Photovoltaic module, method and device for detecting hot spot of photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic module, a hot spot detection method and a detection device for the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises: at least one cell group, the cell group comprising two cell strings connected in series, each cell string comprising a plurality of cell pieces connected in series; each cell group has at least one test cell piece, the front side welding strip of the test cell piece being connected with a first bus bar, and the back side welding strip of the test cell piece being connected with a second bus bar; and at least one working condition detection module, the at least one working condition detection module being connected with the at least one cell group in one-to-one correspondence, and the working condition detection module being used for detecting the working condition parameters of the test cell piece in the cell group. The influence of the hot spot state of the test cell piece can be fully evaluated, and real-time monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the photovoltaic system are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module, a method for detecting hot spots in a photovoltaic module, and a detection device. Background Technology

[0002] Hot spots are a significant concern in photovoltaic (PV) modules, as they can severely impact power performance and long-term reliability. Hot spots primarily arise because some cells within the PV module are shaded or have defects, causing them to generate significantly less current under illumination compared to other cells. When these cells are short-circuited by bypass diodes, they consume energy generated by other normally functioning cells, leading to a localized temperature increase and the formation of hot spots.

[0003] Currently, hot spot testing is typically conducted in laboratories, focusing primarily on temperature changes within the hot spot module. The limitation of this method is the lack of testing data on photovoltaic modules in real-world application environments, making it impossible to comprehensively assess the actual impact of hot spots on photovoltaic modules under combined environmental conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a photovoltaic module, a method for detecting hot spots in photovoltaic modules, and a detection device for detecting hot spots in photovoltaic modules, in order to address the lack of test data for photovoltaic modules in actual application environments in existing technologies, which makes it impossible to comprehensively assess the actual impact of hot spots on photovoltaic modules in comprehensive environments.

[0005] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module comprising:

[0006] At least one battery pack, the battery pack comprising two battery strings connected in series, each battery string comprising a plurality of battery cells connected in series; each battery pack having at least one test battery cell, the front solder strip of the test battery cell being connected to a first busbar, and the back solder strip of the test battery cell being connected to a second busbar;

[0007] At least one operating condition detection module is provided, and at least one operating condition detection module is connected to at least one of the battery packs in a one-to-one correspondence. The operating condition detection module is used to detect the operating condition parameters of the test cells in the battery pack.

[0008] Optionally, the operating condition detection module includes:

[0009] A first voltage detection module is connected between the first busbar and the second busbar. The first voltage detection module is used to detect the voltage of the shaded area of ​​the test cell.

[0010] A first resistance detection module is connected between the first busbar and the second busbar. The first resistance detection module is used to detect the resistance of the shaded area of ​​the test cell.

[0011] Optionally, the operating condition detection module further includes:

[0012] A first current detection module is connected in series between the two battery strings of the battery pack. The first current detection module is used to detect the current of the test battery cell.

[0013] Optionally, the battery pack further includes a bypass diode connected in series between the two battery strings; the operating condition detection module further includes:

[0014] A second current detection module is connected between the positive terminal of the bypass diode and the connected battery string. The second current detection module is used to detect the current of the bypass diode.

[0015] Secondly, this disclosure provides a method for detecting hot spots in photovoltaic modules, the method comprising:

[0016] The test cells of the problematic battery pack were obscured by a preset ratio;

[0017] Obtain the real-time operating parameters of the test battery cell, which is shaded by a preset ratio, within a preset time period;

[0018] Obtain the real-time temperature parameters of the test battery cell that is shaded by a preset ratio within a preset time period;

[0019] Based on the real-time operating parameters and real-time temperature parameters of the test solar cells with a preset ratio of shading during a preset time period, the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the solar cells with a hot spot area of ​​a preset ratio is obtained.

[0020] Optionally, the real-time operating parameters of the test cell include the current of the test cell, the voltage of the shaded area of ​​the test cell, and the resistance of the shaded area of ​​the test cell.

