 is used to place the sample in an oblique arrangement. The rear suspension frame 50 is used to be fixed in the vacuum chamber of the electrostatic accelerator, specifically, it is fixed to the electrostatic accelerator using its rear fixing hole 53. The rear suspension frame 50 is provided with a rear center hole 51, which is aligned with the front center hole 21. The aperture of the rear center hole 51 is 10-20 mm.

[0064] During application, a particle beam with an intensity of n emitted by an electrostatic accelerator is perpendicularly incident on the surface of a scattering target 60 and penetrates a gold film 61 (the particles may be protons or helium ions). The majority of the unscattered particle beam does not change its direction of motion and has an intensity of n′. A small portion of the scattered particle beam diverges along a direction 0 to 90 degrees from the incident direction. According to the Rutherford scattering formula, the intensity dn of the particle beam scattered within a solid angle dΩ in the direction θ is:

[0065]

[0066] Wherein, N is the number of gold atoms contained in the gold film 61 per unit volume; t is the thickness of the gold film 61; ε0 is the dielectric constant of vacuum; Z is the atomic number of gold; e is the electron charge; and E is the particle energy provided by the electrostatic accelerator.

[0067] The above-mentioned micro nuclear battery performance testing device can be used in conjunction with an electrostatic accelerator, thereby realizing the acquisition of output characteristic curves and electrical performance parameters of the nuclear battery sample to be tested when equipped with isotope radiation sources of various types and activities, effectively solving the problem that the existing technology cannot use electrostatic accelerators to complete accurate measurement of key performance indicators.

[0068] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, at this time, a front jack 11 and a rear jack 12 are sequentially provided on the bottom plate 10 along a straight line direction; the plug-in and unplugging parts of the front jack 11 and the front suspension frame 20 are both rectangular, thereby realizing a plug-in connection between the front jack 11 and the front suspension frame 20; the plug-in and unplugging parts of the rear jack 12 and the rear suspension frame 50 are both rectangular, thereby realizing a plug-in connection between the rear jack 12 and the rear suspension frame 50.

[0069] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment further provides a base plate 10 with a plurality of middle jacks 13 along a straight line, and the plurality of middle jacks 13 are arranged between the front jack 11 and the rear jack 12. The plurality of middle jacks 13 are used for selecting installation positions for the monitoring detector bracket 30 and the sample bracket 40. The plurality of middle jacks 13 and the monitoring detector bracket 30 and the sample bracket 40 are all connected in a plug-in manner.

[0070] Specifically, the middle jack 13, the plug-in and unplugging parts of the monitoring detector bracket 30, and the plug-in and unplugging parts of the sample bracket 40 are all rectangular, thereby realizing plug-in connections between multiple middle jacks 13 and the monitoring detector bracket 30 and the sample bracket 40.

[0071] After adopting this configuration, the monitoring detector bracket 30 and the sample bracket 40 can have multiple installation options, thereby facilitating adjustment of the installation positions of the monitoring detector bracket 30 and the sample bracket 40 according to different experimental requirements.

[0072] like Figure 1 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, a connecting rod 70 is connected between the front suspension frame 20 and the rear suspension frame 50 .

[0073] After adopting this setting method, the two ends of the connecting rod 70 will be connected to the upper part of the front suspension frame 20 and the rear suspension frame 50 respectively, and the two ends of the base plate 10 will be connected to the lower part of the front suspension frame 20 and the rear suspension frame 50 respectively, thereby making the installation connection of the front suspension frame 20 and the rear suspension frame 50 more stable.

[0074] In order to realize the connection and fixation between the connecting rod 70 and the front suspension frame 20 and the rear suspension frame 50, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment is provided with a front hole 22 on the front suspension frame 20 and a rear hole 52 on the rear suspension frame 50, and the two ends of the connecting rod 70 respectively match the shape and size of the front hole 22 and the rear hole 52, so as to facilitate the two ends of the connecting rod 70 to be inserted into the front hole 22 and the rear hole 52 respectively.

[0075] And if Figure 1 and Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, a detachable scattering target holder 80 is provided on the front suspension frame 20 , and a scattering target 60 is provided on the scattering target holder 80 .