[0021] Optionally, the detection method further includes:

[0022] Obtain the current of the bypass diodes of each battery pack, and identify the battery packs with current flowing through the bypass diodes as the problem battery packs.

[0023] Optionally, the detection method further includes:

[0024] Obtain the real-time operating parameters of the unshaded test cell within a preset time period to obtain the output power of the unshaded test cell;

[0025] Based on the real-time operating parameters of the test battery cell with a preset shading ratio, the output power of the shading area of ​​the test battery cell is obtained;

[0026] The power loss in the shading area is obtained based on the output power of the unshaded test cell and the output power of the shading area.

[0027] Thirdly, this disclosure provides a hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules, used to detect the photovoltaic modules as described in the first aspect; the hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules includes:

[0028] The shading simulation module is used to shade the test cells of the problematic battery pack at a preset ratio.

[0029] The operating condition parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the real-time operating condition parameters of the test battery cell that is shaded by a preset ratio within a preset time period.

[0030] The temperature detection module acquires the real-time temperature parameters of the test battery cell, which is shaded by a preset ratio, within a preset time period.

[0031] The determination module determines the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the test solar cells with a preset ratio of hot spot area within a preset time period, based on the real-time operating parameters and real-time temperature parameters of the test solar cells with a preset ratio of hot spot area.

[0032] Optionally, the operating condition parameter acquisition module is further configured to acquire real-time operating condition parameters of the unshaded test cells within a preset time period; the hot spot detection device for the photovoltaic module further includes:

[0033] The loss calculation module is used to obtain the real-time operating parameters of the unshaded test cell within a preset time period to obtain the output power of the unshaded test cell; according to the real-time operating parameters of the test cell with a preset ratio of shading, obtain the output power of the shading area of ​​the test cell; and according to the output power of the unshaded test cell and the output power of the shading area, obtain the power loss of the shading area.

[0034] The photovoltaic module, hot spot detection method and device disclosed herein have the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The photovoltaic module disclosed herein uses a test cell in each cell string to simulate hot spots. Each cell string has at least one operating condition detection module, which can detect the operating condition parameters (such as voltage, resistance, and current) of the test cell in the cell string. This allows the test cell to obtain operating condition parameters in both non-hot spot and simulated hot spot states in actual application environments. This enables a full assessment of the impact of the hot spot state of the test cell and achieves real-time monitoring and evaluation of the photovoltaic system performance.

[0036] The hot spot detection method for photovoltaic modules disclosed herein is applied to outdoor photovoltaic modules and can assess the impact of hot spots on photovoltaic modules in actual application environments, providing reference data for the operation, maintenance and management of photovoltaic modules.

[0037] The hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules disclosed herein is applied to outdoor photovoltaic modules and can assess the impact of hot spots on photovoltaic modules in actual application environments, providing reference data for the operation, maintenance and management of photovoltaic modules. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the test cell and the operating condition detection module in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the test battery cell and the first voltage detection module and the first resistance detection module in one embodiment.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the test battery cell and the first voltage detection module and the first resistance detection module when the test battery cell is blocked, according to one embodiment.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a method for detecting hot spots in a photovoltaic module provided in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a photovoltaic module hot spot detection device provided in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 7This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device provided in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the application. However, this application may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0048] Currently, hot spot testing of photovoltaic modules is typically conducted in a laboratory, focusing primarily on the temperature changes of the hot spot. This testing method cannot comprehensively assess the actual impact of hot spots on photovoltaic modules under combined environmental conditions. For example, factors such as temperature and sunlight in the outdoor environment can affect the hot spot effect, and these factors are not adequately considered in single-factor hot spot testing.

[0049] According to an exemplary embodiment, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic module, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes at least one battery pack 10 and at least one operating condition detection module 20; the battery pack 10 includes two battery strings 30 connected in series, each battery string 30 including a plurality of battery cells connected in series; each battery pack 10 has at least one test cell 40, the front solder strip of the test cell 40 is connected to a first busbar 41, and the back solder strip of the test cell 40 is connected to a second busbar 42; at least one operating condition detection module 20 is connected to at least one battery pack 10 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the operating condition detection module 20 is used to detect the operating condition parameters of the test cell 40 in the battery pack 10.