[0076] With this arrangement, the scattering target 60 is fixed by the scattering target holder 80. For different scattering targets 60, only a different scattering target holder 80 needs to be designed, without having to redesign the front suspension frame 20. Since the front suspension frame 20 also needs to be connected to multiple components, such as the base plate 10, the rear suspension frame 50, and the connecting rod 70, the aforementioned arrangement avoids the need for modification to the front suspension frame 20, thereby simplifying the configuration and changes of the entire device.

[0077] For example, the center hole 81 on the scattering target holder 80 in this embodiment is 10-15 mm. The center hole 81 is used to detachably mount the scattering target 60 . The size of the center hole 81 only needs to be adjusted according to the size of the scattering target 60 .

[0078] In order to achieve the connection and fixation between the scattering target frame 80 and the front suspension frame 20, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, a target upper hole 82 having a shape and size matching that of the end of the connecting rod 70 is provided on the scattering target holder 80 , and the end of the connecting rod 70 is inserted into the target upper hole 82 .

[0079] After adopting this setting method, the connecting rod 70 can not only realize the connection and fixation between the front suspension frame 20 and the rear suspension frame 50, but also the end of the connecting rod 70 can be used to pass through the target upper hole 82 on the scattering target frame 80 again, thereby connecting and fixing the scattering target frame 80 to the front suspension frame 20.

[0080] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the monitoring detector bracket 30 and the sample bracket 40 are both in the shape of a right triangle, and the hypotenuse surfaces of the monitoring detector bracket 30 and the sample bracket 40 are both facing the direction of the front suspension bracket 20; the hypotenuse surface of the monitoring detector bracket 30 is used to place the monitoring detector; the hypotenuse surface of the sample bracket 40 is used to place the sample.

[0081] After adopting this setting method, the placement direction of the monitoring detector and the sample can be ensured to be accurate to meet the usage requirements during the test process; and the size of the detection bracket of this embodiment is smaller than that of the sample bracket 40, which is more in line with the usage requirements in actual testing conditions.

[0082] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, at this time, the height of the monitoring detector bracket 30 is 20-25 mm, the tilt angle a1 is 30°-45°, the height of the sample bracket 40 is 30-35 mm, and the tilt angle a2 is 30°-45°.

[0083] In addition, in order to make the installation and application of monitoring detectors and samples more convenient, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment is provided with a monitoring detector tray 31 on the oblique surface of the monitoring detector bracket 30, the length and width of the monitoring detector tray 31 are in the range of 20-30 mm, and the monitoring detector tray 31 is provided with a monitoring detector wiring hole 32, the monitoring detector tray 31 is used to place the monitoring detector, and the monitoring detector wiring hole 32 is used for routing the wires of the monitoring detector; the oblique surface of the sample bracket 40 is provided with a sample tray 41, the length and width of the sample tray 41 are in the range of 20-30 mm, and the sample tray 41 is provided with a sample wiring hole 42, the sample tray 41 is used to place the sample, and the sample wiring hole 42 is used for routing the wires of the sample.

[0084] In order to better illustrate the application of the above-mentioned micro-nuclear battery performance testing device, the present invention also provides a micro-nuclear battery performance testing method based on an electrostatic accelerator, which applies the above-mentioned micro-nuclear battery performance testing device and includes the following steps:

[0085] S1, calibrate the particle beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator;

[0086] Step S1 includes the following operations:

[0087] S11, installing a first monitoring detector on the monitoring detector holder 30, installing a second monitoring detector on the sample holder 40, and connecting the signal lines of the first monitoring detector and the second monitoring detector to the ammeter;

[0088] S12, starting the electrostatic accelerator to introduce the particle beam into the irradiation chamber and vertically bombard the scattering target 60;

[0089] S13, using an ammeter to record the output current signal values ​​I of the first monitoring detector and the second monitoring detector A and I B , and calculate the particle beam intensity T of the second monitoring detector B ;

[0090] In step S13, there is a relationship:

[0091]