[0050] Specifically, each cell has a front solder strip connected to its front side and a back solder strip connected to its back side. Along the arrangement direction of the multiple cells, the front solder strip of each cell in the cell string 30 is connected to the back solder strip of the previous cell, and the back solder strip of each cell in the cell string 30 is connected to the front solder strip of the next cell, so that the multiple cells in the cell string 30 are connected in series sequentially.

[0051] In each battery pack 10, the front solder strip of the test cell 40 is not directly connected to the back solder strip of the previous cell. The front solder strip of the test cell 40 is connected to the first busbar 41, and the back solder strip of the previous cell is connected to the front solder strip of the test cell 40 through the first busbar 41. The back solder strip of the test cell 40 is connected to the second busbar 42. The back of the photovoltaic module has lead-out holes (not shown in the figure). The first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42 extend from the lead-out holes to the outside of the photovoltaic module, and the edges of the lead-out holes are sealed with insulating material. At least one operating condition detection module 20 can be connected to the first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42 to form a detection circuit to detect the operating condition parameters of the test cell 40.

[0052] In this embodiment of the photovoltaic module, a test cell 40 is set in each cell string 30. The test cell 40 can be used to simulate hot spots. Each cell group 10 has at least one operating condition detection module 20. The operating condition detection module 20 can detect the operating condition parameters (such as voltage, resistance, and current) of the test cell 40 in the cell group 10, and obtain the operating condition parameters of the test cell 40 in the actual application environment when it is in a non-hot spot state and a simulated hot spot state. The impact of the hot spot state of the test cell 40 can be fully evaluated, and real-time monitoring and evaluation of the photovoltaic system performance can be realized.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the operating condition detection module 20 includes a first voltage detection module 21 and a first resistance detection module 22.

[0054] The first voltage detection module 21 is connected between the first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42. The first voltage detection module 21 is used to detect the voltage of the shaded area 50 of the test cell 40. It can be understood that when the test cell 40 is in a non-hotspot state, the first voltage detection module 21 detects the voltage of the test cell 40 in this non-hotspot state. When the test cell 40 is in a simulated hotspot state, the first voltage detection module 21 detects the voltage change in the shaded area 50 of the test cell 40, which can evaluate the voltage output of the test cell 40 in the simulated hotspot state.

[0055] The first resistance detection module 22 is connected between the first busbar 41 and the second busbar 42. The first resistance detection module 22 is used to detect the resistance of the shielded area 50 of the test cell 40. When the test cell 40 is in a non-hotspot state, the first resistance detection module 22 detects the resistance of the test cell 40 in the non-hotspot state; when the test cell 40 is in a simulated hotspot state, the first resistance detection module 22 detects the resistance of the shielded area 50 of the test cell 40.

[0056] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module has a first voltage detection module 21 and a first resistance detection module 22 that monitor the voltage output and resistance changes of the test cell 40 in real time. This allows for timely detection and resolution of potential problems in the photovoltaic module, helping to reduce system downtime caused by faults and improve the overall reliability and stability of the photovoltaic system.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the operating condition detection module 20 also includes a first current detection module 23, which is connected in series between the two battery strings 30 of the battery pack 10. The first current detection module 23 is used to detect the current of the test cell 40. It can be understood that multiple cells of the two battery strings 30 in the battery pack 10 are connected in series, and the current detected by the first current detection module 23 is the current of the test cell 40.

[0058] One end of the first current detection module 23 is connected to the input end of one of the two battery strings 30. The busbar of the input end of this battery string 30 extends out of the back panel of the photovoltaic module and connects to the first current detection module 23. The other end of the first current detection module 23 is connected to the output end of the other battery string 30. The busbar of the output end of this battery string 30 extends out of the back panel of the photovoltaic module and connects to the first current detection module 23.