[0092] Where ω is the average ionization energy of the semiconductor material of the second monitoring detector, e is the electron charge, and E is the particle energy provided by the electrostatic accelerator;

[0093] S14, keep the acceleration voltage of the electrostatic accelerator unchanged, adjust the beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator, and obtain T B with I A The linear relationship between

[0094] In step S14, T B with I A The linear relationship between them is:

[0095] T B =aI A +b

[0096] Where a and b are the slope and intercept of the linear relationship respectively;

[0097] S15, adjust the acceleration voltage of the electrostatic accelerator, and repeat the operation of S14 to obtain T B with I A Linear relationship at different particle energies;

[0098] S2, after the particle beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator is calibrated, the nuclear battery sample to be tested is mounted on the sample holder 40, the nuclear battery sample to be tested is connected to the digital source meter, the electrostatic accelerator is started and the performance test of the nuclear battery sample to be tested begins;

[0099] S3, adjusting the acceleration voltage and beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator to measure the output characteristic curve and electrical performance parameters of the nuclear battery sample under test when equipped with isotope radioactive sources of various types and activities;

[0100] In step S3, the electrical performance parameters of the nuclear battery sample to be tested include the open circuit voltage V OC , short-circuit current I SC , maximum output power P max , filling factor FF, energy conversion efficiency η;

[0101] Open circuit voltage V OC and short-circuit current I SC Extracted from the current-voltage characteristic curve measured by the digital source meter;

[0102] Maximum output power P max Extracted from the power-voltage characteristic curve measured by the digital source meter;

[0103] The calculation formula of filling factor FF is:

[0104]

[0105] The calculation formula for energy conversion efficiency η is:

[0106]

[0107] Where e is the electron charge and E is the particle energy provided by the electrostatic accelerator.

[0108] As can be seen from the above, the performance test method of micro-nuclear batteries mainly includes two steps, one is beam intensity calibration, and the other is electrical performance testing. The following will explain it in conjunction with specific experiments.

[0109] 1. Beam Intensity Calibration

[0110] A silicon carbide semiconductor detector A is installed on the monitoring detector tray 31, and a silicon semiconductor detector B is installed on the sample tray 41. The signal lines of the two detectors are connected to the galvanometer through the signal interface provided by the electrostatic accelerator vacuum chamber;

[0111] The electrostatic accelerator is started to introduce a proton beam with an energy E of 1.5 MeV into the irradiation chamber and vertically bombard the scattering target 60;

[0112] Use an ammeter to simultaneously record the output current signal value I of silicon carbide semiconductor detector A and silicon semiconductor detector B A and I B , the output current signal value of the silicon semiconductor detector B is related to the beam intensity T at that position B The relationship between them is:

[0113]

[0114] like Figure 12 As shown, keep the acceleration voltage of the electrostatic accelerator unchanged, adjust the beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator, and obtain T B with I A The linear relationship between them is:

[0115] T B =1.27×10 5 I A +1.92×10 6

[0116] 2. Electrical performance test

[0117] After completing the particle beam intensity calibration, remove the silicon semiconductor detector B and replace it with a radiation photovoltaic nuclear battery sample to be tested. Connect the wires of the sample to be tested to the digital source meter through the signal interface provided by the irradiation chamber, start the electrostatic accelerator and start the micro nuclear battery performance test. Adjust the particle beam intensity of the accelerator and monitor the detector reading I by observing the A , so that the particle intensity T received by the surface of the sample to be tested B It stabilized at 8.9×10 7 / cm 2 , 1.3×108 / cm 2 , 2.1 x 10 8 / cm 2 The output characteristic curves of the samples were measured by digital source table under the above three T B conditions, as shown in FIGS. 1-3. Figure 13 and Figure 14 The electrical performance parameters of the samples were extracted from the output characteristic curves, as shown in Table 1.