[0059] The power of the test cell 40 can be calculated in real time through the first current detection module 23 and the first voltage detection module 21. Power (P=IV) can be used to detect abnormalities such as power drop of the test cell 40 in a timely manner, which is conducive to timely detection and resolution of potential problems in photovoltaic modules.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the battery pack 10 also includes a bypass diode 60 connected in series between two battery strings 30; the operating condition detection module 20 also includes a second current detection module 24 connected between the positive terminal of the bypass diode 60 and the connected battery string 30, and the second current detection module 24 is used to detect the current of the bypass diode 60.

[0061] The second current detection module 24 is located between the input terminal of a battery string 30 and the output terminal of a bypass diode 60. The busbar at the input terminal of the battery string 30 extends out of the back panel of the photovoltaic module and connects to the second current detection module 24.

[0062] When all the cells in the battery pack 10 are generating electricity normally, the current in the bypass diode 60 is zero. When a hot spot problem occurs in a cell of the photovoltaic module, a forward bias voltage is formed across the bypass diode 60, causing it to conduct. This allows the operating current to bypass the faulty module and flow through the bypass diode 60. If the second current detection module 24 detects that the current in the bypass diode 60 is not zero, it indicates that a hot spot problem has occurred in a cell of the battery pack 10.

[0063] In some other embodiments, the battery pack 10 also includes a second voltage detection module (not shown in the figure) connected in parallel with the bypass diode 60, which is used to detect the voltage of the bypass diode 60. When the second voltage detection module detects that the voltage of the bypass diode 60 is not zero, it indicates that there is a hot spot problem in the battery cell of the battery pack 10.

[0064] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes at least one bypass module (not shown in the figure), with each battery pack 10 connected in parallel with a bypass module. The bypass module is used to bypass the battery pack 10 when the test cell 40 of the battery pack 10 reaches abnormal operating parameters.

[0065] In this embodiment, when the photovoltaic module is in use, the operating condition detection module 20 detects the operating parameters of the test cell 40 to ensure it is in a non-hotspot state. Simultaneously, the second current detection module 24 monitors the current of the bypass diode 60 in real time. If the second current detection module 24 detects current, then a hotspot problem has occurred in a cell within the battery pack 10, and the battery pack 10 is identified as a problematic battery pack. The problematic cell within the problematic battery pack is identified using external equipment, and the hotspot area of ​​the problematic cell is further obtained. The proportion of the hotspot area of ​​the problematic cell is a preset ratio.

[0066] The test cell 40 is shaded by a preset ratio to simulate a hot spot state. The operating condition parameters of the test cell 40 with the preset ratio of shaded area are detected by the operating condition detection module 20. The real-time temperature parameters of the test cell 40 with the preset ratio of shaded area are obtained by an external device within a preset time period; the correspondence between the operating condition parameters and temperature parameters of the cell with the hot spot area of ​​the preset ratio is obtained.

[0067] Based on the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the solar cells with a hot spot area of ​​a preset ratio, the critical operating parameters for the test solar cell 40 to reach the critical temperature are determined, and the abnormal operating parameters of the test solar cell 40 are also determined. The abnormal operating parameters of the test solar cell 40 are the parameters before the test cell reaches the critical operating parameters. When the test solar cell 40 of the solar cell group 10 reaches the abnormal operating parameters, the problematic solar cell group is bypassed through the bypass module, removing it from the entire photovoltaic system. This allows the current to flow around the problematic solar cell group, ensuring that the power generation of other normal solar cell groups 10 is not affected. Taking appropriate measures for the problematic solar cell group and promptly resolving potential problems in the photovoltaic module can extend the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0068] It should be noted that the critical temperature in this application is the temperature that ensures the safe operation of the photovoltaic cell system. When the temperature generated by the hot spot effect exceeds the critical temperature, the photovoltaic cell module may suffer serious damage, including solder melting, grid line damage, etc., and may even lead to the scrapping of the entire photovoltaic module. In addition, the long-term hot spot effect will also accelerate the aging process of the photovoltaic panel, reducing its power generation efficiency and service life.

[0069] Typically, the critical temperature of a photovoltaic module is 60℃, but this value is not absolute. The critical temperature can vary depending on factors such as the type of photovoltaic cell, the quality of the module, and the installation environment.

[0070] According to an exemplary embodiment, this disclosure provides a method for detecting hot spots in photovoltaic modules. This method is applied to the power generation application environment of the photovoltaic modules described in the above embodiment. The method can be applied to a terminal, a server, or a system including both a terminal and a server, and is implemented through interaction between the terminal and the server. The terminal can be, but is not limited to, various personal computers, laptops, etc. Figure 5 As shown, the hot spot detection method in this embodiment includes:

[0071] Step S10: Block the test cells of the problematic battery pack by a preset ratio.

[0072] The test cells of the problematic battery pack are shaded by a preset ratio to simulate hot spot conditions. The preset ratio is set according to the operating state of the photovoltaic module; for example, it can be set based on the hot spot area of ​​the problematic battery cell in the problematic battery pack of the photovoltaic module.

[0073] Of course, in other embodiments, a preset ratio can be flexibly set according to testing requirements to adjust the shading area of ​​the test cells of the problematic battery pack.

[0074] Step S20: Obtain the real-time operating parameters of the test cells that are shaded by a preset ratio within a preset time period.

[0075] The photovoltaic module's operating condition detection module detects the operating condition parameters of the test cells in the problematic battery pack, and obtains the real-time operating condition parameters of the test cells under simulated hot spot conditions within a preset time period and with a preset proportion of shade.

[0076] In some embodiments, the real-time operating parameters of the test cell include the current of the test cell, the voltage of the shaded area of ​​the test cell, and the resistance of the shaded area of ​​the test cell.

[0077] Furthermore, the real-time operating parameters of the tested solar cells can also include the output power of the shaded areas of the tested solar cells.

[0078] The preset time can be set according to the type and layout of the photovoltaic module. For example, the preset time can be set to 10 minutes, 15 minutes, or 20 minutes or longer from the start of the shading test cell.

[0079] Step S30: Obtain the real-time temperature parameters of the test cells that are shaded by a preset ratio within a preset time period.

[0080] While acquiring the real-time operating parameters of the test solar cell within a preset time period, the system also acquires the real-time temperature parameters of the test solar cell that is shaded by a preset ratio within the same preset time period, thus obtaining the temperature parameters of the test solar cell. For example, the system can acquire the real-time temperature of the shaded area of ​​the test solar cell within 10 minutes, 15 minutes, or 20 minutes after the test solar cell is shaded.

[0081] Step S40: Based on the real-time operating parameters and real-time temperature parameters of the test cells with a preset ratio of shading within a preset time period, obtain the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the cells with a hot spot area of ​​a preset ratio.

[0082] It is understandable that the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of a solar cell with a hot spot area of ​​a preset ratio can be achieved using charts, data, models, or formulas. The terminal stores this correspondence in a mapping table or database. After the terminal executes the step of obtaining the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the solar cell with a hot spot area of ​​a preset ratio, it parses the correspondence to obtain the operating parameters that match the temperature parameters.

[0083] The hot spot detection method for photovoltaic modules in this embodiment is applied to outdoor photovoltaic modules. It can assess the impact of hot spots on photovoltaic modules in actual application environments, provide reference data for the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic modules, and solve the problem of lack of actual application environment data for hot spot problems of photovoltaic modules.

[0084] The hot spot detection method for photovoltaic modules in this embodiment obtains the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the cells with hot spot area as a preset ratio in the actual application environment. This can provide reference data for the production of photovoltaic modules or cells. The photovoltaic industry can combine the data obtained in this embodiment with the actual application environment of photovoltaic modules to optimize the process, so as to make the photovoltaic modules more suitable for their application environment and reduce the risk of hot spots in the application of photovoltaic modules.