[0118] Table 1 Test results of electrical performance parameters of micro nuclear batteries

[0119]

[0120] The above describes the preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, which are also considered within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A micro nuclear battery performance testing device based on an electrostatic accelerator, characterized in that: It includes a base plate, and a front suspension frame, a monitoring detector frame, a sample frame and a rear suspension frame which are sequentially arranged on the base plate along a straight line. The front suspension frame is provided with a front center hole and a scattering target, the scattering target is provided with a gold film and a plurality of beam channel holes, the gold film covers the plurality of beam channel holes, and the plurality of beam channel holes are aligned with the front center hole; The monitoring detector bracket is used to place the monitoring detector in an oblique arrangement; The sample holder is used to place the sample in an oblique arrangement; The rear suspension frame is used to be fixed in the vacuum chamber of the electrostatic accelerator. The rear suspension frame is provided with a rear center hole, and the rear center hole is aligned with the front center hole.

2. The micro-nuclear battery performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate is provided with a plurality of middle jacks along a straight line, and the plurality of middle jacks are used for selecting installation positions of the monitoring detector bracket and the sample bracket, and the plurality of middle jacks are connected to the monitoring detector bracket and the sample bracket in a plug-in manner.

3. The micro-nuclear battery performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front suspension frame is provided with a detachable scattering target frame, and the scattering target frame is provided with the scattering target.

4. The micro nuclear battery performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting rod is connected between the front suspension frame and the rear suspension frame.

5. The micro nuclear battery performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring detector bracket and the sample bracket are both in the shape of a right triangle, and the hypotenuse surfaces of the monitoring detector bracket and the sample bracket are both facing the direction where the front suspension bracket is located; The beveled surface of the monitoring detector bracket is used for placing the monitoring detector; The beveled surface of the sample holder is used for placing samples.

6. A micro-nuclear battery performance testing method based on an electrostatic accelerator, characterized in that: The micro-nuclear battery performance testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is applied, and includes the following steps: S1, calibrate the particle beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator; S2, after the particle beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator is calibrated, the nuclear battery sample to be tested is mounted on the sample holder, the nuclear battery sample to be tested is connected to the digital source meter, the electrostatic accelerator is started and the performance test of the nuclear battery sample to be tested is started; S3, adjusting the acceleration voltage and beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator to measure the output characteristic curve and electrical performance parameters of the nuclear battery sample to be tested when equipped with isotope radiation sources of various types and activities.

7. The micro-nuclear battery performance testing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S1 includes the following operations: S11, installing a first monitoring detector on a monitoring detector holder, installing a second monitoring detector on a sample holder, and connecting signal lines of the first monitoring detector and the second monitoring detector to an ammeter; S12, starting the electrostatic accelerator, introducing the particle beam into the irradiation chamber and vertically bombarding the scattering target; S13, using the ammeter to record the output current signal values ​​I of the first monitoring detector and the second monitoring detector. A and I B , and calculate the particle beam intensity T of the second monitoring detector B ; S14, maintaining the acceleration voltage of the electrostatic accelerator unchanged, adjusting the beam intensity of the electrostatic accelerator, and obtaining T B with I A The linear relationship between S15, adjusting the acceleration voltage of the electrostatic accelerator, and repeating the operation of S14 to obtain T B with I A Linear relationship at different particle energies.

8. The micro-nuclear battery performance testing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S13, there is a relationship: Wherein, ω is the average ionization energy of the semiconductor material of the second monitoring detector, e is the electron charge, and E is the particle energy provided by the electrostatic accelerator; In step S14, T B with I A The linear relationship between them is: Where a and b are the slope and intercept of the linear relationship, respectively.

9. The micro-nuclear battery performance testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, the electrical performance parameters of the nuclear battery sample to be tested include the open circuit voltage V OC , short-circuit current I SC , maximum output power P max , filling factor FF, energy conversion efficiency η.

10. The micro-nuclear battery performance testing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The open circuit voltage V OC and the short-circuit current I SC extracting from the current-voltage characteristic curve measured by the digital source meter; The maximum output power P max Extracted from the power-voltage characteristic curve measured by the digital source meter; The calculation formula of the filling factor FF is: The calculation formula of the energy conversion efficiency η is: Wherein, e is the electron charge, and E is the particle energy provided by the electrostatic accelerator.

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