[0085] In some embodiments, the detection method further includes: step S101: obtaining the current of the bypass diode of each battery pack, and identifying the battery pack with current flowing through the bypass diode as the problem battery pack.

[0086] Step S101 is executed before step S10. When all the cells in the battery pack are generating electricity normally, the current of the bypass diode is zero. When a hot spot problem occurs in a cell of the photovoltaic module, a forward bias voltage is formed across the bypass diode, causing the bypass diode to conduct, thereby allowing the operating current to bypass the faulty module and flow through the bypass diode. When the second current detection module detects that the current of the bypass diode is not zero, it indicates that a cell in the battery pack has a hot spot problem, and this battery pack is identified as the problematic battery pack.

[0087] Step S102: Identify the problematic battery cell in the problematic battery pack, obtain the hot spot area of ​​the problematic battery cell, and the proportion of the hot spot area of ​​the problematic battery cell is a preset ratio.

[0088] Step S102 is executed after step S101 and before step S10. An infrared image of the problematic battery pack can be captured. Semantic segmentation is performed on the infrared image to extract the regions of each battery cell, and an infrared thermal image displays the temperature distribution of each battery cell. The infrared image is converted into a temperature image, and the temperature image corresponding to the regions of the battery cells is sampled to determine the temperature value corresponding to each pixel. Pixels with temperature values ​​higher than a set temperature threshold are considered hotspot regions, and the areas of these pixels are calculated to obtain the hotspot area. A preset ratio is obtained based on the ratio of the hotspot area to the problematic battery cell, and the test battery cells of the problematic battery pack are blocked using this preset ratio.

[0089] Step S103: Based on the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the battery cell with a hot spot area as a preset ratio, determine the critical operating parameters for the test battery cell to reach the critical temperature, and determine the abnormal operating parameters of the test battery cell.

[0090] Step S103 is executed after step 40. The abnormal operating condition parameters of the test cell are the parameters of the test cell before it reaches the critical operating condition parameters.

[0091] Step S104: When the test cells of the problematic battery pack reach abnormal operating parameters, bypass the problematic battery pack through the bypass module.

[0092] By bypassing problematic battery packs from the entire photovoltaic system, current can flow around them, ensuring that the power generation of other normal battery packs is not affected. Taking appropriate measures to address problematic battery packs and promptly resolve potential problems in photovoltaic modules can extend the service life of photovoltaic modules.

[0093] In some embodiments, the detection method further includes:

[0094] Step S51: Obtain the real-time operating parameters of the unshaded test cell within a preset time period to obtain the output power of the unshaded test cell.

[0095] Before identifying the problematic battery string, the real-time operating parameters of the test cells are detected, and the real-time current and voltage of the test cells are obtained for a preset duration. The current and voltage of the test cells per unit duration are calculated, and the output power of the unshaded test cells per unit duration is obtained according to P=IV.

[0096] Step S52: Obtain the output power of the shaded area of ​​the test cell based on the real-time operating parameters of the test cell with a preset shading ratio.

[0097] Based on the real-time operating parameters of the test cell with a preset ratio of shading obtained in step S20 within a preset time period, the current and voltage of the shading area of ​​the test cell are obtained, and the output power of the shading area of ​​the test cell per unit time is calculated.

[0098] Step S53: Based on the output power of the unshaded test cell and the output power of the shaded area, obtain the power loss in the shaded area.

[0099] This embodiment compares and analyzes the output power of unshaded and pre-shaded test cells to obtain the degree of impact of the shading area on the performance of the cells, providing reference data for the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic modules and solving the problem of lack of practical application environment data on the impact of hot spot problems in photovoltaic modules.

[0100] In some embodiments, the hot spot detection method for photovoltaic modules in this embodiment further includes the following steps:

[0101] Step S60: Obtain the external environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module, including light intensity, ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

[0102] Photovoltaic (PV) modules are used for outdoor power generation, and the external environment has a significant impact on the hot spot effect of PV modules. Environmental parameters include light intensity, ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed. Among these, light intensity affects the photoelectric conversion of PV modules, influencing their operating current, output power, and directly impacting the hot spot problem. Ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed affect the heat dissipation efficiency of PV modules, influencing the temperature of the hot spots, and thus affecting the hot spot problem.

[0103] Step S70: Based on the real-time operating parameters and real-time temperature parameters of the test cells with a preset shading ratio within a preset time period, as well as the external environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module, establish a hot spot prediction model.

[0104] By using machine learning or deep learning algorithms, the real-time operating parameters and temperature parameters of the test cells with a preset ratio of shading, as well as the external environmental parameters of the photovoltaic modules, are analyzed within a preset time period. A hot spot prediction model is established to more accurately assess the causes and influencing factors of hot spots.

[0105] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0106] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules, used to detect the photovoltaic modules in the above embodiments; the solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method, so the specific limitations of one or more hot spot detection device embodiments for photovoltaic modules provided below can be found in the limitations of the hot spot detection method for photovoltaic modules above, and will not be repeated here.

[0107] like Figure 6 As shown, the hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules includes:

[0108] The shading simulation module 410 is used to shade the test cells of the problematic battery pack at a preset ratio.

[0109] The operating condition parameter acquisition module 420 is used to acquire the real-time operating condition parameters of the test cells that are shaded by a preset ratio within a preset time period.

[0110] Temperature detection module 430 acquires real-time temperature parameters of the test cells that are shaded by a preset ratio within a preset time period.

[0111] The determination module 440 determines the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the test cells with a preset ratio of hot spot area within a preset time period based on the real-time operating parameters and real-time temperature parameters of the test cells with a preset ratio of hot spot area.

[0112] In some embodiments, the operating condition parameter acquisition module is further configured to acquire real-time operating condition parameters of the unshaded test cells within a preset time period; the photovoltaic module hot spot detection device further includes:

[0113] The loss calculation module is used to obtain the real-time operating parameters of the unshaded test cells within a preset time period to obtain the output power of the unshaded test cells; based on the real-time operating parameters of the test cells shaded by a preset ratio, it obtains the output power of the shaded area of ​​the test cells; and based on the output power of the unshaded test cells and the output power of the shaded area, it obtains the power loss in the shaded area.

[0114] In some embodiments, the occlusion simulation module includes:

[0115] The trigger unit is used to obtain the current of the bypass diodes of each battery pack, and the battery pack with current flowing through the bypass diodes is identified as the problem battery pack.

[0116] The occlusion determination unit is used to determine the problematic battery cell in the problematic battery pack, obtain the hot spot area of ​​the problematic battery cell, and the proportion of the hot spot area of ​​the problematic battery cell is a preset ratio.

[0117] In some embodiments, the hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules further includes:

[0118] The safety module is used to determine the critical operating parameters for a test cell to reach its critical temperature based on the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the battery cell with a hot spot area as a preset ratio, and to determine the abnormal operating parameters of the test cell. When a test cell in a problematic battery pack reaches its abnormal operating parameters, the problematic battery pack is bypassed via the bypass module. The abnormal operating parameters of the test cell are those before the test cell reaches its critical operating parameters.

[0119] In some embodiments, the hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules further includes:

[0120] The environmental parameter detection module is used to acquire the external environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module, including light intensity, ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

[0121] The model building module is used to build a hot spot prediction model based on the real-time operating parameters and real-time temperature parameters of the test cells with a preset shading ratio within a preset time period, as well as the external environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module.

[0122] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a computer device, which can be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram can be as follows. Figure 7 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output interfaces, a communication interface, a display unit, and an input device. The processor, memory, and input / output interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface, display unit, and input device are also connected to the system bus via the input / output interfaces. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The input / output interfaces are used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements a method for calibrating the state of charge of a battery. The display unit is used to form a visually visible image and can be a display screen, a projection device, or a virtual reality imaging device. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, trackballs, or touchpads set on the casing of the computer device, or external keyboards, touchpads, or mice, etc.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 7 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0124] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0125] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the hot spot detection method for photovoltaic modules described in any of the above embodiments.

[0126] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0127] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0128] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0129] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes: At least one battery pack, the battery pack comprising two battery strings connected in series, each battery string comprising a plurality of battery cells connected in series; each battery pack having at least one test battery cell, the front solder strip of the test battery cell being connected to a first busbar, and the back solder strip of the test battery cell being connected to a second busbar; At least one operating condition detection module, wherein at least one operating condition detection module is connected to at least one of the battery packs in a one-to-one correspondence, and the operating condition detection module is used to detect the operating condition parameters of the test battery cells in the battery pack; The operating condition detection module includes: A first voltage detection module is connected between the first busbar and the second busbar. The first voltage detection module is used to detect the voltage of the shaded area of ​​the test cell. A first resistance detection module is connected between the first busbar and the second busbar. The first resistance detection module is used to detect the resistance of the shielded area of ​​the test battery cell. A first current detection module is connected in series between the two battery strings of the battery pack. The first current detection module is used to detect the current of the test battery cell.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack further includes a bypass diode connected in series between the two battery strings; the operating condition detection module further includes: A second current detection module is connected between the positive terminal of the bypass diode and the connected battery string. The second current detection module is used to detect the current of the bypass diode.

3. A method for detecting hot spots in photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, For testing photovoltaic modules as described in any one of claims 1-2; the testing method includes: The test cells of the problematic battery pack were obscured by a preset ratio; Obtain the real-time operating parameters of the test battery cell, which is shaded by a preset ratio, within a preset time period; Obtain the real-time temperature parameters of the test battery cell that is shaded by a preset ratio within a preset time period; Based on the real-time operating parameters and real-time temperature parameters of the test solar cells with a preset ratio of shading during a preset time period, the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the solar cells with a hot spot area of ​​a preset ratio is obtained.

4. The detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The real-time operating parameters of the test cell include the current of the test cell, the voltage of the shaded area of ​​the test cell, and the resistance of the shaded area of ​​the test cell.

5. The detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The detection method further includes: Obtain the current of the bypass diodes of each battery pack, and identify the battery packs with current flowing through the bypass diodes as the problem battery packs.

6. The detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The detection method further includes: Obtain the real-time operating parameters of the unshaded test cell within a preset time period to obtain the output power of the unshaded test cell; Based on the real-time operating parameters of the test battery cell with a preset shading ratio, the output power of the shading area of ​​the test battery cell is obtained; The power loss in the shading area is obtained based on the output power of the unshaded test cell and the output power of the shading area.

7. A hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, For detecting photovoltaic modules as described in any one of claims 1-2; the hot spot detection device for the photovoltaic module comprises: The shading simulation module is used to shade the test cells of the problematic battery pack at a preset ratio. The operating condition parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the real-time operating condition parameters of the test battery cell that is shaded by a preset ratio within a preset time period. The temperature detection module acquires the real-time temperature parameters of the test battery cell, which is shaded by a preset ratio, within a preset time period. The determination module determines the correspondence between the operating parameters and temperature parameters of the test solar cells with a preset ratio of hot spot area within a preset time period, based on the real-time operating parameters and real-time temperature parameters of the test solar cells with a preset ratio of hot spot area.

8. The hot spot detection device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operating condition parameter acquisition module is also used to acquire the real-time operating condition parameters of the unshaded test cell within a preset time period; the hot spot detection device for the photovoltaic module further includes: The loss calculation module is used to obtain the real-time operating parameters of the unshaded test cell within a preset time period to obtain the output power of the unshaded test cell; according to the real-time operating parameters of the test cell with a preset ratio of shading, obtain the output power of the shading area of ​​the test cell; and according to the output power of the unshaded test cell and the output power of the shading area, obtain the power loss of the shading area.

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